EXERCISE PROBLEMS

1. Oil of specific gravity of 0.72 flows through a 7.5 cm dia

meter orifice with Cy = 0.95, C, 0.65. What must be the
pressure of the air on the surface so that the jet's available
power is 6 KW? See Fig. D.

A cylindrical tank 1 m in diameter and 3 m high contains

1 m of water, 1.20 m of oil (s 0.80) and air under a pres
sure of 16 KPa. Find the theoretical velocity of the jet
through a 5cm diameter orifice 30 cm above the bottom
of the tank.

What will be the discharge through a 2.5 cm orifice (C =

0.61) in the bottom of a tank moving upward with an accele
ration of 3 m/s if water stands 2.50 m over the orifice?

4 In Fig. A, Pi =
70 KPa, p, 5KPa, Cc 1.00, Cy 0.95,
D 6 cm, h = 1.80 m (liquid with s=2.5 ). Find the actual
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flow through the orifice, To double the discharge, what must
be P, assuming P, is' unchanged?

5. The horizontal orifice of Fig. B has a diameter of 10 cm with

C 0.60, Cy 0,97. When h-2.50m.what pressure, applied
on the surface, will. cause the jet to rise 20 cm higher than
the free surface?

6. In Fig. C, D, = 5 cm and C - 0.62, Cy = 0.98. The liquid is

oil (s= 0.80) and stands 4 m in the piezometer above the

pipe's centerline. Compute the flow and the velocity of the
jet.
7. A sharp-edged orifice in a 30 deg plane has its vena con-
tracta at EL 10.7 m. If the w.S. in the tank is at EL 15.25 m
and the top of the jet is at EL 14 m, find the velocity and
the coefficient of velocity.

8. In Fig. E is a submerged orifice. Find the theoretical velo-

city of the jet.

9. Fig. F shows a cylinder weighing 780 N and is empty at the

time the orifice is opened. Neglecting the thickness of the
cylinder walls, determine the weight of the anchor if the
cylinder sinks 1 m in 2 minutes. The specific weight of the
anchor is 23.54 KN/m3.

10. A cylindrical vessel 1.20 m in diameter and 2 m high has a

rounded circular orifice 5 cm in diameter in the bottom with
C 0.95. If the vessel is full of water, how long will it take
to lower the surface 1.50 m?

11, A vertical cylindrical tank has an orifice for its outlet. When
the water surface in the tank is 5 m above the orifice, the
surface can be lowered 4 m in 20 minutes, the pressure on
the surface being atmospheric. What uniform air pressure
must be applied to the surface if the same volume,of water
is to be discharged in 10 minutes?
324

PI

FIGURE A

W.S.

1m

Detu

FIGUREB

15 cm
3 w m

FIGUREC
 326

O.S. P1

h 3 m

FIGURE D
W.S. P30KP
P2-10KPa

h 4m w.S.

1.60m

FIGUREE

60cm

W.S.

iL anchor

FIGURE F
orlfice A13cm2
C 0.00
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section shown in Fig. G is
12. A swimming pool with plan and
filled with water. It has two short tubes
both with diameter
Find the
20 cm and C- 0.80 located at the lowest point.
tubes.
time needed to empty the pool through these

3. In Fig. H is shown a tank 1.5 m by 1.6 m horizontal section

and 3 m high with two orifices (C 0.60) both 10 cm in dia
60 cm apart. (a) How much water must be sup.
meter and
plied to the tank to keep it always full? (b) If this supply is
cut off, how long wil it take the water surdace to lower
1.20 m?

14. A rectangular suppressed weir 1.20m high extends across a

rectangular_channel 3 m wide. If the measured head is 40
cm, determine the discharge using the Francis formula.

15. A rectangular channel 6

wide has a depth of 1 m flowing
m
with a mean velocity of 0.75 m/s. Determine the
a rectangular
height of
suppressed weir that will increase the depth
of water in the channel to 1.60 m.

