2022

AP Statistics
®

Free-Response Questions

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 Formulas for AP Statistics
I. Descriptive Statistics

1 ∑ xi 1 2 ∑ ( xi − x )2
x = ∑ xi = s=
x ∑ ( xi − x )=
n n n −1 n −1

ŷ= a + bx y= a + bx

1 x − x   yi − y  sy
=r ∑ i b=r
n − 1  s x  s y  sx

II. Probability and Distributions

P ( A ∩ B)
P ( A ∪ B )= P ( A ) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B ) P ( A | B) =
P ( B)

Probability Distribution Mean Standard Deviation

µ X = E ( X ) = ∑ xi P ( xi ) 2
Discrete random variable, X σ X = ∑ ( xi − µ X ) P ( xi )

If 𝑋𝑋 has a binomial distribution

with parameters n and p, then:
µ X = np σX
= np (1 − p )
n
P( X= x= )   p x (1 − p )n − x
 x
where x = 0, 1, 2, 3,  , n

If 𝑋𝑋 has a geometric distribution

1 1− p
with parameter p, then: µX = σX =
p p
P ( X= x= ) (1 − p ) x −1 p
where x = 1, 2, 3, 

III. Sampling Distributions and Inferential Statistics

statistic − parameter
Standardized test statistic:
standard error of the statistic

Confidence interval: statistic ± ( critical value )( standard error of statistic )

( observed − expected )2
Chi-square statistic: χ 2 = ∑ expected
III. Sampling Distributions and Inferential Statistics (continued)
Sampling distributions for proportions:

Random Parameters of Standard Error*

Variable Sampling Distribution of Sample Statistic
For one
population: µ p̂ = p p (1 − p ) p̂ (1 − p̂ )
σ p̂ = s p̂ =
p̂ n n

For two p̂1 (1 − p̂1 ) p̂2 (1 − p̂2 )

populations:
µ p̂ − p̂= p1 − p2
σ p̂ − p̂
= +
) s p̂1 − p̂2
p1 (1 − p1 ) p2 (1 − p2= n1
+
n2
p̂1 − pˆ 2 1 2
n1 n2
1 2

When p1 = p2 is assumed:

1 1 
s p̂ = p̂c (1 − p̂c )  + 
1 − p̂2 n
 1 n2 

X1 + X 2
where p̂c =
n1 + n2

Sampling distributions for means:

Random Standard Error*

Parameters of Sampling Distribution
Variable of Sample Statistic
For one
µX = µ σ s
population: σX = sX =
n n
X
For two
populations: µX = µ1 − µ2 σ12 σ 22 s12 s22
1− X2 σX = + s X −= +
X1 − X 2 1 −X 2 n1 n2 1 X 2 n1 n2

Sampling distributions for simple linear regression:

Random Standard Error*

Parameters of Sampling Distribution
Variable of Sample Statistic
s
sb = ,
σ sx n − 1
For slope: σb = ,
b σx n 2
µb = β ∑ ( yi − ŷi )
2 where s =
∑ ( xi − x ) n−2
where σ x = 2
n ∑ ( xi − x )
and s x =
n −1

*Standard deviation is a measurement of variability from the theoretical population. Standard error is the estimate of the standard deviation. If the
standard deviation of the statistic is assumed to be known, then the standard deviation should be used instead of the standard error.
 AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Begin your response to QUESTION 1 on this page.

STATISTICS
SECTION II
Total Time—1 hour and 30 minutes
6 Questions

Part A
Suggested Time—1 hour and 5 minutes
5 Questions
Directions: Show all your work. Indicate clearly the methods you use, because you will be scored on the correctness
of your methods as well as on the accuracy and completeness of your results and explanations.

1. A biologist gathered data on the length, in millimeters (mm ), and the mass, in grams (g), for 11 bullfrogs. The
data are shown in Plot 1.

(a) Based on the scatterplot, describe the relationship between mass and length, in context.

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AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Continue your response to QUESTION 1 on this page.

From the data, the biologist calculated the least-squares regression line for predicting mass from length. The
least-squares regression line is shown in Plot 2 .

