Se
Senior
nior High

Ge n erer
al3P
Quarter
Quart Ph
-hMy
odsi cs2 2 
sics
oduu le
Electric Potential
 

General Physic s 2
General
 Al ter
ternat
nat i ve Del
Delii ver
veryy Mo de Self -L
-Learn
earn i ng Mod
Modul
ul e
Quarter 3 - Module 2: Electric Potent ial
First Editio n, 20
2020 20 

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Genera
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Quarter 3- Mod
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ule
e2
Electric Potential

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Tabl
Tablee of Contents  

What This Module is About ...........................................

..................................................................
............................................
................................
........... i

What I Need to Know ..........................................

...............................................................
............................................
..............................................
.......................ii

How to Learn from This Module ....................................

..........................................................
............................................
..................................i
............i
Icons of This Module ..........................................
...............................................................
............................................
.............................................
...................... ii

What I Know .........................................

...............................................................
............................................
.............................................
......................................iii
...............iii

Lesson 1:  
Electr
Electric
ic Potential and Electr
Electr ic Potential Energy
Energy ...................
.............................................1
..........................

What’s In ...................
What’s ..........................................
.............................................
............................................
........................................
.................. 1

What I Need to Know ........................................

..............................................................
............................................
......................1

What’s New: Finding You ....................

............................................
..............................................
................................
.......... 1
What Is It ............................................
...................................................................
.............................................
....................................
.............. 2

What’s More: Problem Solving 

Solving  ..........................................
................................................................
.........................
... 8

What I Have Learned: Study Log 

Log  ..........................................
................................................................
...................... 8

Do: A Ti me to
What I Can Do: A t o Search
Sear ch ...................
.........................................
............................................
......................9

Summary .........................................
...............................................................
.............................................
.............................................
......................................
..................9

 Assessment: (Posttest) .............................................

....................................................................
.............................................
..................................
............ .10

Key to Answers ...................................................

.........................................................................
............................................
..........................................
.................... .12

References ..........................................
................................................................
............................................
.............................................
...................................
............ .13
 

Whatt This Modu

Wha Module
le is About

This module is about demonstrates your understanding on the concepts of electric

potential and electric potential energy. Electric potential energy is the energy that is needed to
move a charge against an electric field. You need more energy to move a charge further in the
electric field, but also more energy to move it through a stronger field.

This module will help you explore the key concepts on topics that will help you answer
the questions pertaining to electric potential.

This module covers the following lesson:

Electric Potential and Electric Potential Energy

Energy

Whatt I Need
Wha Need to K now

 At the end of this module,

module, you should be
be able to:
1. Relate the electric potential with work, potential energy, and electric field.
(STEM_GP12EM-IIIb-15)
STEM_GP12EM-IIIb-15)  
2. Determine the electric potential function at any point due to highly symmetric continuou
continuous-s-
charge distributions
distributions (STEM_GP12EM-IIIc-17)
STEM_GP12EM-IIIc-17)  
3. Infer the direction and strength of electric
electric field vector, nature of the electric field sources,
and electrostatic potential surfaces given the equipotential lines Define the work done by
(STEM_GP12EM-IIIc-18)
the electric force. (STEM_GP12EM-IIIc-18)
4. Calculate the electric field in the region given a mathematical function describing its
potential in a region of space (STEM_GP12EM-IIIc-20)
(STEM_GP12EM-IIIc-20)  
5. Solve problems involving electric potential energy and electric potentials potentials
(STEM_GP12EM-IIIc-22)

How to Learn
Learn fr om this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

instructions. 
1. Carefully read and follow instructions. 
2. Write your answer/s on a separate sheet of paper , notebook, workbook or whichever is
specified by your subject teacher.
4. Take the pretest.
5. Read all lessons included in this module.
6. Perform all the activities diligently, as these will help you have a better understanding of the
topic. When you need help, tap your parent/guardian, facilitator or contact your s
subject
ubject teacher
7. Eventually, take the posttest at the end of this module.

i
 

Icons of this Module

This part contains learning
objectives that Know are set for
What I Need
Need To Know
you to learn as you go along the
module.

This is an
an assessmen
assessmentt as to you
level of knowledge to the
What I Know subject matter at hand, meant
specifical
speci fically
ly to gaug
gauge
e prior
prior relate
relate
knowledge.

What’s In  This part connects previous

lesson with that What’s In of
the current one.

