Muscles in Tabular Form
Muscles in Tabular Form
Muscles in Tabular Form
Frontalis galea aponeurotica skin of eyebrows and • raises the eyebrows Facial
root of nose • wrinkles the forehead
1 horizontally
1
Corrugator supercilii arch of frontal bone skin of eyebrow • draws eyebrows medially Facial
above nasal bone and inferiorly 2
EYE EXPRESSIONS
2 4
• wrinkles the forehead
vertically (frowning)
Levator palpebrae superioris tendinous band upper eyelid • raises eyelids Oculomotor
around optic foramen
3 (near annular ring)
Medial rectus annular ring medial eyeball • moves the eye medially Oculomotor
EYEBALL MOVERS
7 6 10
Lateral rectus annular ring lateral eyeball • moves the eye laterally Abducens
Superior oblique annular ring superior lateral eye- • depresses the eye & turns Trochlear 9
ball via trochlea it laterally
9 7
5
Inferior oblique medial orbit surface inferolateral eye • elevates the eye & turns it Ocolomotor 8
surface laterally
10
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
Levator labii superioris zygomatic bone & skin & muscle of up- • raises & furrows the up- Facial
infraorbital margin of per lip per lip
11 maxilla
Zygomaticus minor zygomatic bone skin & muscle @ • raises lateral corners of Facial
corner of mouth mouth (smiling)
12
Zygomaticus major zygomatic bone skin & muscle @ • raises lateral corners of Facial
corner of mouth mouth (smiling) 11
13 12
13
15
Risorius lateral facia assoc. skin @ angle of • draws corner of lip later- Facial 14
with masseter muscle mouth ally
14 • tense of lips
• synergist of zygomaticus
Buccinator molar region of max- orbicularis oris • draws corner of mouth Facial
illa and mandible laterally
15
MOUTH MOVERS
Depressor labii inferioris body and mandible skin & muscle of • draws lower lip inferiorly Facial
lateral to its midline lower lip (pout)
17
Orbicularis oris arises directly from encircles mouth; • closes lips Facial
maxilla & mandible inserts into muscle • purses and protrues lips 18
18 & skin @ angles of • kissing & whistling 17
mouth
16
19
Platysma fascia of chest (over lower margin of • depresses mandible Facial
pectoral muscle & mandible, and skin & • pulls lower lip back &
19 deltoid) muscle @ corner of down
mouth
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
Masseter zygomatic arch and angle & ramus of • prime mover of jaw Trigeminal
maxilla mandible closure
20 • elevates mandible
Medial pterygoid medial surface of medial surface of •synergist of temporalis & Trigeminal
lateral pterygoid plate mandible near its masseter in elevation of
22 of sphenoid bone, angle the mandible
maxilla & palatine • act with lateral ptery-
bone goid muscle to protrude
mandible of to promote
side-to-side movements
(grinding)
23
Lateral pterygoid greater wing & lateral condyle of mandible • protrudes mandible Trigeminal
22
pterygoid plate of and capsule of tem- • provides forward sliding
23 sphenoid bone poromandibular joint and side-to-side grinding
movements of the lower
teeth
Hyoglossus body & greater horn inferolateral tongue • depresses tongue & draws Hypoglossal
of hyoid bone its sides downward
26
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
Digastric lower margin of man- by a connective tissue • acting in concert, elevate Mandibular
dible (anterior belly) loop to hyoid bone hyoid bone & steady it branch of
27 & mastoid process during swallowing & trigeminal (ante-
of the temporal bone speech rior belly)
(posterior belly) • acting from behind, Facial (posterior
open mouth & depress belly)
mandible
Stylohyoid styloid process of hyoid bone • elevates & retracts hyoid Facial 29
27
temporal bone -> elongate floor of
28 mouth during swallowing
34
31
Mylohyoid medial surface of hyoid bone & medial • elevates hyoid bone & Mandibular
mandible raphe floor of mouth, enabling branch of tri-
