CS602-Computer

Graphics
(Solved MCS’s)
LECTURE FROM
(23 to 45)
[email protected] FOR MORE VISIT JUNAID MALIK
[email protected]
VULMSHELP.COME 0304-1659294
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1. Computer graphics and computer vision are disciplines.

 Related
 Interrelated
 Same
 Different
2. OpenGL has become the industry's most widely used and supported
_ graphics application
programming interface (API), bringing thousands of applications to a wide variety
of computer
 platforms.
 Dimensional
 Dimensional
 2 Dimensional and 3-Dimensional
3. sets the reshape callback for the current window.
 glutIdle function
 glutKeyboardFunc
 glutReshapeFunc
 glutDisplayFunc
4. _sets the global idle callback to be ‘func’ so a GLUT program can
perform background
processing tasks or continuous animation when window system events are not
being received.
 glutIdle function
 glutKeyboardFunc
 glutReshapeFunc
 glutDisplayFunc

5. X2/a2 – y2/b2 =1 is an equation of

 Hyperbola Page no : 70
 Parabola
 None of given
 Ellipse
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6. To modify the object shape, shearing transformation cannot be used.

 False Page no : 124

 True

7. Rotation is performed around a fixed point called .

 Pivot
 Point
 rotation Page no : 114

8. Computer graphics is very helpful in producing graphical representations for

scientific visualization and analysis

 True
 False

9. Save a line with both endpoints inside all clipping boundaries.

 Trivial Reject
 Trivial Accept Page no : 137
 None of given

10.Dark lights are nothing more than lights in which one or more of the color
values are _ . Unknown

 Negative Page no : 230

 Positive Zero

11.A series of _ computer operations convert an object's three-dimensional

coordinates to pixel positions on the screen. Transformations, which are
represented by matrix multiplication, include modeling, viewing, and projection
operations. Such operations include rotation, translation, scaling, reflecting,
orthographic projection, and perspective projection.

 Three Page no : 366

 Two
 Four
 Ten
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12. At a physical surface, our eye's perception of the color depends on the
distribution of photon energies that arrive and trigger our cells.

 Eye Retina
 Cone Page no : 393

12. This projection technique has the direction of projection perpendicular to the
viewing plane, but the viewing direction is NOT perpendicular to one of the
principle faces.

Orthographic Parallel Projection

 Axonometric Parallel Projection Page no : 189

 Oblique Parallel Projection

13. The Phong reflection model simplifies light-matter interactions into

(essentially) 4 vectors and a number of constants. Which piece of the Phong model
is responsible for giving spheres their bright white spots?

 Specular Page no : 234

 Ambient
 Diffuse

14. In the Phong Reflection model, light is the same everywhere.

 Ambient
 Diffuse
 Specular
 Emissive

15.A plane is two dimensional since in order to uniquely define any point on its
surface we require _ numbers.

 Two
 Three
 Four
 Five
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16. In perspective projection, for your view to come out correctly, you will also
want the to pass through the middle of the screen.

 X axis
 Y axis
 Z axis Page no : 195
 None

17. Neither floating-point nor signed integer values are clamped to the range
_ _ before updating the current color.

 0 , -1.0
 -1 , 1
 1 , -1

0, 1 Page no : 316

18. Bezier curve is the ideal standard for representing the piecewise
polynomial curves. Most complex

 Less complex
 None of given
 More complex Page no : 333

19. An object's determine its orientation relative to the light sources. For
each vertex, OpenGL uses the assigned normal to determine how much light that
particular vertex receives from each light source.

 Unit
 Normal Page no : 395
 None of given

21. Which of the following affine transforms does NOT affect vectors?

 Scale
 Rotation
 Shear
 Translation Page no : 113
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22) This projection technique does NOT have the direction of projection
perpendicular to the viewing plane.

 Orthographic Parallel Projection

 Axonometric Parallel Projection
 Oblique Parallel Projection Page no : 189

23) This projection technique has the direction of projection perpendicular to the
viewing plane, and the viewing direction is perpendicular to one of the principle
faces.

 Orthographic Parallel Projection Page no : 189

 Axonometric Parallel Projection
 Oblique Parallel Projection

24) In OpenGL, there are several different matrices. We have discussed two of
them in class. Which one of the below would be used in conjunction with a
glRotatef function call?

 GL_MODELVIEW Page no : 388

 GL_PROJECTION

25) In OpenGL, there are several different matrices. We have discussed two of
them in class. Which one of the below would be used in conjunction with
glFrustum?

 GL_MODELVIEW
 GL_PROJECTION Page no : 369

26) Which of the following is the order that geometry operations are performed in
OpenGL (where we read the order from left to right)?

 GL_PROJECTION GL_MODELVIEW Perspective division

 GL_MODELVIEW GL_PROJECTION Perspective division
 Perspective division GL_PROJECTION GL_MODELVIEW
 GL_MODELVIEW Perspective division GL_PROJECTION
 GL_PROJECTION Perspective division GL_MODELVIEW
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27) The Phong reflection model simplifies light-matter interactions into
(essentially) 4 vectors and a number of constants. Each piece of the Phong model
uses different vectors and constants. Which portion does NOT include taking a dot
product?

 Ambient Page no : 234

 Diffuse
 Specular

28) Which of the following is NOT a modern application for Computer Graphics---

 ► Stop-motion animation Page no : 6

 ► Computer Aided Geometric Design
 ► Video Games
 ► Scientific Visualization

29)Both Boundary Filling and Flood filling algorithms are non-recursive

techniques,

 False Page no : 97
 True

30) TV series are made as simply as possible from the animation point of view.
This approach is generally known as ---------------------- --.

 Full animation
 Limited animation Page no : 423
 Low animation
 High resolution

31) An eight frame run cycle that ------------------- frame/frames to each step gives a
fast and vigorous dash. At this speed the successive leg positions are quite widely
separated and may need dry brush or speed lines to make the movement flow.

 ► Two
 ► One
 ► Three
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 ► Four Page no :432

32)Reflection is the effect of reflecting light toward the direction from

which it came, no matter the orientation of the surface.

 ► Forward scattering
 ► Diffuse Lambertian
 ► Backscattering
 ► Retro Page no : 288

33)What makes this really challenging to model is that the index of refraction for
most materials is a function of the ------------------- of the light. This means that not
only is there a shift in the angle of refraction, but that the shift is different for
differing --------------- of light.

 ► Reflecting angle, Reflecting angle

 ► Refracting angle, Refracting angle
 ► Frequency, Frequency
 ► Wavelength, Wavelength Page no : 293

34) The reflected light wave turns out to be a ---------------------- case since light is
reflected at the same angle as the incident wave (when the surface is smooth and
uniform, as we'll assume for now).

 ► Abnormal
 ► Complex
 ► Simple Page no : 291
 ► Unknown

35)Tessellation can be adaptive to the degree of curvature of a surface.

 ► Local Page no : 165

 ► Static
 ► Global
 ► Variable

36) sets the reshape call back for the current window. The reshape
callback is triggered when a window is reshaped.
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 ► glutMainLoop
 ► glutIdleFunc
 ► glutReshapeFunc Page no : 307
 ► glutDisplayFunc

37) Signed integer colour components, when specified, are linearly mapped to
floating-point values such that the most positive represent able value maps to 1.0,
and the most negative represent able value maps to----------------- --. Floating-point
values are mapped directly.

 ► -1.0
 ► 0.0
 ► 2.0
 ► 1.0 Page no : 315

38) NURBS stands for-----------------------

 ► Non Universal Rational Binary Spline

 ► Non Uniform Rational Binary Splines
 ► Non Uniform Rational Beta Splines Page no :320
 ► Non Universal Rational Beta Splines
39)An orthogonal set of vectors--------------------------

 ► Must be a set of linearly independent vectors

 ► Must be a set of linearly dependent vectors
 ► Must be made up of the basis vectors (e1, e2, and e3
 ► Can be made up of any set of vectors

40) Bezier curve is numerically the ------------------------ of all the polynomial-based

curves used in these applications.