(b) Identify and interpret the slope of the least-squares regression line in context.

(c) Interpret the coefficient of determination of the least-squares regression line, r 2 ª 0.819 , in context.

(d) From Plot 2 , consider the residuals of the 11 bullfrogs.

(i) Based on the plot, approximately what is the length and mass of the bullfrog with the largest absolute value
residual?

(ii) Does the least-squares regression line overestimate or underestimate the mass of the bullfrog identified in part
(d-i)? Explain your answer.

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 AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Begin your response to QUESTION 2 on this page.

2. A dermatologist will conduct an experiment to investigate the effectiveness of a new drug to treat acne. The
dermatologist has recruited 36 pairs of identical twins. Each person in the experiment has acne and each person in
the experiment will receive either the new drug or a placebo. After each person in the experiment uses either the
new drug or the placebo for 2 weeks, the dermatologist will evaluate the improvement in acne severity for each
person on a scale from 0 (no improvement) to 100 (complete cure).

(a) Identify the treatments, experimental units, and response variable of the experiment.

• Treatments:

• Experimental units:

• Response variable:

Each twin in the experiment has a severity of acne similar to that of the other twin. However, the severity of acne
differs from one twin pair to another.
(b) For the dermatologist’s experiment, describe a statistical advantage of using a matched-pairs design where
twins are paired rather than using a completely randomized design.

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AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

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(c) For the dermatologist’s experiment, describe how the treatments can be randomly assigned to people using a
matched-pairs design in which twins are paired.

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 AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Begin your response to QUESTION 3 on this page.

3. A machine at a manufacturing company is programmed to fill shampoo bottles such that the amount of shampoo
in each bottle is normally distributed with mean 0.60 liter and standard deviation 0.04 liter. Let the random
variable A represent the amount of shampoo, in liters, that is inserted into a bottle by the filling machine.

(a) A bottle is considered to be underfilled if it has less than 0.50 liter of shampoo. Determine the probability that
a randomly selected bottle of shampoo will be underfilled. Show your work.

After the bottles are filled, they are placed in boxes of 10 bottles per box. After the bottles are placed in the boxes,
several boxes are placed in a crate for shipping to a beauty supply warehouse. The manufacturing company’s
contract with the beauty supply warehouse states that one box will be randomly selected from a crate. If 2 or more
bottles in the selected box are underfilled, the entire crate will be rejected and sent back to the manufacturing
company.

(b) The beauty supply warehouse manager is interested in the probability that a crate shipped to the warehouse
will be rejected. Assume that the amounts of shampoo in the bottles are independent of each other.
(i) Define the random variable of interest for the warehouse manager and state how the random variable is
distributed.

(ii) Determine the probability that a crate will be rejected by the warehouse manager. Show your work.

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AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Continue your response to QUESTION 3 on this page.

To reduce the number of crates rejected by the beauty supply warehouse manager, the manufacturing company is
considering adjusting the programming of the filling machine so that the amount of shampoo in each bottle is
normally distributed with mean 0.56 liter and standard deviation 0.03 liter.

(c) Would you recommend that the manufacturing company use the original programming of the filling machine
or the adjusted programming of the filling machine? Provide a statistical justification for your choice.

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 AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Begin your response to QUESTION 4 on this page.

4. A survey conducted by a national research center asked a random sample of 920 teenagers in the United States
how often they use a video streaming service. From the sample, 59% answered that they use a video streaming
service every day.

(a) Construct and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all teenagers in the United States who
would respond that they use a video streaming service every day.

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AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Continue your response to QUESTION 4 on this page.

(b) Based on the confidence interval in part (a), do the sample data provide convincing statistical evidence that the
proportion of all teenagers in the United States who would respond that they use a video streaming service
every day is not 0.5? Justify your answer.

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 AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Begin your response to QUESTION 5 on this page.

