Workshop: How to Solve Mathematics

Problems Using Casio fx-570EX

Prepared by: Amar Safwan bin Roslin

1
 Linear Equations

2
Linear Equation in One Variable
 Example:
Solve each of the following linear equations.
(a) 2𝑥 − 8 = 10
𝑥
(b) − 5 = 2𝑥 − 17
2

3
Solution
(a) 2𝑥 − 8 = 10
Command Screenshot
2[p8Qr1
0qr=

𝑥
(b) − 5 = 2𝑥 − 17
2

Command Screenshot
a[$2$p5Q
r2[p17q
r=

4
Let’s Try!
 Solve each of the following linear equations.
1
(a) 6𝑥 − = 𝑥
2
2 𝑥+1
(b) =4
5
𝑥−2
(c) 5+ =8
7

𝟏
Answer: (a) 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎 (b) x = 9 (c) x = 23
5
Simultaneous Linear Equations in Two
Variables
 Example:
Solve the following simultaneous linear equations.
(a) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 5
(b) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8

6
Solution
(a) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3; 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 5
Command Screenshot
Converts ‘Menu’ to
‘Equation/Function’.
wz12

Enter the coefficient of the

equations.
1=2=3=3=
4=5=

Obtain the values of x and y.

=

=
7
 (b) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3; 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8
Command Screenshot
Converts ‘Menu’ to
‘Equation/Function’.
wz12

Enter the coefficient of the

equations.
2=1=3=3=
z2=8=

Find the values of x and y.

=

8
Let’s Try!
 Solve the following simultaneous linear equations.
(a) 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
(b) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7
(c) 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 10
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = −2

Answer: (a) x = 1, y = 2 (b) x = 2, y = 1 (c) x = 2, y = 2

9
 Indices

10
To find a value without using a calculator
 Example:
Calculate the value of each of the following without using
a calculator.
3
(a) 3 × 12 ÷ 6
2
1 2 5
(b) 4 × 50 × 10
3 3 3

11
Solution
 First, change all bases in the operation to prime factors.
3
(a) 3 × 12 ÷ 6
2

Change 12 and 6 into a form of prime factor.

Command Screenshot
12=qx

6=qx

1 3
= 3 2 × (22 × 3) ÷ 2 × 3
2 1
1 3
+ −1
= 23−1×3 2 2

= 22 × 31
12
= 12
 First, change all bases in the operation to prime factors.
1 2 5
(b) 4 × 50 × 10
3 3 3

Change 4, 50 and 10 into a form of prime factor.

Command Screenshot
4=qx

50=qx

10=qx

1 2 5
= 22 3 × (2 × 52 )3 × 2×5 3
2 2 5 4 5
+ + +
=2 ×5
3 3 3 3 3

= 23 × 53
13
= 1000
Let’s Try
 Calculate the value of each of the following without using
a calculator.
1 2
(a) 60 × 125 ÷ 15
2 3

−2 −1
(b) 49 × 3 ÷ 81

Answer: (a) 50 (b) 7

14
 Quadratic Equations

15
To solve a quadratic equation
 Example:
Solve each of the following quadratic equations.
(a) 𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 30 = 0
(b) 𝑥 𝑥 − 2 = 3𝑥 − 4

16
Solution
(a) 𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 30 = 0
Command Screenshot
Converts ‘Menu’ to
‘Equation/Function’.
wQz22

Enter the coefficient of the

equation.
1=z11=30
=
Obtain the values of x.
=

17
(b) 𝑥 𝑥 − 2 = 3𝑥 − 4  𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 = 0 (General form)
Command Screenshot
Converts ‘Menu’ to
‘Equation/Function’.
wQz22

Enter the coefficient of the

equation.
1=z5=4=

Obtain the values of x.

=

18
Let’s Try!
Solve each of the following quadratic equations.
(a) 2𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 10 = 0
(b) 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 = 16
3𝑥 2 −2
(c) =5
𝑥

𝟓 𝟖 𝟏
Answer: (a) x = 𝟐, x = 2 (b) x = 2, x = − 𝟑 (c) x = 2, x = − 𝟑
19
 Statistics

20
To determine the mean of an ungrouped
data
 Example:
Find the mean, median and mode for a set data 5, 10, 6, 8 and 4.

 Solution:
Command Screenshot
w61

Enter the data.

5=10=6=8
=4=

Obtain the mean, median and

mode of the data.
T3
21
To determine the mean of a grouped data
(Without class interval)
 Example:
The frequency table below shows the marks for Mathematics test of 40
students.

