AHFS DI® Essentials™ Page 1 of 19

Furosemide (Systemic)

Introductory Information

A sulfonamide, loop-type diuretic and antihypertensive agent.133, e

Class: 40:28.08 Loop Diuretics; cv702 (VA primary)

Brands: Lasix®

Generic Name: Furosemide

CAS Number: 54-31-9
Synonym: Frusemide

Boxed Warning

• Furosemide is a potent diuretic that given in excessive amounts may induce a profound diuresis with
water and electrolyte depletion.133, e Careful medical supervision is required; dosage selection and
titration should be adjusted to the individual patient's needs.133, e (See Dosage and Administration.)

Uses

Edema

Management of edema associated with CHF, hepatic cirrhosis, and renal disease (e.g., nephrotic
syndrome).133, e

Considered a diuretic of choice for most patients with CHF.131

IV management of acute pulmonary edema (in combination with oxygen and a cardiac glycoside).150

Hypertension

Management of hypertension (alone or in combination with other classes of antihypertensive agents).100,

101, 109, 124, 127, 133, 144

One of several preferred initial therapies in hypertensive patients with CHF or renal disease.100, 101, 109,
124, 127, 144

Can be used as monotherapy for initial management of uncomplicated hypertension; however, thiazide
diuretics are preferred by JNC 7.100, 101, 124, 127, 142, 143, 144

Dosage and Administration

General

Edema

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• Careful etiologic diagnosis should precede the use of any diuretic.e

• Hospitalization of the patient during initiation of therapy is advisable, especially for patients with
hepatic cirrhosis and ascites or chronic renal failure.133, e
• Most experts state that all patients with symptomatic CHF who have evidence for, or a prior history of,
fluid retention generally should receive diuretic therapy in conjunction with moderate sodium
restriction (≤3 g of sodium daily), an ACE inhibitor, and usually a β-blocker, with or without a cardiac
glycoside.131
• In prolonged diuretic therapy, intermittent use of the drug (e.g., on 2-4 consecutive days each week)
may be advisable.e

Hypertension

• Monitor BP carefully, especially during initial therapy.133

• If added to regimen of a patient receiving another antihypertensive agent, reduce dosage of preexisting
therapy by at least 50% initially to avoid severe hypotension; additional dosage adjustment may be
required.133

Administration

Administer orally, IV, or IM.133, 150

Oral Administration
Administer orally once (preferably in the morning)e or twice daily .133

For ease of administration and maximum dosage flexibility in children, consider use of oral solution
preparation.151

IV Administration
For solution and drug compatibility information, see Compatibility under Stability.

IV administration may be used in emergency clinical circumstances when a rapid onset of diuresis is
desired, or in patients unable to take oral medication or those with impaired GI absorption; replace with
oral therapy as soon as possible.133, 150, e

Consider the potential risks, when using large parenteral doses; monitor patient closely.105, 107

Dilution
For IV infusion, dilute in 5% dextrose, 0.9% sodium chloride, or lactated Ringer's injection and adjust pH
to >5.5.150, e

Whenever possible, use vials instead of ampuls to prepare large doses to prevent large quantities of glass
particles from entering the solutions.e If ampuls must be used, consider filtering through a sterile
membrane filter before use to remove any particles that may be present.e

Rate of Administration
For direct IV injection, administer slowly over a period of 1-2 minutes.150 e

If high-dose parenteral furosemide therapy is necessary, the manufacturer recommends that the drug be

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administered as a controlled infusion at a rate not exceeding 4 mg/minute in adults.150, e

Dosage

Individualize dosage according to patient's requirements and response; titrate dosage to gain maximum
therapeutic effect while using the lowest possible effective dosage.e (See Boxed Warning.)