 ► None of the given

 ► Most stable
 ► Less stable
 ► Most unstable
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40. Bezier curve is the ideal standard for representing the ----------------------------
piecewise polynomial curves.

 ► None of the given

 ► Non complex
 ► Most complex
 ► More complex repeated Question No: 15

41) Keep polygon orientations consistent to make sure that when viewed from the
outside, all the polygons on the surface are oriented in the direction.

 ► None of the given

 ► Neither
 ► Different
 ► Same Page no : 340

42)The ----------------- is most simple example that exhibits the property self-
similarity.

 ► Mosse
 ► Fern Page no : 350
 ► None of the given
 ► Thohar

43) A common mistake people make when creating three-dimensional graphics is

to start thinking too soon that the final image appears on a flat, two-dimensional
screen. Avoid thinking about which pixels need to be drawn, and instead try to
visualize ------------------ space.

 ► Multi-dimensional
 ► One-dimensional
 ► Two-dimensional
 ► Three-dimensional Page no: 366

44)Which of the following properties of rational Bezier curves fails if the weight
assigned to a control point is negative?

 ► End-point interpolation
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 ► Variation Diminishing
 ► Symmetry
 ► Convex-Hull page no : 335

45)In the Phong reflection model, there are 3 constants (a, b, c) which are used to
describe the qualities of which of the following phenomena?

 ► The attenuation of a point light source with distance Page no : 285

 ► The size (in each dimension) which the light is assumed to have
 ► The amount to perturb reflection vectors as they are mirrored across the
normal
 ► The material reaction to ambient, diffuse and specular light (respectively)

46)The Phong reflection model simplifies light-matter interactions into

(essentially) 4 vectors and a number of constants. Which piece of the Phong model
is responsible for giving spheres their bright white spots?

 ► Specular repeated
 ► Diffuse
 ► Ambient

48) When you hit a surface in ray tracing, generally shadow rays are tested against
all objects in a scene. If these rays come back saying they hit an object in the
scene, which of the following do you do?

 ► add all components (i.e. ambient, diffuse and specular) from that light
source to the object.
 ► add all EXCEPT the ambient light from that light source to the object
(i.e. diffuse and specular)
 ► add only the ambient light from that light source to the object
 ► add none of the light from that light source to the object

49) The Color Space tool is a handy tool that we can use to interactively add two
colours together to see the effects of the various strategies for handling
oversaturated colours.

 ► False
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 ► True page no : 230

50) A polygon is usually defined by a sequence of -------------- and Edges.

 ► Ending lines
 ► Points
 ► Vertices Page no : 243
 ► Edges

51) Which of the following properties of Bezier curves guarantees that a line passes
through the control polygon as many times or more times than the line passes
through the Bezier curve itself?

 ► End-point interpolation
 ► Variation Diminishing
 ► Symmetry
 ► Convex-Hull

52) Parity is a concept used to determine which _ lie within a

polygon. (Choose best suitable answer)

 ► Edge
 ► Vertices
 ► Pixels Page no : 80
 ► None of the given

53) The actual filling process in boundary filling algorithm begins when a point
_ of the figure is selected.

► Outside the boundary

► Inside the boundary

► At boundary

► None of the given

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54) Weiler-Atherton Polygon Clipping technique modify the vertex-processing
procedures for window
boundaries so that polygons are displayed correctly.
 ► Convex
 ► Concave Page no : 245
 ► Complex
 ► None of the given
55) If a line connecting any two points within a polygon does not intersect any
edge, then it will be a _ polygon.
 ► Convex Page no : 78
 ► Concave
 ► Complex
 ► None of the given
56) can be defined as a mapping of point P(x, y, z) onto its image
P`(x`, y`, z` ) in the view plane
which constitutes the display
surface.
 ► Mapping plane
 ► Three Coordinate Planes
 ► View plane Repeated
 ► Projection
57) The reflected light wave turns out to be a / an _ _ case since light
is reflected at the same angle as the incident wave (when the surface is smooth and
uniform, as we'll assume for now).
 ► Unknown
 ► Simple Page no: 291
 ► Complex
 ► Abnormal
58) Which of the following is NOT true about quaternions?
 They are made up of 4 numbers
 They should always be normalized to length 1
 They can be used to represent all affine transforms
 They can be used to define the rotation of an object

1) In class, we discussed three forms of shading for “Utah” graphics. Which was
the first to use per
vertex normals?
 Flat Shading
 Phong Shading
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 Gouraud Shading Page no : 240
59) Given any implicit equation, which of the following is true for all (x, y, z) that
make the equation exactly zero?
 All those points are inside the object defined by the implicit equation
 All those points are on the surface of the object defined by the implicit
equation Page no :205
 All those points are outside the object defined by the implicit equation
 You can’t know anything without knowing what the implicit equation is
60) When solving ray-sphere intersections using the implicit equation for a sphere,
you must solve the quadratic equation. Which of the following do you know if the
B2-4AC (i.e. the part under the square root) is negative?
 The ray intersects the sphere at a negative t… discard this result
 The ray intersects the sphere at a positive t… continue to the solution
 The ray does not intersect the sphere… discard this result Page no : 265
 The ray begins inside the sphere… this is a special case

61) sets the global idle call back to be 'func' so a GLUT

program can perform background processing tasks or continuous animation when
window system events are not being received.
 glutIdleFunc
 glutMainLoop
 glutDisplayFunc
 glutReshapeFunc

62)A space curve can be confined to a plane.

 True
 False Page no : 326
63)A tangent vector certainly defines the slope at one end of the curve, but a vector
hascharacteristics of......
 direction
 magnitude
 both direction and magnitude Page no : 331
 None of the given
64)
We allow the parametric variable to take on values only in the interval ---------------
-.
 -1 <= u <= 0
 0 <= u <= 2
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 0 <= u <= 1 Page no : 321
 -1 <= u <= 1
65) The degree of a Bezier curve is equal to n-1, where n is the number of control
points
 Yes Page no : 334
 No
66) Bernstein polynomial functions are the basic functions of
curves.
 NURBS
 Bezier Page no : 337
 Both NURBS and Bezier
 None of the given
67)
A parametric curve is one whose defining equations are given in terms of a ---------
----, common,independent variable called the parametric variable.
 Triple
 Double
 Single Page no : 320
 None of the given
68)
Bit mask to select a window with multisampling support. If multisampling is not
available, a ------------------ window will automatically be chosen.
 Non-multisampling Page no : 305
 Multisampling
 Mono-multisampling
 Di-multisampling
69)
Bezier curve is tangent to the lines connecting .
 First two points
 Last two points
 Fist two points and last two point
 None of the given
70) OpenGL is well structured with an intuitive design and logical commands.
Efficient OpenGLroutines typically result in applications with fewer lines of code
than those that make upprograms generated using other graphics libraries or
packages. In addition, OpenGL drivers ---------------- information about the
underlying hardware, freeing the application developer fromhaving to design for
specific hardware features.
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 Encapsulate Page no : 297
 Shows
 Hibernates
 None of the given
71)
A space curve is not confined to a plane. It is free to twist through space. To define
a space curvewe must use parametric functions that are -------------------- --.
 Binary polynomials
 Mono polynomials
 Quadratic polynomials
 Cubic polynomials Page no : 326
72) End points and an intermediate point on the curve, then we now ------------------
-- quantities thatwe can express in terms of these coefficients (3 points x 3
coordinates each), and we can usethese three points to define a unique curve.
 Six
 Three
 Two
 Nine Page no : 321