5. Studies have shown that foods rich in compounds known as flavonoids help lower blood pressure. Researchers
conducted a study to investigate whether there was a greater reduction in blood pressure for people who consumed
dark chocolate, which contains flavonoids, than people who consumed white chocolate, which does not contain
flavonoids. Twenty-five healthy adults agreed to participate in the study and add 3.5 ounces of chocolate to their
daily diets. Of the 25 participants, 13 were randomly assigned to the dark chocolate group and the rest were
assigned to the white chocolate group. All participants had their blood pressure recorded, in millimeters of
mercury (mmHg), before adding chocolate to their daily diets and again 30 days after adding chocolate to their
daily diets.

The reduction in blood pressure (before minus after) for each of the participants in the two groups is shown in the
dotplots below.

(a) Determine and compare the medians of the reduction in blood pressure for the two groups.

The researchers found the mean reduction in blood pressure for those who consumed dark chocolate is
xdark = 6.08 mmHg and the mean reduction in blood pressure for those who consumed white chocolate is
x white = 0.42 mmHg.

(b) One researcher indicated that because the difference in sample means of 5.66 mmHg is greater than 0 there is
convincing statistical evidence to conclude that the population mean blood pressure reduction for those who
consume dark chocolate is greater than for those who consume white chocolate. Why might the researcher’s
conclusion, based only on the difference in sample means of 5.66 mmHg, not necessarily be true?

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AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Continue your response to QUESTION 5 on this page.

A simulation was conducted to investigate whether there is a greater reduction of blood pressure for those who
consume dark chocolate than for those who consume white chocolate. The simulation was conducted under the
assumption that no difference exists. The results of 120 trials of the simulation are shown in the following dotplot.

(c) Use the results of the simulation to determine whether the results from the 25 participants in the study provide
convincing statistical evidence, at a 5 percent level of significance, that adding dark chocolate to a daily diet
will result in a greater reduction in blood pressure, on average, than adding white chocolate to a daily diet.
Justify your answer.

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 AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Begin your response to QUESTION 6 on this page.

STATISTICS
SECTION II, Part B
Suggested Time—25 minutes
1 Question
Directions: Show all your work. Indicate clearly the methods you use, because you will be scored on the correctness
of your methods as well as on the accuracy and completeness of your results and explanations.

6. To compare success rates for treating allergies at two clinics that specialize in treating allergy sufferers,
researchers selected random samples of patient records from the two clinics. The following table summarizes the
data.

Clinic A Clinic B Total

Unsuccessful treatment 51 33 84

Successful treatment 88 35 123

Total 139 68 207

(a) (i) Complete the following table by recording the relative frequencies of successful and unsuccessful
treatments at each clinic.

Clinic A Clinic B

Unsuccessful treatment

Successful treatment

(ii) Based on the relative frequency table in part (a-i), which clinic is more successful in treating allergy
sufferers? Justify your answer.

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AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Continue your response to QUESTION 6 on this page.

(b) Based on the design of the study, would a statistically significant result allow the researchers to conclude that
receiving treatments at the clinic you selected in part (a-ii) causes a higher percentage of successful treatments
than at the other clinic? Explain your answer.

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 AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Continue your response to QUESTION 6 on this page.

A physician who worked at both clinics believed that it was important to separate the patients in the study by
severity of the patient’s allergy (severe or mild). The physician constructed the following mosaic plot. The values
in the mosaic plot represent the number of patients who were either successfully treated or unsuccessfully treated
in each allergy severity group within each clinic. For example, the value 78 represents the number of patients
successfully treated in the mild group within Clinic A.

Based on the mosaic plot, the physician concluded the following:

For mild allergy sufferers, Clinic B was more successful in treating allergies.

For severe allergy sufferers, Clinic B was more successful in treating allergies.

(c) (i) For each clinic, which allergy severity is treated more successfully? Justify your answer.

• Clinic A:

• Clinic B:

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AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Continue your response to QUESTION 6 on this page.

(ii) For each clinic, which allergy severity is more likely to be treated? Justify your answer.
• Clinic A:

• Clinic B:

(d) Using your answers from part (c), give a reasonable explanation of why the more successful clinic identified in
part (a-ii) is the same as or different from the physician’s conclusion that Clinic B is more successful in
treating both severe and mild allergies.