29 tongue to exert backward geminal 33 32
& upward pressure for
swallowing
SWALLOWING MUSCLES
Geniohyoid inner surface of man- hyoid bone & medial • pulls hyoid bone su- First cervial
dible raphe periorly & anteriorly, spinal nerve
30 shortening floor of mouth via hypoglossal
and widening pharynx nerve
for receiving food
Sternohyoid manubrium & medial lower margin of hyoid • depresses larynx & hyoid Cervical spinal
end of clavicle bone bone if mandible is fixed nerves 1-3
31 • may also flex skull
Sternothyroid posterior surface of thyroid cartilage • pulls thyroid cartilage Cervical spinal
manubrium (plus larynx & hyoid) nerves 1-3
32 inferiorly
Omohyoid superior surface of hyoid bone, lower • depresses & retracts Cervical spinal
scapula border hyoid bone nerves 1-3
33
28
Thyrohyoid thyroid cartilage hyoid bone • depresses hyoid bone First cervical 30
34
• elevates larynx if hyoid nerve via hypo-
34 is fixed glossal
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
Sternocleidomastoid manubrium of ster- mastoid process of • prime mover of active Accesory nerve
num & medial portion temporal bone & head flexion (when act
35 of clavicle superior nuchal line together)
of occipital bone • rotates head toward op-
posite side (when act
singularly 35
Splenius (capitis) ligamentum nuchae, mastoid process of • extend or hyperextend Cervical spinal
spinous process of temporal bone & oc- head when act together nerves (dorsal
36 vertebrae C7-T6 cipital bone (capitis) • rotate and bend head lat- rami)
erally toward same side
when act on one side 36
WHOLE HEAD MOVERS
Semispinalis capitis transverse process of occipital bone (ca- • extends head and move it Spinal nerves
C7-T12 pitis) to opposite side (dorsal rami)
37 • synergist with sterno-
cleidomastoid of oppo-
site side
37
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
Erector spinae iliac crests (luborum) angle of ribs (luborum • extend vertebral column, Spinal nerves
Iliocostalis inferior 6 ribs (tho- & thoracis) maintain posture (dorsal rami)
38-A racis) cervical vertebrae C6- • bend vertebral column to
ribs 3-6 (cervicis) C4 (cervicis) same side when act on
one side
Erector spinae transverse process of transverse process of • thoracis & cervicis act to- Spinal nerves
Longissimus lumbar through cervi- thoracic or cervical gether to extend vertebral (dorsal rami)
cal vertebrae vertebrae and to ribs column
38-B superior to origin; • act on one side, bend it
mastoid process for laterally
capitis • capitis extends heads and 38-C
turns the face toward
TORSO EXTENDERS
same side
38-B
Erector spinae spines of upper lum- spines of upper • extends vertebral column Spinal nerves
Spinalis bat & lower thoracic thoracic & cervical (dorsal rami)
38-C vertebrae vertebrae
38-A
Quadratus lumborum iliac crest & lumbar transverse process of • flexes vertebral column T12 & upper
fascia upper lumbar verte- laterally when alone lumber spinal
39 39
brae & lower margin • when together extends nerves (ventral
of 12th rib lumbar spine & fixes rami)
12th rib
• maintains upright posture
• assists in forced breathing
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
External intercostals inferior border of rib superior border of rib • elevate rib cage, aids in Intercostal
above below inspiration
40 • synergist of diaphragm
40
Internal intercostals superior border of rib inferior border (costal • depress rib cage, aid in Intercostal
below groove) of rib above forced expiration
41 • antagonist of external
BREATHING MUSCLES
intercostals
41
Internal oblique lumbar fascia, iliac linea alba, pubic • same as external oblique Intercostals
crest, & inguinal liga- crest, last 3 or 4 ribs,
45 ment & costal margin
45 43 46
Transverse abdominis inguinal ligament, linea alba, pubic crest • compresses abdominal Intercostals
lumbar fascia, carti- contents