Marks Frequency
50 6
55 8
60 15
65 10
70 1

Calculate the mean mark.

22
Solution
Command Screenshot
w61

Add column ‘Frequency’.

qwR31

Enter the data.

50=55=60
=65=70=$
EEEEE6=8
=15=10=1
=
Find the mean, 𝑥 .
T3
23
To determine the mean of a grouped data
(With class interval)
 Example:
The frequency table below shows the heights of 50 seedlings.

Height (cm) Frequency

7–9 9
10 – 12 18
13 – 15 17
16 – 18 6

Calculate the mean height, in cm, of a seedling.

24
Solution
 Add a column for midpoints.
Height (cm) Frequency Midpoint, x
7–9 9 8
10 – 12 18 11
13 – 15 17 14
16 – 18 6 17

25
 Command Screenshot
w61

Add column ‘Frequency’.

qwR31

Enter the data.

8=11=14=
17=$EEEE
9=18=17=
6=
Find the mean, 𝑥 .
T3

26
Let’ Try!
(a) The table below shows the points scored by 45 students in a
Mathematics quiz.

Points Frequency
5 7
10 8
15 14
20 10
25 6

Calculate the mean point.

Answer: (a) 15
27
(b) The table below shows the masses of a number of a number of
boxes.
Mass (kg) Frequency
10 – 19 2
20 – 29 4
30 – 39 10
40 – 49 8
50 – 59 6
Calculate the mean mass, in kg, of a box.

Answer: (a) 38.7

28
 Number Bases

29
To convert a number in base two and eight to
a number in base ten and vice versa

 Example:
Express each of the following number to the base stated.
(a) 11012 (Base ten)
(b) 4678 (Base ten)
(c) 48210 (Base two)
(d) 78610 (Base eight)

30
Solution
(a) 11012 (Base ten)
Command Screenshot
Convert ‘Menu’ to ‘Base-N’.
w3i

Enter the value.

1101=d

Answer: 1310

31
(b) 4678 (Base ten)
Command Screenshot
Convert ‘Menu’ to ‘Base-N’.
w3h

Enter the value.

467=d

Answer: 31110

32
(c) 48210 (Base two)
Command Screenshot
Convert ‘Menu’ to ‘Base-N’.
w3

Enter the value.

482=i

Answer: 1111000102

33
(d) 78610 (Base eight)
Command Screenshot
Convert ‘Menu’ to ‘Base-N’.
w3

Enter the value.

786=h

Answer: 14228

34
Let’ Try!
 Express each of the following number to the base
stated.
(a) 1001012 (Base ten)
(b) 6678 (Base ten)
(c) 1910 (Base two)
(d) 65310 (Base eight)

Answer: (a) 𝟑𝟕𝟏𝟎 (b) 𝟒𝟑𝟗𝟏𝟎

(c) 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟐 (d) 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟓𝟖
35
 Graphs of Functions

36
To complete the value table of a function
 Example:
(a) Complete the following table for the function
𝑦 = −3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 20.
x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
y

(b) Complete the following table for the function

𝑦 = −2𝑥 3 + 10.
x 2 1.5 1 0 1 1.5 2
y

37
Solution
(a) 𝑦 = −3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 20
Command Screenshot
Select ‘Table’ at ‘Menu’.
w9

Enter the function.

z3[d+4[+
20=

Omit the function of g(x).

=

38
 Command Screenshot
Enter the range of the
function.
z3=4=1=

Obtain the outcome.

=

RRRRRRR

Answer: x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
y 19 0 13 20 21 16 5 12
39
Solution
(b) 𝑦 = −2𝑥 3 + 10
Command Screenshot
Select ‘Table’ at ‘Menu’.
w9

Enter the function.

z2[qd+10
=

Omit the function of g(x).

=

40
 Command Screenshot
Enter the range of the
function.
z2=2=0.5
=
Obtain the outcome.
=

RRRRRRRR

x 2 1.5 1 0 1 1.5 2
Answer: y 26 16.75 12 10 8 3.25 6
41
Let’s Try!
 Complete each of the following table based on the function
stated.
(a) 𝑦 = −3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 12
x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
y

(b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 + 5
x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
y

Answer: (a) x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4

y 21 4 7 12 11 4 9 28

(b) x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
42 y 11 14 21 16 5 6 11 4 21
 Matrices

43
Addition and subtraction of matrices
 Example:
Solve each of the following.
1 2 5 0
(a) 5 − =
3 4 −5 2
0 10 −4 2
A C
20 18 8 2
0 10 10 10
B D
10 18 10 22
1
(b) 7 4 − −2 6 + 12 4 =
4
A 8 2 C 12 −1
B 13 1 D 21 2

