Rules Summary

Palestine
Polytechnic
University
Collage of Engineering and Technology
Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering
Main Formulas and

Charts for Analysis
and Design of
Reinforced Concrete
Structures
Dr. Nasr Younis Abboushi
2014-2015
Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi
2
Material Properties
√ √
Load Factors and Strength Reduction Factors

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
Strength Condition
1. Flexure (with or without axial force)

Tension-controlled sections ……………………………………………………. 0.90
Compression-controlled sections
Spirally reinforced ………………………………………………….. 0.75
Others …………………………………………………………………… 0.65
2. Shear and torsion ………………………………………………………………………………. 0.75
3. Bearing on concrete …………………………………………………………………………… 0.65
4. Post-tensioned anchorage zones ……………………………………………………….. 0.85
5. Struts, ties, nodal zones, and bearing areas in strut-and-tie models ….. 0.75
( )
Balanced, Maximum and Minimum Steel Percentages
( ) ( )
The maximum reinforcement ratio
( )
A minimum steel area,
3
and not less than
The above requirements of need not be applied if, ( ).
Maximum Spacing
( ) ( )
Analysis and Design of Singly Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Sections for Flexure
( √ ) ( )
( ) ( )
Analysis and Design of Doubly Reinforced Concrete Sections
̅ ( )
( )
( )
( ( )) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )( )
Reinforced Concrete T- and L- Sections

The effective width for interior T-section must be the smallest value of:
The effective width for exterior (edge) L-section must be the smallest value of:
4
For isolated T-section beams:
( )
̅ ( )
( )( ) ( ) ( )
√ √
Shear in Beams
√ √ √
( )
Case I:
Case II:
( )
5
Minimum shear reinforcement,
( ) √
Case III:
( )
is the maximum of
Minimum shear reinforcement is provided ( ) with
Case IV:
( ) ( )
Case V:
( ) ( )
Axially Loaded Short Columns
[ ( ) ] [ ( ) ]
( )
( )
6
Short Columns with Axial Load and Bending Moment
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
[ ]
( )( ) ( )( )
{ ( ) ( )
√( ) *( ) ( ) ( )( )+}
When then
{ √( ) *( )( ) +}
Biaxially Loaded Columns
[ ( ) ]
Slender Columns
∑
( )
( )
∑ ( )
∑
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Compression members:
Columns
Walls – Uncracked
– Cracked
Flexural members:
Beams
Flat plates and flat slabs
Compression members:
( )( )
need not be taken less than .
Flexural members:
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
√
∑
∑
One-way Slabs
( ) ( )
36
37
Two-way Slabs
1. For
( )
( )
2. For
( )
3. For ( ( ))
( )
√ √
√ √ √
Punching Shear (Slabs and Footings):
( ) √ ( ) √ √
38
39
40
41
42
43
∑( )
44
Footings and Foundations
( ) ( )√
45
1. When , the soil pressure is trapezoidal.
2. When , the soil pressure is triangular.
3. When , the soil pressure is triangular.
( )
( )
Development, Anchorage, and Splicing of Reinforcement

Tension-Development Lengths
( )
√ ( )
and Smaller Bars

and Larger Bars
and Deformed Wires
Case 1: Clear spacing of bars being developed
or spliced not less than , and stirrups or ties
throughout not less than the code
minimum
or √ √
Case 2: Clear spacing of bars being developed ( ) ( )
or spliced not less than and clear cover
not less than
Other cases √ √
( ) ( )
- The length computed using these equations shall not be taken less than .
46
Factors in Equations ( ) through ( )

bar location factor
Horizontal reinforcement so placed that more than of fresh
concrete is cast in the member below the development length or
splice............................................................................................................ 1.3
Other reinforcement…................................................................................. 1.0
coating factor
Epoxy-coated bars or wires with cover less than or clear spacing less
than ....................................................................................................... 1.5
All other epoxy-coated bars or wires........................................................... 1.2
Uncoated and galvanized reinforcement .................................................... 1.0
The product of ( ) need not be taken greater than 1.7.
bar-size factor
and smaller bars and deformed wires .............................................. 0.8
and larger bars.................................................................................... 1.0
lightweight-aggregate-concrete factor
When any lightweight-aggregate concrete is used ................................... 0.75
However, when the splitting tensile strength is specified, shall be
permitted to be taken as √ but not more than.......................... 1.0
When normal-weight concrete is used ........................................................1.0
transverse reinforcement index
Compression-Development Lengths
47
Hooked Anchorage
( )
√
where for epoxy-coated bars or wires and 1.0 for galvonized and uncoated
reinforcement
Top or
Hooked Side Bottom
Bar Cover, Cover, Tail
Location Type size mm mm Cover Stirrups or ties Factor
1. Anywhere,
12.5.3(a) Any Any Not required
2. Anywhere,
12.5.3(a) Any Not required
3. Anywhere, Enclosed in stirrups or