Pediatric Patients
Edema
Oral: 2 mg/kg administered as a single dose.103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 133 If necessary, increase in increments
of 1 or 2 mg/kg every 6-8 hours103, 104, 105, 107, 108 to a maximum of 6 mg/kg.103, 133 Generally not
necessary to exceed individual doses of 4 mg/kg or a dosing frequency of once or twice daily.104 Use
minimum effective dosage for maintenance therapy.133

>IV or IM
1 mg/kg administered as a single IM or IV injection.103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 150 If necessary for
resistant forms of edema, the initial dose may be increased by 1 mg/kg103, 104, 105, 108 no more often
than every 2 hours until the desired effect has been obtained or up to a maximum dosage of 6 mg/kg.103
Adequate response usually is obtained with individual parenteral doses of 1 mg/kg.104, 105, 107, 108

>Acute Pulmonary Edema

IV or IM: 1 mg/kg administered as a single IM or IV injection.103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 150 If necessary
for resistant forms of edema, the initial dose may be increased by 1 mg/kg103, 104, 105, 108 no more often
than every 2 hours until the desired effect has been obtained or up to a maximum dosage of 6 mg/kg.103
Adequate response generally obtained with 1 mg/kg.104, 105, 107, 108

Hypertension
Oral: Initially, 0.5-2 mg/kg given once or twice daily.149 Increase as necessary up to a maximum of 6
mg/kg daily.149

Adults
Edema
Oral: 20-80 mg given as a single dose, preferably in the morning.133, e If needed, repeat same dose 6-8
hours later or increase dose by 20- to 40-mg increments and give no sooner than 6-8 hours after last dose
until desired diuretic response (including weight loss) is obtained.133, e May titrate carefully up to 600
mg daily in severe cases.133
The effective dose may be given once or twice daily thereafter, or, in some cases, by intermittent
administration on 2-4 consecutive days each week.133, e Dosage may be reduced for maintenance
therapy.e

>IV or IM
20-40 mg given as a single IM or IV injection.150, e If needed, repeat same dose 2 hours later or increase
dose by 20-mg increments and give no sooner than every 2 hours until the desired diuretic response is
obtained.150 Effective dosages may then be given once or twice daily.150

>Acute Pulmonary Edema

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IV: 40 mg given as a single IV injection.150 If needed, an 80-mg dose may be given 1 hour after the
initial dose.150

Hypertension
Oral: 40 mg twice daily.133 If desired BP not attained, consider adding other antihypertensive agents.133
Usual dosage recommended by JNC 7: 10-40 mg twice daily.127, 144

Prescribing Limits

Pediatric Patients
Edema
Oral: Maximum of 6 mg/kg.103, 133

>IV or IM
Maximum of 6 mg/kg in infants and children; do not exceed 1 mg/kg daily in premature infants.150

Hypertension
Oral: Maximum 6 mg/kg daily.149

Adults
Edema
Oral: Maximum of 600 mg daily.133

Special Populations

Renal Impairment
Higher doses may be required for patients with acute or chronic renal failure.e

Hypertension
Higher doses may be required for patients with acute or chronic renal failure.e

Oral: Use of ≥3 antihypertensive agents usually is required to achieve a target BP <130/80 mm Hg.144

Cautions

Contraindications

• Anuria.133
• Known hypersensitivity to furosemide or any ingredient in the formulation.133

Warnings/Precautions

Warnings
Hepatic Effects
Sudden alterations of electrolyte balance in patients with cirrhosis may precipitate hepatic coma; use with
caution in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and ascites.133

Do not initiate therapy in patients with hepatic coma or electrolyte depletion until the basic condition is

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improved.133 Therapy in such patients is best initiated in the hospital with careful monitoring of clinical
status and electrolyte balance.133

Renal Effects
If increasing azotemia and oliguria occur during treatment of severe progressive renal disease,
discontinue the drug.133, 150

Sensitivity Reactions
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis (e.g., urticaria, angioedema, hypotension) within 5 minutes after IV administration
reported.102

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Possible exacerbation or activation of systemic lupus erythematosus.133, 150

Sulfonamide Sensitivity
Patients sensitive to sulfonamides may show allergic reactions to furosemide.e

Photosensitivity
Photosensitivity may occur.133

Major Toxicities
Ototoxicity
Risk of tinnitus, reversible or permanent hearing impairment increased following IV or IM
administration, especially at high dosages,133, e after too-rapid administration,133 in patients with
severely impaired renal function, and/or in patients receiving other ototoxic drugs (e.g.,
aminoglycosides).133, e (See Specific Drugs under Interactions.)