44
Solution
1 2 5 0
(a) 5 − =
3 4 −5 2

Command Screenshot
Convert ‘Menu’ to ‘Matrix’.
w4

Choose ‘MatA’.
1
State the number of rows and
columns.
2

45
 Command Screenshot
Enter the coefficients into
‘MatA’.
1=2=3=4=

To define a new matrix, which

is ‘MatB, press
T12

State the number of rows and

columns.
22
Enter the coefficients into
‘MatB’.
5=0=z5=2
=

46
 Command Screenshot
Solve the operation.
T35T3pT
4=

Answer: B

47
Solution
1
(b) 7 4 − −2 6 + 4 12 4 =

Command Screenshot
Convert ‘Menu’ to ‘Matrix’.
w4

Choose ‘MatA’.
1
State the number of rows and
columns.
1

48
 Command Screenshot
Enter the coefficients:
‘MatA’.
7=4=

‘MatB’
T1212
z2=6=

‘MatC’
T1312
12=4=

Solve the operation.

T3T3pT4
+1a4(T5)

49
Answer: C
Multiplication of two matrices
 Example:
2 1 −2
(a) =
4 3 5
1 −4 −2
A C
7 −8 15
9 −4 −8
B D
23 1 15

1
(b) 2 −1 =
3
2
A −1 C
−3
2 −1
B 2 −3 D
6 −3

50
Solution
2 1 −2
(a) =
4 3 5
Command Screenshot
Convert ‘Menu’ to ‘Matrix’.
w4

Choose ‘MatA’ and state the

number of rows and columns.
122

Enter the coefficients in

‘MatA’.
2=1=4=3=

51
 Command Screenshot
Define new matrix as ‘MatB’.
T12

State the number of rows and

columns.
21

Enter the coefficients in

‘MatB’.
z2=5=

Solve the operation.

T3T3OT4
=

52
Answer: A
Solution
1
(b) 2 −1 =
3
Command Screenshot
Convert ‘Menu’ to ‘Matrix’.
w4

Choose ‘MatA’ and state the

number of rows and columns.
121

Enter the coefficients in

‘MatA’.
1=3=

53
 Command Screenshot
Define a new matrix as ‘MatB’.
T12

State the number of rows and

columns.
12

Enter the coefficients in

‘MatB’.
2=z1=

Solve the operation.

T3T3OT4
=

54
Answer: D
Let’s Try!
 Solve each of the following.
2
(a) 2 1 −4 + −12 3 =
3
A −11 −1 C −6 −6
B −10 −5 D −7 −3

6 −3
(b) −2 4 =
1 −5
A 16 −26 C −8 −26
B −8 −14 D −16 −26

Answer: (a) C (b) B

55
Inverse matrices
 Example:
−2 1 1 0
(a) Given that 𝐏= , find the matrix P.
7 −4 0 1
−4 −1 2 1
A C
−7 −2 7 4
1
−2 1 −1 −
2
B D 7
7 −4 − −2
2

56
Solution −1
−2 1
(a) 𝐏=
7 −4
Command Screenshot
Convert ‘Menu’ to ‘Matrix’.
w4

Choose ‘MatA’ and state the

number of rows and columns.
122

Enter the coefficients in

‘MatA’.
z2=1=7=z
4=

57
 Command Screenshot
Find the inverse matrix of P.
T3T3u

Answer: A

58
 Example:
2 1
(b) (i) Find the inverse matrix of .
4 3

(ii) Hence, calculate the values of x and y that satisfies

the following matrix equation:
2 1 𝑥 3
=
4 3 𝑦 5

59
Solution
2 1 3
Define as ‘MatA’ and as ‘MatB’.
4 3 5
Command Screenshot
Convert ‘Menu’ to ‘Matrix’.
w4

Choose ‘MatA’ and state the

number of rows and columns.
122

Enter the coefficients in

‘MatA’.
2=1=4=3=

60
 Command Screenshot
Define a new matrix as ‘MatB’.
T12

State the number of rows and

columns.
21

Enter the coefficients in MatB’.

