GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Mr. Chris Ever S. Ron, LPT

St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban
 OBJECTIVES:
 represents real-life situations
using functions, including piece-
wise functions;
 evaluates a function;
 performs addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, and
composition of functions; and
 solves problems involving
functions.

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 2
 Chris can paint a room
1
in 52 hours.

His sister named

Queenie can do the
1
same job in 72 hours.

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 3
 A train needs to travel from
Station A to Station B.

The distance of Station A to

Station B is 50 kilometers.
The train travels at a speed
of 100 km per hour.

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 4
 A large pipe can empty a pool in 6 hours and a small pipe can
empty the same pool in 9 hours.

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 5
SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 6
 RELATION
Definition:
A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the
domain) to a second set of values (called range). It is a set of ordered
pairs (x,y).

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 7
 FUNCTION MACHINE
Note that in the Function
Machine or Function Rule, for
every element in the set of
inputs (domain), there
corresponds one and only one
element in the set of outputs
(range).

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 8
 FUNCTION
Definition:
Functions are often denoted by any letter of the English alphabet or
Greek character. The most commonly used notations are f, g, h, F, G,
H, Φ, and 𝜃.

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 9
 FUNCTION
Definition:
A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to
only one value in the range by some rule. A function is a rule of
correspondence between two nonempty sets, such that, to each element
of the first set called domain, there corresponds one and only one
element of the second set called range.

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 10
 FUNCTION
Definition:
A function is a set of ordered pairs (x,y) such that no two ordered pairs
have the same x-value but different y-values. Using functional
notation, we can write f(x)=y, read as “f of x is equal to y or f at x is
equal to y.” In particular, if (1, 2) is an ordered pair associated with the
function f, then we say that f(2)=1.

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 11
 DOMAIN AND RANGE
Definition:
Domain is the set of first coordinates and all possible values of x; set
of inputs.

Definition:
Range is the set of second coordinates and all possible values of y; set
of outputs.

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 12
 DOMAIN AND RANGE
Definition:
When a function f is defined by y=f(x), then x is called the
independent variable. Any element of the domain can be chosen as
value of the independent variable. The resulting value determines the
corresponding value of the dependent variable.

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 13
 RELATION VS. FUNCTION
Example:

FUNCTION RELATION

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 14
 RELATION VS. FUNCTION
Example:
1. f(x) = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7)}
2. g(x) = {(-8,8), (7,5), (-4,7), (7,6)}
3. h(x) = {(1,3), (1,4), (2, 5), (2,6), (3,7)
4. H(x) = {(-9,3), (5,7), (8,5), (1,-1)}
ANSWERS:
1. Function 2. Relation 3. Relation 4. Function

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 15
 RELATION VS. FUNCTION
Point to remember:

All functions are relations, but

not all relations are functions.

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 16
 EVALUATING A FUNCTION
Definition:
Evaluating a function means to replace or substitute a variable in a
given function with a number or expression. In evaluating functions,
we can think of function machines. The function machine as f(x)
accepts values of x as inputs and then processes the inputs to produce
an output.

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 17
 EVALUATING A FUNCTION
Law of Substitution:

If a+x=b and x=c, then a+c=b.

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 18
 EVALUATING A FUNCTION
Example:
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 4; 𝑥=2
𝑓 2 =?
𝑓 2 = (2) + 4
𝑓 2 =6

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 19
 SUM OF FUNCTIONS
Definition:
If f and g are functions, their sum is the function defined as (𝑓 +

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 20
 SUM OF FUNCTIONS
Example:
1. Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 1.
Find 𝑓 + 𝑔 𝑥 .

SOLUTION:
𝑓 + 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑥)
= (2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥) + (𝑥 2 − 1)
= 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 1
= 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 1

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 21
 DIFFERENCE OF FUNCTIONS
Definition:
If f and g are functions, their difference is the function defined as
𝑓 − 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑔(𝑥).

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 22
 DIFFERENCE OF FUNCTIONS
Example:
1. Let 𝑝 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 1 and 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 3.
Find 𝑝 − 𝑓 𝑥 .

SOLUTION:
𝑝 − 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑝 𝑥 − 𝑓(𝑥)
= (𝑥 2 + 1) - (𝑥 − 3)
= 𝑥 2 + 1 + −𝑥 + 3
= 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 4

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 23
 PRODUCT OF FUNCTIONS
Definition:
If f and g are functions, their product is the function defined as
𝑓 ∙ 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 ∙ 𝑔(𝑥).

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 24
 PRODUCT OF FUNCTIONS
Example:
𝑥 2 −7𝑥−8 𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6
1. Let 𝑓 𝑥 = and 𝑔 𝑥 = . Find 𝑓 ∙ 𝑔 𝑥 .
𝑥+1 𝑥 2 −5𝑥−24

SOLUTION:
𝑓 ∙ 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)
Observe how factoring techniques help facilitate the multiplication process.
𝑥 2 −7𝑥−8 𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6
= ∙ 2
𝑥+1 𝑥 −5𝑥−24
(𝑥−8)(𝑥+1) (𝑥+3)(𝑥+2)
= ∙ (𝑥−8)(𝑥+3)
𝑥+1
(𝑥−8)(𝑥+1) (𝑥+3)(𝑥+2)
= ∙ (𝑥−8)(𝑥+3)
𝑥+1
=𝑥+2
SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 25
 QUOTIENT OF FUNCTIONS
Definition:
If f and g are functions, their quotient is the function defined as
𝑓 𝑓 𝑥
𝑥 = .
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 26
 QUOTIENT OF FUNCTIONS
Example:
1 𝑀
1. Let 𝑀 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑁 𝑥 = 2𝑥 . Find 𝑥 .
𝑁
SOLUTION:
𝑀 𝑀(𝑥)
𝑥 =
𝑁 𝑁(𝑥)
𝑥2
= 1
2𝑥
= 𝑥 2 ∙ 2𝑥
= 2𝑥 3

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 27
 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
Definition:
The composition of function f with g is denoted 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 and is defined by
the equation 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑔 𝑥 ). The symbol 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 is read as “f
circle g.”

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 28
 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
Example:
1. Given 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 2 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 + 2, find 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 𝑥 .

SOLUTION:
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 2
𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑔 𝑥 )
= 3 3𝑥 2 + 2 + 2
= 9𝑥 2 + 6 + 2
= 9𝑥 2 + 8

SHS STEM Strand – General Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Functions | Chris Ever S. Ron - St. Scholastica’s College Tacloban 29