If high-dose IV therapy is indicated, administer by slow IV infusion (e.g., at a rate not exceeding 4
mg/minute in adults).133, 150

General Precautions
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Cardiovascular Effects
Excessive diuresis may cause dehydration and blood volume reduction with circulatory collapse and
possibly vascular thrombosis and embolism, particularly in elderly patients.133 (See Boxed Warning.)

Risk of orthostatic hypotension, especially with brisk diuresis.133, 150, 151 May be aggravated by
concomitant use with alcohol, barbiturates, or narcotics.133, 151, e

Risk of hypokalemia, especially with brisk diuresis, inadequate oral electrolyte intake, when cirrhosis is
present, or during concomitant use of corticosteroids or ACTH.133, 150 Concomitant therapy with
digitalis may exaggerate metabolic effects of hypokalemia, especially myocardial effects.133, 150

Observe carefully for manifestations of fluid and electrolyte depletion (e.g., dryness of mouth, thirst,
weakness, lethargy, drowsiness, restlessness, muscle pains or cramps, muscular fatigue, hypotension,
oliguria, tachycardia, arrhythmia, nausea, vomiting).133

Endocrine Effects

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Possible increased blood glucose and alterations in glucose tolerance tests (with abnormalities of the
fasting and 2-hour postprandial sugar); precipitation of diabetes mellitus rarely reported.133, 150 Monitor
urine and blood glucose concentrations periodically in patients with diabetes and those suspected of latent
diabetes.e

Possible hyperuricemia and precipitation of gout;133, 150 use with caution in patients with a history of
gout or elevated serum uric acid concentrations.e

Patient Monitoring
Monitor regularly for the possible occurrence of blood dyscrasias, liver or kidney damage, or other
idiosyncratic reactions.133, 150

Serum electrolytes (particularly potassium), CO2, creatinine and BUN should be determined frequently
during the first few months of therapy and periodically thereafter.133, 150

Elective Surgery
Discontinue therapy 1 week (oral furosemide) or 2 days (parenteral furosemide) before elective surgery.e

Specific Populations
Pregnancy
Category C.133

Lactation
Distributed into milk.133 Use with caution.133

Pediatric Use
Risk of persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may be increased in premature neonates with
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who receive furosemide during the first weeks of life.103, e

Do not exceed dosage of 1 mg/kg per 24 hours in premature neonates with <31 weeks' postconception
age (gestational age at birth plus postnatal age); risk of potentially toxic furosemide plasma
concentrations with higher dosages.150

Renal calcification reported in severely premature infants treated with IV furosemide for edema due to
PDA and hyaline membrane disease; concomitant chlorothiazide therapy may decrease hypercalciuria
and dissolve some calculi.150

Hearing loss reported in neonates; possibly secondary to renal immaturity.103, 125, 126, 150

Oral solutions contain sorbitol; high dosages may cause diarrhea in children.e

Hepatic Impairment
Use with caution.133, e

Renal Impairment
Use with caution.133, e

Common Adverse Effects

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Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, electrolyte imbalance (hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia)

tinnitus, photosensitivity.133, e

Interactions

Specific Drugs

Drug Interaction Comments

May aggravate orthostatic
Alcohol
hypotension133, 151, e
Anticonvulsant agents (e.g.,
phenytoin sodium, Possible reduced diuretic effecte
phenobarbital)
Observe for possible decreased
Antidiabetic agents (e.g., Possible antagonism of hypoglycemic diabetic control; correct
insulin, oral agents) effect as result of hypokalemia133 potassium deficit and/or adjust
dosage of antidiabetic agente