3=5=

61
Solution
−1
2 1
(i) Find .
4 3
Command Screenshot
T3T3u

3 1
− 1 3 −1
Answer: 2 2 or
−2 1 2 −4 2

62
 𝑥 2 1 −1
3
(ii) 𝑦 = 4 3 5
Command Screenshot
T3uOT4

𝑥 2
Answer: 𝑦 = . Thus, x = 2 and y = 1.
−1

63
Let’s Try!
3 1 −4 2
(a) Given that −𝐀= , find the matrix A.
−4 2 −3 1
−7 1 1 3
A C
1 −1 −7 3
7 −1 1 −3
B D
−1 1 7 −3

2 −1
(b) Given that 𝐁 = , find the matrix 𝐁2 .
3 0
4 1 1 6
A C
9 0 1 6
1 −2 4 −2
B D
6 −3 6 0
Answer: (a) B (b) B
64
(c) Find the values of x and y in the following equation:
1 −1 𝑥 3
𝑦 =
3 −2 4
A x = 1; y = 2 C x = 3; y = 0
B x = 2; y = 5 D x = 3; y = 1

2 −2 𝑞 1
(d) The inverse function of is .
4 −3 −2 𝑝
(i) Find the values of p and q.
(ii) Hence, by using the matrix method, find the values
of x and y that satisfies the following simultaneous
linear equations:
2x – 2y = 10
4x – 3y = 19
Answer: (c) B (d) (i) p = 1, q = 1.5
65 (ii) x = 4, y = 1
 Quadratic Functions

66
To determine the minimum/maximum
point
 Example:
A quadratic function of 𝑓 𝑥 = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3 can be
expressed into a form of 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥 − ℎ 2 + 𝑘,
where a, h and k are constants.
(a) Find the values of a, h and k.
(b) State the maximum point of the graph of f(x).
(c) Sketch the graph of f(x).

67
Solution
Command Screenshot
Convert ‘Menu’ as
‘Equation/Function’.
wQz22

Enter the value of the

coefficients.
z1=4=z3=

Obtains the value of x for the

maximum point.
===

Obtains the value of y for the

maximum point.
=
68
Thus, the values of x and y for the maximum point:
x = 2 and y = 1

(a) 𝑓 𝑥 =− 𝑥−2 2+1

a = 1, h = 2, k = 1

(b) Maximum point = (2, 1)

69
(c)
y
Maximum point
= (2, 1)
1

x
0
1 2 3

3

70
To find a range of a quadratic inequality
 Example:
(a) Find the range of x for 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 ≤ 3.
(b) Find the range of x for 𝑥(𝑥 + 3) > 10.

Solution:
(a) 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 ≤ 3
1. Converts the inequality into the form of
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 ≤ 0.
2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 ≤ 3
2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 3 ≤ 0
71
2. Enter the coefficients of a, b and c.

Command Screenshot
Converts ‘Menu’ as ‘Inequality’.
wx24

Enter the value of the

coefficients.
2=5=z3=

Find the range of x.

=

Thus, the range of x:

1
−3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤
72
2
Solution:
(b) 𝑥(𝑥 + 3) > 10
1. Converts the inequality into the form of
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 > 0.
𝑥 𝑥 + 3 > 10
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10 > 0
2. Enter the coefficients of a, b and c.

73
 Command Screenshot
Converts ‘Menu’ as ‘Inequality’.
wx21

Enter the value of the

coefficients.
1=3=z10=

Find the range of x.

=

Thus, the range of x:

𝑥 < −5 and 𝑥 > 2
74
Let’s Try!
(a) A quadratic function of 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 + 47
can be expressed into a form of
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥 − ℎ 2 + 𝑘, where a, h and k are
constants.
(i) Find the values of a, h and k.
(ii) State the minimum value of the graph f(x).
(iii) Find the equation of symmetry axis for
f(x).

Answer: (a) (i) a = 2, h = 5, k = 3

(ii) 3
(iii) x = 5
75
 (b) Find the range of x for
3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 16 ≥ 𝑥 2𝑥 + 1 .

(c) Given 𝑓 𝑥 = −3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 13, find the range of

x for 𝑓(𝑥) < 5.

𝟒
Answer: (b) x  2, x  8 (c) x  − 𝟑, x  2
76
 Equation System

77
Simultaneous Linear Equations in Three
Variables
 Example:
Solve the following simultaneous linear equations.
(a) 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −38
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 17
−6𝑥 + 𝑦 − 7𝑧 = −12
(b) 3𝑥 − 9𝑧 = 33
7𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 𝑧 = −15
4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 5𝑧 = −6

78
Solution
(a) Command Screenshot
Converts ‘Menu’ to
‘Equation/Function’.
wz13

Enter the coefficient of the

equations.
2=5=2=z38=
3=z2=4=17=
z6=1=z7=z1
2=
Obtain the values of x and y.
===

79
 (b)
Command Screenshot
Converts ‘Menu’ to
‘Equation/Function’.
wz13

Enter the coefficient of the

equations.
3=0=z9=33=
7=z4=z1=z1
5=4=6=5=z6
=
Obtain the values of x and y.
===

80
 Simultaneous Equations
(Involving a linear equation and a non-linear
equation)

81
Solving Simultaneous Equations in Two
Unknowns
 Example:
Solve the following simultaneous equations:
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1
5𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 5 = 0

 Solution:
1. Choose an equation with 1 as the highest power of
variables.
2. Choose any variable as subject.
𝑦 = 1 − 3𝑥
3. Substitute y into 5𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 5 = 0.