12.5.3(b) ties perpendicular to Except
Any Any Any
hooked bar, spaced as in
along line 6
12.5.3(b) ties parallel to hooked Except
Any Any Any
bar spaced as in
along line 6
12.5.3(c) ties perpendicular to Except
Any Any Any
hooked bar, spaced as in
along line 6
48
6. At the ends Enclosed in stirrups or
of members, or ties perpendicular to
Any
12.5.4 hooked bar, spaced
is the diameter of the bar being developed by the hook

The first stirrup or tie should enclose the hook within of the outside of the bend.
If two or more factors apply, is multiplied by the product of the factors
Line 6 (ACI Code Section 12.5.4) applies at the discontinuous ends of members
Bar Cutoffs and Development of Bars in Flexural Members
No flexural bar shall be terminated in a tension zone unless one of the following conditions is
satisfied:
1. The shear is not over two-thirds of the design strength .
( )
2. Stirrups in excess of those normally required are provided over a distance along each
terminated bar from the point of cutoff equal to . These "binder" stirrups shall
provide an area . In addition, the stirrup spacing shall not exceed
, where is the ratio of the area of bars cut off to the total area of bars
at the section.
3. The continuing bars, if or smaller, provide twice the area required for flexure at
that point, and the shear does not exceed three-quarters of the design strength
( )
[ ]
Tension Lap Splices of Reinforcement
Class A splice:
Class B splice:
49
Compression Lap Splices of Reinforcement

For bars with
For bars with ( )
Column Splices
50
Bearing and Retaining Walls
* ( ) +
( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
( )
51
When ( ) , then
( )
When ( ) , then
* ( ) +* ( ) +
( )
* ( ) +
Where:
( ) ( )
Lateral loads: Wind and (Earthquake) Seismic Loads
( )
Combined height, exposure and gust factor coefficient ( )

Height above average level of
Adjoining ground Exposure D Exposure C Exposure B
[feet] [meter]
1
Values for intermediate heights above ( ) may be interpolated
52
53
54
for steel moment frames, for concrete moment frames

for eccentric braced frames, for all other buildings
, , , , , and soil profile types (UBC Table 16-J), where

hard rock, soft rock, very dense soil and soft rock
stiff soil profile, soft soil profile,
Soil profile requiring site-specific evaluation.
55
( )( )
∑
Shear Walls
Distribution of Story Forces (Story Shears) to Walls
( ) ( )
∑ ∑
∑ ∑
∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
Shear and Flexural strength of shear walls
( √ )
√ [ √ ]
( ) √
( √ )
56
( )( )
* ( )( )+
( )
( )
57
Prestressed concrete
(a) Prestressing Force Only
( ) ( )
(b) Prestressing Plus Self-weight
( ) ( )
(a) Prestressing Plus total loads
( ) ( )
For bonded members
( )
For unbonded members with span to depth
( )
For unbonded members with span to depth ,
( )
58

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Palestine

Main Formulas and

Dr. Nasr Younis Abboushi

Load Factors and Strength Reduction Factors

1. Flexure (with or without axial force)

Balanced, Maximum and Minimum Steel Percentages

The maximum reinforcement ratio

A minimum steel area,

and not less than

The above requirements of need not be applied if, ( ).

Analysis and Design of Doubly Reinforced Concrete Sections

Reinforced Concrete T- and L- Sections

For isolated T-section beams:

Minimum shear reinforcement is provided ( ) with

Axially Loaded Short Columns

Short Columns with Axial Load and Bending Moment

Biaxially Loaded Columns

need not be taken less than .

Punching Shear (Slabs and Footings):

Footings and Foundations

2. When , the soil pressure is triangular.

3. When , the soil pressure is triangular.

Development, Anchorage, and Splicing of Reinforcement

and Smaller Bars

Factors in Equations ( ) through ( )

transverse reinforcement index

3. Anywhere, Enclosed in stirrups or

is the diameter of the bar being developed by the hook

Bar Cutoffs and Development of Bars in Flexural Members

Tension Lap Splices of Reinforcement

Compression Lap Splices of Reinforcement

For bars with ( )

Bearing and Retaining Walls

Lateral loads: Wind and (Earthquake) Seismic Loads

Combined height, exposure and gust factor coefficient ( )

for steel moment frames, for concrete moment frames

, , , , , and soil profile types (UBC Table 16-J), where

Shear and Flexural strength of shear walls

(b) Prestressing Plus Self-weight

(a) Prestressing Plus total loads

For bonded members

For unbonded members with span to depth

For unbonded members with span to depth ,

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