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AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

STOP

END OF EXAM

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 AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Probability

Table entry for z is the

probability lying below z.
z
Table A Standard normal probabilities

z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
– 3.4 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0002
– 3.3 .0005 .0005 .0005 .0004 .0004 .0004 .0004 .0004 .0004 .0003
– 3.2 .0007 .0007 .0006 .0006 .0006 .0006 .0006 .0005 .0005 .0005
– 3.1 .0010 .0009 .0009 .0009 .0008 .0008 .0008 .0008 .0007 .0007
– 3.0 .0013 .0013 .0013 .0012 .0012 .0011 .0011 .0011 .0010 .0010
– 2.9 .0019 .0018 .0018 .0017 .0016 .0016 .0015 .0015 .0014 .0014
– 2.8 .0026 .0025 .0024 .0023 .0023 .0022 .0021 .0021 .0020 .0019
– 2.7 .0035 .0034 .0033 .0032 .0031 .0030 .0029 .0028 .0027 .0026
– 2.6 .0047 .0045 .0044 .0043 .0041 .0040 .0039 .0038 .0037 .0036
– 2.5 .0062 .0060 .0059 .0057 .0055 .0054 .0052 .0051 .0049 .0048
– 2.4 .0082 .0080 .0078 .0075 .0073 .0071 .0069 .0068 .0066 .0064
– 2.3 .0107 .0104 .0102 .0099 .0096 .0094 .0091 .0089 .0087 .0084
– 2.2 .0139 .0136 .0132 .0129 .0125 .0122 .0119 .0116 .0113 .0110
– 2.1 .0179 .0174 .0170 .0166 .0162 .0158 .0154 .0150 .0146 .0143
– 2.0 .0228 .0222 .0217 .0212 .0207 .0202 .0197 .0192 .0188 .0183
– 1.9 .0287 .0281 .0274 .0268 .0262 .0256 .0250 .0244 .0239 .0233
– 1.8 .0359 .0351 .0344 .0336 .0329 .0322 .0314 .0307 .0301 .0294
– 1.7 .0446 .0436 .0427 .0418 .0409 .0401 .0392 .0384 .0375 .0367
– 1.6 .0548 .0537 .0526 .0516 .0505 .0495 .0485 .0475 .0465 .0455
– 1.5 .0668 .0655 .0643 .0630 .0618 .0606 .0594 .0582 .0571 .0559
– 1.4 .0808 .0793 .0778 .0764 .0749 .0735 .0721 .0708 .0694 .0681
– 1.3 .0968 .0951 .0934 .0918 .0901 .0885 .0869 .0853 .0838 .0823
– 1.2 .1151 .1131 .1112 .1093 .1075 .1056 .1038 .1020 .1003 .0985
– 1.1 .1357 .1335 .1314 .1292 .1271 .1251 .1230 .1210 .1190 .1170
– 1.0 .1587 .1562 .1539 .1515 .1492 .1469 .1446 .1423 .1401 .1379
– 0.9 .1841 .1814 .1788 .1762 .1736 .1711 .1685 .1660 .1635 .1611
– 0.8 .2119 .2090 .2061 .2033 .2005 .1977 .1949 .1922 .1894 .1867
– 0.7 .2420 .2389 .2358 .2327 .2296 .2266 .2236 .2206 .2177 .2148
– 0.6 .2743 .2709 .2676 .2643 .2611 .2578 .2546 .2514 .2483 .2451
– 0.5 .3085 .3050 .3015 .2981 .2946 .2912 .2877 .2843 .2810 .2776
– 0.4 .3446 .3409 .3372 .3336 .3300 .3264 .3228 .3192 .3156 .3121
– 0.3 .3821 .3783 .3745 .3707 .3669 .3632 .3594 .3557 .3520 .3483
– 0.2 .4207 .4168 .4129 .4090 .4052 .4013 .3974 .3936 .3897 .3859
– 0.1 .4602 .4562 .4522 .4483 .4443 .4404 .4364 .4325 .4286 .4247
– 0.0 .5000 .4960 .4920 .4880 .4840 .4801 .4761 .4721 .4681 .4641

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 AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Probability