What’s New   An introduction of the new lesso

through
throu gh vario
various
us activi
activities,
ties, befor
it will be presented to you

What is It These are discussions of the

activities as a way to deepen
your discovery and
understanding of the concept

What’s More  These are follow - up activities

that are in - What’s More
tended
tende d for you to practi
practice
ce furthe
furthe
in order to master the
competencies.

 Activities designed
designed to process
What I Have Learned what you have learned from the
lesson

What I Can Do These are tasks that are

designed to show- case your
skills
skills and
and knowled
knowledge ge gain
gained,
ed, an
an
applied into real-life concerns
c oncerns
and situations.

ii
 

 
What I Kno
Knoww

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices. 

1. What is the energy per unit charge?

charge?
 A. current B. frequency
C. power D. voltage

2. The magnitude of electric potential is ______ at an infinite distan

distance.
ce.
 A. negative infinity B. one hundred
C. positive infinity D. zero

3. Which statements must be true about the surface of a charged conductor in which no charge
is moving?
 A. The electric field
field is zero at the surface.
B. The electric potential of the surface is zero.
C. The electric potential is constant over the surface.
D. The electric field is constant at the surface.

4. Of the following quantities, which

which is vector in character?
 A. charge B. electric field
C. energy D. potential difference

5. A system of two charges has a positive potential energy.

energy. This closely indicates that

 A. both charges are positive

positive
B. both charges are negative 
C. both charges are
are positive or both
both are negative
negative 
D. one charge is positive & the other is negative  

6. An electron & a proton are accelerated through the same potential difference
difference
 A. the electron has greater KE B. the proton has greater KE
C. the electron has greater speed D. the proton has greater speed. 

7. The electric potential due to several point charges is given by the equation: V = kΣqi / r i. The
r indicates:
 A. the distance from the point charge to the point at which the potential is evaluated
  B. the radius of the two pair of charges.
C. the radius from the center of the charge 
D. none of these

8. A positive charge is located at the origin. As a test charge moves

moves away from the charge, what
will happen to the electric potential electric potential due to this charge?
 A. increases B. decreases

C. remains the same D. undetermined

iii 
 

9. Which of the following statements

statements are TRUE?
I. When a positive
positive charge moves
moves in the direction
direction of an electric field,
field, the field doe
does
s
negative work and the potential energy increases.
II. When a negative charge moves in the direction of an electric field, the field does
negative work and the potential energy increases.
III. When a negative charge moves in the direction of an electric field, the field does
positive work and the potential energy decreases.
decreases.

 A. I&IV B. II&III

D. I&III D. II&IV

10. How much work is done in moving a charge

c harge between two points on the same equipotential
surface?
 A. zero B. maximum
B. depends on the charge D. undetermined

11. A negative charge moves in the direction of a uniform electric field. What does this entail?
 A. The charge moves toto a position of
of higher potential.
potential.
B. The charge moves to a position of lower potential
C. The charge moves to a position with the same potential
D. The potential cannot be determined.
determined.

12. The unit Volt, V is the same as.

 A. J/C B. C/J
B. JC D. CJ

13. As a proton moves in the direction the electric field lines...

 A. it is moving from low
low potential to high
high potential and
and gaining electric
electric potential energy.
energy.
B. it is moving from low potential to high potential and losing electric potential energy.
C. it is moving from high potential to low potential and gaining electric potential energy.
D. it is moving from high potential to low potential and losing electric potential energy.

 A charge of 31μC moves from the positive to the negative terminal of a 9.0 -V battery. How
14. A
14.

much energy does the battery impart to the charge?

 A. -9.72x10-4 J  B. -2.79x10-4 J 
C. 2.79x10-4 J  D. 9.72x10-4 J

15. Electric potential ____________ as distance increases.

 A. increases B. decreases
C. remains constant D. 0

Iv
 

Lesson  

ELECTRIC POTE
ELECTRIC POTENTI
NTIAA L A ND
1  
ELECTR
EL ECTRIC
IC POTEN
POTENTIA
TIALL ENER
ENERGYGY 

What’s In 

We just scratched the surface (or at least rubbed it) of electrical phenomena. In quarter
1 Module 6, we introduced the concepts of work and energy in the context of mechanics, this
time we’ll combine this concept with what we have learned about electric charge, electric force
and electric field. Two terms commonly used to describe electricity are energy and voltage. The
energy and voltage are not the same thing.