73) Bezier curve can represent the more complex piecewise curve.
 Polynomial Page no : 33
 Exponential
 Cubic
 None of above
74)) Curve and surface equations can be expressed in either a parametric or a non
parametric form.
 True
 False Page no : 333
75) Using a lighting model based upon the Blinn Phong model means that we'll
always get a uniform specular highlight based upon the colour of the ---------------
light and material, which means that all reflections based on this model, will be
reminiscent of plastic.
 Union
 Refracting Page no : 291
 Intersection
 Reflecting
76) If the current matrix (according to glMatrixMode) is multiplied by the
translation matrix, with the product replacing the current matrix. That is, if M is the
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current matrix and T is the translation matrix, then M is replaced with ---------------
--.
 M-T
 Page 21 of 22
 M+T
 M/T
 M*T
77) With similar expressions for y(u) and z(u). Again the a, b, c and d terms are
constant coefficients. As we did with Equation for a plane curve, we combine the
x(u), y(u) , and z(u) expressions into a single vector
equation P(u) = .
 Au2+bu1+cu+d
 Au4+bu3+cu2+d1
 Au3+bu2+cu2+d
 Au3+bu2+cu+d Page no : 326
78) The matrix generated by gluPerspective is multiplied by the current matrix, just
as if glMultMatrix were called with the generated matrix. To load the perspective
matrix onto the current matrix stack instead, precede the call to gluPerspective with
a call to .
 glRotated
 gluPerspective
 glTranslated
 glLoadIdentity Page no : 313
79) Each number that makes up a matrix is called an of the matrix.
 Element Page no : 101
 Variable
 Value
 Component
80) Which one of the following step is not involved to write pixel using video
BIOS services.
 Setting desired video mode
 Using BIOS service to set color of a screen pixel
 Calling BIOS interrupt to execute the process of writing pixel.
 Using OpenGL service to set color of a screen pixel
81) Shadow mask methods can display a range of colors.
 Small
 Wide Page no : 29
 Random
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 Crazy
82) Using Cohen-Sutherland line clipping, it is impossible for a vertex to be
labeled 1111.
 True
 False
83) Intensity of the electron beam is controlled by setting _ levels on
the control grid, a metal cylinder that fits over the cathode.
 Amplitude
 Current
 Voltage Page no : 26
 Electron

84) Which of the following is NOT a modern application for Computer Graphics---

 ► Stop-motion animation (Page 6)

 ► Computer Aided Geometric Design
 ► Video Games
 ► Scientific Visualization
85) Both Boundary Filling and Flood filling algorithms are non-recursive
techniques,
 ► False
 ► True
86)TV series are made as simply as possible from the animation point of view.
This approach is generally known as ---------------------- --.
 ► Full animation
 ► Limited animation (Page 428)
 ► Low animation
 ► High resolution
87) An eight frame run cycle that ------------------- frame/frames to each step gives a
fast and vigorous dash. At thisspeed the successive leg positions are quite widely
separated and may need dry brush or speed lines to make themovement flow.
 ► Two
 ► One
 ► Three
 ► Four (Page 437)
88)reflection is the effect of reflecting light toward the direction from
which it came, no matter theorientation of the surface.
 ► Forward scattering
 ► Diffuse Lambertian
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 ► Backscattering
 ► Retro (Page 293)
89) What makes this really challenging to model is that the index of refraction for
most materials is a function of the ------------------- of the light. This means that not
only is there a shift in the angle of refraction, but that the shift is different for
differing --------------- of light.
 ► Reflecting angle, Reflecting angle
 ► Refracting angle, Refracting angle
 ► Frequency, Frequency
 ► Wavelength, Wavelength (Page 229)
90) The reflected light wave turns out to be a ---------------------- case since light is
reflected at the same angle as theincident wave (when the surface is smooth and
uniform, as we'll assume for now).
 ► Abnormal
 ► Complex
 ► Simple (Page 296)
 ► Unknow
91)Tessellation can be adaptive to the degree of curvature of a surface.
 ► Local (Page 170)
 ► Static
 ► Global
 ► Variable
92) sets the reshape callback for the current window. The reshape
callback is triggered when a window
is reshaped.
 ► glutMainLoop
 ► glutIdleFunc
 ► glutReshapeFunc (Page 312)
 ► glutDisplayFunc
93 Signed integer color components, when specified, are linearly mapped to
floating-point values such that themost positive representable value maps to 1.0,
and the most negative representable value maps to ---------------- --. Floating-point
values are mapped directly.
 ► -1.0
 ► 0.0
 ► 2.0
 ► 1.0 (Page 320)
94) NURBS stands for -----------------------.
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 ► Non Universal Rational Binary Spline
 ► Non Uniform Rational Binary Splines
 ► Non Uniform Rational Beta Splines (Page 325)
 ► Non Universal Rational Beta Splines
95) An orthogonal set of vectors--------------------------
 ► Must be a set of linearly independent vectors
 ► Must be a set of linearly dependent vectors
 ► Must be made up of the basis vectors (e1, e2, and e3) click here 4 details
 ► Can be made up of any set of vectors
96) Bezier curve is numerically the ------------------------ of all the polynomial-based
curves used in these applications.
 ► None of the given
 ► Most stable (Page 338)
 ► Less stable
 ► Most unstable

97) Bezier curve is the ideal standard for representing the ----------------------------
piecewise polynomial curves.
 ► None of the given
 ► Non complex
 ► Most complex
 ► More complex (Page 338)
98) Keep polygon orientations consistent to make sure that when viewed from the
outside, all the polygons on the surface are oriented in the same direction.
 ► None of the given
 ► Neither
 ► Different
 ► Same (page 345)
99) The ----------------- is most simple example that exhibits the property self-
similarity.
 ► Mosse
 ► Fern (Page 355)
 ► None of the given
 ► Thohar
100) A common mistake people make when creating three-dimensional graphics is
to start thinking too soon that thefinal image appears on a flat, two-dimensional
screen. Avoid thinking about which pixels need to be drawn, andinstead try to
visualize ------------------ space.
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 ► Multi-dimensional
 ► One-dimensional
 ► Two-dimensional
 ► Three-dimensional (Page 371)
101) Which of the following properties of rational Bezier curves fails if the weight
assigned to a control point isnegative?
 ► End-point interpolation
 ► Variation Diminishing
 ► Symmetry
 ► Convex-Hull

102) We want our scene to look more realistic, we should use lights.
 Ambient (Page 282)
 Point Parallel
 Spot
 None of the given
103) This is a simple example of line clipping: the display window is the canvas
and also the default ------------------- , thus all line segments inside the canvas are
drawn.
 Clipping Rectangle (Page 141)
 Clipping Circle
 Clipping Polygon
 Clipping Angle
104) One problem with Gouraud shading is that the ------------ intensities can never
be greater than the intensities atthe edges.
 Triangles (Page 246)
 Squares
 Rectangles
 Polygons
105) There is more penetration of light in case of surfaces.
 Conductor (like metals)
 Nonconductor (like dielectrics) (Page 235)
 Both conductor and nonconductor
 None of the given
106) lights should be avoided because they are not for real time
environment.
 Point
 Parallel
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 Spot (Page 244)
 None of the given
107) The physical range of colors a device can display is called
_ of the device.
 Sharpness
 Gamut (Page 229)
 Colouring
 Colouring with Sharpness
108) is simply the calculation of color reflected by the surface.
 Shading (Page 240)
 Clamping
 Scaling
 None of the given
109) When obtaining normals for a triangle, which of the following mathematical
constructs is NOT used?
 Vector normalization
 Vector cross products
 Vector dot products
 Point-Point subtraction
110) Loosely, the alpha component of the RGBA quad represents the
_ of a surface.
 Opaqueness (Page 227)
 Light
 Darkness
 Shine
111) An algorithm that clips a polygon must deal with many ------------------ cases.
The case is particularly noteworthy in that the concave polygon is clipped into -----
------ isolate polygons.
 Similar, three
 Different, two (Page 146)
 Different, three
 Similar, two
112) lighting is not dependent on any source.
 Ambient
 Diffuse
 Specular
 Emissive
113)
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
In order to get a more realistic representation of lighting, we'll need to understand
how light passes through a medium and how hitting the boundary layer at the ------
----------- of two media can affect light's properties.
 Intersection (Page 296)
 Union
 Endpoints
 Edges
114) Lambertian shading was used mostly back when computers weren't fast
enough to do _ in real time.
 Phong shading
 Processing
 Shading
 Gouraud shading (Page 245)
115)
In Perspective Projection the point of View (POV) must lie on the
_ .
 All axis
 Z axis (Page 200)
 X axis
 Y axis
116) If we want any object to glow, we should use lights.
 Ambient
 Diffuse
 Specular
 Emissive (Page 240)
117) There are not many different ways of representing the intensity of a particular
color element.
 True
 False (Page 276)
118) In Perspective Projection the screen plane must be parallel to
the .
 Y-Z plane
 X-Y plane (Page 200)
 Z-Y plane
 X-Z plane
119) light is reflected in all directions from surface.
 Ambient
 Diffuse (page 239)
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 Specular
 Emissive
120) A space curve can be confined to a plane.
 Yes
 No (Page 331)
121) To convert the information in the A matrix into that required for the P matrix,
we do some simple matrix algebra, First we have UA=UNP then Simply A = -------

