Static Stress

1. A coil chain of a crane required to carry a maximum load of 50 kN, Find the
diameter of the link stock, if the permissible tensile stress in the link material is
not to exceed 75 MPa.
2. A cast iron link is required to transmit a steady tensile load of 45 kN. Find the
tensile stress induced in the link material at sections A-A and B-B.
3. A hydraulic press exerts a total load of 3.5 MN. This load is carried by two steel
rods, supporting the upper head of the press. If the safe stress is 85 MPa and E =
210 kN/mm2, find : 1. diameter of the rods, and 2. extension in each rod in a length
of 2.5 m.
4.The piston rod of a steam engine is 50 mm in diameter and 600 mm long. The
diameter of the piston is 400 mm and the maximum steam pressure is 0.9
N/mm2. Find the compression of the piston rod if the Young's modulus for the
material of the piston rod is 210 kN/mm2
5. Calculate the force required to punch a circular blank of 60 mm diameter in a
plate of 5 mm thick. The ultimate shear stress of the plate is 350 N/mm2.
 6. A pull of 80 kN is transmitted from a bar X to the bar Y through a pin. If the
maximum permissible tensile stress in the bars is 100 N/mm2 and the
permissible shear stress in the pin is 80 N/mm2, find the diameter of bars and
of the pin.

*Since the tensile load P tends to shear off

the pin at two sectionsi.e.at AB and CD,
therefore the pin is in double shear.
 7. Two plates 16 mm thick are joined by a double riveted lap joint. The rivets
are 25 mm in diameter. Find the crushing stress induced between the plates
and the rivet, if the maximum tensile load on the joint is 48 kN.

Since the joint is double riveted, strength of two rivets in bearing (or crushing) is taken.
We know that crushing stress induced between the plates and the rivets,
8. A journal 25 mm in diameter supported in sliding bearings has a maximum
end reaction of 2500 N. Assuming an allowable bearing pressure of 5 N/mm2,
find the length of the sliding bearing.
9. A mild steel rod supports a tensile load of 50 kN. If the stress in the rod is
limited to 100 MPa, find the size of the rod when the cross-section is 1. circular,
2. square, and 3. rectangular with width = 3 × thickness.
11. A shaft is transmitting 97.5 kW at 180 r.p.m. If the allowable shear stress in
the material is 60 MPa, find the suitable diameter for the shaft. The shaft is not
to twist more that 1° in a length of 3 metres. Take C or G = 80 GPa.

Taking larger of the two values, we

shall provide d= 103 say 105 mm
10. A shaft is transmitting 100 kW at 160 r.p.m. Find a suitable diameter for the
shaft, if the maximum torque transmitted exceeds the mean by 25%. Take
maximum allowable shear stress as 70 MPa.
12. An axle 1 metre long supported in bearings at its ends carries a fly wheel
weighing 30 kN at the centre. If the stress (bending) is not to exceed 60 MPa,
find the diameter of the axle.
13. A beam of uniform rectangular cross-section is fixed at one end and carries
an electric motor weighing 400 N at a distance of 300 mm from the fixed end.
The maximum bending stress in the beam is 40 MPa. Find the width and depth
of the beam, if depth is twice that of width.
14. A cast iron pulley transmits 10 kW at 400 r.p.m. The diameter of the pulley
is 1.2 metre and it has four straight arms of elliptical cross-section, in which the
major axis is twice the minor axis. Determine the dimensions of the arm if the
allowable bending stress is 15 MPa.

Since the torque transmitted is the product of the tangential load and the radius of the pulley,
therefore tangential load acting on the pulley
Let 2b= Minor axis in mm, and
2a= Major axis in mm = 2 × 2b= 4b

Since the pulley has four arms, therefore

tangential load on each arm

and maximum bending moment on the arm,

M=W× R= 99.2 × 600 = 59 520 N-mm

Minor axis, 2b= 2 × 10.8 = 21.6 mm and major axis, 2a= 2 × 2b= 4 × 10.8 = 43.2 mm
 COMBINED LOADING
15. A shaft, as shown in Figure, is subjected to a bending load of 3 kN, pure
torque of 1000 N-m and an axial pulling force of 15 kN. Calculate the stresses at
A and B.

∴Resultant tensile stress at point A,

σA= σb+ σo = 61.1 + 7.64 = 68.74 MPa

Tensile stress due to axial pulling at points A and B, Resultant compressive stress at point B,
σB = σb– σo = 61.1 – 7.64 = 53.46 MPa
We know that the shear stress at points A and B
Bending moment at points A and B, due to the torque transmitted,
M =W.x= 3000 × 250 = 750 × 103N-mm

Stresses at point A Stresses at point B

σ A(max)= 87.67 MPa (T) σ B(max)= 75.46 MPa (C)
σ A(min)= 18.93 MPa (C) σ B(min)= 22MPa (T)
τA(max) = 53.3 MPa τB(max) = 48.73 MPa

This bending stress is tensile at point Aand compressive at point B.

 16. A hollow shaft of 40 mm outer diameter and 25 mm inner diameter is
subjected to a twisting moment of 120 N-m, simultaneously, it is subjected to
an axial thrust of 10 kN and a bending moment of 80 N-m. Calculate the
maximum compressive and shear stresses.

∴Direct compressive stress due to axial thrust, Bending stress due to bending moment,

Resultant compressive stress,

 17. An overhang crank with pin and shaft is shown in Figure. A tangential load
of 15 kN acts on the crank pin. Determine the maximum principal stress and
the maximum shear stress at the centre of the crankshaft bearing.
Solution. Given : W= 15 kN = 15 × 103 N; d=80
mm ; y= 140 mm ; x= 120 mm
Bending moment at the centre of the
crankshaft bearing,
M=W× x= 15 × 103 × 120 = 1.8 × 106 N-mm
and torque transmitted at the axis of the shaft,
T=W× y= 15 × 103× 140 = 2.1 × 10 6N-mm

Maximum principal stress Maximum shear stress

 Theories of Failure
18. The load on a bolt consists of an axial pull of 10 kN together with a
transverse shear force of 5 kN. Find the diameter of bolt required according to
1. Maximum principal stress theory; 2. Maximum shear stress theory; 3..
Maximum distortion energy theory. Take permissible tensile stress at elastic
limit = 100 MPa and poisson’s ratio = 0.3.
19. A mild steel shaft of 50 mm diameter is subjected to a bending moment of 2000
N-m and a torque T. If the yield point of the steel in tension is 200 MPa, find the
maximum value of this torque without causing yielding of the shaft according to 1.
the maximum principal stress; 2. the maximum shear stress; and 3. the maximum
distortion strain energy theory of yielding.
20. A cylindrical shaft made of steel of yield strength 700 MPa is subjected to
static loads consisting of bending moment 10 kN-m and a torsional moment 30
kN-m. Determine the diameter of the shaft using two different theories of
failure, and assuming a factor of safety of 2. Take E = 210 GPa and poisson's
ratio = 0.25.