Additive antihypertensive effect; Reduce dosage of both drugse

Antihypertensive agents Concomitant therapy generally
orthostatic hypotension may occur133
used to therapeutic advantagee
May aggravate orthostatic
Barbiturates
hypotension133, 151, e
Possible electrolyte disturbances (e.g.,
Cardiac glycoside (e.g., hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia), Monitor electrolytes; correct
digoxin) increased risk of digitalis toxicity, hypokalemia e
and/or fatal cardiac arrhythmias e
Possible reaction characterized by Consider alternate hypnotic drug
diaphoresis, flushes, hypertension, and (e.g., a benzodiazepine) in
Chloral hydrate uneasiness in patients with acute MI patients who require IV
and CHFe furosemidee
Diuretics, loop (e.g., No therapeutic rationale for
bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, Share similar diuretic mechanisms e
torsemide) concomitant usee
Diuretics, potassium- sparing Possible reduction in potassium loss May be used to therapeutic
(e.g., amiloride, 133
spironolactone, triamterene) advantage133
Use reduced dosage of
Diuretics, thiazides Additive diuretic effecte furosemide when added to
existing diuretic regimene
Drugs that cause potassium Monitor electrolytes; correct
loss (e.g., corticosteroids, Additive hypokalemic effects133 e
corticotropin, amphotericin B) hypokalemia 133, e
Monitor closely to determine if
Possible decreased diuretic and
Indomethacin desired diuretic and/or
natriuretic effect133
hypotensive effect is obtained133

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Avoid concomitant use;133, e if

Reduced renal clearance of lithium and concomitant therapy is
Lithium
increased risk of lithium toxicity 133 necessary, monitor for lithium
toxicitye
May aggravate orthostatic
Narcotics
hypotension133, 151, e
Neuromuscular blocking
agents, nondepolarizing (e.g., Potential for prolonged neuromuscular
atracurium besylate, blockadee
tubocurarine chloride)
Decreased arterial responsive to Norepinephrine may still be used
Norepinephrine
norepinephrine133 effectively133
Possible additive ototoxic effect,
Ototoxic drugs (e.g., Avoid concomitant use except in
especially in patients with impaired
aminoglycoside antibiotics) life-threatening situations133
renal function133
Possible transient reductions in Clcr in
patient with chronic renal
Salicylates (e.g., aspirin, insufficiencye
NSAIAs) Possible weight gain and increased Scr, Monitor for toxicity133
serum potassium concentrations, and
BUN (NSAIAs)133
May potentiate action of
Succinylcholine
succinylcholine133
Do not administer
simultaneously; separate
Possible reduced natriuretic and administration by ≥2 hours133
Sucralfate
antihypertensive effects133 Observe closely for desired
diuretic and/or antihypertensive
effect133
Uricosuric drugs (probenecid, Possible antagonism of uricosuric Monitor serum uric acid
sulfinpyrazone) effectse concentrationse

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Bioavailability
Mean oral bioavailability of furosemide from commercially available tablets and oral solution is 64% and
60%, respectively.133

Commercially available tablets and oral solution are bioequivalent.133

Onset
Following oral administration, onset of diuresis occurs within 30 minutes to 1 hour; maximal effect after
1-2 hours.133, e

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Following IV administration, diuresis occurs within 5 minutes and peaks within 20-60 minutes.150, e

Onset of diuresis after IM administration occurs somewhat later than after IV administration.150

Maximum hypotensive effect may not be apparent until after several days of therapy.e

Duration
Diuretic effect persists 6-8 hours following oral administration and approximately 2 hours following IV
administration.133, 150, e

Food
Food does not appear to affect diuretic effect.e

Special Populations
In patients with severely impaired renal function, the diuretic response may be prolonged.e

Distribution

Extent
Crosses the placenta and is distributed into milk.e

Plasma Protein Binding

Approximately 95% bound to plasma proteins (mainly albumin) in both normal and azotemic
patients.133, e

Elimination

Metabolism
Metabolized in the liver to the defurfurylated derivative, 4-chloro-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid.e

Elimination Route
Rapidly excreted in urine by glomerular filtration and by secretion from the proximal tubule.e

Approximately 50% of an oral dose and 80% of an IV or IM dose are excreted in urine within 24 hours;
69-97% of these amounts is excreted in the first 4 hours.150, e The remainder of the drug is eliminated by
nonrenal mechanisms including degradation in the liver and excretion of unchanged drug in the feces.e

Half-life
Biphasic;e terminal half-life is approximately 2 hours.133

Special Populations
Hepatic or renal impairment prolongs the elimination half-life of the drug.e

In patients with marked renal impairment without liver disease, nonrenal clearance is increased to the
extent that up to 98% of the drug is cleared within 24 hours.e

Not removed by hemodialysis.133

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Stability

Storage

Oral
Solution or Tablets
Tight, light resistant containers at 15-30°C.133, 151

Parenteral
Injection
15-30°C; protect from light.150 Discard unused portion.150

Compatibility

For information on systemic interactions resulting from concomitant use, see Interactions.