Potential energy is the energy

energy stored
 stored by an object because of its position relative to other
objects, its electric charge, or other factors. A common type of potential energy includes the
electric potential energy. 
energy. 

Whatt I Need
Wha K now  
Need t o Know

In this lesson, you will be able to relate the electric potential with work, potential energy,
and electric field. You will also solve problems involving electric potential for point charge and
distribution. 
continuous charge distribution. 

What’s New 

 Ac ti vi ty 2.1 Fin di ng You . Discover the words which relate to electric potential energy.
E E C A M E R A S E L O W S
N L O J E C T I L L M S S R
O W E T H C A V O E Y B R E
P O T E N T I A L C E S T H
F R D N F L C L F T C A U G
S K U E H A E V S R F R I I
T U H R U T L E T I I Y O C
B I O G E L E L B C E O M R
G O N Y D E R O G J O U L E
W M E V O L T G H G N J D V
R O S Q S F T I N J R T I O
E R R O S T I T E C V S C L
G F Y K E N O Y G R F C N V
S W E M I N G T T Y E B E R

1
 

What Is It
It  

In an electric field, a charge has potential energy

relative to its position. When a positive charge q  is
accelerated in an electric field, the charge has electric
potential energy (see Figure 2.1). It is like an object being
accelerated in a gravitational field, as if the charge were
going down an electrical hill, although the sources of the
forces are very different.

Figure 2.1  Analogy of a charge accelerated by an electric field

and a mass going down a hill. Work is done by a force, but
W=  –ΔU.  
since this force is conservative, W= –ΔU.

Source: https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-
Source: https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-
2/pages/7-1-electric-potential-energy 

If the electric force is conservative, then the work done by this force on a charged particle
particle
moving from point a to point a can be expressed in terms of the electric potential ener gy ,
energy

 
⃗ = ∫       ∙ 
⃗ = −∆ =  −   
  = →  =  ∫  ⃑ ∙  
 = ∫ 

The work done is equal to the negative of the change in electric potential energy.

Whether the test charge is positive or negative, the following general rules apply:

1. U incr eases
eases  if a test charge moves in the direction opposite to the electric force acting on it.

2. U decr eases
eases  if a test charge moves in the same
same direction
 direction as the electric force acting on it.

Electric Potential Energy

Energy of Point Charges

The electric potential energy for two point charges, q1 and q0, separated by a distance r
(see Figure 2.2) is given as

Figure 2.2 Two Point Charges 

2
 

The electric potential energy for a test charge q o  in the

electric field produced by a collection of charges (see Figure
2.3) is given by

q 0  q1 q  
n

 r 
q0 qi q q
U  = =    +   + + ... + n   
2 3

4 0 i i
4 0   r    r  r 
1 2 3
r n  

Figure 2.3  A Test Charge in a Collection of Charges 

 A more general equation to determine

determine the total electric potential energy
energy of the system:
system:

Electric Potential

Electric Potential, V, is defined as the potential energy per unit charge. The electric
potential energy is shown by two elements, the charge possessed by the object itself and the
position relative to an object with respect to electrically charged objects. The magnitude of
electric potential is
potential  is dependent on the amount of work done in moving the object from one point
to another against the electric field.

When an object is moved against the electric field it gains amount of energy which is
the electric potential energy.
energy . In a given charge the electric potential energy is the total work
done by an external agent in bringing the systems ystem of charges from continuity to the present
without any acceleration. It is obtained by dividing potential energy to the quantity of charge.
Electric potential energy is a scalar quantity.
quantity. It is measured in terms of Joules.

U 
V 
  =  
qo
Unit of Electric Potential: I Volt, V = 1 J/C

Given the sizes of each charge and the distance between them, the electric potential
energy they have relative to each other can be calculated. This is assuming the two charges can
be treated as point charges, which are where all the charge is concentrated at an exact point in
space.

1. The potential of infinity is defined

defined to be zero.
2. If a point charge is positive, the electric potential of the charge is positive. When moving a
charge from infinity to this point, the electric potential increases above a zero level.
3. If a point charge is negative, the electric potential of the charge negative. When moving a
charge from infinity to this point, the electric energy decreases below a zero level.

3
 

 , in both positive and negative point

Moving along the direction of the electric field, 
charges, the electric potential V decreases. Otherwise, the potential   increases (see Figure
2.4).

