CTP Oreamuno

Accounting
Grade: Twelfth
Unit of Study: Statistics

Habilidades cualitativas se escriben con adjetivos,con caracteristicas

Statistics:
It´s a science that deals with gathering, processing, analyzing and
interpreting data.

There are two types of statistics:

1) Descriptive Statistics:
It shows the statistical information by means of charts, tables
and graphs.

2) Inferential Statistics:
It infers the characteristics of a “whole” called population by the
observation and analysis of a little part of this population called “sample”

Population: It’s the entire set of individuals in which a statistical study is interested.

Sample: It is a subset containing the characteristics of a larger population. Samples are

used in statistical testing when population’s size is too large for the test to include all
possible members or observations.
**** Most of statistical studies are based on samples.

Observation:
An observation in statistics is a value of something of interest you're
measuring or counting during a study or experiment: a person's height, a bank account
value at a certain point in time, or number of animals.

Statistical Unit:
A statistical unit is a unit of observation or measurement for which data
are collected or derived.
The statistical unit is therefore the basic element for compiling and tabulating statistical
data.

Category:
It´s a group of statistical units that share a specific characteristic.

Frequency:
In statistics the frequency (or absolute frequency) of an event is the
number. of times the event occurred in an experiment or study.
Variable: It´s the characteristic of interest in the statistical unit.

There are two types of statistical variables:

1) Qualitative Variable (Categorical Variable):

It has values that describe a 'quality' or
'characteristic' of a statistical unit.

There are two types of qualitative variables:

a) Ordinal Variable:
The categories can be created and arranged before the statistical
study is carried out.

Examples:

- What’s your opinion about CostaRican Health Sysytem?

Category fr
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Regular
Bad
Very bad

b) Nominal Variable:
The categories can be created and arranged after the statistical
study is carried out. The rank is based on frequency.

Example:

Where do you live?

Category fr
c) Binary variable:
It shows the presence or absence of a characteristic in the statistical
unit.

Examples:

1) Do you own a laptop?

Yes ______ No ______

2) Gender:

Male _____ Female _____

3) What’s your preferred soccer team?

Saprissa ______ La Liga ________

2) Quantitative Variable (Numeric Variable):

It has values that describe a measurable
quantity as a number, like 'how many' or 'how much'.

a) Continuous Variable: It gives to the statistical unit a “Real Number” (A number that
can be expressed in decimals).

Examples:

a) The average height of a group of people.

b) The average weight of a herd.
c) The average of the grades obtained by a group of students in a chemistry exam.

a) Discrete Variable: It gives to the statistical unit a “Whole Number”

Examples:

a) The amount of votes obtained by a candidate in an election.

b) The amount of students in classroom.
c) The amount units produced in a manufacturing company during a day.
Practice:

1) Average of deposits made by depositors in a bank during a week

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

2) Total amount of banks that run operations in Costa Rica.

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

3) What is your technical teacher’s category:

VT - 1
VT - 2
VT - 3
VT - 4
VT - 5
VT - 6

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

4) What’s your preferred soccer team in Costa Rica?:

Category fr

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

5)
The height of a patient:

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

6) Do you have internet connection at home?

Yes ______ No _______

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

7) How old are you?

Years Months

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

8) Match your academic level:

Category
Technician
Bachelor
Magister
PhD

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

9) Total goals scored by a team in a championship.

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x
10) Average of goals / match scored by a team in a championship.

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

11) What’s your preferred fast food restaurant:

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

12) Total yesterday’s positive Covid-19 tests:

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

13) Total number of blondie girls in a group of people:

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

14) What’s your blood type?

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

15) What´s your phone service provider?

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

16) Do you agree to human cloning?

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

17) What’s the currency exchange rate in dollars?

 Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable
Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x

18) What’s your opinion about how the government has managed the current
Coronavirus crisis in Costa Rica?

Positive _________
Negative ________

Qualitative Variable Quantitative Variable

Ordinal Nominal Binary Continuous Discrete
x