82
 Command Screenshot
5[d+(1p3
[)d+4[(1
p3[)p5Q
r0
Obtain the value of x when its
positive infinity (Key-in
“1000”.)
qr1000=
=

Obtain the value of x when its

negative infinity (Key-in
“1000”.)
=z1000==

Thus, x = 2 and x = 1.

83
To obtain the value of y, substitute the values of x into one
of the equations.
When x = 2,
3 2 +𝑦 =1
6+𝑦 =1
𝑦 = −5
When x = 1,
3 −1 + 𝑦 = 1
−3 + 𝑦 = 1
𝑦=4
Answer:
x = 2, y = 5
x = 1, y = 4

84
Let’s Try
(a) Solve the following simultaneous equations:
𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 1 = 0
4𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 7

(b) Solve the following simultaneous equations:

𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 2 = 7

Answer: (a) x = 1.129, y = 1.258 and x = 0.295, y = 1.590

𝟏 𝟐
(b) x = 2, y = 𝟑 and x = 1, y = − 𝟑
85
 Indices, Surds and Logarithms

86
Finding logarithm values using a calculator
 Example:
Solve for each of the following by using a calculator.
(a) log10 45
(b) log 9 27
7 35 5
(c) log 3 − log 3 + log 3
9 81 27

87
Solution
(a) log10 45
Command Screenshot
qz45)=

(b) log 9 27
Command Screenshot
i9$27=

88
 7 35 5
(c) log 3 − log 3 + log 3
9 81 27

Command Screenshot
i3$a7R9$
$pi3$a35
R81$$+i3
$a5R27=

89
Let’s Try!
Solve for each of the following by using a calculator.
(a) 2log10 80 − log10 30
1
(b) log 2
7
(c) log 2 3 × log 3 4 × log 4 8

Answer: (a) 2.3291 (b) 2.8074 (c) 3

90
To solve an equation involving indices and
logarithms
 Example:
Solve the following equations.
(a) 27 32𝑥+4 = 1
(b) log 3 2 + log 3 (𝑥 − 4) = 1

91
Solution
(a) 27 32𝑥+4 = 1
Command Screenshot
Key-in the equation.
27(3^2[+
4$)Qr1

To obtain the value of x.

qr

7
Answer: x = 3.5 / −
2
92
Solution
(b) log 3 2 + log 3 (𝑥 − 4) = 1
Command Screenshot
Key-in the equation.
i3$2$+i
3$[p4$Q
r1
To obtain the value of x.
qr

11
Answer: x = 5.5 /
2
93
Let’s Try
Solve the following equations.
(a) 23𝑥 = 8 + 23𝑥−1
(b) log 3 (2𝑥 − 5) = log 27 (𝑥 + 1)3

𝟒
Answer: (a) x = 1.3333 / 𝟑 (b) x = 6
94
To simplify an expression involving surds.
 Example:
Simplify for each of the following.
18
(a)
3
1
(b)
7 2+5 3

95
Solution
18
(a)
3 Command Screenshot
Key-in the expression.
as18$$3

To obtain the value of x.

=

Answer: 2
96
Solution
1
(b)
7 2+5 3

Command Screenshot
Key-in the expression.
a1$7s2$+
5s3

To obtain the value of x.

=

−𝟓 𝟑+𝟕 𝟐
Answer:
𝟐𝟑

97
Let’s Try
Solve the following expressions.
(a) 18 − 8
1
(b)
5 3

𝟑
Answer: (a) 𝟐 (b)
𝟏𝟓
98
 Differentiation

99
To find the gradient of the tangent to a
curve
 Example:
(a) The point P(1, 5) lies on the curve 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥.
Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve at point
P.
(b) Given the equation of a curve is:
2
1
𝑦 =𝑥 3−𝑥 +
2
The curve passes through the point A(1, 3). Find the
gradient of the curve at A.

