EXP 3: POWER FLOW ANALYSIS USING NEWTON
RAHPSON METHOD
AIM:
To develop a MATLAB program to perform power flow analysis for a given
system using Newton-Raphson Method.
APPARATUS:
S.no Software Version
1. MATLAB R2022a
FORMULAE:
MATLAB CODE:
clc;clear;
format short g;
format compact;
% SNO FB TB IMPEDANCE CHG ADMITTANCE
line = [1 1 2 0.09i 0;
2 2 3 0.1i 0;
3 3 1 0.11i 0];
% BNo Type P Q |V| Delta
bus = [1 0 NaN NaN 1.01 0;
2 1 0.95 NaN 1.03 0;
3 2 -1.3 -0.8 1 0;];
V=bus(:,5);
nlines = length(line(:,1));
FB = line(:,2);
TB = line(:,3);
nbuses = max(max(FB),max(TB));
y = zeros(nbuses);
delta = zeros(nbuses-1,1);
for k = 1 : nlines
l = line(k,2);
m = line(k,3);
y(l,l) = y(l,l) + 1/line(k,4) + line(k,5);
y(m,m) = y(m,m) + 1/line(k,4) + line(k,5);
y(m,l) = - 1/line(k,4);
y(l,m) = y(m,l);
end
YBus = y;
for i = 1:nbuses
for j = 1:nbuses
ybusR(i,j) = abs(YBus(i,j));
ybusA(i,j) = rad2deg(angle(YBus(i,j)));
end
end
%mismatch vectors
w=0;
for n=1:nbuses % total no of PV buses
if bus(n,2) == 1
w=w+1;
end
end
u=0;
for n=2:nbuses % total no of PQ buses
if bus(n,2)== 2
u=u+1;
end
end
power_mismatch = 1;
iter = 0;
while(power_mismatch>0.00025 && iter<100)
iter = iter +1
for i = 2:nbuses
sum = 0;
for n = 1:nbuses
sum = sum +
(ybusR(i,n)*bus(n,5)*bus(i,5))*cos((deg2rad(ybusA(i,n)))+bus(n
,6)-bus(i,6)); % multiplying admittance & voltage
end
delta(i-1) = bus(i,3) - sum;
end
for i = 2:nbuses
sum = 0;
if(bus(i,2) == 2)
for n = 1:nbuses
sum = sum +
(ybusR(i,n)*bus(n,5)*bus(i,5))*sin(deg2rad((ybusA(i,n)))+bus(n
,6)-bus(i,6)); % multiplying admittance & voltage
delta(i) = bus(i,4) + sum;
end
end
end
delta
J11=zeros(nbuses-1,nbuses-1);
J12=zeros(nbuses-1,u);
J21=zeros(u,nbuses-1);
J22=zeros(u,u);
%----------------------------H-------------------------------%
for i=2:nbuses
for j=2:nbuses
if i~=j
J11(i-1,j-1)= -abs(((ybusR(i,j)*
V(i)*V(j)))*sind((ybusA(i,j))+bus(j,6)-bus(i,6)));
end
if i==j
for n=1:nbuses
if n~=i
J11(i-1,i-1)=J11(i-1,i-1)+(
abs(((ybusR(i,n)* V(i)*V(n)))*sind((ybusA(i,n))+bus(n,6)-
bus(i,6))));
end
end
end
end
end
J11;
%----------------------------N-------------------------------%
for i=2:nbuses
for j=2:nbuses-w
if bus(j,2)== 1
if i~=j
J12(i-1,j-1)= (abs(V(j))*abs((ybusR(i,j)*
V(i))))*cosd((ybusA(i,j))+bus(j,6)-bus(i,6));
end
yv12=0;
if i==j
for n=1:nbuses
if n~=i
yv12=yv12 + abs((ybusR(i,n)*
V(n)))*cosd((ybusA(i,n))+bus(n,6)-bus(i,6));
end
end
J12(i-1,j-1) =
abs(V(i))*(2*abs(V(i))*real(YBus(i,i))+yv12);
end
end
end
end
J12;
%----------------------------J-------------------------------%
for i=2:nbuses-w
if bus(i,2)== 1
for j=2:nbuses
if i~=j
J21(i-1,j-1)= abs(((ybusR(i,j)*
V(i)*V(j)))*cosd((ybusA(i,j))+bus(j,6)-bus(i,6)));
end
if i==j
for n=1:nbuses
if n~=i
J21(i-1,j-1)=J21(i-1,j-1)+( -
abs(((ybusR(i,n)* V(i)*V(n)))*cosd((ybusA(i,n))+bus(n,6)-
bus(i,6))));
end
end
end
end
end
end
J21;
%----------------------------L-------------------------------%
for i=2:nbuses-w
for j=2:nbuses-w
if bus(i,2)== 1 && bus(j,2) == 1
if i~=j
J22(i-1,j-1)= -(abs(V(j))*abs((ybusR(i,j)*
V(i))))*sind((ybusA(i,j))+bus(j,6)-bus(i,6));
end
yv12=0;
if i==j
J22(i-1,i-1)=-(J11(i,i)) -
(2*(abs(V(i+1))^2)*imag(YBus(i+1,i+1)));
end
end
end
end
J22;
J = [J11 , J12 ; J21 , J22];
J
del = J\delta
for i = 2 : nbuses
bus(i,6) = bus(i,6) + del(i-1);
if bus(i,2) == 2
bus(i,5) = bus(i,5) + del(i);
end
end
bus