Figure 2.4 Electric Field and Electric Potential of a (A) Positive Charge (B) Negative Charge 

Equations for Calculating Electric Potential

Working Equation Description

q 1 q for single point charge
V = k  =  
r 4 
  o r 

V = k  qi = 1
 qi   for several point charges
i ri 4 o i r  i

dq 1 dq for continuous charge distribution

V = k   r
=
4 o
 r 
 

dq =  dl →  linear charge distribution

dq =  dA → surface charge distribution
dq =   dV  → volume charge distribution

The potential difference between

difference between two points can be expressed as a line integral given by

Electron Volt

One electron volt (1 eV) is the kinetic energy gained by an electron moving through a
potential difference of one volt (1 V).

-19
1 eV = 1.602 x 10  J

4
 

Equipotential Line

 An equipotential
equipotential is a line surface
surface over which the electric potential
potential (V)
(V) is constant
constant at every
every
point. Electric field lines are perpendicular to equipotentials.

Figure 2.5 Equipotential lines of a positive point charge, a dipole and a pair of positive charges
Source:  https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/7-5-equipotential-surfa
Source: ces-and-conductors 
https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/7-5-equipotential-surfaces-and-conductors

Equipotential Surface

 An equipotential
equipotential surface is one on which all
all points are at the
the same
same potential. The potential
difference between any two points on an equipotential surface is zero; there is no work done to
move a charge between two points.

Characteristics of Equipotential Surfaces

1. No work is done to move a charge between two points on the same equipotential
equipotential surface.
2. Electric filed lines are perpendicular
perpendicular to equipotential surface.
3. The surface of a conductor is an equipotential
equipotential surface.

Solving Problems Involv ing Electric Potential Energy

Energy and Electric Potential

1. Two point charges

charges q1=-e and q2=+e are located on the x-axis at x=0 and x=a respectively.
respectively.
a) Find the work that must be done in bringing
bringing a third charge q3=+e from infinity to x=2a
b) Find the total potential energy of these three point charges.

Solution:

a. W ab = −U 
    = U a − U b   (The initial potential energy,  , is zero at infinity)

   + e   − e e  − e 2

−  ke 2

W ab = 0 − U 
b
= −   +  = =  
 4     2a a  8  a
0 0
2a
 
5 
 

1 qq 1  q1 q2 q1q3 q2 q3     1  (−e)(e) (−e)(e) (e)(e) 

b. U  =    =  i
+  j
+    =  + +  
4 0 r  4 0   r 12   ij
r 13 r 23   4 0   a 2a a  

2 2
− e − ke
U  = =

8 0 a 2a
 

2. In the figure shown, assume that   = 3  = 3  = 12  , and that q1=+q
=+q,, q2=-4q
=-4q and
 and q3=+2q
=+2q  
where q=150nC. What is the potential energy of the system?

Solution:

qi q j q q q q q q 
U  = k  = k    +
1 2
+  
1 3 2 3

r 
ij  r 
12
r  r   13 23

where q1=+q=+150nC

q2=-4q=-4(150nC)=-600nC
q3=+2q=+2(150nC)=300nC

 (150 x10 C )(−600 x10 (150 x10 −9 C )(300 x10 −9 C ) (−600 x10 −9 C )(300 x10 −9 C ) 

2 −9 −9
 Nm C )
U  = 9 x10 + +
9

C 
2  0.12m 0.12m 0.12m 
U  =   0.017 J   
−

3. A proton (+q = +1.602 x 10-19C) moves along a straight line from point a to point b with a
separation distance d = 0.50m. Considering the electric field along this line is uniform with
magnitude of 1.50 x 107V/m and directed from point a to point b. Determine: 
Determine: 
a) the force on the proton

b) the work done on it by the field (in Joules & eV units)

c) the potential difference (V ab)

Solution:

a) Since the charge is positive, then

then the electric
electric force is in the same direction
direction of the electric
electric
field. Its magnitude is
19   7 V 
F  qE  (1.602 x10 C )(1.50 x10
= ) 2 .4 x10 12 N   
=
−  

=
−

b) The force is constant since the electric field is uniform along the proton’s displacement.
Hence, the work done by the field is

