me? Fee —-
cous <5 ‘Helle Git 5.
veturh 0 +
Cbool) —
x VaWables > aht tat char, double bdclear
SC ++ DATAL Types: categerised in
three Grenrs i
r
bi array, function pointer
fete : Local variables has higher
precedence than ial sanaile
<<_—7 This operator is called insertion 4
2% —__ Extraction operator ¥ float takes 4 bytes
double takes 8 bytes
long, double fakes 12 by tes
#| Typecast 2 i tlodtiid = 34:40Fy F/F = Float}
[lata deublece = 24/4 U7 7i/L + lena
5 double
we can Use gmat) for Fo / tor L
[lex 34:4 —» 8 Cdefault)
] 4-445 4 By default ib consider
¥ 34:4TF = 4 as a double
SaaS Pi
Saari be eA ¥ 76
+ Reference Vawiables i: fleat x = 458°
float By mo x!
Reference variable couk
ecm agg we cay alSo use C-4)
Exit ing olor:
cout << sew
cout <<
Goumee cere Gs
Se bw 4) 214 Kepresen wid th while dis
out put
> Order precedence and associativily Ci
esese jp sais
(4) Mee me end |
Cais 44 endl
el
y 46 ce 2s end hi
R4
i Tt
Snes
CSL Gas. ease
Post iix
Un apy 4 owl eH Bee pe)
; & Gear i
M ultiplicadi vel Poe aes
Additive Ne
Shit t Bev
Relational 43 >5 3
Equality =a le
Biwise AND ».
Bitwise OR A
Logical AND oS
Logica) OR 1
Conditions Pal
_ Assignment 2Heee PSeiye =>>=
Comm x Control Structure 2 i> Sequence — Nermal
“there are Three ay Selection > if, else ihsuith
type ck control 25 Loop for do while ete
beuc ture
Sen coe yes ste True ig cobsidered as 1
and _fals iS nsicdered as oO
ese rt a We ne
while C{rue) £ UiilenoGtwaey Ss 4
out << i<¢end\ / printtC® sed 13)
en: i4+4¢
* i
Output: Intinite leep Gulpub : Error
a ic hie mG. aes
Note 2 Break “used ih all loops and ih
: witch statement
ii) Continue Wed only in all loops
like tor, do while, while
ay) Switch slatement js valid for int and char
~ Pointer a Madiessi ich opera} or 5
nx
=
> _ Pere ternce operator
Exeseaui es Coes ae
fn he that means p paints oh
pemark | Liest element ol _arkay
Wel: mark [o] i x int Heckants |
lot *( .
out on
Out pub {23
56
Explanation: firstly p ‘S pink which
Ehenwehpeey Cy Inndae mene Comss. ww
points chi (1) which is Morlemiis
then aqaih (++) increments apply me:
Trois al Goa then prin’ hence, 56 dis
AMS
To ee
SECs eS
int Cotati pian On aay, ae
=
x
Pow Caen Gan Weems : a
cou kaw, Get wee Carlie: :
a Bh
iS
|
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y
=
OLN ia] ple
+(p+o) ou Cos Wage Cerny 2 (eS
i 1 he 24 Ne a a4 ee
ad * Structure ond Union
Struct éomn 1 fypede® _steuct comp 4
int id r Aine ee i
har Pow > chor fou -
Floakb salary ; flout salary %
suet 1 fe
inf main C ) i main C )
beach comp a + | Geib t pals
a-id = Qo: Onis ais? O =
flea
cout << a-id << end |
couk<< avid < , o—
i:
=
*
Functisn
uy TE Qunchion camel labter math ©) 4
i then Function prototype is _compulscy
2% Eunchion prototype fells the compile,
aves | an assuteay that function came,
atler maihc) functish
Exe ‘mt sum Cint a, int b eh Function
int maih CYL.
PRE OUI i
Cin >>a>> b | ]
cout << sum (Cab) > Function cal]
| re fur 6 *
int sum Cint a int bYF
hb G.= obly (
return (©:
q :
Te a Bani
OSC Cint ine wees acceptab a. 7
x int | Sums Cini apply yi Hebhcicceptabl< or | we can wrile in
Bee roid gCvoid) |
void 4 s Go: both method
indawern ee
Cul aa
hae turn Ov
Tc
See 1 WiredSoap: cpp
}
id g OF
:
ie peageay
| cout << S Good morning ”
sé i
* Cat) by reference variable
Yai wap yar @ Ane. J S@. Me Ds
i Ve = tohile using painler
Ee Gnt *a yet +b)
brows: on temp = AG °
1 ease:
b= temp
Th main) function
Stoap var C x,y)?
