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org © 2017 IJCRT | International Conference Proceeding ICCCT Dec 2017| ISSN: 2320-2882
International Conference On Communication & Computational Technologies by RIET, Jaipur & IJCRT.ORG 2017

Automated Plants Watering System Using

Arduino UNO Board
Umesh Maru 1 Mr. Rajesh Jain 2 Mr. Gajendra sujediya 3
M.Tech Scholar (DC) Asstt. Prof. (CSE) Asstt. Prof. (ECE)
Email- [email protected] Email- [email protected] Email- [email protected]
Rajasthan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur-302026, India

that it will sense the moisture level of the plants and supply the
Abstract water if required. This type of system is often used for general
plant care, as part of caring for small and large gardens.
Watering is the most important cultural practice and most . Table 1 Degrees in path and name of the Rashi (Sign) are
labor intensive task in daily greenhouse operation. Watering according to astrology. (The degrees are divided with respect to
systems ease the burden of getting water to plants when they Earth) shows the name of sections of sign as per 300. This type of
need it. Knowing when and how much to water is two important calculation can be observed from astrological books.This
aspects of watering process. To make the gardener works easily, research work is divided into some phases of experiment to
the automatic plant watering system is created. understand relation between scientific and astrological details of
Keywords: Cultural; Intensive; Burden planets. So those phases are described in the Experiment design
section of papers.
1. INTRODUCTION 2. Experiment design
Watering is the most important cultural practice and most
labor intensive task in daily greenhouse operation. Watering or There are two functional components in this project. They are
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. the moisture sensors and the motor/water pump. Thus the
It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, Arduino Board is programmed using the Arduino IDE software.
maintenance of landscapes, and re vegetation of disturbed soils in The function of the moisture sensor is to sense the level of
dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Watering moisture in the soil. The motor/water pump supplies water to the
systems ease the burden of getting water to plants when they plants.
need it. Knowing when and how much to water is two important
aspects of watering process. To make the gardener works easily,
the automatic plant watering system is created. There have a
various type using automatic watering system that are by using
sprinkler system, tube, nozzles and other. This project uses
watering sprinkler system because it can water the plants located
in the pots.

Healthy plants can transpire a lot of water, resulting in an

increase in the humidity of the greenhouse air. A high relative
humidity (above 80-85%) should be avoided because it can
increase the incidence of disease and reduce plant transpiration.
Sufficient venting or successive heating and venting can prevent
condensation on plants surfaces and the greenhouse structure.
The use of cooling systems during the warmer summer months
increases the greenhouse air humidity. During periods with warm
and humid outdoor conditions, humidity control inside the
greenhouse can be a challenge. Greenhouses located in dry,
dessert environments benefit greatly from evaporative cooling Fig. 1-Block Diagram of Automated Plants Watering System
systems because large amounts of water can be evaporated into Arduino UNO :
the incoming air, resulting in significant temperature drops. The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board
based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of
which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
This project uses Arduino board, which consists of ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to
ATmega328 Microcontroller. It is programmed in such a way support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer

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www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | International Conference Proceeding ICCCT Dec 2017| ISSN: 2320-2882
International Conference On Communication & Computational Technologies by RIET, Jaipur & IJCRT.ORG 2017

with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied
battery to get started. Fig 2.1.1 Arduino Uno The Uno differs with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than
from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB- five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than
to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board.
(Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts.
converter.
Moisture Sensor:
Soil moisture sensors measure the water
content in soil. A soil moisture probe is made up of multiple soil
moisture sensors. Technologies commonly used in soil moisture
sensors include:

• Frequency domain sensor such as a capacitance sensor.

• Neutron moisture gauges, utilize the moderator
properties of water for neutrons.
• Electrical resistance of the soil

In this particular project, we will use the moisture sensors which

can be inserted in the soil , in order to measure the moisture
content of the soil. Moisture Sensor Soil electrical conductivity
is simply measured using two metal conductors spaced apart in
the soil except that dissolved salts greatly alter the water
conductivity and can confound the measurements. An
inexpensive fix is to embed conductors in a porous gypsum
block which releases calcium and sulphate ions to swamp the
Fig. 2- Arduino UNO Board soil background level of ions.

The water absorbed by the block is correlated with soil water

Table. 1- Feature Specification of Arduino UNO Board potential over the range -60 to -600 kPa providing a tertiary
indicator for use in medium to heavy soils. Non-dissolving
granular matrix sensors are now available with a more exacting
specification for the range 0 to -200 kPa and use internal
calibration methods to offset variations due to solutes and
temperature.

Methods for exploiting soil dielectric properties actually

measure proxy variables that more or less include a component
due to the soil electrical conductivity and are thus inherently
sensitive to variations in soil salinity and temperature as well as
water. Measurements are also affected by soil bulk density and
the proportion of bound and free water determined by the soil
type. Nevertheless, good accuracy and precision can be achieved
under specific conditions and some sensor types have become
widely adopted for scientific work.