46 lages of last 6 ribs,
iliac crest 44
Subclavius costal cartilage of groove on inferior • stablizes & depresses Nerve to subcla- 50
rib 1 surface of clavicle pectoral girdle vius
50
49
Serratus anterior by series of muscle anterior surface of • agonist to protract & hold Long thoracic
(boxer’s muscle) slips from ribs 1-9 vertebral border of scapula against rib cage nerve
51
scapula • rotates scapula (infe-
51 rior angle laterally &
upward)
• abduct & raise arm &
horizontal arm move-
ments
Trapezius occipital bone, spine & acromion of • stablizes, raises, retracts Accesory nerve
ligamentum nuchae, scapula, lateral 3rd of & rotates scapula
SHOULDER MOVERS
Levator scapulae transverse processes medial border of • elevates & adducts Cervical spinal
of C1-C4 scapula, superior to scapula (synergist to nerves & dorsal 54
53 spine trapezius) scapular nerve 55
• tilts glenoid cavity down,
flexes neck to same side
(fixed scapula)
Rhomboid minor spinous processes of medial border of • retract scapula (squar- Dorsal scapular
C7 & T1 scapula ing shoulders), synergist nerve
54 with middle fibers of
Trapezius
• rotate glenoid cavity
Rhomboid major spinous processes of medial border of downward (lowering arm
T2-T5 scapula against resistence)
55
• stablize scapula
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
Pectoralis major sternal end of clavi- by a short tendon into • agonist of arm flexion Lateral &
cle, sternum, cartilage intertubercular groove • rotates arm medially medial pectoral
56 of ribs 1-6, & apo- of humerus • adducts arm against resistance nerves
neurosis of external • pulls rib cage upward with scapula 58
oblique muscle fixed
Latissimus dorsi via lumbodorsal floor of intertubercu- • agonist of arm extension Thoracodorsal 56
fascia into spines of lar groove of humerus • powerful arm adductor
57 T7-L5, lower 4 ribs & • medially rotates arm & shoulder
iliac crest • depresses scapula
• pulls body upward & forward with
arms fixed overhead
Deltoid lateral 3rd of clavicle, deltoid tuberosity of • agonist of arm abduction with all fi- Axillary nerve
acromion & spine of humerus bers, antagonist of pectoralis major
58 scapula & latissimus dorsi 59
• flexes & medially rotates humerus
with anterior fibers, synergist of
pectoralis major
• extends & laterally rotates arms with
60
posterior fibers
ARM MOVERS
62
Supraspinatus supraspinous fossa of superior part of • stabilizes shoulder joint Suprascapular 63
scapula greater tubercle of • helps prevent downward dislocation nerve
59 humerus of humerus
Infraspinatus infraspinous fossa of greater tubercle of • helps to hold head of humerus in Suprascapular
57
scapula humerus, posterior to glenoid cavity nerve
60 supraspinatus • stabilizes the shoulder joint
• rotates humerus laterally
Subscapularis subscapular fossa of lesser tubercle of • chief medial rotator of humerus, as- Subcapular
61 scapula humerus sisted by pectoralis major nerve
• helps to hold head of humerus in 61
glenoid cavity, stablizes shoulder
Teres minor lateral border of dor- greater tubercle of same as infraspinatus Axillary nerve
sal scapular surface humerus, inferior to
62 infraspinatus 64
Teres major posterior surface of intertubercular groove • posteromedially extends, medially Lower scapular
scapula @ inferior of humerus, tendon rotates, & adducts arm nerve
63 angle fused with tendon of • synergist of latissimus dorsi
latissimus dorsi
Coracobrachialis coracoid process of medial surface of • flexion & adduction of humerus Musculocutane-
64 scapula humerus shaft • synergist of pectoralis major ous nerve
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
Biceps brachii long head (65-1): tuber- by common tendon to • flexes elbor joint & supinates Musculocutane-
cle above glenoid cav- radial tuberosity forearm (usually at the same ous nerve
65 ity and lip of glenoid time)