6
 

Converting this value in eV,

 1eV  
Wa →b = 1.2 x10−12  J  6
−19  = 7.5 x10 eV = 7.5MeV  
 1.602 x10
1.602 J  
 
c) From the work done
done expression,
expression, the potential difference (Vab) is then
−12
W a→b   1.2 x10
1.2 J  6  
Vab = =
−19
= 7.5 x10 V = 7.5MV  
q   02 x10
1.602
1.6 C 

4. Electron in TV tube.
tube. Suppose an electron
electron in the picture tube of a television
television set is accelerated
from rest through a potential difference Vba = +5000V. What is the change in potential energy
of the electron?
(e = -1.602 x 10-19 C)

Solution:
−19
U = qVba = (−1.602 x10 C )(+5000V ) = −8.0 x10−16 J  
 
The negative sign indicates that the potential energy decreases.

5. Potential due to charged

charged disk. A thin flat
flat disk of radius R carries a uniformly
uniformly distributed
distributed charge
Q. Determine the potential at a point P on the axis of the disk, a distance x from its center.
(Adisk = R2).

Solution:

The potential (V) for charge distribution is:

dq 1 dq
V = k   r
=
4 o
 r 
 

σ: 
from surface charge density, σ: 

Q Q dq dq
   = = 2
= =  
 A  R
   dA 2  rdr 

2Qrdr 
Therefore, dq =    dA =
 
2
 R

The potential, V, is then equal to:

 R
dq 1    dA 2Q rdr    
V = k   r 
=
4 o
 1/ 2
= 2  1/ 2
( x 2
+   r  2 ) 4 o R 0 (x 2
+ r 2 )

r=R
2Q 1/ 2
V=
4 o R
2 (x 2
+ r  2
) r =0
 

  1/ 2
Q 2  x2 + R2 − x    (V due to a charged disk)
disk) 
V=
2 o R 
 ( ) 

7 
 

  What’s More 

 Ac ti vi ty 2.2 Pro bl em So lv in

ingg . Answer the following questions. Write your solution and answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. How much work isis required to

to move a charge
charge of 4 nC from a point 2m away to a point 0.5 m
away from a point charge of 60 nC? What is the potential difference between these points?

2. A point charge q₁=4.00 nC is placed at the origin, and a second point charge q ₂=-3.00 nC is
placed on the x-axis at x=+20.0 cm. A third point charge q ₃=2.00 nC is to be placed on the
x-axis between q₁ and q ₂. Let the potential energy of the three charges be zero when they
are infinitely far apart.
a) what is the potential energy of the system of the three charges if q ₃ is placed at x=+10.0
cm?
b) where should q₃ be placed to make the potential energy of the system equal to zero?

3. A solid conducting
conducting sphere of radius
radius 30 cm has a charge of 4 µC. If the potential
potential is zero at
infinity. Find the value of the potential at the following distances from the center of the sphere:
  a) 45 cm b) 30 cm c) 15 cm

What I have Learn

Learned
ed

 Ac ti vi ty 2.3 Study

Stu dy Lo g. Answer
g.  Answer accordingly.
accordingly.
Keywords What have learned? What did I find most What questions do I
interesting? still have?

Electric
Potential
Energy

Electric
Potential

Equipotential
Lines

8
 

  What Can
Can I Do

 Ac ti vi ty 2.4. Searchi

Searc hi ng Ti me.
me . Explore online the answers of the following questions
questions associated
with electric potential applications.
applications.

1. A Van de Graff Generator  is is a laboratory device with a large hollow metal sphere supported
by a cylindrical insulating
insulating stand. It is for building up high voltages. Why does your hair stand
out when you are charged by such device?

2. An electron gun is
gun is a device
device that is the heart
heart of most TVs and computer
and computer monitors. How
monitors. How does
it work inside the device?

Summary

•  A charged object

object has electric potential
potential energy by
by virtue of its location
location in an electric
electric field.

•  Electric potential energy is a form of mechanical energy. It is expressed in electron volts

(eV).

•  The electric potential, or voltage, at any point in an electric field is the electric potential
energy per unit charge for a charged object at that point.

•  The work done by the electric force on a charged particle moving in an electric field is equal
to the negative of the change in electric potential energy.

•  Electric Potential can be calculated by summing or integrating over the charges.

•  Electron volt (1 eV) is the kinetic energy gained by an electron moving through a potential

difference of one volt (1 V),

•  An equipotential surface is one

equipotential one on which all points
points are at the same potential.