100
Solution
(a) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥, P(1, 5)
Command Screenshot
qy

Enter the function of the

curve and the value of x.
3[dp8[$1

Obtain the gradient of the

curve.
=

Answer: 2
101
 2 1
(b) 𝑦 =𝑥 3−𝑥 + , A(1, 3)
2
Command Screenshot
qy

Enter the function of the

curve and the value of x.
[d(3p[)+
a1R2$$z1
Obtain the gradient of the
curve.
=

102
Answer: 9
Let’s Try
 Solve each of the following.

(a) It is given the equation of the curve is

𝑦 = 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 4 and the curve passes through
P(2, 4). Find the gradient of the curve at point P.

(b) The curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 1 passes through

the point A(2, 3). Find the gradient of the curve at A.

Answer: (a) 18 (b) 3

103
 Integration

104
To determine a value of finite integration
 Example:
Solve each of the following.
2
(a) 1
2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2 𝑑𝑥
(b) 1
3𝑥 − 2
5 10
(c) 4 𝑥−3 2
𝑑𝑥
1 −3 𝑑𝑥
(d) 0
6 𝑥 + 2

105
Solution
2
(a) 1
2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Command Screenshot
y2[E2R1=

Answer: 3
2 2
(b) 1
3𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑥
Command Screenshot
y(3[p2)d
E2R1=

106
Answer: 7
 5 10
(c) 4 𝑥−3 2
𝑑𝑥
Command Screenshot
ya10R([p
3)dEE5R4
=

Answer: 3
1 −3
(d) 0
6 𝑥+2 𝑑𝑥
Command Screenshot
y6([+2)^
z3E1R0=

𝟓
107 Answer:
𝟏𝟐
Let’s Try!
 Solve each of the following.
3 3 𝑑𝑥
(a) 0
4𝑥
3 2
(b) 1
4𝑥 − 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 3 𝑑𝑥
(c) 0
16 2 + 4𝑥
3 24
(d) 2 3𝑥−5 3
𝑑𝑥

Answer: (a) 81 (b) 10

𝟏𝟓
108 (c) 1 280 (d) 𝟒
 Linear Law

109
To determine the y-intercept and the
gradient of a graph
 Example:
𝑥
Two variables, x and y are related by the equation = 𝑘 + ℎ𝑥, where k and h
𝑦
are constants. A set of data x and y was obtained and shown in table below.

x 0.80 1.00 1.25 2.00 2.50 5.00

y 0.36 0.45 0.59 1.04 1.43 5.00
1 1
(a) Based on the table above, construct a table for the values of and .
𝑥 𝑦
1 1 1
(b) Plot against , using a scale of 2 cm to 0.2 unit on the -axis and 2
𝑦 𝑥 𝑥
1
cm to 0.5 unit on the -axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit.
𝑦
(c) Use the graph in (b) to find the value of
(i) h,
(ii) k.

110
Solution
(a) & (c) Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as ‘Statistics’.
Choose ‘y = a + bx’.
w62

1 1
Assume x as 𝑥 and y as 𝑦. Enter
1 1
the value of 𝑥 and 𝑦 by base on
the table given.
(Note: The calculator can do
an auto-calculation. Just key-in
the operation required.)

To obtain the y-intercept and Answer

the gradient of the graph, k = 0.28
press T4. h = 2.47

111
Let’s Try
𝑝
Two variables, x and y are related by the equation 𝑦 = + 𝑞𝑥, where p and q
𝑥
are constants. A set of data x and y was obtained and shown in table below.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 5.60 6.55 8.53 10.38 13.12 15.52
(a) Based on the table above, construct a table for the values of x2 and
xy.
(b) Plot xy against x2, using a scale of 2 cm to 5 units on the x2-axis and
2 cm to 10 units on the xy-axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit.
(c) Use the graph in (b) to find the value of
(i) p,
(ii) q.

Answer: (c) (i) p = 2.85 (ii) q = 2.5

112
 Vector

113
To solve adding/subtracting vectors and
hence, find the unit vector
 Example:
Given that 𝐴𝐵 = −3𝑖 + 2𝑗 and 𝐴𝐶 = −7𝑖 + 5𝑗. Find
(a) 𝐵𝐶.
(b) unit vector in direction of 𝐵𝐶.

114
Solution
(a) 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐵𝐴 + 𝐴𝐶 = −𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶

Command Screenshot
Converts ‘Menu’ as ‘Vector’.
w512

Define 𝐴𝐵 as ‘VctA’.
z3=2=

Define 𝐴𝐶 as ‘VctB’.
T122z7=5
=

115
 Command Screenshot
Change mode ‘Vector
Calculator’.
T3

Calculate 𝐵𝐶.
zT3+T4=

Answer: 𝑩𝑪 = −𝟒𝒊 + 𝟑𝒋

116
(b) Unit vector of 𝐵𝐶
Command Screenshot
TR4T3)

Find the unit vector.