cavity of scapula • weak flexor of arm @ shoulder
short head: (65-2): cora-
coid process of scapula
68-1
68-2
Brachialis front of distal humerus coronoid process of • major forearm flexor, synergist Musculocutane- 68-3
66 ulna with biceps brachii ous nerve 65
66
67
Brachioradialis lateral supracondylar base of styloid pro- • synergist in forearm flexion, best Radial nerve
ridge @ distal end of cess of radius when forearm is partially flexed
67 humerus • stablizes the elbow during rapid
FOREARM MOVERS
Triceps brachii lateral head (68-1): pos- by common tendon • agonist of forearm extension Radial nerve
terior shaft of humerus into olacrenon pro- (medial head) 68-1
68 long head (68-2) : cess of ulna • antagonist of forearm flexors
infraglenoid tubercle • stablizes shoulder joint & assist in
of scapula arm adduction (long head tendon) 68-2
medial head (68-3):
posterior humeral shaft 69
distal to radial groove
Anconeus lateral epicondyle of lateral aspect of ola- • abducts ulna during forearm Radial nerve
65-1
humerus cranon process pronation 65-2
69 66
• synergist of triceps brachii in
elbow extension
Pronator teres medial epicondyle of hu- by common tendon • pronates forearm Median nerve
FOREARM ROTATORS
Palmaris longus medial epicondyle of palmar aponeurosis, • weak wrist flexor Median nerve
humerus skin & fascia of palm • weak synergist of elbow flexion
73 • tenses skin of palm during hand 75
movements 72
73 77
Flexor carpi medial epicondyle of pisiform & hamate • powerful flexor of writs Ulnar nerve 74
ulnaris humerus, olecranon pro- bones & base of 5th • adducts hand with extensor carpi
cess & posterior surface metacarpal (anterior) ulnaris
74 of ulna • stablized wrist during finger
extension
Extensor carpi lateral supracondylar base of 2nd metacar- • extends wrist with extensor carpi Radial nerve
WRIST EXTENSORS
Flexor digitorum medial epicondyle of hu- by four tendons into • flexes wrist & middle phalanges Median nerve
superficialis merus, coronoid process middle phalanges of of fingers 2-5
of ulna, shaft of radius fingers 2-5
77
Extensor lateral epicondyle of by four tendons into • prime mover of finger extension Posterior inter-
digitorum humerus extensor expansions • extends wrist osseous nerve, a
& distal phalanges of • can abduct (flare) fingers branch of radial
78 81
fingers 2-5 nerve 78
FINGER MOVERS
Extensor digiti lateral epicondyle of extensor expansion of • extends 5th digit Posterior inter- 76
minimi humerus 5th digit osseous nerve, 80
deep branch of 79
79 radial nerve
Extensor pollicis posterior surface of base of distal phallanx • extends thumb Posterior inter-
longus middle 3rd of ulna of thumb osseous nerve
80
Abductor pollicis posterior surface of base of 1st metacarpal • abducts & extends thumb Posterior inter-
longus radius & ulna & trapezium osseous nerve
81
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
Satorius anterior superior iliac medial aspect of • flexes, abducts & laterally rotates Femoral nerve
spine proximal tibia the thigh
82 • flexes knee (weak)
Iliopsoas iliac fossa & crest, lat- lesser trochanter of • prime mover of thigh flexion Femoral nerve
84
Iliacus eral sacrum femur • lateral flexion of vertebral column 83
83 (psoas)
89
Iliopsoas transverse processes of lesser trochanter of Ventral nerve
85
Psoas major L1-L5, bodies & discs of femur
84 82 88
T12-L5
86
Pectineus pectineal line of pubis inferior from lesser • adducts, flexes & medially rotates Femoral & obtu- 87
trochanter to linea thigh rator nerve
85 aspera
87
Gracilis inferior ramus & body of medial surface of tibi- • adducts thigh Obturator nerve
pubis, ischial ramus al shaft just inferior to • flexes & medially rotates leg 88
86 medial condyle (when walking)
Adductor magnus ischial & pubic rami, linea aspera & adduc- • adducts & medially rotates thigh Obturator nerve