 UP
 NP (Page 333)
 UN
 None
122) Perspective projection is specified with the function glFrustum().
 Yes (Page 376)
 No
122) Choose a camera lens or adjust the zoom
 projection transformation (Page 372)
 viewport transformation
 modeling transformation'
 viewing transformation
123) Using a lighting model based upon the Blind Phong model means that we'll
always get a uniform specular highlight based upon the color of the ---------------
light and material, which means that all reflections based on this model, will be
reminiscent of plastic.
 Union
 Refracting
 Intersection
 Reflecting (Page 296)
124) Refractive index is a function of temperature, mostly due to density changes in
materials with changes intemperature.
 True (Page 300)
 False
125)
Length L depends on the angle alpha and the z coordinate of the point to be
projected and L can be representedby ------------------ --.
 z * 1/ tan (alpha) (Page 198)
 z * L2
 z * 1/ tan (beta)
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 z * 1/ tan (gamma)
126)The traditional approach in real-time computer graphics has been to calculate
lighting at a vertex as a sum ofthe light.
 Ambient
 Ambient, diffuse, and specular (Page 281)
 Specular
 Diffuse, and specular
127)
Another way to define a space curve by using intermediate points and the tangents
at each end for making the
curve
 Yes
 No (Page 334)
128) An independent consortium, the OpenGL Architecture Review Board, guides
the OpenGL specification. Withbroad industry support, OpenGL is the only truly
open, vendor-neutral, --------------- graphics standard.
 Tertiary
 Binary
 Single platform
 Multiplatform (Page 301)
129) glutReshapeWindow requests a change in the size of the current window. The
width and height parameters aresize extents in pixels. The width and height must
be values.
 Neutral
 Negative
 Positive (Page 311)
 None of the given
130) A space curve is not confined to a plane. It is free to twist through space. To
define a space curve we must useparametric functions that are -------------------- --.
 Binary polynomials
 Mono polynomials
 Quadratic polynomials
 Cubic polynomials (Page 331)
131)
Refractive index is a function of temperature, mostly due to changes in --------------
-------- of materials withchanges in temperature. A simple correction can be
applied in most circumstances to allow us to use a valuegiven at one temperature at
another.
 Density (Page 300)
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 pressure
 nature
 volume
132) If we assign a different value to the parametric variable for the intermediate
point, then we obtain differentvalues for the coefficients. This, in turn, means that a
different curve is produced, although it passes through the ---------------three points.
 isolate
 different
 same (Page 328)
 none
133) The attenuation formula is f =------------------------ , where C, L and Q are the
constant, linear and quadraticattenuation factors and d is the distance between the
vertex being lit and the light source.
 1/(C + Ld + Qd2)
 1/(C + Ld + Qd)
 1/(C + L +d + Qd2)
 1/(Cd + Ld + Qd2)
144) Bezier curve is tangent to the lines connecting _ .
 First two points
 Last two points
 Fist two points and last two point (Page 340)
 None of the given
145) End points and an intermediate point on the curve, then we now ----------------
----- quantities that we canexpress in terms of these coefficients (3 points x 3
coordinates each), and we can use these three points todefine a unique curve.
 Six
 Three
 Two
 Nine (Page 326
146) Choose a camera lens or adjust the zoom
 projection transformation (Page 372)
 viewport transformation
 modeling transformation
 viewing transformation

148) _ OpenGL function is used for aiming and positioning the camera
towards the object
 glLoadIdentity() (Page 375)
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 gluLookAt()
 glFrustum()
 None of Above
149) A parametric curve is one whose defining equations are given in terms of a ---
----------, common, independentvariable called the parametric variable.
 Triple
 Double
 Single (Page 325)
 None of the given
150) The reflection coefficients are in the -------------------------- range and are
specified as part of the material property. However, they are strictly empirical and
since they simply adjust the overall intensity of the material color, the material
color values are usually adjusted so the color intensity varies rather than using a
reflection coefficient.
 [0, 10]
 [0, 1] (Page 281)
 [0, 5]
 [0, 2]
151) To ensure a smooth transition from one section of a piecewise to
the next, we can impose various continuity conditions at the connection points on
parametric curve parametric curve
 polygon vector (not confirm) (Page 245)
 None of the these
152) The curve is always contained within the of the control points
 Tangents
 Convex Hull (Page 340)
 Subdivision
 None of Above
Question # 1
A space curve can be confined to a plane.
 Yes
 No (Page 331)
Question # 2
To convert the information in the A matrix into that required for the P matrix, we
do some simple matrix
algebra, First we have UA=UNP then Simply A = -------------
 UP
 NP (Page 333)
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 UN
 None
 16
Question #3
Perspective projection is specified with the function glFrustum().
 Yes (Page 376)
 No
Question # 4
Choose a camera lens or adjust the zoom
 projection transformation (Page 372)
 viewport transformation
 modeling transformation'
 viewing transformation
Question # 5
Using a lighting model based upon the Blinn Phong model means that we'll always
get a uniform specularhighlight based upon the color of the ---------------- light and
material, which means that all reflections based on this model, will be reminiscent
of plastic.
 Union
 Refracting
 Intersection
 Reflecting (Page 296)
Question # 6
Refractive index is a function of temperature, mostly due to density changes in
materials with changes in temperature.
 True (Page 300)
 False
Question # 7
Length L depends on the angle alpha and the z coordinate of the point to be
projected and L can be represented by ------------------ --.
 z * 1/ tan (alpha) (Page 198)
 z * L2
 z * 1/ tan (beta)
 z * 1/ tan (gamma)
 17
Question # 8
The traditional approach in real-time computer graphics has been to calculate
lighting at a vertex as a sum ofthe light.
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 Ambient
 Ambient, diffuse, and specular (Page 281)
 Specular
 Diffuse, and specular
Question # 9
Another way to define a space curve by using intermediate points and the tangents
at each end for making thecurve
 Yes
 No (Page 334)
Question # 10
An independent consortium, the OpenGL Architecture Review Board, guides the
OpenGL specification. Withbroad industry support, OpenGL is the only truly open,
vendor-neutral, ---------------- graphics standard.
 Tertiary
 Binary
 Single platform
 Multiplatform (Page 301)
Question # 11
glutReshapeWindow requests a change in the size of the current window. The
width and height parameters aresize extents in pixels. The width and height must
be values.
 Neutral
 Negative
 Positive (Page 311)
 None of the given
Question # 12
A space curve is not confined to a plane. It is free to twist through space. To define
a space curve we must use
parametric functions that are -----------------------.
 Binary polynomials
 Mono polynomials
 Quadratic polynomials
 Cubic polynomials (Page 331)
Question # 1 3
Refractive index is a function of temperature, mostly due to changes in --------------
-------- of materials withchanges in temperature. A simple correction can be
applied in most circumstances to allow us to use a valuegiven at one temperature at
another.
 Density (Page 300)
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 pressure
 nature
 volume
Question # 14
If we assign a different value to the parametric variable for the intermediate point,
then we obtain differentvalues for the coefficients. This, in turn, means that a
different curve is produced, although it passes through the
-------------- three points.
 isolate
 different
 same (Page 328)
 none
Question #15
Bezier curve is tangent to the lines connecting .
 First two points
 Last two points
 Fist two points and last two point (Page 340)
 None of the given

