2.energy Resourse

Energy Resources
Shaikh A.A.F.
What Is Energy?
Energy is the ability / Capacity of a system to perform work
The sun is the main source of energy on Earth.
Other energy sources include:
• Coal,
• Geothermal energy,
• Wind energy,
• Biomass,
• Petrol,
• Nuclear energy,
Natural resources
Natural resources are materials
from the Earth that are used to
support life and meet people’s
needs.
Forest
Mineral water
NATURAL
RESOURSES
Land Energy
Forest resource
Forest resources means
those natural assets of forest
lands, including
Timber;
forest crops;
fish;
flora ;
fauna;
air;
water;
soil;
Water resources are natural resources of water that are
potentially useful for humans
The sun is the main source of energy on Earth.
Other energy sources include:
• Coal,
• Geothermal energy,
• Wind energy,
• Biomass,
• Petrol,
• Nuclear energy,
Land is a naturally occurring finite resource. It
provides the base for survival of living beings. It
holds everything that constitutes terrestrial
ecosystems. Increased demand on land in modern
times due to the rise in human population and
resultant activities has resulted in degradation of
land quality and quantity, decline in crop
production, and competition for land.
A renewable resource can
replenish itself at the rate
it is used, while a non-
renewable resource has a
limited supply.
Available in large quantity Available in less quantity
Replenish naturally Not replenish naturally
Available in low cost Costlier
Emits low Carbon in Atmosphere Emits high Carbon in Atmosphere
Eco-friendly Not Eco-friendly
Causes the depletion of our natural resources
• Overpopulation. With 7 billion people on the planet, the demand on Earth’s resources
continue to increase.
• Overconsumption and waste. This is the excessive and unnecessary use of resources.
• Deforestation and the Destruction of Ecosystems leading to loss of biodiversity.
• Mining of Minerals and Oil.
• Technological and Industrial Development.
• Poor farming practise.
• Pollution and Contamination of resources.
Effect the depletion of our natural resources
• Water shortage.
• Oil depletion.
• Loss of forest.
• Depletion of mineral.
• Extinction of species.
Current demand for fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) is 66% of total energy
demand. Source: IEA World Energy Outlook, 2022. The remaining sources
include nuclear power, biofuels, hydro, and other renewables such as solar,
wind and geothermal energy.
Oil is the transportation
industry’s primary source of
energy, and it is one of the
biggest industries in the
world. But it is also a
significant source of carbon
dioxide (CO2) emissions,
which degrades our
environment.
Oil is the world’s
primary fuel source for
transportation But it
also contributes to
climate change via the
release of greenhouse
gas emissions (GHGs)
upon combustion.
Oil is referred to as crude oil
when it is first extracted and
then as petroleum products
after it has been refined and
processed. Petroleum
products made from crude oil
include gasoline, distillates
(diesel fuel and heating oil),
jet fuel, waxes, lubricating
oils, and asphalt.
Natural gas is a fossil fuel. Like other fossil fuels such as coal and oil, natural gas
forms from the plants, animals, and microorganisms that lived millions of years
ago.
There are several different theories to explain how fossil fuels are formed. The
most prevalent theory is that they form underground, under intense conditions.
As plants, animals, and microorganisms decompose, they are gradually covered
by layers of soil, sediment, and sometimes rock. Over millions of years,
the organic matter is compressed. As the organic matter moves deeper into
Earth’s crust, it encounters higher and higher temperatures.
The combination of compression and high temperature causes the carbon

