Introduction

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide, with an estimated 463
million adults living with the condition as of 2019. The disease can have a profound impact on
everyday life, with symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and hunger. It
can also increase the risk of other health problems, including heart attack, nerve damage, and eye
disease. Type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 and develops primarily in adults, although
it can occur in children as well.
While there is no cure for diabetes, treatment options can help manage the disease and prevent
complications. Lifestyle approaches such as physiotherapy, diet, and exercise can be effective in
managing blood sugar levels and improving overall health. More conventional approaches such
as medication and surgery can also be used to manage the disease. However, each approach has
its benefits and limitations. This essay will explore the various treatment options available for
type 2 diabetes, examining the effectiveness of lifestyle approaches and more conventional
methods such as medication and surgery. Ultimately, the aim is to provide a comprehensive
overview of the different options available and help individuals with type 2 diabetes make
informed decisions about their treatment plan.
Body part1
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels
due to insufficient insulin production or its inefficient use. There are two types of diabetes: type
1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the pancreas does not produce
enough insulin. On the other hand, in type 2 diabetes, the body produces insulin, but the cells do
not use it effectively, leading to high blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes is the most common
form of diabetes, accounting for about 90% of cases (Jaffe, 2022).
Several risk factors can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes, including a family
history of diabetes, overweight or obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet, age over 55 years,
gestational diabetes, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (Health Direct, undated). Symptoms of
type 2 diabetes include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, hunger, and slow healing of
cuts (Health Direct, undated).
Without treatment, type 2 diabetes can progress and lead to various complications, including
cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, vision loss, and foot ulcers. However,
lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and weight loss, can prevent
or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes (Mayo Clinic, 2021). Moreover, medication and insulin
therapy can also help regulate blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes (Mayo Clinic,
2021).
Lifestyle approaches such as physiotherapy, diet, and exercise can benefit individuals with type 2
diabetes. Exercise improves insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by muscles, leading to better
glucose control (Colberg et al., 2010). Moreover, a healthy diet can help manage blood glucose
levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes (American
Diabetes Association, 2020). However, lifestyle approaches may have limitations, such as the
need for significant lifestyle changes and individual variability in response to the interventions.
Conventional approaches to treating type 2 diabetes include medication and insulin therapy.
These approaches are effective in lowering blood glucose levels, but they may have side effects
and require regular monitoring (Mayo Clinic, 2021). Surgery, such as bariatric surgery, can also
improve glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes who are severely obese (Rubino et al.,
2016).
In conclusion, type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that can lead to various
complications. Lifestyle approaches such as physiotherapy, diet, and exercise can help prevent or
delay the onset of type 2 diabetes, whereas conventional approaches such as medication and
surgery can help regulate blood glucose levels. A personalized approach to diabetes management
is crucial to achieve optimal glycemic control and prevent complications.
Body Part 2
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar. The
first approach to treatment often involves medication to manage blood sugar levels. There are
various medications available, including insulin, biguanides (such as Metformin), sulfonylureas,
and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (such as Acarbose). These medications work in different ways
to either reduce the liver's glucose-raising effect or increase the body's sensitivity to insulin.
Metformin, for example, helps lower blood glucose levels by increasing the body's sensitivity to
insulin and reducing the liver's glucose production. The effectiveness of these medications
depends on various factors such as the patient's age, health condition, and the stage of diabetes.

Apart from medication, lifestyle approaches such as physiotherapy, diet, and exercise can also be
used to manage type 2 diabetes. A healthy meal plan and regular exercise can help in maintaining
blood glucose levels, reducing excess weight, and minimizing the risk of complications.
According to a study by Colberg et al. (2010), many people with type 2 diabetes can achieve
better blood glucose control by following a healthy meal plan and exercise program, and losing
excess weight. Physical activity has been found to have a beneficial impact on all-cause
cardiovascular mortality or cardiovascular risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes, as per
Balducci et al. (2017).

Regular exercise has been shown to be particularly effective in improving the parameters
affected by type 2 diabetes. Szilagyi (2019) found that a 24-week-long sports therapy program
was successful in improving the parameters affected by type 2 diabetes. Excessive weight plays a
significant role in the prevention and control of insulin resistance, pre-diabetes-related health
complications, as per Colberg et al. (2010).
In summary, the first approach to treating type 2 diabetes involves medication to manage blood
sugar levels. Various medications are available, and their effectiveness depends on the patient's
age, health condition, and stage of diabetes. Lifestyle approaches such as physiotherapy, diet, and
exercise can also be used to manage type 2 diabetes. A healthy meal plan and regular exercise
can help in maintaining blood glucose levels, reducing excess weight, and minimizing the risk of
complications.

Body part 3
The second approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes is lifestyle modification, which includes
physical activity, dietary changes, and weight loss. Physical activity and exercise have been
shown to be beneficial in improving glucose control, reducing insulin resistance, and improving
cardiovascular health in individuals with type 2 diabetes. According to Colberg et al. (2010),
"many people with type 2 diabetes can achieve blood glucose control by following a nutrition
meal plan and exercise program, losing excess weight." Balducci et al. (2017) further explain
that there is an "inverse relationship [that] links physical activity (PA) to all-cause cardiovascular
mortality or cardiovascular risk factor in the general population and in subjects with type 2
diabetes."
A study conducted by Szilagyi (2019) also found that a 24-week sports therapy program was
successful in improving parameters affected by type 2 diabetes. The study showed that exercise
and sports therapy improved HbA1c levels, body composition, and cardiovascular fitness in
individuals with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, lifestyle modification through physical activity and
exercise can improve glucose control and overall health outcomes in individuals with type 2
diabetes.
Another benefit of lifestyle modification is the prevention and control of insulin resistance and
pre-diabetes-related health complications. Colberg et al. (2010) suggest that exercise plays a
major role in the prevention and control of insulin resistance and pre-diabetes-related health
complications. Therefore, physical activity and exercise can be an effective approach to the
prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.
However, there are limitations to lifestyle modification as an approach to the treatment of type 2
diabetes. For instance, individuals may find it difficult to maintain lifestyle changes over time,
and there may be cultural or socioeconomic barriers to access and availability of physical activity
and exercise programs. Additionally, lifestyle modification alone may not be sufficient to
manage diabetes in some individuals, and medication or other interventions may be required.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the treatment options for Diabetes Type 2 are varied and aim to help individuals
manage their condition effectively. Lifestyle approaches such as physiotherapy, diet, and exercise
play a crucial role in managing the disease and can have long-term benefits such as improved
overall health and reduced risk of complications. However, these approaches also have
limitations, such as the need for consistent motivation and the difficulty of sustaining lifestyle
changes over time. On the other hand, conventional approaches such as medication and surgery
can provide more immediate relief of symptoms but may have side effects and require ongoing
monitoring.
It is recommended that individuals with Diabetes Type 2 work closely with their healthcare team
to develop a personalized treatment plan that takes into account their individual needs and
preferences. A combination of lifestyle approaches and conventional treatments may be the most
effective approach for many people, and ongoing communication with healthcare professionals is
essential for long-term management of the disease.
Overall, while Diabetes Type 2 can be a challenging condition to manage, there are many
effective treatment options available to help individuals live healthy and fulfilling lives. With the
right care and support, individuals with Diabetes Type 2 can take control of their condition and
enjoy a good quality of life.