=

Answer: Unit vector of 𝑩𝑪 = −𝟎. 𝟖𝒊 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝒋

117
Let’s Try!
Given that 𝑃𝑄 = 4𝑖 − 8𝑗 and 𝑄𝑅 = −2𝑖 − 3𝑗.
Calculate each of the following. Hence, find the unit
vector for each vector.
1
(a) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑃𝑄 − 3𝑄𝑅
2
(b) 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑄𝑃 − 2𝑅𝑄

𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟖
Answer: (a) 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟒𝒊 − 𝟖𝒋 , Unit vector =
𝟎. 𝟓𝟑
118 −𝟎. 𝟗𝟕𝟎𝟏
(b) 𝑪𝑫 = −𝟖𝒊 + 𝟐𝒋 Unit vector =
𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝟐𝟓
 Probability Distribution

119
To solve a problem involves Binomial
distribution
 Example:
It is found that 70% of the students from a certain class
obtained grade A in Mathematics in final year examination. If
10 students from the class are selected at random, find the
probability that
(a) exactly 8 students obtained grade A,
(b) not more than 8 students obtained grade A,
(c) at least 4 students obtained grade A.

120
Solution
(a) P(X = 8); x = 8, N = 10, p = 0.7
Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose
‘Binomial PD’
w742

Enter the value.

8=10=0.7
=

Obtain the probability.

=

Answer: 0.2335
121
(b) Method 1: Using Binomial Probability Density (PD), ‘List’
P(X  8) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + … + P(X = 8)
N = 10, p = 0.7

Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose
‘Binomial PD’
w741

Enter the value.

0=1=2=3=
4=5=6=7=
8=
Obtain the probability.
=10=0.7=
=
Then, add all the probabilities.

122
Answer: 0.8507
(b) Method 2: Using Binomial Cumulative Distribution (CD),
‘Variable’
P(X  8); x = 8, N = 10, p = 0.7
Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose
‘Binomial CD’
w7R12

Enter the value.

8=10=0.7
=

Obtain the probability.

=

123 Answer: 0.8507

(c) P(X  4) = 1 – P(X  3); N = 10, p = 0.7
Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose
‘Binomial PD’.
w741

Enter the value of P(X  3).

0=1=2=3=

Enter the value of N and p.

=10=0.7=
=
Then, obtain P(X  3) by add
all the probabilities.
P(X  3) = 0.0000 + 0.0001 + 0.0014 + 0.0090
= 0.0105
P(X  4) = 1 – P(X  3) = 1  0.0105 = 0.9895
124
Answer: 0.9895
Let’s Try!
 Solve each of the following.

It is found that 20% of the students from Kampung Aman walk

to school. If 8 students from Kampung Aman are chosen
randomly, find the probability that
(a) exactly 3 of them walk to school,
(b) more than 3 of them walk to school,
(c) not more 5 of them walk to school.

Answer: (a) 0.1468 (b) 0.2031 (c) 0.9988

125
To determine the probability of Normal
Distribution
 Example:
Find the value for each of the following.
(a) P(Z  1.32)
(b) P(Z  1.28)
(c) P(Z  1.862)
(d) P(1.4  Z  2.8)

126
Solution
(a) P(Z  1.32) ;  = 1,  = 0
Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose
‘Normal CD’.
w72

Enter the value

1.32=100
0=1=0=

Obtains the probability.

=

127 Answer: 0.0934

(b) P(Z  1.28) ;  = 1,  = 0
Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose
‘Normal CD’.
w72

Enter the value.

z1000=1.
28=1=0=

Obtains the probability.

=

Answer: 0.8997

128
(c) P(Z  1.862) ;  = 1,  = 0
Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose
‘Normal CD’.
w72

Enter the value.

z9K99=z1
.925=1=0
=
Obtains the probability.
=

Answer: 0.0271

129
(d) P(1.4  Z  2.8) ;  = 1,  = 0
Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose
‘Normal CD’.
w72

Enter the value.

1.4=2.8=
1=0=

Obtains the probability.

=

Answer: 0.0782

130
Finding the value of score-z, when
the value of the probability is given
 Example:
Find the value for each of the following.
(a) P(Z  z) = 0.7694
(b) P(Z  z) = 0.1772
(c) P(Z  z) = 0.0202
(d) P(Z  z) = 0.8032

*Note: To solve this problem, use the Inverse Normal, which is

the calculator is set-on left-tailed setting only.