Parenteral
Do not mix with strongly acidic solutions (i.e., pH < 5.5), such as those containing ascorbic acid,
amrinone, ciprofloxacin, labetalol, tetracycline, milrinone, epinephrine, or norepinephrine, because
furosemide may be precipitated.150, e

Solution Compatibilitya

Compatible
Alcohol 5% and dextrose 5%
Amino acids 4.25%, dextrose 25%
Dextrose 5% in Ringer's injection, lactated
Dextrose 5% in sodium chloride 0.9%
Dextrose 5, 10, or 20% in water
Invert sugar 10% in Electrolyte #1
Mannitol 20%
Ringer's injection, lactated
Sodium chloride 0.9%
Sodium lactate (1/6) M
Incompatible
Fructose 10% in water
Invert sugar 10% in Electrolyte #2

Drug Compatibility

>Admixture Compatibilitya
Compatible
Amikacin sulfate
Aminophylline
Ampicillin sodium

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Atropine sulfate
Bumetanide
Calcium gluconate
Cefuroxime sodium
Cimetidine HCl
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate
Diamorphine HCl
Digoxin
Epinephrine HCl
Heparin sodium
Hydrocortisone sodium succinate
Isosorbide dinitrate
Kanamycin sulfate
Lidocaine HCl
Midazolam HCl
Meropenem
Morphine sulfate
Nitroglycerin
Penicillin G
Potassium chloride
Ranitidine HCl
Scopolamine butylbromide
Sodium bicarbonate
Sulphadimidine
Theophylline
Tobramycin sulfate
Incompatible
Buprenorphine HCl
Chlorpromazine HCl
Diazepam
Dobutamine HCl
Erythromycin lactobionate
Isoproterenol HCl
Meperidine HCl
Metoclopramide HCl
Papaveretum
Prochlorperazine edisylate
Promethazine HCl
Variable
Amiodarone HCl
Gentamicin sulfate
Hydrocortisone sodium succinate

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Verapamil HCl

>Y-Site Compatibilitya
Compatible
Allopurinol sodium
Amifostine
Amikacin sulfate
Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex
Aztreonam
Bivalirudin
Bleomycin sulfate
Cefepime HCl
Ceftazidime
Cisplatin
Cladribine
Cyclophosphamide
Cytarabine
Dexmedetomidine HCl
Docetaxel
Doxorubicin HCl liposome injection
Epinephrine HCl
Etoposide phosphate
Fentanyl citrate
Fludarabine phosphate
Fluorouracil
Foscarnet sodium
Granisetron HCl
Heparin sodium
Hetastarch in lactated electrolyte injection (Hextend)
Hydrocortisone sodium succinate
Hydromorphone HCl
Indomethacin sodium trihydrate
Kanamycin sulfate
Leucovorin calcium
Linezolid
Lorazepam
Melphalan HCl
Meropenem
Methotrexate sodium
Mitomycin
Nitroglycerin
Norepinephrine bitartrate

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Paclitaxel
Piperacillin sodium-tazobactam sodium
Potassium chloride
Propofol
Ranitidine HCl
Remifentanil HCl
Sargramostim
Sodium nitroprusside
Tacrolimus
Tirofiban HCl
Teniposide
Thiotepa
Tirofiban
Tobramycin sulfate
Vitamin B complex with C
Incompatible
Amsacrine
Azithromycin
Chlorpromazine HCl
Ciprofloxacin
Clarithromycin
Diltiazem HCl
Droperidol
Esmolol HCl
Fenoldopam mesylate
Filgrastim
Fluconazole
Gatifloxacin
Gemcitabine HCl
Gentamicin sulfate
Hydralazine HCl
Idarubicin HCl
Levofloxacin
Metoclopramide HCl
Midazolam HCl
Milrinone lactate
Nicardipine HCl
Ondansetron HCl
Quinidine gluconate
Thiopental sodium
Vecuronium bromide
Vinblastine sulfate

