CE 211_ DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

1ST SEMESTER 2022-2023

TOPIC 5: WEEK 7

Module 2: Solution of some First Ordered Differential Equation

INTRODUCTION

This module intends to discuss the different types of solution for First Ordered Differential Equation. Students
must also must apply their basic knowledge in differential and integral calculus, as long as the law of exponents
and etc. This chapter will cover the topics for week 3 to week 7.

LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

Discuss and illustrate how to solve the homogeneous differential equation with constant coefficients.

LEARNING CONTENT

Topic No. 5/7TH Week: Solution of First Order Differential Equation: Linear Differential Equation

Solution of First Order Differential Equation

LINEAR FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Linear equation of order one is in the form

dy
+ P(x ) y=Q( x)
dx

The general solution of equation in this form is

y e ∫ Pdx = ∫ Q e ∫ Pdx dx +¿C

Derivation
dy
+ P(x ) y=Q( x)
dx
Use e ∫ Pdx as integrating factor.
dy
e ∫ Pdx + P e ∫ Pdx y=Q e ∫ Pdx  
dx
Multiply both sides of the equation by dx
∫ Pdx ∫ Pdx ∫ Pdx
e dy + P e ydx =Q e dx
Let
u= ∫ Pdx
du= Pdx  

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 CE 211_ DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
1ST SEMESTER 2022-2023
TOPIC 5: WEEK 7
Thus,
u u u
e dy+ ye du=Q e dx
d(e u dy )=Qe u dx

d ( e dy )=∫ Q e dx
u u

But u= ∫ Pdx . Hence, y e ∫ Pdx = ∫ Q e ∫ Pdx dx +¿C

Steps in Solving Linear Differential Equation of First Order

1. Rearrange the equation (Separation of Variable)
2. Check if the equation is linear and arrange it into linear form:
3. Locate P and Q
4. Applying the integral Factor: e∫ Pdx
5. Substitute e∫ Pdx into the general equation for LDE

Example 1.
Solve (x 5 +3 y) dx−xdy=0
Solution:
Step 1: Rearrange the equation:

(x 5 +3 y) dx−xdy=0
5
( x +3 y) dx xdy
− =0
xdx xdx
5
( x +3 y) dy
− =0
x dx
Step 2: Check if the equation is linear and arrange it into linear form:
3 y dy
x4 + − =0
x dx
dy 3 y
− =x 4 −→ Linear∈ y
dx x
Step 3: Locate P and Q:
3
P= and Q=x 4
x
Step 4: Applying the integral Factor:
3
∫ dx
e ∫ Pdx=e x

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 CE 211_ DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
1ST SEMESTER 2022-2023
TOPIC 5: WEEK 7
dx
−3 ∫
e∫ Pdx=e x

e∫
Pdx −3 ln x
=e

e∫
−3
Pdx
=eln x

e∫
Pdx −3
=x

Step 5: Substitute e∫ Pdx into the general equation for LDE:

Therefore,
∫ Pdx ∫ Pdx
ye =∫Qe dx +¿C
c
y x−3= ∫ x 4 (x −3 )dx+
2
−3 c
y x = ∫ x dx+
2
2
y x c
= +
x3 2 2
Multiply 2 x 3
5 3
2 y=x +c x answer
Example 2.
Solve 2(2 xy +4 y−3)dx+(x+ 2)2 dy=0
Solution:
Step 1: Rearrange the equation:
2
2 ( 2 xy + 4 y−3 ) dx + ( x +2 ) dy=0

2 ( 2 xy +4 y−3 ) dx ( x+ 2 )2 dy
2
+ 2
=0
( x+2 ) dx ( x+ 2 ) dx
4 y (x +2)−6 dy
+ =0
( x+ 2 )2 dx

Step 2: Check if the equation is linear and arrange it into linear form:
4 y (x +2) 6 dy
− + =0
( x+ 2 ) 2
( x +2 ) dx
2

( ( x+4 2) ) y − ( x +26 ) + dydx =0

2

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 CE 211_ DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
1ST SEMESTER 2022-2023
TOPIC 5: WEEK 7
dy
+
(
4
dx ( x+2 )
y=
)6
( x +2 )2
−→ Linear∈ y

Step 3: Locate P and Q:

4 6
P= and Q=
( x +2 ) ( x +2 )2
Step 4: Applying the integral Factor:
4
∫ dx
∫ Pdx ( x+2)
e =e
dx
4∫
∫ Pdx (x+2)
e =e

e∫
Pdx 4 ln(x +2)
=e

e∫
4
Pdx
=eln (x+2)

e∫
Pdx 4
=(x+ 2)

Step 5: Substitute e∫ Pdx into the general equation for LDE:

Therefore,
∫ Pdx ∫ Pdx
ye =∫Qe dx +¿C
6
y ( x +2)4= ∫ 2
∙(x+ 2) 4 dx+ c
( x +2 )
4
4 (x+2)
y ( x +2) =6 ∫ dx+ c
( x +2 )2
y (x +2)4=6 ∫ ( x+2 )2 dx +c
3
4 ( x +2)
y (x +2) =6 dx +c
3
y (x +2)4=2( x +2)3 dx+ c

Multiply (x +2)−4
−1 −4
y=2(x+2) dx+ c ( x+ 2) answer

Teaching and Learning Activities

a. Solve: dy + 4 xydx=2 x
b. Solve: y '=x −2 y

Recommended Learning Materials and Resources for Supplementary Reading.

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Effectivity: August 1, 2020 ENGR. CHEZANIE MIYA S. ASUNCION _CE DEPT.
 CE 211_ DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
1ST SEMESTER 2022-2023
TOPIC 5: WEEK 7
Struthers A. and Potter M., 2019, Differential Equation: For Scientist and Engineers 2 nd Edition,
Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Strang G., 2014, Differential Equations and Linear Algebra 1 st Edition, Department of
Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Wellesley - Cambridge Press
Nagle, Kent R., Saff, E.B., Snider, David A., 2014, Fundamentals of Differential Equations 8 th
edition, Pearson Education Limited
https://www.mathsisfun.com/calculus/differential-equations-second-order.html
https://www.mathsisfun.com/calculus/differential-equations-bernoulli.html
mathalino.com

Flexible Teaching Learning Modality (FTLM)adopted

Asynchronous (Module reading before discussion)- Module Uploaded Via Google Classroom
Synchronous Discussion thru Google Meet

Assessment Task
Perform TLA as Assignment
Solve the following.

References
Struthers A. and Potter M., 2019, Differential Equation: For Scientist and Engineers 2 nd Edition, Springer
Nature Switzerland AG.
Strang G., 2014, Differential Equations and Linear Algebra 1 st Edition, Department of Mathematics
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Wellesley - Cambridge Press
Nagle, Kent R., Saff, E.B., Snider, David A., 2014, Fundamentals of Differential Equations 8 th edition,
Pearson Education Limited

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Effectivity: August 1, 2020 ENGR. CHEZANIE MIYA S. ASUNCION _CE DEPT.