Lyssa, nelerence variables:
Th main c) dancin
Swap var ( bx 2S
Using pointes
_ erence . NEE \
Note : Tt is hot gaurantee thal oe Wmcihe is
inline function Wis ar request “t }
depend on compiler te acho eee
Inline EuncYien Bl
Thine funclion js likely oF mua be
used when functioh 45 4+ cole. \
smail, and not used ih _Swilch/ loop 9
QTC
Uhre
42) The “purpose oh inlihe) Tumetion 1S bo save
time, when we call same Funchion ine
Limes ip _main C) fdunetion
t S7—there is _highly vecomanded That we new
inti {nction Wy PE CUpsion and
i ial in ki line
Ex inline int product Citipeo ing by {
return a* b *
4
int main ©) f
‘nt. vat bare a
cout << Enter the svalue lof a and b” <<
fem aires
cout <<" The product is” Kproduct Cab) << ¢
oul << ) \
i £2 ey
Coub <4 ! 1 é Cndl
(geuancas W y 24 end Le
small oh this i
Function ,
may dime: and dso Function ce is_ver
ed inline
il a
: o in this code. be. call) same tunchioh — x Default Araument | Constant Arsgument
SITE is necessary that default ariument is _on
bight i
BL deat imlerest Cink money | flood Factor =104)
return mnchey * qaclor - IL dedaulh oegernent
in Wadi 1 OSI.
int ab im }
ME m = 100000 |
= | eout 44" You received’ <4 interest Cm ) <4 end iE 4
I/bbe We passing wo ohe value jh funclioh Lem
Iso by debut af chese Jacher = 1-04
> lenut <<" You received ” << interest Cm 1:1) end |:
Hi Wn aS Cxample lena) copic d fo Sache
factor = 1-1
relurh 0 |
Oulput 2 164 000 > default arguinend
(RO: 010.0 vineerie wie passed is] valu
*)| Constant aerument: § be Binplyeused
arcament ean
( cons Float Factor) se. th (ea ca HT ted fibonacci series
(ul
I
ie
qh
i
nl a | Prefer: | cxne eel numa Recttes eras
im T g
Dl fades ial One eee ees _
Fibonacci » (fibo Cn= aaa
———
a Funclien Overloach ing = bi
with differed
Fanclicn with same name
work
Compilee identidied with the help of.
oF orgie Yo which function it should |
4
Prefer progpon Function averloading Cit)
Se ee
procedure = oriente pasgeanmings
* Nols ; a as) dlinect ae Lype a
“siving nome = “Hello teri 1% *
Sib cout << home 4 9 aA
Output 5 Helle World 1 T ic
+ Classes and Object
| Object
Okects are independent unit and each hes
its’ own identity just os object in real
world 0
describe ‘Them _ this charucherislics aie
ulso called obbribules
Attributes mean it clescribes the current
[ state of an abject
ext: Ob, ects con have multiple attributes C the mug
conus emply wed or lor ge) aoe. cuss
might be fail of water another might be
ma
| x Objects also hove characteristics that ore used —
|
12. imensio eschibe an
she OoP.
aia
e adivibutes
iy behavior
—4) Th_pengeamming an objec is sell =conlained,
with is sau en ale nc seperate trom
1
aT ai che sci be. hs Current state,
Each exhibils is owh behavior whicl
demonstrates whal they can do rs ee ee
Note: By default class memes _ ’
iS private =
> the class describe whats the object
is_separate From the. object bse
Th other jnowd’. 4! an clase déscribed
obiectis | blueprint , de cription oe lef
WE can use sare blue print Por cisea!
+ Ex= multiple ditferen! objects. Ee
Exiulsame blueprint used t Creat
muttiple laildings which is used ]
baci for actually buildings the sheuct
2y Fach class has a harme and describe a
atbeibules and behavior attributes are |
we fore woper Lies = aa)
a> Methad ic _ agin Fern fomila. class's
ehavicr_, is__basi Jon
that cle to_u class. ]
Vethod ape similar. ts Nanchions = They cre
|______ibleck of code [hat awe called) and [hey
Can also perforin actions and. eeturh voles.
e
called instantiation
T exis nome 3» Bank Account c
: alimbulcd.: sLNGM MMO peccd
bchavior i _apen@) close€) deposit ()-
We. ct), QS Ges class the ala “character
for crcating a bankihg, PRO gsc a a oe
#1) De alawingi }
retin © OEREOM, y
hue lial Vefrition |
the class
ih
couk <4" The, suime isms Sum -setdala(x,y, E
m2.