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Vincristine sulfate
Vinorelbine tartrate
Variable
Amiodarone HCl
Dobutamine HCl
Dopamine HCl
Doxorubicin HCl
Famotidine
Labetalol HCl
Meperidine HCl
Morphine sulfate

Actions

• Inhibits primarily the absorption of sodium and chloride not only in the proximal and distal tubules but
also in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.133, e Does not inhibit carbonic anhydrase and is not an
aldosterone antagonist.e
• Mechanism of hypotensive effect not definitively determined but presumed to result from decreased
plasma volume.e
• Induces greater diuresis and electrolyte loss than with thiazides or most other diuretics except ethacrynic
acid.e
• Possesses some renal vasodilator effect; renal vascular resistance decreases and renal blood flow
increases following administration.e

Advice to Patients

• Risks associated with excessive fluid loss or electrolyte imbalance.133

• Potential for postural hypotension; importance of rising slowly from a seated position.133
• Importance of discussing dietary measures and supplementation to prevent or correct hypokalemia.133
• Importance of informing patients with diabetes mellitus that blood glucose and urine glucose
concentrations may increase.133, e
• Importance of informing patients of possible photosensitivity.133, e
• Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including
prescription and OTC drugs (e.g., appetite suppressants, cold remedies) as well as any concomitant
illnesses.133, e
• Importance of women informing clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-
feed.133, e
• Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information.133, e (See Cautions.)

Preparations

Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some
individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.

Furosemide

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Dosage
Routes Strengths Brand Names Manufacturer
Forms
40 mg/5 Furosemide Solution (with
Oral Solution Roxane
mL* alcohol 0.2% and sorbitol)
10
Furosemide Solution Morton Grove, Roxane
mg/mL*
IVAX, Mylan, Qualitest, Roxane,
Tablets 20 mg* Furosemide Tablets
Sandoz, UDL
Lasix® Sanofi-Aventis
IVAX, Mylan, Qualitest, Roxane,
40 mg* Furosemide Tablets
Sandoz, UDL
Lasix® (scored) Sanofi-Aventis
Mylan, Qualitest, Roxane, Sandoz,
80 mg* Furosemide Tablets
UDL
Lasix® Sanofi-Aventis
10 American Pharmaceutical Partners,
Parenteral Injection Furosemide Injection
mg/mL* American Regent, Hospira, IMS
* available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary)
name

Comparative Pricing

This pricing information is subject to change at the sole discretion of DS Pharmacy. This pricing
information was updated 03/2011. For the most current and up-to-date pricing information, please visit
www.drugstore.com. Actual costs to patients will vary depending on the use of specific retail or mail-
order locations and health insurance copays.

Furosemide 10MG/ML Solution (MORTON GROVE PHARMACEUTICALS): 120/$15.99 or 360/

$35.97

Furosemide 10MG/ML Solution (ROXANE): 60/$17.99 or 120/$25.98

Furosemide 20MG Tablets (SANDOZ): 100/$13.99 or 200/$18.97

Furosemide 40MG Tablets (SANDOZ): 100/$13.99 or 200/$19.96

Furosemide 80MG Tablets (SANDOZ): 30/$12.99 or 60/$15.98

Lasix 20MG Tablets (SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S.): 30/$24.25 or 90/$45.92

Lasix 40MG Tablets (SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S.): 30/$25.99 or 90/$54.91

Lasix 80MG Tablets (SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S.): 30/$35.99 or 90/$85.97

Use is not currently included in the labeling approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

References

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Only references cited for selected revisions after 1984 are available electronically.

100. Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The
1984 report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood
Pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1984; 144:1045-57. [IDIS 184763] [PubMed 6143542]

101. Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The
1980 report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood
Pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1980; 140:1280-5. [IDIS 375724] [PubMed 6775608]

102. Hansbrough JR, Wedner HJ, Chaplin DD et al. Anaphylaxis to intravenous furosemide. J Allergy
Clin Immunol. 1987; 80:538-41. [IDIS 235418] [PubMed 3668117]

103. Hoechst-Roussel. Lasix® (furosemide) injection, oral solution, and tablets prescribing information
(dated 1994 Oct). In: Physicians' desk reference. 50th ed. Montvale NJ: Medical Economics
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