Question # 16
End points and an intermediate point on the curve, then we now ---------------------
quantities that we canexpress in terms of these coefficients (3 points x 3
coordinates each), and we can use these three points todefine a unique curve.
 Six
 Three
 Two
 Nine (Page 326)
 19
Question # 17
Choose a camera lens or adjust the zoom
 projection transformation (Page 372)
 viewport transformation
 modeling transformation
 viewing transformation
QuestionZ#18
_ OpenGL function is used for aiming and positioning the camera
towards the object
 glLoadIdentity() (Page 375)
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 gluLookAt()
 glFrustum()
 None of Above
Question # 19
A parametric curve is one whose defining equations are given in terms of a ---------
----, common, independentvariable called the parametric variable.
 Triple
 Double
 Single (Page 325)
 None of the given
Question # 20
The reflection coefficients are in the -------------------------- range and are specified
as part of the materialproperty. However, they are strictly empirical and since they
simply adjust the overall intensity of the materialcolor, the material color values
are usually adjusted so the color intensity varies rather than using a
reflectioncoefficient.
 [0, 10]
 [0, 1] (Page 281)
 [0, 5]
 [0, 2]
Question # 21
To ensure a smooth transition from one section of a piecewise to the
next, we can impose variouscontinuity conditions at the connection points
 non parametric curve
 parametric curve
 polygon vector (not confirm) (Page 245)
 None of the these
Question # 22
The curve is always contained within the of the control points
 Tangents
 Convex Hull (Page 340)
 Subdivision
 None of Above
Question # 23
Projection can be defined as a mapping of point P(x, y, z) onto its image P`(x`, y`,
z` ) in the ---------------- ,which constitutes the display surface. The mapping is
determined by a projection line called the projector thatpasses through P and
intersects the -------------- --.
 Two Coordinate Planes
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 View plane or projection plan (Page 193)
 Three Coordinate Planes
 Mapping plane
Question # 24
Determine how large we want the final photograph to be - for example, we might
want it enlarged
 projection transformation
 viewport transformation (Page 372)
 modeling transformation
 viewing transformation
Question # 25
Ambient light is the light that comes from ---------------------- directions, thus all
surfaces are illuminated equallyregardless of orientation. However, this is a big
hack in traditional lighting calculations since "real" ambientlight really comes from
the light reflected from the "environment."
 All (Page 281)
 Opposite
 Same
 Four different
Question # 26
Silhouette edges occur when dot product of surface normal vector and the view
vector is .
 Zero (Page 345)
 One
 Both zero and one
Question # 27
If the current matrix (according to glMatrixMode) is multiplied by the translation
matrix, with the productreplacing the current matrix. That is, if M is the current
matrix and T is the translation matrix, then M isreplaced with ---------------- --.
 M-T
 M+T
 M/T
 M*T (Page 317)
Question # 28
Arrange the scene to be photographed into the desired composition
 projection transformation
 viewport transformation
 modeling transformation (Page 317)
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 viewing transformation
Question # 29
In the forms of texture mapping, Image to world space and world space to image,
each suffers from differentproblems related to magnifications and magnification.
Which of the two shows the following problem: When the
texture is larger than the screen space it maps to, many texture units (texels) are
never sampled?
 Image to world space
 World space to image
 X-axis
 Y-axis
Question # 31
Imagine a curve in three-dimensional space, each point on the curve has a unique
set of coordinates: a specificx value, y value, and z value. Each coordinate is
controlled by a -------------- parametric equation.
 Opposite
 Similar
 Separate (Page 325)
Question # 32
We allow the parametric variable to take on values only in the interval ---------------
-.
 -1 <= u <= 0
 0 <= u <= 2
 0 <= u <= 1 (Page 326)
 -1 <= u <= 1
Question # 33
Bezier curve can represent the more complex piecewise curve.
 Polynomial (Page 338)
 Exponential
 Cubic
 None of above
Question # 34
A fractal is generally a property called _ _.
 Fractal Dimension
 Self-similarity (Page 355)
 Koch Curve
 None of above
Question # 35
Normalized cross product of two vectors on that surface provides normal vector
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 Yes (Page 347)
 No
Question # 36
Every point on a curve has a straight line associated with it called the _
State line
 tangent line (Page 334)
 curved line
 None of the given
Question # 36
The value returned is a unique small integer identifier for the window. The range
of allocated identifiers startsat ------------------ --. This window identifier can be
used when calling glutSetWindow.
 Three
 Two
 One (Page 308)
 Zero
Question # 37
Curve and surface equations can be expressed in either a parametric or a non
parametric form.
 True
 False
Question # 38
Bernstein polynomial functions are the basic functions of curves.
 NURBS
 Bezier (Page 342)
 Both NURBS and Bazier
 None of the given
Question # 39
Geometric patterns that is repeated at ever smaller scales to produce irregular
shapes and surfaces are called
 Geometric patterns
 Fractals (Page 352)
 Animated components
 Segments

Question # 40
In order to get a more realistic representation of lighting, we'll need to understand
how light passes through amedium and how hitting the boundary layer at the -------
---------- of two media can affect light's properties.
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 Intersection (Page 296)
 Union
 Endpoints
 Edges

Question # 41
_ sets the global idle call back to be 'func' so a GLUT program
can perform backgroundprocessing tasks or continuous animation when window
system events are not being received.
 glutIdleFunc (Page 313)
 glutMainLoop
 glutDisplayFunc
 glutReshapeFunc
Question # 42
A tangent vector certainly defines the slope at one end of the curve, but a vector
has characteristics of......
 direction
 magnitude
 both direction and magnitude (Page 336)
 None of the given
Question # 43
The degree of a Bezier curve is equal to n-1, where n is the number of control
points
 Yes (Page 339)
 No
Question # 44
Bit mask to select a window with multisampling support. If multisampling is not
available, a ----------------- window will automatically be chosen.
 Non-multisampling (Page 310)
 Multisampling
 Mono-multisampling
 Di-multisampling
Question # 45
OpenGL is well structured with an intuitive design and logical commands.
Efficient OpenGL routines typicallyresult in applications with fewer lines of code
than those that make up programs generated using other graphics
libraries or packages. In addition, OpenGL drivers ---------------- information about
the underlying hardware,freeing the application developer from having to design
for specific hardware features.
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 Encapsulate (Page 302)
 Shows
 Hibernates
 None of the given
Question # 46
With similar expressions for y(u) and z(u). Again the a, b, c and d terms are
constant coefficients. As we didwith Equation for a plane curve, we combine the
x(u), y(u) , and z(u) expressions into a single vector equation
P(u) = .
 Au2+bu1+cu+d
 Au4+bu3+cu2+d1
 Au3+bu2+cu2+d
 Au3+bu2+cu +d (Page 331)

Question # 48
The matrix generated by gluPerspective is multiplied by the current matrix, just as
if glMultMatrix were called with the generated matrix. To load the perspective
matrix onto the current matrix, stack instead, precede the call
to gluPerspective with a call to --------------------- --.
 glRotated
 gluPerspective (Page 318)
 glTranslated
 glLoadIdentity

Question # 49
The basic functions fi(u) in Bezier curve must be symmetric with respect to u and
(u-2)
 yes
 no (Page 341)

Question # 50
Arrange the scene to be photographed into the desired composition
 projection transformation
 viewport transformation
 modeling transformation (Page 372)
 viewing transformation

Question No: 51
NURBS stands for --------------------- --.
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
 Non Universal Rational Binary Spline
 Non Uniform Rational Binary Splines
 Non Uniform Rational Beta Splines (Page 325)
 Non Universal Rational Beta Spline
 Question No: 1
 Which of the following is NOT a modern application for Computer
Graphics

 ► Stop-motion animation (Page 6)
 ► Computer Aided Geometric Design
 ► Video Games
 ► Scientific Visualization

 Question No: 52
 Both Boundary Filling and Flood filling algorithms are non-recursive
techniques,
 ► False
 ► True
Question No: 53

TV series are made as simply as possible from the animation point of view. This
approach is generally known as ---------------------- --.