power_mismatch = max(abs(delta))
% finding line flows
Ii = zeros(nbuses,nbuses);
nbranch = length(bus(:,1));
fb = line(:,2);
tb = line(:,3);
for i = 1 : nbuses
Vnew(i) = bus(i,5) * exp(1i * bus(i,6));
end
Vnew
% lineflows
for i = 1 : nbranch
Ii(fb(i),tb(i)) = (Vnew(fb(i)) - Vnew(tb(i))) * (-
YBus(fb(i),tb(i)));
Ii(tb(i),fb(i)) = -Ii(fb(i),tb(i));
end
Ii
lineflows = zeros(nbuses,nbuses);
for i = 1 : nbranch
lineflows(fb(i),tb(i)) = (Vnew(fb(i))) *
conj(Ii(fb(i),tb(i)));
lineflows(tb(i),fb(i)) = (Vnew(tb(i))) *
conj(Ii(tb(i),fb(i)));
end
lineflows
% losses
for i = 1:nbranch
losses(i) = lineflows(fb(i),tb(i)) +
lineflows(tb(i),fb(i));
end
losses
% power injected at each bus
I_inj = zeros(nbuses,1);
S_inj = zeros(nbuses,1);
for i = 1: nbuses
for j = 1 : nbuses
I_inj(i) = I_inj(i) + (YBus(i,j) * Vnew(j));
end
S_inj(i) = Vnew(i) * conj(I_inj(i));
end
I_inj
S_inj
end
OUTPUT:
iter =
1
delta =
0.95
-1.3
-0.40909
J =
21.859 -10.3 0
-10.3 19.482 0
0 0 18.7
del =
0.016005
-0.058267
-0.021877
bus =
1 0 NaN NaN 1.01 0
2 1 0.95 NaN 1.03 0.016005
3 2 -1.3 -0.8 0.97812 -0.058267
power_mismatch =
1.3
Vnew =
1.01 + 0i 1.0299 + 0.016484i 0.97646 - 0.05696i
Ii =
0 + 0i -0.18316 + 0.22076i 0.51782 - 0.30488i
0.18316 - 0.22076i 0 + 0i 0.73445 - 0.53405i
-0.51782 + 0.30488i -0.73445 + 0.53405i 0 + 0i
lineflows =
0 + 0i -0.18499 - 0.22296i 0.523 + 0.30793i
0.18499 + 0.23037i 0 + 0i 0.74758 + 0.5621i
-0.523 - 0.26821i -0.74758 - 0.47964i 0 + 0i
losses =
0 + 0.0074053i 0 + 0.082461i 0 + 0.03972i
I_inj =
0.33466 - 0.08412i
0.9176 - 0.7548i
-1.2523 + 0.83892i
S_inj =
0.33801 + 0.084961i
0.93257 + 0.79247i
-1.2706 - 0.74785i
iter =
2
delta =
0.017431
-0.029423
-0.052153
J =
21.859 -10.3 0.016581
-10.3 19.482 -0.013352
-0.016581 0.013352 18.7
del =
0.00011587
-0.0014509
-0.0027878
bus =
1 0 NaN NaN 1.01 0
2 1 0.95 NaN 1.03 0.016121
3 2 -1.3 -0.8 0.97534 -0.059718
power_mismatch =
0.052153
Vnew =
1.01 + 0i 1.0299 + 0.016604i 0.9736 - 0.058211i
Ii =
0 + 0i -0.18448 + 0.22074i 0.52919 - 0.33094i
0.18448 - 0.22074i 0 + 0i 0.74814 - 0.56269i
-0.52919 + 0.33094i -0.74814 + 0.56269i 0 + 0i
lineflows =
0 + 0i -0.18633 - 0.22294i 0.53448 + 0.33424i
0.18633 + 0.23039i 0 + 0i 0.76114 + 0.59192i
-0.53448 - 0.29139i -0.76114 - 0.50428i 0 + 0i
losses =
0 + 0.0074483i 0 + 0.087634i 0 + 0.042851i
I_inj =
0.3447 - 0.1102i
0.93263 - 0.78343i
-1.2773 + 0.89363i
S_inj =
0.34815 + 0.1113i
0.94747 + 0.82231i
-1.2956 - 0.79568i
iter =
3
delta =
0.002527
-0.0043776
-0.004322
J =
21.859 -10.3 0.016886
-10.3 19.482 -0.013633
-0.016886 0.013633 18.7
del =
1.3086e-05
-0.00021794
-0.00023095
bus =
1 0 NaN NaN 1.01 0
2 1 0.95 NaN 1.03 0.016134
3 2 -1.3 -0.8 0.9751 -0.059936
power_mismatch =
0.0043776
Vnew =
1.01 + 0i 1.0299 + 0.016617i 0.97335 - 0.058409i
Ii =
0 + 0i -0.18463 + 0.22073i 0.53099 -0.33315i
0.18463 - 0.22073i 0 + 0i 0.75026 -0.56512i
-0.53099 + 0.33315i -0.75026 + 0.56512i 0 + 0i
lineflows =
0 + 0i -0.18648 - 0.22294i 0.5363 + 0.33648i
0.18648 + 0.23039i 0 + 0i 0.76328 + 0.59447i
-0.5363 - 0.29326i -0.76328 - 0.50624i 0 + 0i
losses =
0 + 0.0074532i 0 + 0.088225i 0 + 0.043223i
I_inj =
0.34636 - 0.11241i
0.93489 - 0.78585i
-1.2813 + 0.89827i
S_inj =
0.34982 + 0.11354i
0.94976 + 0.82486i
-1.2996 - 0.7995i
RESULT:
Thus, the power flow analysis using Newton Raphson method was carried
out in MATLAB and the results were verified.
