BACHELOR OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT

WITH HONOURS

SEMESTER MAY / 2023

SBPH1103

PHYSICS
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I ............................................................................................................................... 2
QUESTION 1 .................................................................................................................... 2
QUESTION 2 .................................................................................................................... 4
QUESTION 3 .................................................................................................................... 8
PART II: Online Class Participation ............................................................................ 11
REFERENCES................................................................................................................ 13

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PART I

QUESTION 1
a) Conversion from km/h² to mm/s²
Since there are
1 hour = 60 minutes, 1 minute = 60 second
1 km = 1000 meters, 1 meter = 1000 millimeters
 1 km = 1,000,000 mm and 1 hour = 3600 seconds
Therefore,
(10 km/h²) x (1,000,000 mm/km) x (1/3,600 h/s) x (1/3,600 s/h)
= (10 x 1,000,000) / (3,600 x 3,600) mm/s²
= 10,000,000 / 12,960,000,000 mm/s²
In standard form = 9.73 × 10-4 mm/s²

b) Given  = 60 and magnitude of each =100unit

components of vector a⃗:
a_x = 100 x cos(60°) = 50
a_y = 100 x sin(60°) = 86.6025

components of vector b⃗:

b_x = 100 x cos(60°) = 50
b_y = 100 x sin(60°) = 86.6025

(i) vector a⃗ + b⃗:

(a⃗ + b⃗)_x = a_x + b_x = 50 + 50 = 100
(a⃗ + b⃗)_y = a_y + b_y = 86.6025 + 86.6025 = 173.205

Magnitude of a⃗ + b⃗ = sqrt ((a⃗ + b⃗) x2 + (a⃗ + b⃗)y2)

= sqrt((100)2 + (173.205)2)
≈ 200 units

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 (ii) Difference vector 2a⃗ - 3b⃗:
(2a⃗ - 3b⃗)_x = (2a⃗)_x - (3b⃗)_x
= (2 x 50) - (3 x 50)
= 100 - 150 = -50
(2a⃗ - 3b⃗)_y = (2a⃗)_y - (3b⃗)_y
= (2 x 86.6025) - (3 x 86.6025)
= 173.205 - 259.808 = -86.603

Magnitude of 2a⃗ - 3b⃗ = ((2a⃗ - 3b⃗)_x2 + (2a⃗ - 3b⃗)_y2)

= ((-50)2 + (-86.603)2)
≈ 100 units

c) Total area under the graph = ½ (12x5) + ½ (10-5)12

= 60m

Object between t = 1 s and t = 8 s,

Total Time = 8 s – 1s

Total Distance = Initial Velocity × Total Time

= 12 m/s × 7 s
= 84 m

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

= 84 m  7s
= 12 m/s

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QUESTION 2

a. increase the speed of the car from 20 km/h to 60 km/h by pressing on the accelerator,
the kinetic energy of the car increases.
KE = 0.5 x m x v2
when the car is traveling at 20 km/h, 20 km/h = (20 * 1000) m / (3600 s) ≈ 5.56 m/s
then increase the speed to 60 km/h, 60 km/h = (60 * 1000) m / (3600 s) ≈ 16.67 m/s
KE_initial = 0.5 * m * v_initial^2
KE_final = 0.5 * m * v_final^2

Comparing the initial and final kinetic energies, we can observe that the final kinetic
energy will be greater than the initial kinetic energy because the velocity has
increased based on the kinetic energy formula.

In other words, when you press on the accelerator and increase the speed of the car,
the kinetic energy increases because the car is now moving faster. The increase in
kinetic energy corresponds to an increase in the car's ability to do work or its capacity
to cause change.
b. No, I disagree with his sketch. The sketch of the graph by Sam’s is the relationship
between power (P) developed by motor and time (t) would likely show a constant
value of power over time. Since the effects of friction are neglected, the motor would
generate a constant force, which means that the power output would remain
consistent over time.

The graph should have power (P) plotted on the y-axis and time (t) plotted on the x-
axis. Where the line representing power would be horizontal and flat, indicating that
the power remains the same regardless of time. This signifies that the motor is
generating a constant amount of power continuously but Sam’s draw a curve line that
increase over time.

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 The sketch might resemble a straight line parallel to the x-axis, indicating a constant
power output. It demonstrates that the motor's efficiency is maintained throughout
the entire duration of operation, with the power generated by the motor remaining
constant irrespective of how much time has passed like the Figure 1 below. It does
not vary with time since the effects of friction are neglected.

Figure 1

c. To estimate the maximum height that the 0.8 kg ball will rise up the incline after the
collision. In this scenario, the system consists of the two metallic balls. Initially, the
0.5 kg ball is at point A, and the 0.8 kg ball is at rest at point B. The 0.5 kg ball will
slide down the smooth curved incline and collide with the 0.8 kg ball at point B.

Before the collision (point A):

GPE = mgh
where m = 0.5 kg,
g is the acceleration due to gravity ≈ 9.8 ms-2)
h =1 m

GPE_A = 0.5 kg x 9.8 ms-2 x 1 m = 4.9 Joules

After the collision (point B):

After the collision, the two balls will move together as a single system. Since the
collision is elastic and no kinetic energy is lost, the total mechanical energy of the
system is conserved.

TME = KE + GPE

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Before the collision (at point A), the only energy present is the GPE, which is 4.9
Joules. After the collision (at point B), the energy is divided between the kinetic
energy and the increased GPE.

Since no external forces are acting on the system during the collision, the total
mechanical energy remains constant. Therefore,
TME_A = TME_B
GPE_A = KE_B + GPE_B

4.9 Joules = KE_B + GPE_B

combined mass is 0.5 kg + 0.8 kg = 1.3 kg.