return O° aL
J i
pucks PT hes 1st Kees
Prefer pregpesua t Cleisses Cte i
OTe ~
Abstraction 1 The concept af absiractien js
hat we Pocus oh tial qualitie
pcs
sl
rather than the specific characleristics of
one partictilae example
Th short ibstraction mean focus ah the
Ssen} ial qualitie of som eithivicy
When you use cork youre actually Using
the cout object at the class oS1ream
Thi Stream data to result in standar
output
A qoocl real-world example is a book : when
aw sheae the teem beck yOu Jon‘t know
the exact Specifics ie: the page count,
the color the size but you eld cl the
ide oh og book - the abstraction of the book
Absteaction acts as a Foinclation for the
ie
other £ orientation Jundamentals uch
as inheritance and _polytneis phisin
* Encap ulation ?
Dl Encapsulolicn is alse catled as dala hiding
and and black boxine,”
2) Encapsulation allows us be hide detail
of a class Yealizabion . Paice: oe ty,
awl Canali the (oy y Aate is. ss
aa a re Plexible 6 ha i
i pe alia
ni
f other park of code =
aia
olf ecting :
ida eee ect
in a in =
[] ss encapsulate on —alyettis —atnibate.
he ahd methad =
ote 1 structure Ih C +h 1S dypedel
~ docsh't need) to add_aditionally
ace Variable to structure.
* To find length se szitg =
~\
Ex ih meth) a
| tring name =“ Hello mobo”:
cout << name |
Output Hella) mete, 3
(fans int main’ Cy g -
ii sixing name =“ Helle moto”
| out S
Using namespac stl.
dg
ocx. +#include < ics treat *
!
int main CY
ink ja tdeut =
char fi i Cie
string pame =~ Vikolp monas ”
cout <4 hame << end | +
for {=o i cname length © ~ j +4) 4
if Chame atC c= Nod olhidivened icubed wacie’ 1
hame at i4_\I_pame ila Ge) AO UV
heme, sobGi) ss DU 4s)
Col 4 +
7
out There are’ << Count <<" vowels present
in _stying ” <4 endl °
: returh O°
Vikalp monas
Output i Theme are 4 yawels present in string
X ot Tt mean heck ubtil ‘x?
=x Th means check or disslay
je only for! x?
Ane ther example 7 mire
Note :
u" inh itemId floods
int iter Price (100) 7
int ¢ounher |
public _
cid inikCounler C)d counter = 0
aid sel Price Gow, ,
void display Peice CO,
roid Shopst i sebPhice G) 4 a
£ i Du a
cout <<" Eater Tell Vaca iret now. * thew Toute i
cout <<"Ehler Price ot yours ier’ << ec: |
cin >> item Price Leoounter 1) aa
Counter ++)
4
void shop 2° displayPrice Cy
for Cint 1207 }ccountele s yee)
cout <<" The Pricarch Hew with Td”
a3 ten Cec Mess ile!
7 /" salary is privat |
cout <<* Enter the id leNetiee tule: Demeed
of employee é< endl: variables inside the.
cih >> iol | class abject es
_void getid Cuoi d)
cout The id of this etmplyee is” «id << endl:
t .
7
int moih ©)
Fmplayee tl ea
or Cindi 0° 1464o ik)
Pe ay
r Pb Cid get Td fans
Prcther) ceample 2 Tut US s2ignd Tut 25-1 an
aii ee
= Piendia 6 Functions -++— _*
Class Complex e
a Rian comm een ERD con
lic E
void! set Nuenles GBs Wass /aene i) i
GQ. Se ee a
= ne ——
q as.
it otd printNum ber Ov ———
lI cota <4) You win num lembign mecleeae TT << b <<",
7 i
1 : uM fe :
+
& Complex surnComplea Ceomplex Ol Covplex 2)
complex 6 3° ig
o3: set Number (Cola +07: ai Goi: bt o2:!