 ► Full animation
 ► Limited animation (Page 431)
 ► Low animation
 ► High resolution
Question No: 54

An eight frame run cycle that ------------------- frame/frames to each stepgives a fast
and vigorous dash. At this speed the successive leg positions are quite widely
separated and may need dry brush or speed lines to make the movement flow.

► Two
► One
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
► Three

► Four (Page 440)

Question No: 55

----------- Reflection is the effect of reflecting light toward the direction from
which it came, no matter the orientation of the surface.

► Forward scattering
► Diffuse Lambertian
► Backscattering
► Retro (Page 296)

Question No: 56

What makes this really challenging to model is that the index of refraction for most
materials is a function of the ------------------- of the light. This means that not only is
there a shift in the angle of refraction, but that the shift is different for differing ----
of light.

► Reflecting angle, Reflecting angle

► Refracting angle, Refracting angle
► Frequency, Frequency
► Wavelength, Wavelength (Page 301)

Question No: 57

The reflected light wave turns out to be a---------------------- case since light is
reflected at the same angle as the incident wave (when the surface is smooth and
uniform, as we'll assume for now).

► Abnormal
► Complex
► Simple (Page 299)
► Unknown

Question No: 58

Tessellation can be adaptive to the degree of curvature of a surface.

 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
► Local (Page 173)
► Static
► Global
► Variable

Question No: 59

_ sets the reshape callback for the current window. The reshape
callback is triggered when a window is reshaped.

► glutMainLoop
► glutIdleFunc
► glutReshapeFunc (Page 315)
► glutDisplayFunc

Question No: 60

Signed integer color components, when specified, are linearly mapped to floating-
point values such that the most positive representable value maps to 1.0, and the
most negative representable value maps to ---------------- --. Floating-point values
are mapped directly.

► -1.0
► 0.0
► 2.0
► 1.0 (Page 323)

Question No: 61

NURBS stands for --------------------- --.

► Non Universal Rational Binary Spline

► Non Uniform Rational Binary Splines
► Non Uniform Rational Beta Splines (Page 328)
► Non Universal Rational Beta Splines

Question No: 62

An orthogonal set of vectors--------------------------

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► Must be a set of linearly independent vectors
► Must be a set of linearly dependent vectors
► Must be made up of the basis vectors (page no 254)
► Can be made up of any set of vectors

Question No: 63

Bezier curve is numerically the -------------------------of all the polynomial-based

curves used in these applications.

► None of the given

► Most stable (Page 341)
► Less stable
► Most unstable

Question No: 64

Bezier curve is the ideal standard for representing the ----------------------------

piecewise polynomial curves.

► None of the given

► Non complex
► Most complex
► More complex(Page 341)

Question No: 65

 Keep polygon orientations consistent to make sure that when viewed from
the outside, all the polygons on the surface are oriented in the same
direction.
► None of the given
► Neither
► Different
► Same (page 347)

Question No: 66

The ----------------- is simplest example that exhibits the property self-similarity.

► Moses
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
► Fern (Page 358)
► None of the given
► Thohar

Question No: 66

A common mistake people make when creating three-dimensional graphics is to start

thinking too soon that the final image appears on a flat, two-dimensional screen.
Avoid thinking about which pixels need to be drawn, and instead try to visualize ---
space.

► Multi-dimensional
► One-dimensional
► Two-dimensional
► Three-dimensional (Page 374)

Question No: 68

Which of the following properties of rational Bezier curves fails if the weight
assigned to a control point is negative?

► End-point interpolation
► Variation Diminishing
► Symmetry
► Convex-Hull

Question No: 69

Actually, each component is a rational Bézier curve. We have made it very clear
that all weights must be non-negative. If some of them are negative, the strong
convex hull property or even the convex hull property will not hold.

Question No: 70

In the Phone reflection model, there are 3 constants (a, b, c) which are used to
describe the qualities of which of the following phenomena?

► The attenuation of a point light source with distance

► The size (in each dimension) which the light is assumed to have
► The amount to perturb reflection vectors as they are mirrored across
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
the normal
► The material reaction to ambient, diffuse and specular light
(respectively)

Question No: 71

The Phong reflection model simplifies light-matter interactions into (essentially) 4

vectors and a number of constants. Which piece of the Phong model is responsible
for giving spheres their bright white spots?

► Specular
► Diffuse
► Ambient

Question No: 72

When you hit a surface in ray tracing, generally shadow rays are tested against all
objects in a scene. If these rays come back saying they hit an object in the scene,
which of the following do you do?

► add all components (i.e. ambient, diffuse and specular) from that
light source to the object.
► add all EXCEPT the ambient light from that light source to the object
(i.e. diffuse and specular)
► add only the ambient light from that light source to the object
► add none of the light from that light source to the object

Question No: 73

The Color Space tool is a handy tool that we can use to interactively add two
colours together to see the effects of the various strategies for handling
oversaturated colours.

► False
► True (Page 238)

Question No: 74

A polygon is usually defined by a sequence of -------------- and Edges.

 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
► Ending lines
► Points
► Vertices (Page 149)
► Edges

Question No: 75

Which of the following properties of Bezier curves guarantees that a line passes
through the control polygon as many times or more times than the line passes
through the Bezier curve itself?

► End-point interpolation
► Variation Diminishing
► Symmetry
► Convex-Hull

Question No: 76

Parity is a concept used to determine which lie within a polygon.

(Choose best suitable answer)

► Edge
► Vertices
► Pixel (Page 80)
► None of the given

Question No: 77

The actual filling process in boundary filling algorithm begins when a point
_ of the figure is selected.

► Outside the boundary

► Inside the boundary (Page 105)
► At boundary
► None of the given

Question No: 78

Clipping technique modifies the vertex-processing procedures for window

boundaries so that polygons are displayed correctly.
 AL-JUNAID TECH INSTITUTE
► Convex
► Concave (Page 158)
► Complex
► None of the given

Question No: 79

If a line connecting any two points within a polygon does not intersect any edge,
then it will be a polygon.

► Convex (Page 79)

► Concave
► Complex
► None of the given

Question No: 80

_ can be defined as a mapping of point P(x, y, z) onto its image P`(x`, y`,
z`) in the view plane which constitutes the displaysurface.

► Mapping plane
► Three Coordinate Planes
► View plane
► Projection (Page 265)

Question No: 81

The reflected light wave turns out to be a / an case since light is

reflected at the same angle as the incident wave (when the surface is smooth and
uniform, as we'll assume for now).

► Unknown
► Simple (Page 299)
► Complex
► Abnormal

Question No: 82

Computer graphics and computer vision are _ disciplines.

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 Related (Page 24)
 Interrelated
 Same
 Different
Question No: 83

OpenGL has become the industry's most widely used and supported
graphics application programming interface (API), bringing thousands of
applications to a wide variety of computer platforms.

 2-Dimensional
 3-Dimensional
 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional (Page 301)
Question No: 84

-------- sets the global idle callback to be ‘func’ so a GLUT program can perform
background processing tasks or continuous animation when window system events
are not being received.

 glutIdle function (Page 313)

 glutKeyboardFunc
 glutReshapeFunc
 glutDisplayFunc
Question No: 85

X2/a2 – y2/b2 =1 is an equation of

 Hyperbola(Page 70)
 Parabola ( 4px=y2)
 None of given
 Ellipse (X2/a2 + y2/b2 =1)
Question No: 86

To modify the object shape, shearing transformation cannot be used.