KE_B = (1/2) x m_total x v2

KE_B = (1/2) x 1.3 kg x v2

4.9 Joules = (1/2)x 1.3 kg x v^2 + GPE_B

At point B, the height reached by the 0.8 kg ball is the maximum height h_max.

GPE_B = m * g * h_max

Substituting the values:

4.9 Joules = (1/2) * 1.3 kg * v^2 + 0.8 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * h_max

We can rearrange the equation to solve for h_max:

h_max = (4.9 Joules - (1/2) * 1.3 kg * v^2) / (0.8 kg * 9.8 m/s^2)

To find the value of v, we need to use the principle of conservation of momentum.

Since no external forces are acting during the collision, the total momentum before
and after the collision is conserved.

Before the collision:

momentum_A = m_A x v_A
momentum_A = 0.5 kg x 0 m/s = 0 kg·m/s (since the 0.5 kg ball is at rest)

After the collision:

momentum_B = momentum_A
momentum_B = (0.5 kg + 0.8 kg) x v

Solving for v:
v = 0 kg·m/s / (0.5 kg + 0.8 kg)
v ≈ 0 m/s

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h_max = (4.9 Joules - (1/2) x 1.3 kg x (0 m/s) 2) / (0.8 kg x 9.8 m/s2)

h_max ≈ 0.627 m

Therefore, the estimated maximum height that the 0.8 kg ball will rise up the incline
after the collision is approximately 0.627 m.

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QUESTION 3
a) Since, diameter air bubble increase from 8mm to 8.5mm
Therefore, D1 = 8mm = 0.008m, r1 = D1 2 = 0.008m 2 = 0.004m
D2 = 8mm = 0.0085m, r2 = D2 ÷2 = 0.0085m ÷2 = 0.00425m
Where  r changes = (0.00425-0.004) m = 0.00025m
Thus, air bubble volume changes V using sphere
V= 4/3π r3
V1 = 4/3π r3
= 4/3 (3.142) (4x10-3)3
= 2.68083 x 10-7

V2 = 4/3π r3
= 4/3 (3.142) (4.25x10-3)3
= 3.21555 x 10-7

ΔP = P2 - P1

The pressure difference ΔP is equal to the pressure due to the weight of the water column
above the air bubble.
ΔP = ρ_water * g * h
Where:
ρ_water is the density of water (approximately 1000 kg/m³)
g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s²)
h is the depth of the water tank

Since the air bubble rises to the surface, the pressure at the surface,
P2 = P0
Assuming the temperature remains constant,
P1 V1 = P2 V2
P1 V1 = P0 V2
P1 = (P0 V2) / V1
Thus,

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 ΔP = P2 - P1
= P0 - (P0 * V2) / V1

Since ΔP = ρ_water x g x h
ρ_water x g x h = P0 - (P0 V2) / V1
h = (P0 - (P0 * V2) / V1) / (ρ_water x g)
h = (P0 - (P0 x 3.21555 x 10-7) / (2.68083 * 10-7)) / (1000 kg/m³ x 9.8 m/s²)

b) Given 50g of steam at 100°C→ 100g of Ice + 200g Water at 0°C

H2O (gas)(1atm)
1966 J/kg K

Water (H2O) (solid-ice)

4217J/kg K

Water (H2O) (liquid)

4184 J/kg K

Total Mass = 350g

3876.57 J/kg K

Heating the ice to its melting point

T = 0°C, m = 100 g ,the specific heat capacity of ice is approximately 2.09 J/g°C.
Q1 = mlv
Q1 = (100 g) × (2.09 J/g°C) × (0°C - 0°C) = 0 J

Melting the ice

Ice at 0°C, m = 100g the specific latent heat of fusion for ice is 334 J/g.

Q1 = mlf
Q2 = (100 g) × (334 J/g) = 33,400 J

Heating the water to the final temperature

H2O, T= 0°C, m = 200g, the specific heat capacity of water is ≈4.18 J/g°C.
Q3 = (200 g) × (4.18 J/g°C) × (T - 0°C) = 836 J(T - 0°C)

Vaporizing the steam

The steam, T= 100°C condensed into water, T=100°C
The specific latent heat of vaporization for steam ≈2260 J/g.

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The heat released during the condensation of m= 50 g of steam is:
Q4 = (50 g) × (2260 J/g) = 113,000 J

principle of energy conservation, the heat gained by the mixture of ice and water is
equal to the heat lost by the steam. Therefore,

Q1 + Q2 + Q3 = Q4

0 J + 33,400 J + 836 J(T - 0°C) = 113,000 J

33,400 J + 836 J(T - 0°C) = 113,000 J

836 J(T - 0°C) = 113,000 J - 33,400 J

836 J(T - 0°C) = 79,600 J

T - 0°C = 79,600 J / (836 J/g°C)

T = 95.22°C

Therefore, the final temperature of the mixture ≈ 95.22°C.

Assumptions:
• We assumed there is no heat loss to the surroundings.
• We neglected any temperature change during phase transitions (melting and
vaporization). This assumption is valid as long as the process occurs at constant
pressure.
• We considered the specific heat capacities and latent heat values to be constant
over the given temperature range.
• We assumed no other reactions or energy exchanges occurred during the process.

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PART II: Online Class Participation
i.) Posting 1

Figure 7: Posting 1 Question 1

ii.) Posting 2

Figure 8: Posting 2 Question 1

iii.) Posting 3

Figure 9: Posting 3 Question 1

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iv.) Posting 4

Figure 11: Posting 4 Question 2

v.) Posting 5

Figure 12: Posting 5 Question 2

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REFERENCES
Dr Siti Hendon Sheikh Abdullah, Hafshah Muhammad (2022). SBPH1103 Physic,
Centre for Instructional Design and Technology, OUM.

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