Table entry for z is the

probability lying below z.
z
Table A (Continued)

z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
0.0 .5000 .5040 .5080 .5120 .5160 .5199 .5239 .5279 .5319 .5359
0.1 .5398 .5438 .5478 .5517 .5557 .5596 .5636 .5675 .5714 .5753
0.2 .5793 .5832 .5871 .5910 .5948 .5987 .6026 .6064 .6103 .6141
0.3 .6179 .6217 .6255 .6293 .6331 .6368 .6406 .6443 .6480 .6517
0.4 .6554 .6591 .6628 .6664 .6700 .6736 .6772 .6808 .6844 .6879
0.5 .6915 .6950 .6985 .7019 .7054 .7088 .7123 .7157 .7190 .7224
0.6 .7257 .7291 .7324 .7357 .7389 .7422 .7454 .7486 .7517 .7549
0.7 .7580 .7611 .7642 .7673 .7704 .7734 .7764 .7794 .7823 .7852
0.8 .7881 .7910 .7939 .7967 .7995 .8023 .8051 .8078 .8106 .8133
0.9 .8159 .8186 .8212 .8238 .8264 .8289 .8315 .8340 .8365 .8389
1.0 .8413 .8438 .8461 .8485 .8508 8531 .8554 .8577 .8599 .8621
1.1 .8643 .8665 .8686 .8708 .8729 .8749 .8770 .8790 .8810 .8830
1.2 .8849 .8869 .8888 .8907 .8925 .8944 .8962 .8980 .8997 .9015
1.3 .9032 .9049 .9066 .9082 .9099 .9115 .9131 .9147 .9162 .9177
1.4 .9192 .9207 .9222 .9236 .9251 .9265 .9279 .9292 .9306 .9319
1.5 .9332 .9345 .9357 .9370 .9382 .9394 .9406 .9418 .9429 .9441
1.6 .9452 .9463 .9474 .9484 .9495 .9505 .9515 .9525 .9535 .9545
1.7 .9554 .9564 .9573 .9582 .9591 .9599 .9608 .9616 .9625 .9633
1.8 .9641 .9649 .9656 .9664 .9671 .9678 .9686 .9693 .9699 .9706
1.9 .9713 .9719 .9726 .9732 .9738 .9744 .9750 .9756 .9761 .9767
2.0 .9772 .9778 .9783 .9788 .9793 9798 .9803 .9808 .9812 .9817
2.1 .9821 .9826 .9830 .9834 .9838 .9842 .9846 .9850 .9854 .9857
2.2 .9861 .9864 .9868 .9871 .9875 .9878 .9881 .9884 .9887 .9890
2.3 .9893 .9896 .9898 .9901 .9904 .9906 .9909 .9911 .9913 .9916
2.4 .9918 .9920 .9922 .9925 .9927 .9929 .9931 .9932 .9934 .9936
2.5 .9938 .9940 .9941 .9943 .9945 .9946 .9948 .9949 .9951 .9952
2.6 .9953 .9955 .9956 .9957 .9959 .9960 .9961 .9962 .9963 .9964
2.7 .9965 .9966 .9967 .9968 .9969 .9970 .9971 .9972 .9973 .9974
2.8 .9974 .9975 .9976 .9977 .9977 .9978 .9979 .9979 .9980 .9981
2.9 .9981 .9982 .9982 .9983 .9984 .9984 .9985 .9985 .9986 .9986
3.0 .9987 .9987 .9987 .9988 .9988 9989 .9989 .9989 .9990 .9990
3.1 .9990 .9991 .9991 .9991 .9992 .9992 .9992 .9992 .9993 .9993
3.2 .9993 .9993 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9995 .9995 .9995
3.3 .9995 .9995 .9995 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9997
3.4 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9998

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 AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Table entry for p and

C is the point t* with Probability p
probability p lying
above it and
probability C lying
between t * and t*.