THIGH MOVERS
Gluteus maximus dorsal ilium, sacrum & gluteal tuberosity of • major extensor of thigh Inferior gluteal
coccyx femur, iliotibial tract • laterally rotates & abducts thigh nerve 91
90 • inactive during standing 92
Gluteus medius lateral surface of ilium via short tendon • abducts thigh Superior gluteal
between anterior & pos- into lateral aspect of • anterior part rotates hip medially nerve
91 terior gluteal lines greater trochanter • posterior part rotates hip lateraly
90
Gluteus minimus dorsal ilium between an- superior border of • abducts & medially rotates thigh Superior gluteal
terior & inferior gluteal greater trochanter of nerve
92 lines femur
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
Biceps femoris long head (a): ischial by common tendon • extends thigh & flexes knee Sciatic nerve
tuberosity into head of fibula • laterally rotates leg when knee
93 short head (b): linea & lateral condyle of is flexed
aspera & distal femur tibia
Semitendinosus iscial tuberosity medial aspect of up- • extends thigh & flexes knee Sciatic nerve
per tibial shaft • medially rotates leg with semi-
94 membranosus
HAMSTRINGS
93
Semimembranosus ischial tuberosity medial condyle of • extends thigh & flexes knee Sciatic nerve 94
tibia • medially rotates leg
95 95
Popliteus lateral condyle of femur proximal tibia (poste- • unlocks knee by flexes & ro- Tibial nerve
96
rior surface) tates leg medially
96 • rotates thigh laterally with tibia
fixed
Vastus lateralis greater trochanter, inter- • extends & stablizes knee Femoral nerve
trochanteric line, linea
98 aspera
QUADRICEPS
Vastus intermedius anterior & lateral sur- • extends knee Femoral nerve
faces of proximal femur
100
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
Tibialis anterior lateral condyle & upper by tendon into • prime mover of dorsiflexion Deep fibular
2/3 of tibial shaft, inter- inferior surface of • inverts foot nerve
101 osseous membrane medial cuneiform & • assist in supporting medial longi-
1st metatarsal tudinal arch
104
102
101
Fibularis longus head & upper portion of by long tendon • plantar flexes & everts foot Superficial fibu- 105
lateral fibula underfoot into 1st • may help keep foot flat on ground lar nerve
102 metatarsal & medial
cuneiform 104
105
102
101
Fibularis brevis distal fibula shaft by tendon behind • plantar flexes & everts foot Superficial fibu-
lateral malleolus into lar nerve
103 base of 5th metatarsal 103
FOOT MOVERS
Gastrocnemius by two heads from me- • plantar flexes foot when knee is Tibial nerve
dial & lateral condyles extended
104 of femur • flexes knee when foot is dorsi-
flexed
104
105
Plantaris posterior femur above via a long, thin ten- • assists in knee flexion Tibial nerve
lateral condyle don into calcaneus or • plantar flexion of foot
106 calcaneal tendon
NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
Extensor hallucis anteromedial fibula shaft distal phalanx of big • extends big toe Deep fibular
longus & interosseous mem- toe • dorsiflexes foot nerve
brane
107
108
107
Extensor lateral condyle of tibia, middle & distal pha- • prime mover of toe extension Deep fibular
digitorum longus proximal 3/4 of fibula, langes of toes 2-5 via (mainly @ metatarsal joints) nerve
interosseous membrane extensor expansion • dorsiflexes foot (with tibialis an-
108 terior & extensor hallucis longus)
TOE MOVERS
Flexor hallucis mid-shaft of fibula, inter- tendon runs underfoot • plantar flexes & inverts foot Tibial nerve
longus osseous membrane to distal phalanx of • flexes big toe (push-off muscle
big toe when walking)
109
109
110
Flexor digitorum posterior tibia tendon runs behind • plantar flexes & inverts foot Tibial nerve
longus medial malleolus & • flexes toes
insert into distal pha- • helps foot “grip” ground
110 lanx of toes 2-5 110
109