bonds in the organic matter to break down. This molecular breakdown
produces thermogenic methane—natural gas. Methane, probably the most
abundant organic compound on Earth, is made of carbon and hydrogen (CH4).
Natural gas does not have to be
formed deep underground,
however. It can also be formed by
tiny microorganisms
called methanogens. Methanogens
live in the intestines of animals
(including humans) and in low-
oxygen areas near the surface of
Earth. Landfills, for example, are full
of decomposing matter that
methanogens break down into a
type of methane
called biogenic methane. The
process of methanogens creating
natural gas (methane) is
called methanogenesis.
Coal plays a vital role in electricity generation
worldwide. Coal-fired plants produce electricity by
burning coal in a boiler to produce steam. The
steam produced, under tremendous pressure,
flows into a turbine, which spins a generator to
create electricity. The steam is then cooled,
condensed back into water and returned to the
boiler to start the process over.
Coalification of coal
As we move from
Peat to anthracite
%C increases and
hence its calorific
value increases
Nuclear Energy
Nuclear energy is the energy in the nucleus, or core, of an
atom. Nuclear energy can be used to create electricity, but it
must first be released from the atom.
Nuclear energy is the energy in
the nucleus, or core, of
an atom. Atoms are tiny units that make
up all matter in the universe, and energy
is what holds the nucleus together. There
is a huge amount of energy in an atom's
dense nucleus. In fact, the power that
holds the nucleus together is officially
called the "strong force."
Nuclear energy can be used to

create electricity, but it must first be
released from the atom. In the process
of nuclear fission, atoms are split to
release that energy.
Hydroelectric energy, also called
hydroelectric power
or hydroelectricity, is a form
of energy that harnesses the power
of water in motion—such as water
flowing over a waterfall—to
generate electricity. People have
used this force for millennia. Over
two thousand years ago, people in
Greece used flowing water to turn
the wheel of their mill to ground
wheat into flour.
Most hydroelectric power plants have a reservoir of water, a gate or
valve to control how much water flows out of the reservoir, and an
outlet or place where the water ends up after flowing downward.
Water gains potential energy just before it spills over the top of a
dam or flows down a hill.
The potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as water flows

downhill. The water can be used to turn the blades of a turbine to
generate electricity, which is distributed to the power plant’s
customers.
Geothermal energy is heat energy from the earth—Geo (earth) + thermal (heat).
Geothermal resources are reservoirs of hot water that exist or are human made at varying
temperatures and depths below the Earth's surface.
What Is Energy Conservation?
Energy conservation is the decision and practice of using less energy.
Turning off the light when you leave the room, unplugging appliances
when they’re not in use and walking instead of driving are all
examples of energy conservation. The two main reasons people
conserve energy are to gain more control over their energy bill and
reduce the demand on the earth’s natural resources.
Best Ways to Conserve Energy in Daily Life
• Adjust your day-to-day behaviours to turn off devices and appliances when not in use. Purchase devices and
appliances which consume less energy.
• Adapt smart power strips: Do you know power or energy is consumed when the appliances are not in use.
Yes, appliances draw power from outlets and are referred to as phantom loads. These smart power strips will
help to cut down on phantom-load costs and save energy.
• Refrigerators are one of the main appliances that consume power. Keep the setting of the refrigerator low to
save energy.
• Using CFL and LED bulbs to save energy. Regular incandescent bulbs consume more energy than CFL and LED.
• Clean or replace air filters as recommended. Air conditioners (AC) and heaters consume more energy than
other appliances. Cleaning or replacing air filters improves efficiency and consumes less energy.
• Operate dishwasher and washing machines in a full load. To get the most energy-saving use from each run
cycle.
• Using a laptop instead of desktop computers can save considerable energy.
• Install water-saver showerheads to help with conserving hot water and save power.
• Use a slow cooker, toaster oven, or microwave oven over a conventional oven. Also, use utensils made of
ceramic and glass.
• Cycling is the best way to save fuel.
• Walking instead of driving also saves energy.
• Skip the dryer on a breezy day and dry clothes on the clothesline.
Benefits of Conservation of Energy
• Energy conservation helps in :
• Saves the cost and lowers your utility bills.
• Prolongs the existence of fossil fuels.
• Protects the environment.
• Reduces pollution.
Remember:
Energy conservation day is celebrated on the 14th of
December every year.

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Energy Resources

The combination of compression and high temperature causes the carbon

Nuclear energy can be used to

The potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as water flows

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