Communication SYSTEM (EE-344)

Week 5
Muhammad Faisal
[email protected]
Lecturer, FEAS
B-208
RIPHAH International University, Islamabad
Book

Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems

(3rd Edition) by B.P. Lathi
Text Book

Introduction to Analog & Digital Communications,

2nd ed. S. Haykin and M. Moher,, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007
Reference Book
Side Band & Carrier Power
Cont….
Problem 3
Demodulation of AM Signals
Demodulation of AM Signals
 Demodulation of AM Signal

 Rectifier Detector
 Envelope Detector
Rectifier Detector
 If AM signal is applied to a diode and resistor circuit as show
in figure, the negative part of the AM wave will be
suppressed.
 The output across resistor is a half wave rectified version of
AM signal.
 The AM signal is multiplied by w(t) to provide with the
rectified version.
 Applied a low pass filter to get the actual wave form of lower
frequency.
Rectifier Detector
Rectifier Detector
Envelope Detection
 The output of detector follows the envelope of the
modulated signal.
 Positive half cycle of the input signal, the diode conducts and
capacitor charge up to the peak voltage of input signal show
in the circuit.
 As input signal falls this peak value the diode is cut-off,
because the capacitor voltage is greater than the input signal
voltage.
 Capacitor now discharge through the resistor R at a slow
rate.
 During the next positive cycle the same drama repeats.
Envelope Detector
Envelope Detector
QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)
Bandwidth Efficient schemes
 QAM
 SSB
Cont.….
Cont.….
 Two carriers generated at the same frequency but 90º out of
phase with each other allow transmission of two separate
signals
 This approach is known as Quadrature AM (QUAM or
QAM)
 Recovery of the two signals is accomplished by synchronous
detection by two balanced modulators
AMPLITUDE MODULATION: SSB
Single side band modulation
 Cont.….
 The two sidebands of an AM signal are mirror images of one another

 As a result, one of the sidebands is redundant

 Using single-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission results in reduced

bandwidth and therefore twice as many signals may be transmitted in
the same spectrum allotment

 Typically, a 3dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio is achieved as a

result of SSBSC.
Cont.….
1 st method after modulation
AM: SINGLE SIDE BAND (SSB)
before modulation
Cont.….
 Single Side Band Suppressed Carrier
Carrier
From DSB-SC spectrum:
LSB USB
 Information m is carried twice
 Bandwidth is high

c - m c c + m
Single frequency
Question:Why transmit both side bands?
Ans:

Question: Can one suppress one of the side bandcarrier?

Ans.: Yes, just transmit one side band (i.e SSB-SC)

But what is the penalty?

System complexity at the receiver

 SSB-SC - Implementation
• Frequency discrimination

Band pass
Upper sideband
filter
c+ m
Message DSB-SC 1
Multiplier c(t ) = cos (c + m )t
m(t) 2

Band pass Lower sideband

filter
Local oscillator
c- m
c(t) = cos ct 1
c(t ) = cos (c − m )t
2

c(t ) = cos mt cos ct

1 1
= cos (c + m )t + cos (c − m )t
2 2
 SSB-SC - Implementation cont.
• Phase discrimination (Hartley modulator)
v(t) =Em cos mt cos ct + Em sin mt sin ct
Em cos mt = Em cos (m - c)t LSB
Message X
m(t) Em cos mt cos ct

Carrier cos ct +

SSB-SC

90o 90o signal
phase shift -
phase shift
sin ct
Em sin mt sin ct
X
Em sin mt
v(t) =Em cos mt cos ct - Em sin mt sin ct
= Em cos (m + c)t USB
 SSB-SC – Detection/ demodulation
 Synchronous detection 1
v(t ) = cos mt
4
Low pass
SSB-SC Multiplier filter
Message signal

Local oscillator 1
y (t ) = cos (c + m )t  cos ct
c(t) = cos ct 2
1 1
y (t ) = cos (− mt ) + cos (2c + m )t
4 4
Condition:
•Local oscillator has the same information high frequency
frequency and phase as that of the
carrier signal at the transmitter. Low pass filter

m 2c+m
 SSB-SC - Summary
 Advantages:
 Lower power consumption
 Better management of the frequency spectrum
 Less prone to selective fading
 Lower noise

• Disadvantage:
- Complex detection

• Applications:
- Two way radio communications
- Frequency division multiplexing
- Up conversion in numerous telecommunication systems
PROBLEM 1