9 
 

 As
 A s s ess men t : (Post
(Po st t est
es t ) 

Multiple Choic e.
e. Answer
 Answer the question that follows. Choose
C hoose the best answer from among the
given choices.

1. Of the following quantities, the one

one that is not a scalar in character is
 A. charge B. electric field
C. energy D. potential difference

2. A system of two charges has a negative potential

potential energy. This signifies that
 A. both charges are positive
positive
B. both charges are negative 
C. both charges are positive or both are negative 
D. one charge is positive & the other is negative  

3. An electron & a proton are accelerated through the same potential difference
difference
 A. the electron has lower
lower KE B. the proton has lower KE
C. the electron
electron has lower speed
speed D. the proton has lower speed. 

4. The electric potential energy due to several point charges

charges is given by the equation:
2
U = k Σ qi / r  i. The r indicates:
 A. the distance from the point charge to the
the point at which the
potential energy is evaluated.
B. the radius of the two pair of charges.
C. the radius from the center of the charge
D. none of the above

5. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

I. When a positive charge
charge moves in the direction
direction of an electric
electric field, the potential
potential energy
decreases and the field does positive work
II. When a positive charge moves in the direction of an electric field, the potential energy
increases and the field does negative work
III. When a negative charge moves in the direction of an electric field, the potential energy
increases and the field does negative work
IV. When a negative charge moves in the direction of an electric field, the potential energy
decreases and the field does positive work
 A. I&IV B. I &III
C. II&III D. II&IV

6. In terms of energy unit, which does not belong?

belong?
 A. eV B. J
C. Nm D. V

7. How is the direction of the electric field lines related to the equipote
equipotential
ntial surface?
 A. parallel B. perpendicular
perpendicular
C. depends on the sign of the charge D. undetermined

10  
 

8. When moving from infinity to towards a negative point charge, the electric potential.
potential.
 A. increases B. decreases
C. remains the same  D. undetermined

9. A point charge q = 2.00μC  is

 is located at the origin. Find the electric potential due to this charge
at point x = 4.0 m. 
m. 

 A. 1500 V B. 2500 V

C. 3500 V  D. 4500 V

10. Two protons in the nucleus of a 238U atom are 6.0 fm (6.0x10 -15m) apart. What is the potential
energy (in joules) associated with the electric
electric force that acts between these two particles?
-14
 A. 3.8x10   B. 4.5x10 -15 
C. 5.0x10-9  D. 5.0x10 -8 

11. Two point charges are arranged along the x-axis; q1=2.0 µC is at x=0.80m, and q2=2.0 µC
at x=0.80m . The
T he net electrical potential measured at the origin due to these point charges is
 A. zero  B. 4500V 
B. 22500V  D. 45kV 

12. Two like charges of charge +10 nC are placed at the two corners of an equilateral triangle of
side 3 cm. What is the magnitude of the total potential at the third corner?
 A. 0  B. 6 V 
B. 600 V D. 6000 V 

For numbers 13-15, refer to the figure below where Q 1=+2.0µC, Q2 = -3.0µC.

0.0800m
0.0600m

Q1 + - Q2
0.0500m 0.0500m

13. What is the potential at point A?

 A. -180,000 V  B. -225,000 V 
B. 225,000 V  D. 180,000 V 
14. What is the potential at point B?
C. -180,000 V  B. -225,000 V 
D. 225,000 V  D. 180,000 V 
.
15. What is the potential difference V A-VB?
 A. -90, 000 V  B. -45,000 V 
C. 45,000 V  D. 90, 000 V 

11 
 

Key to Answers  

 
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12
 

References

Canva. Accessed December 24, 2020. 

2020.  https://www.canva.com/education
https://www.canva.com/education

Suarez, V., et al, Workbook in Electromagnetism 8th Edition (Mindanao

(Mindanao University of Science and
Technology, Cagayan de Oro City, 2015)
th
Young, H.D. and Freedman R. A., University Physics with Modern Physics 10
Physics  10  edition pp. 731-
761 (Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd, 2002)

https://openstax.org/books/universi
https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volum
ty-physics-volume-2/pages/7-1-el
e-2/pages/7-1-electric-potential
ectric-potential-energy
-energy

https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volum
https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/7-5-eq
e-2/pages/7-5-equipotential-su
uipotential-surfaces-and-
rfaces-and-
conductors

13
 

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