EXERCISE PROBLEMS

1. If the pressure
3 m below the free surface of a
liquid is 140
KPa, calculate its specific weight and specific gravity.
2. If the pressure at a point in the ocean is 1400 KPa, what
is the pressure 30 m below this point? The specific gravity
of salt water is 1.03.
3. An open vessel contains carbon tetrachloride. -1.50 ) to
a depth of 2 m and water
above this liquid to a depth of
1.30 m. What is the pressure at the bottom?
are equivalent to a pressure of
4. How many meters of water
mercury?
100 KPa? How many cm of
 5. What is the equivalent pressure in KPa corresponding to one
meter of air at 15°C under standard atmospheric conditión8?
6 At sea level a mercury barometer reads 750 mm and at the
same time on the top ot a mountain another mercury baro-
meter reads 745 mm. The temperature of the air is assumed
constant at 15°C and its specific weight assumed uniform
at 12 N/m°. Determine the height of the mountain.
7. At ground level the atmospheric pressure is 101.3 KPa at
15 C. Calculate the pressure at a point 6500 m above the
ground, assuming (a) no density variation, (b) an isothermal
variation of density with pressure.
8. If the barometer reads 755 em of mercury, what absolute
pressure corresponds to a gage pressure of 130 KPa?
9 Determine the absolute pressure corresponding to a vacuum
of 30 cm of mercury when the barometer reads 750 mm of
mercuryy.
10. Fig. A shows two closed compartments filled with air. Gage
(1) reads 210 KPa, gage (2) reads - 25 cm of mercury. What is
the reading at gage (3)? Barometric pressure is 100 KPa.
11 If the pressure in a gas tank is 2.50 atmospheres, find the
pressure in KPa and the pressure head in meter of water.
12. The gage at the suction side of a pump shows a vacuum of
25 cm of mercury. Compute (a) pressure head in meter of
water, (b) pressure in KPa, (c) absolute pressure in KPa if
the barometer reads 755 cm of mercury.

(1) (2)
(3)

FIGURE A
 13. 55
O1 of sp.
gravity 0.80 is being pumped. A
located downstream of pressure gage
the pressure head the pump reads 280 KPa. What 1s
14. in meter of oil?
The pressure of the
air inside a tank
water is 20 KPa
absolute. containing air ana
a
point 1.5 m below the water Determine the gage pressureat
surface. Assume standard
15. atmospheric pressure.
A piece of timber 3 m
section is placed in a long and having a 30 cm by 30 cm

the timber body of water in a vertical position. If

weighs6.5KN/m° what vertical force is
to hold it with
its upper end flush with the required
16. A glass tube 1.60 water surface?
m long and
inserted vertically into a tank having
a diameter of 2.5 cm is
of oil (sp. gravity 0.80)
the open end down and the closed end with
open end is submerged 1.30 m from uppermost. If the
the oil surface, deter-
mine the height to which the
oil will rise in the tube. Assume
barometric pressure is 100 KPa and
17. A gas holder at sea level contains neglect vapor pressure.
illuminating gas undera
pressure equivalent to 5 cm of water. What
of water is expected in a pressure in cm
distributing pipe at a point 160 mn
above sea level? Consider standard
sea level and assume the unit
atmospheric pressure at
weights of air and gas to be
constant at all elevations with values of 12 N/m and 6
N/m°,
respectively.
18. If the barometric pressure is 758 mm of mercury, calculate
the value of h of Fig. B.
19. The manometer of Fig. C is tapped to a pipeline carrying
oil (sp: gravity 0.85). Determine the pressure at the center
of the pipe.
20. Determine the gage reading of the manometer system of Fig.
D.
21. In Fig. E, caleulate the pressure at point m.
22. In Fig. ¥, find the pressure and pressure head ar point m:
Fluid A is oil (s 0.90), fluid B is carbon tetrachloride (s
1.50) and fluid C is air.
Compute the gage and absolute pressures at point m of Fig.
23.
G: Fluids A and C are air, fluid B is mercury.
The pressure at point m is increased from 70 KPa to 105
24.
KPa. This causes the top level of mercury to move 20 cm in
the sloping tube. What is the inclination 0? Fig. H.
 56
gage reads
-25cmn