The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or

with an external power supply. The power source is selected
automatically. External (non-USB) power can come either from
an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be
connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the
board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the
GND and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. The board

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www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | International Conference Proceeding ICCCT Dec 2017| ISSN: 2320-2882
International Conference On Communication & Computational Technologies by RIET, Jaipur & IJCRT.ORG 2017

Fig. 3- Moisture Sensor

In general, conversions from raw sensor readings to volumetric Fig. 4- Water Pump
moisture content or water potential using secondary or tertiary
methods tend to be sensor or soil specific, affected or precluded The pumping of water is a basic and practical technique, far
at high salinity levels and dependent on temperature. Research- more practical than scooping it up with one's hands or lifting it
grade instruments typically have laboratory measured accuracy in a hand-held bucket. This is true whether the water is drawn
worse than +/- 4% when relying on factory settings or as good as from a fresh source, moved to a needed location, purified, or
+/- 1% when calibrated for the specific soil. Sensors based on used for irrigation, washing, or sewage treatment, or for
the TDR method seem to require least calibration but may be evacuating water from an undesirable location. Regardless of the
unsuitable for soils with very high salinity or clay content. There outcome, the energy required to pump water is an extremely
are no comparable laboratory specifications for granular matrix demanding component of water consumption. All other
sensors, possibly because they are technically more difficult to processes depend or benefit either from water descending from a
calibrate, their response times are relatively slow and the output higher elevation or some pressurized plumbing system.
is hysteretic for wetting and drying curves.
Programming:
Soil dielectric measurement is the method of choice for most The Arduino Uno can be programmed with
research studies where expertise is available for calibration, the Arduino software. Select "Arduino Uno from the Tools >
installation and interpretation, but scope for cost reduction Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board).
through sensor multiplexing is limited due to the possibility of
stray capacitances. A lower manufacturing cost is possible The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preburned with a
through development of application specific integrated circuits boot loader that allows you to upload new code to it without the
(ASICS), though this requires a high level of investment. use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using
Multiple sensors are required to provide a depth profile and the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files).We can
cover a representative area, but this cost can be minimized also bypass the boot loader and programs the microcontroller
through use of a computer model to extend the measurements in through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header; see
a predictive way. Thus, by using the moisture sensors, the over- these instructions for details. The ATmega16U2 (or 8U2 in the
riding factor will be reliable, cost-effective sensors and rev1 and rev2 boards) firmware source code is available. The
electronic systems for accessing and interpreting the data. ATmega16U2/8U2 is loaded with a DFU boot loader, which can
be activated by:
Water Pump:
The water pump is used to artificially supply • On Rev1 boards: connecting the solder jumper on the back of
water for a particular task. It can be electronically controlled by the board (near the map of Italy) and then resetting the 8U2.
interfacing it to a microcontroller. It can be triggered ON/OFF • On Rev2 or later boards: there is a resistor that pulling the
by sending signals as required. The process of artificially 8U2/16U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into
supplying water is known as pumping. There are many varieties DFU mode.
of water pumps used. This project employs the use of a small
water pump which is connected to a H-Bridge The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating
with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers.
The ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial
communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1

IJCRTICCC003 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 15

www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | International Conference Proceeding ICCCT Dec 2017| ISSN: 2320-2882
International Conference On Communication & Computational Technologies by RIET, Jaipur & IJCRT.ORG 2017

(TX). An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial Arduino board which triggers the Water Pump to turn ON and
communication over USB and appears as a virtual com port to supply the water to respective plant using the Rotating
software on the computer. The '16U2 firmware uses the standard Platform/Sprinkler. When the desired moisture level is reached
USB COM drivers, and no external driver is needed. However, , the system halts on its own and the Water Pump is turned
on Windows, a .inf file is required. OFF. Thus, the functionality of the entire system has been
tested thoroughly and it is said to function successfully.
3. Conclusion
Thus the “ARDUINO BASED AUTOMATIC PLANT
WATERING SYSTEM” has been designed and tested References
successfully. It has been developed by integrated features of all
the hardware components used. Presence of every module has 1. http://electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives
been reasoned out and placed /view_article.asp?sno=1980&id=13372

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2&biw=1366&bih=667&q=lcd+16*2&oq=lcd+16*2&g
s_l=serp.3...22316.27199.0.27533.8.8.0.0.0.0.1274.2487
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GSQ5KS5uOY

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ource=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiLl
p_Gm-
PJAhUGA44KHbD3BZ8QFgguMAM&url=http%3A%
2F%2Fwww.ijarcsse.com%2Fdocs%2Fpapers%2FVolu
me_4%2F10_October2014%2FV4I10-
0228.pdf&usg=AFQjCNGDq7x-
75EdZ7lu2PrML2c8qP_kOQ&sig2=jCTtd_VeVJlGrob
GLyq59w

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Llp_Gm-
Fig. 5- Real Time circuit of project PJAhUGA44KHbD3BZ8QFghYMAw&url=http%3A%
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ve%2520Project-
carefully, thus contributing to the best working of the unit. The S2012%2F03Rep.pdf&usg=AFQjCNFhwb5w4-
system has been tested to function automatically. The moisture vPqQrI7w3j-
sensors measure the moisture level (water content) of the FLhldWw6A&sig2=zUfEP2DiBlBDDlQSfL6U6A
different plants. If the moisture level is found to be below the
desired level , the moisture sensor sends the signal to the

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