t*

Table B t distribution critical values

Tail probability p
df .25 .20 .15 .10 .05 .025 .02 .01 .005 .0025 .001 .0005
1 1.000 1.376 1.963 3.078 6.314 12.71 15.89 31.82 63.66 127.3 318.3 636.6
2 .816 1.061 1.386 1.886 2.920 4.303 4.849 6.965 9.925 14.09 22.33 31.60
3 .765 .978 1.250 1.638 2.353 3.182 3.482 4.541 5.841 7.453 10.21 12.92
4 .741 .941 1.190 1.533 2.132 2.776 2.999 3.747 4.604 5.598 7.173 8.610
5 .727 .920 1.156 1.476 2.015 2.571 2.757 3.365 4.032 4.773 5.893 6.869
6 .718 .906 1.134 1.440 1.943 2.447 2.612 3.143 3.707 4.317 5.208 5.959
7 .711 .896 1.119 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.517 2.998 3.499 4.029 4.785 5.408
8 .706 .889 1.108 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.449 2.896 3.355 3.833 4.501 5.041
9 .703 .883 1.100 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.398 2.821 3.250 3.690 4.297 4.781
10 .700 .879 1.093 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.359 2.764 3.169 3.581 4.144 4.587
11 .697 .876 1.088 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.328 2.718 3.106 3.497 4.025 4.437
12 .695 .873 1.083 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.303 2.681 3.055 3.428 3.930 4.318
13 .694 .870 1.079 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.282 2.650 3.012 3.372 3.852 4.221
14 .692 .868 1.076 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.264 2.624 2.977 3.326 3.787 4.140
15 .691 .866 1.074 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.249 2.602 2.947 3.286 3.733 4.073
16 .690 .865 1.071 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.235 2.583 2.921 3.252 3.686 4.015
17 .689 .863 1.069 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.224 2.567 2.898 3.222 3.646 3.965
18 .688 .862 1.067 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.214 2.552 2.878 3.197 3.611 3.922
19 .688 .861 1.066 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.205 2.539 2.861 3.174 3.579 3.883
20 .687 .860 1.064 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.197 2.528 2.845 3.153 3.552 3.850
21 .686 .859 1.063 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.189 2.518 2.831 3.135 3.527 3.819
22 .686 .858 1.061 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.183 2.508 2.819 3.119 3.505 3.792
23 .685 .858 1.060 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.177 2.500 2.807 3.104 3.485 3.768
24 .685 .857 1.059 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.172 2.492 2.797 3.091 3.467 3.745
25 .684 .856 1.058 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.167 2.485 2.787 3.078 3.450 3.725
26 .684 .856 1.058 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.162 2.479 2.779 3.067 3.435 3.707
27 .684 .855 1.057 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.158 2.473 2.771 3.057 3.421 3.690
28 .683 .855 1.056 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.154 2.467 2.763 3.047 3.408 3.674
29 .683 .854 1.055 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.150 2.462 2.756 3.038 3.396 3.659
30 .683 .854 1.055 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.147 2.457 2.750 3.030 3.385 3.646
40 .681 .851 1.050 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.123 2.423 2.704 2.971 3.307 3.551
50 .679 .849 1.047 1.299 1.676 2.009 2.109 2.403 2.678 2.937 3.261 3.496
60 .679 .848 1.045 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.099 2.390 2.660 2.915 3.232 3.460
80 .678 .846 1.043 1.292 1.664 1.990 2.088 2.374 2.639 2.887 3.195 3.416
100 .677 .845 1.042 1.290 1.660 1.984 2.081 2.364 2.626 2.871 3.174 3.390
1000 .675 .842 1.037 1.282 1.646 1.962 2.056 2.330 2.581 2.813 3.098 3.300
.674 .841 1.036 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.054 2.326 2.576 2.807 3.091 3.291

50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 95% 96% 98% 99% 99.5% 99.8% 99.9%
Confidence level C

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 AP® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions

Probability p
Table entry for p is the point
( 2 ) with probability p lying
above it.