suction

mercuryY h

FIGUREB
mercurY

75 cm
oil

150 cm

FIGUREC

Air

20 cm
Water
3m

gage

mercurY

FIGURE D
 57
water liquid (s1.60)

m
4 55 cm

30 cm

FIGUREE
C B

60 cm

/U
HH

FIGUREF
45 cm

2 cm

6 cm

FIGURE G
 58

water

m
mercury

FIGURE HH
25. In Fig. I, determine the elevation of the
liquid surface in each
piez ometer.
26. In Fig. J, fluid A is water, fluid B is oil (s= 0.85). Determine
the pressure difference between points m and n.

EL 7m

s 0.75)
EL 4.5 m

EL 4.35
(s2 1.00)

EL2.15 EL 2 m
m

(sa 1.50)

EL O

FIGUREI
 59

88 cm
170 cm
m

FIGUREJ A
B
12 mm

3mm
36 cm

FIGUREL
12 cm 40 cm

27. In Fig. K. determine PmP

In Fig. L, fluid A has a specific gravity of 0.90 and fluid B has
28.
a specific gravity of 3.00. Determine the pressure at point m.
Tf the pressure at m obtained trom Prob. 28 is increased by
29. 7 KPa, how many cm will fluid B rise in the 12 mm tube?
In Fig. M, fluid A i gasoHne (s 0.70), fuid B is mercury.
30. Find the pressure head dirterence between points m and n
In Fig. N, x 25 cm initialy. If the pressure at m is increased
31. 3 5 KPa while maintaining the pressure at n constant,
value of x.
calculate the new
 water

105 cm 90 cm
45 cm 52 cm
65 cm

mercury

FIGUREK
32. 61
Th diameters
The of the
are 7.5 cm cylinders of the hydraulic jack of Fig.
and 60
gured to
cm, respectively,
maintain equilibrium if the load
What force F is re-
33.
A cm pipe is connected with the end of a weighs 35 KN?a
diameter of 50 cm. There is cylinder having
a piston in the
in the cylinder, the space between pipe and apiston
being filled with ou
(S0.80)., The larger piston is connected by a rod with a
cm piston in a
third pipe, the two pipes and
having their cylinder
axes horizontal and colinear. A force of 100
1s applied to
the piston in the first pipe. What pressure 15
N
effected in the third pipe?
34. ASSuming normal barometric pressure, how deep is the ocean
at a point where an
air bubble, upon reaching the surface,
has six times the volume that
it had at the bottom? Specifie
gravity of sea water is 1.03.
35. A bottle consisting of a cylinder 30 cm in diameter and 30
cm high, has a neck 5 cm in diameter and 30 cm long. If the
bottle, filled with air under normal atmospheric condition, is
inverted and submerged in water until the neck is just filled
with water, find the depth to which the open end is sub-
merged. Neglect vapor pressure.

water

mercury
X

60 cm

.
2m

n
FIGUREN
62

1m 20 cm

pivot

7 m load
2

oil (s =
0.85)
FIGURE Oo
 528

CHAPTER 2: PRINcIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS

ERRATAA
1. Problem 10 (Using Figure A) on Page 54 has "incomplete"
data.
2 Problem 18 (Using Figure B) on Page 55 has "incomplete"
data.
3.
3. Problem 30 on Page 59 lacks the specified Figure M.

IL ANSWERS TO EXERCISE PROBLEMS (Pages 53 62)

1. 46.67 KN /m;4.76

2. 1,703 KPa

3. 42.20 KPa

4 10.20m (water): 75 cm (Hg)

5. 12 Pa

6. 55.60 m

7. (a) 23.30 KPa (b) 47 KPa

88. 230.70 KPa

9 60 KPa

11. 253.25 KPa 25.80 m

(c) 67.40 KPa

12 (a) 3.40 m b)33.35KPa
13. 35.70 m

14 66.60 KPPa

15. 894 N