Quick Revision Chapter : Current and Electricity HMy Pees nt)- Conductors connected with Battery 'Q-=fdq = fj 2e7at —————T i i A 3 i tA 2t+ 1 eae dead partie ern 1292 6¢+2 pper graph area = +ve ; : an Ot? ; Lower graph are; 4 nee i Att=1s 1=8A ilar = Q,/1 STae a Ea | y i a Se ETM Lag ‘|, /) i Peres een fi tDS oes] ‘Average speed with which eet era Cima Relation Between Current & Drift Velocity n= Carrier density no. of free e~ Chee Al arge _ nAle _ r ' due) fe neAvg' o 6 * ne2AE: Ry 6 & T=neVyh= = Bs 1 v I TeOE Ciecterfom) 2” ® 4 I Corday * ml i * mL} V=IRohm'slaw | Unit R(ohm) 2 neta ni 1 pom Resistance = R = —— G0-1,S, mho Resistivity p = —— om", Sm™ nee (cre Current den: ao oe J=5 orJ- Vector Qty Dir Same of Current 1=J,Ay+ |y Ay + Jz Ac Finding Current. J = Variablenparticles each Carrying Charge & pass per Sec per unit Areal I= ngA * If there are n particles per unit volume each having charge q moving with velocity then Ratonese nS Current through Cross 4 take travelled by I Sectional area Ais |= ne Av oe battery Areat Jl vl EL ° ° * ° ‘ Charge q moving with Speed in P(b-a) RadiusR T= vy ‘amab ant in + Ohmic Nonohmic oe follows V «I Does not follow V «1 Resistance =R=p£ My \4 a % LengthRat AreaRa + 1 1 % Nature of cond Ra + 1 Senconducoy 2% TempRa zat Conductor does not get Charged # A= Area faced by Current oles oe R=R, [1+a AT] a= Current through Resistor is Constant once it is Connected to | Recor. Shea chonge f Tenp Car x % for semiconductor 7 higher Temp R=R,[l+a AT + BAT] Css"WW Curent isSame Veo «Veo | © Voltage may bea sii Vener, 4 R,=R,+Ry —y— Resistor R= nR ake) ae Kase ae Vis same Current may be diff eee eee ee @ InSeries Total R is greater than max Resistor 4 In Parallel total R is Smaller than Smallest value. anemia Ro@(2n- 8) e Vottagedividey f Lvl — shortcke TOR + Khali wire par potential same Rahta hai Pos, = IfPos passes through A&B overlap ckt, they are in Parallel. Pos; = If Pos passes 1 to A & B Incoming ‘current is reflected, HE Use Superimposition % principle.(Base nn ee coma) Po ne eee one ec oy Does not depend on : Area of plate, dist, between, Electrodes, quantity Pec) eon ee eee ee eC en eee CnC Ideal Battery, sr Open:E i = OEE, =B, +E ‘Series Comb Parallel Comb : Beg Ei , Ee Feq M1 Ley RealBatiery + rer, +r, roenm ! Open Ct: E cant, | Close CKT Eeq Es _ Fa Charging Teq fi a VeBsIR nidentical Ey=nE rp=nr a re rere j nare in Series m are wrongly 4 5 Conn i We iY ih! tg, =n - 2mE ry=nr i E discharging i g V=E-IRi Mixed Groping : Rene or = aaRk = {When net internal r of batten’s = net External Resistance of Ckt % Krichoff’s Voltage Law + Conservation of Energy + Loop Law 4 Net Voltage drop across all components in a loop is zero. ® dee ee a! Loy ‘Loy Loop Loop a) se “i ® ne ge eae 1 coe ¥44 fb w€) 2 . bn Krichoff's Current Law Conservation of charge Net Current at any junction is zero. Incoming Current Outgoing Current Ip CT -h+h+h+h= Junction Law. For Questions = ‘distribute Current in Circuit, You can Take Current from one battery & distribute in Ckt or take Current from multiple battery and distribute don’t violate KCL. Take any loop in any dir. Take any starting point and write Equation for Complete Loop. Follow sign. Convention. Open Loop KVL (To find pot difference between any two points of Ckt) Vearing point + Et IR = Voat point + You decide starting and end point. 4 You can take any Path + Follow Sign Convention.Ban aay Re Ry NoCurrentin Ry £ ® Ve=Vy % i Remove R; (R@RIORGR,) Imp. Z 1 ad = VeVe. IY % "Unbalanced WSB.® x0 , x-100 aa aa y-100 Teorey Solvex= ,y= io9) Ir Meter Bridge ‘> Find Value of unknown resistance using standard known Resistance. Concept of balanced WSB Wheatstone Bridge — a @ at Null Point {i]t 5 a R, (00-1) Rk Wt atNull Point, =0 Amie Inend Correction“ -——7 Away F ee me 21972, oe Tt? bResistance are interchanged” > Ry 100-148, Calaulah ~ $B = . tsa {and Correction given 5 Sea Medea Ty By at, a0s00-1) “= + srvor analysed = fa Scare ‘Acloo-L) Least error at mid pointa ~ 7 Works on Null Point g ~ Potentiometer ® Better than voltmeter’ “ Measure pot using pot gradient evar Cire RE R (R+ryb afnulfpoint 4 Current exchange between primary & Secondary @ & Atnull point Vwire Applications (A) Comparison of two EMF = (B) Internal Resistance of cell r (©) Finding potacrossR = leating Effect * e collision with atoms during flow Loss of Energy as heat. $ H=PRt=vit="t Unit : Joules “+ Heat dissipated is independent of direction of Current. + Power : Rate of doing work (Loss of heat > Light) work _ Heat 2 02 dee) (Series) eenaro When connected with battery @ tao (t)e mm LOS\ Tax OF Prax Where Rex B_ & B= Pax P 10pw GoW More power less @ n0v.110V i| brightness LA ‘ For Mixed Ckt Py=P, +P, ‘ Tungsten filament View ow GOW 1 o Rat More power more * R=Const SOV -220V Rot ed brightness > HighmeltingPoint — Calewate. nC menage cael end cae 4 Calculate Current in Each R =P + Py = Rated Power Sdcmeaeeaiene 16 Nii tated Voltoge 4 More Power in Ckt more brightmessIn Questions attso —4k- = —— Att=o —+4P— = —ee— In discharging Att=0. ak, aelne When not Connected with Resistance ce @. +0 Hs Ge ¢ c But in combination with resistance This growth & decay is not sudden he = 4 Q\c2V Charging of Capacitor Steady State t= SC a=cvfi-ew] ® p29 a= One (ieee sallras—) focscy T=RC (time const) i Time for 63% charged = -t/RE ene Time for, 63% discharged : | eas I= [eve Vv S— » Discharging of Capacitor = QevRE = CV VRC v 7c =¥ 9-t/RC T=he = heCalculation of time Constant Open Capacitor Short the battery Find Ruy Calculation of V., Open Capacitor Distribute Current Write open loop KVL Find Vy-Vp Find Equivalent Circuit R, Cc For Multiple Capacitor Only steady state { Calculate potential across Cap t Open Ckt ' Distribute Current i Write open loop KVL from 4 t» 1Q=C(V,-Va) ie =2cv? =2C(V,— Va)?