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Math Reviewer

The document defines formulas for arithmetic and geometric sequences and series. It provides the general formulas for finding the nth term and calculating the sum of finite and infinite arithmetic and geometric series. Key terms defined include sequence, series, nth term, common difference, common ratio, and formulas for arithmetic and geometric means.

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Neil Sedan
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16 views3 pages

Math Reviewer

The document defines formulas for arithmetic and geometric sequences and series. It provides the general formulas for finding the nth term and calculating the sum of finite and infinite arithmetic and geometric series. Key terms defined include sequence, series, nth term, common difference, common ratio, and formulas for arithmetic and geometric means.

Uploaded by

Neil Sedan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FORMULA LIST

Arithmetic Sequence Geometric Sequence


an = a1 + (n - 1)d an = a1 ⋅ r(n-1)

Arithmetic Series Geometric Series


𝑛
Sn = 2 (a1 + an)
(when an is given) (finite series)

Geometric Series
Arithmetic Series
𝑛
Sn = 2 [2a1 + (n-1)d]
(when an is not given but d is)
(infinite series, where |r | < 1)
NOTES
Sequences
● Succession of numbers in a specific order
● Terms are formed according to a fixed rule or property
● Term: each number in a sequence
● Finite Sequence: sequence having a definite number of terms
○ ex. {2, 6, 10, 14, 18}
● Infinite Sequence: sequence having an infinite number of terms
○ ex. {1, 3, 5, 7, 11, ... }
● Extremes: first and last term of a sequence
● Means: terms between the extremes

Forming Sequences Given an Equation


● Sequences are usually given by stating their general or nth term
● Substitute n by the term number to find the nth term

Series
● Indicated sum of the terms in a sequence
● Sequence: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Series: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
● Denoted by Sn, where n = number of terms
● Value of the Series: simplified sum of a series for a specific value of n

Summation Notation
● Uppercase Sigma (Σ)
● Greek letter “S” for “sum”
● The summation on the right reads “The sum of 2n as n goes from 1 to 6”
○ S6 = 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 = 42

Factorial
● ! sign
● n! = n x (n - 1) x … x 1
○ ex. 4! = 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 24

Arithmetic Sequence
● Same number is added to any term to get the next term
● an = a1 + (n - 1)d
○ an = last term (nth term)
○ a1 = first term
○ n = number of terms
○ d = common difference
■ Found by subtracting any term from its preceding term (a2 - a1)
Arithmetic Means
● Terms of an arithmetic sequence between 2 given terms
○ ex. 2, 5, 8, 11, 14

Arithmetic Series
● Sum of an arithmetic series
𝑛
● Sn = 2
(a1 + an) (when an is given)
𝑛
● Sn = 2
[2a1 + (n-1)d] (when an is not given but d is)
○ Sn = value of the series
○ an = last term (nth term)
○ a1 = first term
○ n = number of terms
○ d = common difference

Geometric Sequence
● Same ratio is multiplied to any term to get the next term
● an = a1 ⋅ r(n-1)
○ an = last term (nth term)
○ a1 = first term
○ n = number of terms
○ r = common ratio
■ Found by dividing any term from its preceding term (a2 / a1)

Geometric Means
● Terms of an geometric sequence between 2 given terms
○ ex. 2, 6, 18, 54, 162

Geometric Series
● Sum of a geometric series
● Sn = a1 ⋅ (1 - rn)
1-r (finite series)
● Sn = a1
1-r (infinite series, where |r | < 1) (tip: |r | < 1 in other words is “-1 < r < 1”)

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