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 False (Page 195)
 True
Question No: 87

Rotation is performed around a fixed point called .

 Pivot point rotation (Page 122)

Question No: 88

Computer graphics is very helpful in producing graphical representations for

scientific visualization and analysis

 True (Page 9)
 False
Question No: 89

Save a line with both endpoints inside all clipping boundaries.

 Trivial Reject
 Trivial Accept (Page 145)
 None of given
Question No: 90

Dark lights are nothing more than lights in which one or more of the color values
are .

 Unknown
 Negative (Page 238)
 Positive
 Zero
Question No: 91

A series of computer operations convert an object's three-dimensional

coordinates to pixel positions on the screen. Transformations, which are
represented by matrix multiplication, include modeling, viewing, and projection
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operations. Such operations include rotation, translation, scaling, reflecting,
orthographic projection, and perspective projection.

 Three (Page 374)

 Two
 Four
 Ten
Question No: 92

At a physical surface, our eye's perception of the color depends on the distribution
of photon energies that arrive and trigger our _ cells.

 Eye
 Retina
 Cone (Page 401)
Question No: 93

 In the Phong Reflection model, light is the same everywhere.

 Ambient
 Diffuse
 Specular
 Emissive
Question No: 94

This projection technique has the direction of projection perpendicular to the

viewing plane, but the viewing direction is NOT perpendicular to one of the
principle faces.

 Orthographic Parallel Projection(Page 197)

 Axonometric Parallel Projection
 Oblique Parallel Projection
Question No: 95

A plane is two dimensional since in order to uniquely define any point on its
surface we require _ numbers.
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 Two (Page 359)
 Three
 Four

Question No: 96

In perspective projection, for your view to come out correctly, you will also want
the to pass through the middle of the screen.

 X axis
 Y axis
 Z axis (Page 203)
 None
Question No: 97

Neither floating-point nor signed integer values are clamped to the range
before updating the current color.

 0 , -1.0
 -1 , 1
 1 , -1
 0, 1 (Page 324)
Question No: 98

An object's determine its orientation relative to the light sources. For each
vertex, OpenGL uses the assigned normal to determine how much light that
particular vertex receives from each light source.

 Unit
 Normal (Page 403)
 None of given
Question No: 99

Which was the oldest shading model?

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 Flat Shading (Page 249)
 Phong Shading
 Gouraud Shading
Question No: 100

Which of the following affine transforms does NOT affect vectors?

 Scale
 Rotation
 Shear
 Translation
Question No: 101

We want our scene to look more realistic, we should use lights.

 Ambient (Page 285)

 Point Parallel
 Spot
 None of the given
Question No: 102

This is a simple example of line clipping: the display window is the canvas and
also the default -------------------- , thus all line segments inside the canvas are
drawn.

 Clipping Rectangle (Page 144)

 Clipping Circle
 Clipping Polygon
 Clipping Angle
Question No: 103

One problem with Gouraud shading is that the ------------ intensities can never be
greater than the intensities at the edges.

 Triangles (Page 249)

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 Squares
 Rectangles
 Polygons
Question No: 104

There is more penetration of light in case of surfaces.

 Conductor (like metals)

 Nonconductor (like dielectrics) (Page 243)
 Both conductor and nonconductor
 None of the given
Question No: 105

_ Lights should be avoided because they are not for real time
environment.

 Point
 Parallel
 Spot (Page 247)
 None of the given
Question No: 106

The physical range of colors a device can display is called

_ of the device.

 Sharpness
 Gamut (Page 232)
 Colouring
 Colouring with Sharpness
Question No: 107

_ is simply the calculation of color reflected by the surface.

 Shading (Page 243)

 Clamping
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 Scaling
 None of the given
Question No: 108

When obtaining normal for a triangle, which of the following mathematical

constructs is NOT used?

 Vector normalization
 Vector cross products
 Vector dot products
 Point-Point subtraction
Question No: 109

Loosely, the alpha component of the RGBA quad represents the

_ of a surface.

 Opaqueness (Page 239)

 Light
 Darkness
 Shine
Question No: 110

An algorithm that clips a polygon must deal with many ------------------ cases. The
case is particularly note worthy in that the concave polygon is clipped into ----------
- isolate polygons

 Similar, three
 Different, two (Page 146)
 Different, three
 Similar, two
Question No: 111

The circle and ellipse are symmetric across 8 octants.

 True
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 False (Page 60)
Question No: 112

UV light is used in Plasma Panel displays to excite phosphor.

 True
 False
Question No: 113

Which of the following is not true about matrices?

 A+B=B+A
 a(A + B) = aA + aB
 (AT)T = AT
 A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C

Question No: 114

According to Odd Parity Rule, a point is inside the polygon, if:

 Line from an outside point to this point does not cross the edges odd number
of times
 Line from any point to this point crosses the edges odd number of times
 Line from an outside point to this point crosses the edges odd number of
times (Page 80)
 Line from this point to any point outside the polygon intersects any edge
Question No: 115

As opposed to direct memory access method, BIOS routines provide an easier and
faster method of drawing pixels on screen.

 True
 False (Page 47)
Question No: 116
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When a point P(x,y) is rotated by θ the coordinates of transformed point P' are
given as:

 x' = x cos(θ) – y sin(θ), y' = x sin(θ) + y cos(θ) (Page 181)

 x' = y cos(θ) – x sin(θ), y' = y sin(θ) + x cos(θ)
 x' = x cos(θ) + y sin(θ), y' = x sin(θ) – y cos(θ)
 x' = y cos(θ) + x sin(θ), y' = y sin(θ) – x cos(θ)
Question No: 117

The amount of time it takes to illuminate a specific location on phosphor coated

screen is called Persistence.

 True
 False (Page 27)
Question No: 118

Incremental line drawing algorithm makes use of the equation of straight line.

 True
 False (page 54)
Question No: 119

In matrix multiplication:

 The two matrices must be square

 The number of rows of 1st matrix must be the same as the number of
columns of the second.
 The two matrices must either be row matrices or column matrices
 The number of columns of 1st matrix must be the same as the number of
rows of the second.

Question No: 120

In Horizontal retrace, after completion of all the pixels in a scan line, the refreshing
continues from the 1st pixel of the next scan line.

 True
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 False(Page 28)
Question No: 121

Parity Rule is used to determine whether a pixel is inside a polygon or not.

 True (Page 80)

 False
Question No: 122

When dot product of two vectors equals zero, this implies that the two vectors are:

 parallel to each other

 orthogonal (perpendicular) to each other. (Page 177)
 intersect each other
 equal to each other
Question No: 123

In Pixmap exactly one bit is used to hold color value of each pixel.

 True
 False (Page 28)
Question No: 124

The Boundary Fill and Flood Fill algorithms:

 Must use 4-connected approach

 Must use 8-connected approach
 May use 4-connected or 8-connected approach
 Must not use recursive approach
Question No: 125

To show 256 colors, the no of bits required for each pixel are

 8 (Page 39)
 16
 32
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 64

Question No: 126

25 * 80 resolution with 16 colors supports

 Text mode (Page 43)

 Graphics mode
 Both
 None
Question No: 127

Two matrices are said to be equal, if they have

 same order
 same corresponding elements
 Same order and same corresponding elements.(page 11)
 Different elements.
Question No: 128

Two points are said to be collinear, if they lie on the

 same line (page 53)

 different but parallel lines
 either on the same plane or two parallel planes
 different plane
Question No: 129

A Polygon is convex, if the line connecting:

 Any two points outside the polygon intersects its boundary

 Any two points inside the polygon don’t intersect any edges of the polygon.
(Page 171)
 A point inside the boundary with any point outside, does not intersect the
polygon boundary
 Any two vertices, intersects some edge of polygon.
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Question No: 130

Polygon is complex, if the line connecting:

 Any two points outside the polygon intersects its boundary.