131
Solution
(a) P(Z  z) = 0.7694;  = 1,  = 0
Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose ‘Inverse
Normal’.
w73

Enter the value.

0.7694=1
=0=

Obtains the value of score-z.

=

132 Answer: 0.7369

(b) P(Z  z) = 0.1772;  = 1,  = 0
Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose ‘Inverse
Normal’.
w72

Enter the value.

0.8228=1
=0=

Obtains the value of score-z.

=

Answer: 0.9261

133
(c) P(Z  z) = 0.0202;  = 1,  = 0
Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose ‘Inverse
Normal’.
w72

Enter the value.

0.0202=1
=0=

Obtains the value of score-z.

=

Answer: 2.05

134
(d) P(Z  z) = 0.8032;  = 1,  = 0
Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose ‘Inverse
Normal’.
w72

Enter the value.

0.1968=1
=0=

Obtains the value of score-z.

=

Answer: 0.8531

135
Let’s Try!
1 Find the value for each of the following.
(a) P(Z  1.64)
(b) P(Z  1.51)
(c) P(Z  1.12)
(d) P(0.1  Z  0.7)
Answer: (a) 0.0505 (b) 0.9345 (c) 0.1313 (d) 0.2979

2 Find the value for each of the following.

(a) P(Z  z) = 0.8002
(b) P(Z  z) = 0.1529
(c) P(Z  z) = 0.0186
(d) P(Z  z) = 0.7948

Answer:
136 (a) 0.8423 (b) 1.0241 (c) 2.0836 (d) 0.8232
Solving problem involves Normal
Distribution
 Example:
The mass of the scout members in a school follow a normal
distribution with a mean of 48 kg and standard deviation of
5.8 kg. Find
(a) the probability that a member chosen at random from
the group has a mass less than 45 kg,
(b) the value of m, if 25% of the scout members have mass
more than m kg.

137
Solution
45−μ
(a) P(X  45) = P Z < ;  = 48,  = 5.8
σ
Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose
‘Normal CD’
w72

Enter the value.

z1000=45
=5.8=48

Obtain the probability.

=

138 Answer: 0.3025

(b) Method 1:
𝑚−μ
P Z> = 0.25;  = 48,  = 5.8
σ

Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose
‘Inverse Normal’.
w73

Enter the value.

0.75=1=0
=

𝑚−48
 = 0.6745
5.8
 m = 51.9121 / 51.91
139
(b) Method 2:
𝑚−μ
P Z> = 0.25;  = 48,  = 5.8
σ

Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose ‘Inverse
Normal’.
w73

Enter the value.

0.75=5.8
=48=

Obtain the value of m.

=

140
Answer: m = 51.91
 Example:
The mass of pineapples harvested from a farm follows a
normal distribution with a mean of 2 kg and a standard
deviation of 0.5 kg. Given that 15.87% of the pineapples have a
mass more than m kg.
(a) Find the probability that a pineapple is chosen at random
with a mass between 1.0 kg and 2.5 kg.
(b) Calculate the value of m.

141
Solution
(a) P(1.0  X  2.5);  = 2,  = 0.5

Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose
‘Normal CD’
w72

Enter the value.

1=2.5=0.
5=2=

Obtain the probability.

=

Answer: 0.8186
142
(b) Method 1:
𝑚−μ
P Z> = 0.1587;  = 2,  = 0.5
σ

Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose
‘Inverse Normal’.
w73

Enter the value.

0.8413=1
=0==

𝑚−2
 = 0.9998
0.5
143  m = 2.4999 / 2.5
(b) Method 2:
𝑚−μ
P Z> = 0.1587;  = 2,  = 0.5
σ

Command Screenshot
Change ‘Menu’ as
‘Distribution’. Choose
‘Inverse Normal’.
w73

Enter the value.

0.8413=0
.5=2=

Obtain the value of m.

=

144
Answer: m = 2.5
Let’s Try!
 Solve each of the following.

The diameters of limes from a farm have a normal distribution

with a mean of 3.2 cm and a standard deviation of 1.5 cm.
Calculate
(a) the probability that a lime is chosen at random from this
farm has a diameter of more than 3.9 cm.
(b) the value d if 33% of the limes have diameters less than
d cm.

Answer: (a) 0.3204 (b) d = 2.54

145
 If any enquiries, kindly contact me..
 Amar Safwan bin Roslin
 017-230 5510
 [email protected]

146
 Thank you…

147