16. A rectangular suppressed weir 1m high extends across

a rec-
tangular channel 6 m wide in which the flow is 2.80 m3/s.
Determine the depth of water upstream from the
weir.
17. A rectangular contracted weir 2 long discharges water
m
under a head of 0.50
Francis correction.
m.
Compute the discharge using the
18. In a river 20 m wide,
having an average depth of 1 m and a
mean velocity of 0.35 m/s, a
10 m contracted rectangular weir
long is to be constructed.
the weir. Determine the head
ove
19. A rectangular contracted
of weir 3 long is built in the center
m
rectangular channel 6 m
a
wide, How high is the weir
the depth of water it
1.15 m/s? upstream is 1 m when the discharge 1is
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1.6 m by 1.5 m
W.S (t - 0)

1.20m
orifice (1)

0.60 m

orifice (2)

FIGUREH

15 m
Plan

30 m

1.20 m Section

3m

2 tubes

FIGURE G
328 bottom and having sideslopes
trapezoidal canal, 6 m at the mean velocity
20. A of 40 cm and
water to a depth
2:1 carries contracted weir
rectangular
0.60 m/s. What length of a of the canal if
of in the middle
be placed
85 cm high should be 1.20 m?
of water upstream is to
the depth

water over 60°triangular weir if

the discharge of
21. Determine
19 cm.
the measured head is

water over a45° triangular

weir is 20 liters/s.
22. The discharge of
What is the head?

the discharge of water over a Cipolletti weir 1.60 m

23. Compute
long under a head of 26 cm.

24. A stream 24 mwide carries 1.84 m3/s of water. Determine

the resulting head over a Cipolletti weir 1m high and 4 m
long.

25. What length of Cipolletti weir should be constructed if the

neasured head will not exceed 50 cm when the discharge is|
t3.40 m/s?
26) A rectangular suppressed weir under a constant head of 10
em feeds a tank containing a 7.5 cm diameter orifice. The
weir is 60 cm long. The head lost in the orifice is 0.60 J/N
and C 0.65. Determine the head to which the water will
rise above the orifice. Also find the value of C

27. A rectangular suppressed weir 80 cm high is built across a

rectangular flume 10 m wide. The measured head is 40 cm
of water. Some distance
upstream is another rectangular weir
having a height of 1.10 m. The measured.head on the second
weir is 50 em. Find the length of the second
weir.
8 During a test on a 245 cm long rectangular suppressed weir
which was 100 cm high, the head
was maintained constant
at 30 cm. In 38
sec, 28.80 m of water were collected. Find
the correction
factor C.
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29. The flow in a
rectangular channel
3 m wide is constant. A
depth of 2 m is maintained by a rectangular weir 1 m long
by 1.60 m high. This weir is to be replaced by a rectangular
suppressed weir which will maintain the same depth. What
height of weir is required asSsuming C' = 0.62 for both weirs?
30 A concrete spillway with permanent crest elevation at 100 m
controls a reservoir 4.65 hectares in
area. Determine the
length of the spillway if, by removing flashboards, water
can be lowered from El 102 m to El 101 m in 30 minutes.
Use C1.94.
31.A 90° V-notch weir is located at one end of atank
having à
square section 10 m by 10 m. If the initial head on the
weir is 1.20 m, how long will it take to
of water over the weir?
discharge 100 m

32. A reservoir having a constant horizontal sectional area of

1860 m discharges water over a Cipolletti weir,
the initial
head being 40 cm. How long is the crest if 1800 sec are
required to lower the water level in the reservoir by 35 em?
33. Determine the probable capacity of a concrete pipe culvert
1.20 m in diameter and 12 m long discharging under a head
of 1.60 m. The entrance is square-cornered.

84. What diameter of a concrete pipe culvert 16 m long with

beveled-lip entrance should be installed to carry 14 m/s
of water if the difference in water surface elevations at the
two ends of the culvert is 2.5m?

35. An overflow masonry dam is to be

constructed across a
stream. The stream is estimated to have a maximum flood
discharge of 850 m*/s when the elevation of the water sur-
face is 345 m at the dam site. Six sluice gates each 2.5 m
high and 2 m wide are to be constructed in the dam with
their sills at elevation 342 m. The main overflow weir for
which C 1.45 will be 60 m long with a crest elevation at
360 m. An auxillary weir 180 m long with a crest elevation
at 361 m will operate during floods. For this weir C 1,88.
With all the sluice gates open, what will be the surface eleva-
tion upstream of the dam when the discharge is 850 m3/s?