(χ2 )

Table C c 2 critical values

Tail probability p
df .25 .20 .15 .10 .05 .025 .02 .01 .005 .0025 .001 .0005
1 1.32 1.64 2.07 2.71 3.84 5.02 5.41 6.63 7.88 9.14 10.83 12.12
2 2.77 3.22 3.79 4.61 5.99 7.38 7.82 9.21 10.60 11.98 13.82 15.20
3 4.11 4.64 5.32 6.25 7.81 9.35 9.84 11.34 12.84 14.32 16.27 17.73
4 5.39 5.99 6.74 7.78 9.49 11.14 11.67 13.28 14.86 16.42 18.47 20.00
5 6.63 7.29 8.12 9.24 11.07 12.83 13.39 15.09 16.75 18.39 20.51 22.11
6 7.84 8.56 9.45 10.64 12.59 14.45 15.03 16.81 18.55 20.25 22.46 24.10
7 9.04 9.80 10.75 12.02 14.07 16.01 16.62 18.48 20.28 22.04 24.32 26.02
8 10.22 11.03 12.03 13.36 15.51 17.53 18.17 20.09 21.95 23.77 26.12 27.87
9 11.39 12.24 13.29 14.68 16.92 19.02 19.68 21.67 23.59 25.46 27.88 29.67
10 12.55 13.44 14.53 15.99 18.31 20.48 21.16 23.21 25.19 27.11 29.59 31.42
11 13.70 14.63 15.77 17.28 19.68 21.92 22.62 24.72 26.76 28.73 31.26 33.14
12 14.85 15.81 16.99 18.55 21.03 23.34 24.05 26.22 28.30 30.32 32.91 34.82
13 15.98 16.98 18.20 19.81 22.36 24.74 25.47 27.69 29.82 31.88 34.53 36.48
14 17.12 18.15 19.41 21.06 23.68 26.12 26.87 29.14 31.32 33.43 36.12 38.11
15 18.25 19.31 20.60 22.31 25.00 27.49 28.26 30.58 32.80 34.95 37.70 39.72
16 19.37 20.47 21.79 23.54 26.30 28.85 29.63 32.00 34.27 36.46 39.25 41.31
17 20.49 21.61 22.98 24.77 27.59 30.19 31.00 33.41 35.72 37.95 40.79 42.88
18 21.60 22.76 24.16 25.99 28.87 31.53 32.35 34.81 37.16 39.42 42.31 44.43
19 22.72 23.90 25.33 27.20 30.14 32.85 33.69 36.19 38.58 40.88 43.82 45.97
20 23.83 25.04 26.50 28.41 31.41 34.17 35.02 37.57 40.00 42.34 45.31 47.50
21 24.93 26.17 27.66 29.62 32.67 35.48 36.34 38.93 41.40 43.78 46.80 49.01
22 26.04 27.30 28.82 30.81 33.92 36.78 37.66 40.29 42.80 45.20 48.27 50.51
23 27.14 28.43 29.98 32.01 35.17 38.08 38.97 41.64 44.18 46.62 49.73 52.00
24 28.24 29.55 31.13 33.20 36.42 39.36 40.27 42.98 45.56 48.03 51.18 53.48
25 29.34 30.68 32.28 34.38 37.65 40.65 41.57 44.31 46.93 49.44 52.62 54.95
26 30.43 31.79 33.43 35.56 38.89 41.92 42.86 45.64 48.29 50.83 54.05 56.41
27 31.53 32.91 34.57 36.74 40.11 43.19 44.14 46.96 49.64 52.22 55.48 57.86
28 32.62 34.03 35.71 37.92 41.34 44.46 45.42 48.28 50.99 53.59 56.89 59.30
29 33.71 35.14 36.85 39.09 42.56 45.72 46.69 49.59 52.34 54.97 58.30 60.73
30 34.80 36.25 37.99 40.26 43.77 46.98 47.96 50.89 53.67 56.33 59.70 62.16
40 45.62 47.27 49.24 51.81 55.76 59.34 60.44 63.69 66.77 69.70 73.40 76.09
50 56.33 58.16 60.35 63.17 67.50 71.42 72.61 76.15 79.49 82.66 86.66 89.56
60 66.98 68.97 71.34 74.40 79.08 83.30 84.58 88.38 91.95 95.34 99.61 102.7
80 88.13 90.41 93.11 96.58 101.9 106.6 108.1 112.3 116.3 120.1 124.8 128.3
100 109.1 111.7 114.7 118.5 124.3 129.6 131.1 135.8 140.2 144.3 149.4 153.2

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