 Any two points inside the polygon intersects its boundary.
 A point inside the boundary with any point outside does not intersect the
polygon boundary.
 Any two vertices, intersects some edge of polygon. (Page 79)
Question No: 131

The equation of hyperbola centered at origin (if the transverse axis is along x -axis)
can be given as:

 x2 b2+ y2 a2–1 = 0
 x2 b2+ y2 a2+1 = 0
 x2 a2– y2 b2–1 = 0
 x2 b2 – y2 a2–1 = 0
Question No: 132

Which one is not valid out code to perform trivial accept / reject test in line
clipping:

 1101
 1001 (Page 143)
 0101
 0110

Question No: 133

Which one of the following is not the graphics library is use:

 FastGL
 OpenGL
 DirectX
 EasyGL (Page 47)
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Question No: 134

In video text memory, are used to display a character.

 2 bytes (Page 43)

 4 bytes
 8 bytes
 16 bytes
Question No: 135

In algorithm(s), old color must be read before it is invoked.

 Scan line filling

 Flood filling (Page 104)
 Both scan line and flood filling
 Scan filling
Question No: 136

According to the architecture of raster graphics system, display processor memory

will act as .

 Video controller (Page 36)

 System memory
 Frame buffer
 Video controller and System memory
Question No: 137

Global coordinate systems can be defined with respect to local coordinate system

 True
 False (Page 258)
Question No: 138

Cross product of two vectors results in a .

 Magnitude
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 Vector (Page 117) cross product of 2 vectors is a vector.
 Scalar
 Value
Question No: 139

Shortcoming of Sutherland-Hodgeman Algorithm is concave polygons may be

displayed with extraneous lines

 True (Page 158)

 False
Question No: 140

In 2D transformations, rotations applied to a point P can be denoted

as (Where? Represents theta).

 P' = R(θ1 + θ2) . P (Page 127)

 P' = (R(?1) + R(?2)) . P
 P' = R(?1 x ?2) . P
 P' = R(?1) . P

Question No: 141

A straight line can be moved to another location by applying

to each of the line endpoints and redrawingthe line between the new coordinates.

 Rotation
 Translation (Page 121)
 Reflection
 Scaling factor
Question No: 142

Locations can be translated or "transformed" from one coordinate system to the

other.

 True (Page 166)

 False
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Question No: 143

If the value of scaling factors sx and sy is greater than 1, then size of objects will
be .

 Reduced
 Enlarged (Page 121)
 Remain same
 Shear
Question No: 144

A column matrix is also known as .

 Column vector (Page 110)

 Row vector
 Vector
 Simple Matrix
Question No: 145

Dot product of two vectors results in quantity.

 Scalar (Page 118)

 Vectors
 Magnitude
 Value
Question No: 146

Set up your tripod and pointing the camera at the scene

 projection transformation
 viewport transformation
 modeling transformation
 viewing transformation (Page 375)
Question No: 147

_ is based on characteristic size or scale

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 Fractal Geometry
 Traditional Geometry
 Euclidean Geometry (Page 362)
 None of Above
Question No: 148

Bernstein polynomial functions are the basic functions of curves.

 NURBS
 Bezier (Page 342)
 Both NURBS and Bazier
 None of the given
Question No: 149

Which of the following does NOT figure into the Field of View of a pinhole
camera?

 The direction of projection

 The distance from the center of projection to the projection plane
 The size of the projection plane
Question No: 150

When transforming a random Axis-Aligned Bounding Box defined by the points

(nearx, neary,nearz) and (farx, fary, farz) to the standard orthographic viewing box,
which affine transforms areused?

 shear and translation

 rotation and scale
 scale and shear
 translation and scale
Question No: 150

In class, we discussed the purpose of the front and back clipping planes in
OpenGL. Which of the following was NOT a purpose for using clipping planes?
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 division by zero
 objects behind the center of projection mapping onto the projection plane
 avoiding the problems of infinite viewing volume size
Question No: 152

In “Utah” graphics, lights are simplified in order to approximate light/matter

interaction with aminimum amount of work. Which of the following is NOT true
about the simplifications made in“Utah” graphics lights?

 Light intensity and color are folded into one value.

 Lights are assumed to have zero size
 Spotlights cannot be handled
 Soft shadows cannot be handled
Question No: 153

In the Phone Reflection model, ambient light is the same everywhere.

 true
 false
Question No: 154

We discussed several global illumination algorithms in class. Which of the

following listed can properly handle diffuse-diffuse reflections

 Ray Tracing
 Radiosity
 Photon Mapping
 RenderMan
Question No: 155

We discussed several global illumination algorithms in class. Which of the

following listed can properly handle caustics?

 Ray Tracing
 Radiosity
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 Photon Mapping
 RenderMan
Question No: 156

In radiosity a matrix is formed of size maxim. Which of the following can be

known if the (i, j) position in the matrix is zero?

 patch i is much larger than patch j

 patch i is much smaller than patch j
 patch i is visible from patch j
 patch i is not visible from patch j
Question No: 157

When solving for ray-polygon intersections, after intersecting the ray with a plane,
the dominant component of the plane normal is found. this is used to

 ignore any component other than the dominant when you project to 2D
 ignore the dominant component when you project to 2D
 solve the inside-outside test only for that component
Question No: 158

If solving for inside-outside of a triangle using barycentric coordinates, and you

have two barycentric coordinates solved (bc1 = .57, bc2 = .62) which of the
following do you know?

 The point is outside the triangle

 The point is on the boundary of the triangle
 The point is inside the triangle
 The hit point is on the “back face” of the triangle
Question No: 159

The majority of the execution time of a ray tracer is spent in ray-object intersection
code.

 true
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 false
Question No: 160

In the Pixar short “Geri’s Game”, the trees in the background were created using
which of the following techniques?

 Fractals
 Bump mapping
 Environment mapping
 Catmull-Clark Subdivision Surfaces
Question No: 161

The basic functions fi(u) in Bezier curve must be symmetric with respect to u and
(u-2)

 yes
 no (Page 344)
Question No: 162

In the Pixar short “Geri’s Game”, Geri’s glasses seemed to bend the light as it
passed through. Which of the following techniques was used?

 Fractals
 Bump mapping
 Environment mapping
 Catmull-Clark Subdivision Surfaces
Question No: 163

A polygon is usually defined by a sequence of vertices and ------------------

 Edges (Page 149)

 Vertices
 Points Ending lines
Question No: 164
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Gouraud shading is the current de jure shading standard in accelerated ------------
hardware.

 2Dimensional
 3Dimensional (Page 248)
 Multidimensional
 None
Question No: 165

_ is based on characteristic size or scale

 Fractal Geometry (Fractal shapes are self similar and independent of size or
scaling)
 Traditional Geometry
 Euclidean Geometry (Euclidean shapes normally have a few characteristic
sizes or lengthscales) (Page 361)
 None of Above
Question No: 166

Arrange the scene to be photographed into the desired composition

 projection transformation
 viewport transformation
 modeling transformation (Page 375)
 viewing transformation
Question No: 167

Which language API defines graphics operations independent of the operating

system or computer hardware? Additional hardware specific libraries are used to
provide an interface between API and the hardware and between the user and the
platform specific windowing system.

 DirectX
 Graphic Windowing Toolkit
 CGI
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 OpenGL (Page 305)
Question No: 168

When transforming a random Axis-Aligned Bounding Box defined by the points

(nearx, neary, nearz) and (farx, fary, farz) to the standard orthographic viewing
box, which affine transforms are used?

 shear and translation

 rotation and scale
 scale and shear
 Translation and scale
Question No: 169

Shadow mask methods can display a range of colors.

 Small
 Wide (Page 28)
 Random
 Crazy
Question No: 170

Each number that makes up a matrix is called an of the matrix.

 Element (Page 109)

 Variable
 Value
 Component