wechurbodgil 1 Loot
wed ae We are petu i
[ int main CY £ value O23 hence J
Complies ai ¢ um ccm weed to create
| ci-setNuwmber C1 4) + conn, hd_al
C1. _printNumbe ¢)« point Rl aa
| properties of | 4
Dunction comes ch
actich | Hence_u
Weed! {0 Beck
ih complex class ——
I cr set Number (5 ay
VW C2: print Number C ‘
Sum= SsumComplex Ceci al
came printNumber ©):
Siu | Soom 7
S Ww - — |
i Propertics ot _Idviend functions,
t
) Net in the scope af class) means sumcamplox
has acess to private members at complex _¢ lass
Lut scm plex iS not member ot clas: complex |
a5! Since Jif is not in the scope of the class it
‘annot be called trom the abi ck of That cles
eile ur Complex Q)== Thvalid
2 Con be invoked without the help of any object
4) Usually contains The objects as argument
s) Can be declared inside public of private secbich
b the class
ETE cannot acess the members clirectly by their
hames and need objects — name + member — name to
to acess ony Wem beps
qT Jutred => Pow weference of this proyras
* We can make whole clu cite ey dniend
and give acess ho any wember
ee af MKT 2
More heed to study friend Junction with the same names oS
ay TE is used to initialize the alyects cl
29 TH is automatically invoked whenever an
is_created eS
4) Cans true WG) cE bReWE oat ee
cungam ent is called defaalt fons feu
2 sheuld be declare hve. tha publi
cliss
E
62 Do hot have vetueh + Pe Gna _they Penh ot _
weturb Value
S Th can have, default agement,
8y We cannot fete TS theite — s
Ex 2 atte eae me cla Comm plex
— é i
Chiat) el
public
Complex (void ) Complex GRY)
=> _paramelerize
void» print Number ©) constructor
&
Goud << Your! number 9x4 axe << b<< “iccendl
ie
Complex 2% Complex (void) fl default constructor
£ Complex Cint x iniy)=--” parameterized
uso constructor
Wet ob
5
int mai C ,
2
= Gorrpllexer ae Yow orale
em pcint Number ©) +
2 prin t Namber iz.
3 print Numberc yj
* rCturh 6%
_ output ; Your number Is 16 +01
|
Your umber 1§ Jo +01
Your numer 1S ole +04 an bhi
public x
Connie (ME eve Constructo”
eid print Number ©) 4
Tl out <2 Your number gms sem oe
i Com plea: Complex Cint x indy => Th
| f a pavometenized consi
|! oq 2S —
a i
} k end
i int_moin C) 2 —
| Tin plicit cal)
| Con plicx en CAN Gp ae
a- print iNumber C) *
| Complex L= Consiont) Sie = a
Co ein Numbers Ce % Explicit F
veefurh 6!
+ ee 3
. Your i
Warber LS.
Tuto3Z0.1/ 20k BT ate = ONS,
or verload ing 2
class Complex
fyi |g
public
Complex C) {
ato:
pr stom
Complea Cink x indy ) IP if we suse
complex tht x ‘inty = 5)
QS at =a? gives GN eyeroye
be ee because compiler not
3 recognized to _inuck
Cornplex Cink x) £ which constructor
Qex? So we didwt used
Leo: default constructors
ih _cons bructove
veal print Num bere Cn)
{
overloadin
og
th
coub& Your number jg”
f
Complex co 3y
c3 prin {Number ONE
Compler_c1 4, 6):
c1- print Nunbe eC) returh 6
31
| Complex o2 (5) * Output: Your numer iS 44 61
C2: prihtNumler C) } f Sl
AL ‘Ono = ! # include 4 iostreom?
usih amespuce std,
la i ph
i | eee a
int _datat dalar dota,
public » - B
z imple Cinta No tbeed sntc2 3%) =
| dafat= a< : f
| dala 2= & alee
data 3 =e aN
3
eid_printbata C) x x
Ce
void simple 1 priht Dalad) i a
cout <<" The value of datlad data 2, Al
ig. <4 datal "dala 2d¢" and” di
int _maih ©) £
im ple SC ihe ee
S-ppihtData C)?
|
returh 6!
2.
3 Ce N
Output: The value ot dabad dake2 Be dates
alii aaa V2,\2 and 3
ee ad Numbe
class ,
int a
public. t
Number Cint num)
a = hum *
cs
adh pain © 4
out <* Your number ig “<4 a << endl | |
x .
ee GD ned
Number b C59! L_@utput +
b- print ©)? | Your number is §
5
* class Number {
filinviee ue
public 4
Number) f {
Nambere Cint num) £
CES wenn
Y
void print C) eh
cou 46" Noumbinumberianis Muzaa <« endl’
we
int main C) Output!
Rem?) Nuwberova, i ‘1 Nour Nember iS 5
a= Number(5)
Q Tee); lta
