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Lab Report 1

This lab report describes an acid-base titration experiment to determine the concentration of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in a solution. Sodium carbonate is a weak base that reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) in a 1:1 ratio. By calculating the amount of HCl needed to neutralize the Na2CO3 solution, its concentration can be found. Phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicators were used to mark the endpoints of the titration, as the hydrolysis of carbonate and bicarbonate ions produces hydroxide ions that react with HCl. The reaction, use of indicators, and calculation of concentration are described.

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58 views3 pages

Lab Report 1

This lab report describes an acid-base titration experiment to determine the concentration of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in a solution. Sodium carbonate is a weak base that reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) in a 1:1 ratio. By calculating the amount of HCl needed to neutralize the Na2CO3 solution, its concentration can be found. Phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicators were used to mark the endpoints of the titration, as the hydrolysis of carbonate and bicarbonate ions produces hydroxide ions that react with HCl. The reaction, use of indicators, and calculation of concentration are described.

Uploaded by

Kushani Hasinika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LAB REPORT – 01 Date – 10/08/2023

Title – Titration of anions of week acids (Bronsted bases) with strong acid
(Determination of the concentration of Na2CO3 with 0.04 M HCl)

Theory -

The objective of this experiment was to determine the concentration of Na 2CO3 (sodium
carbonate) in a solution using titration with a strong acid, 0.04 M HCl. The hydrolysis of
anions of weak acids and the use of indicators, phenolphthalein and methyl orange,
were employed to identify the endpoints of the titration. Sodium carbonate is a weak
base that can react with a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), in a one-to-one
stoichiometric ratio. By calculating the amount of HCl required to neutralize the sodium
carbonate solution, the concentration of the latter could be determined.

Titration is a fundamental technique in analytical chemistry used to determine the


concentration of a substance in a solution. In this experiment, we sought to determine
the concentration of Na2CO3 in a solution by titrating it with a known concentration of
strong acid, HCl. The hydrolysis of carbonate and bicarbonate ions produces hydroxide
ions (OH-), allowing for their titration with a strong acid. Phenolphthalein and methyl
orange indicators were utilized to mark the endpoints of the titration.

In this experiment, the anions of weak acids, which act as Bronsted bases, were titrated
with a strong acid. Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), dissociates in water to form sodium ions
(Na+) and carbonate ions (CO32-).

The reaction between Na2CO3 and HCl is as follows:

Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Anions of weak acids produce OH- ions due to hydrolysis and hence can be titrated
using strong acids.

CO32- + H2O HCO32- + OH- (hydrolysis)


HCO32- + H2O H2CO3 + OH- (hydrolysis)
H+ + OH- H2O (strong acid react with OH- from hydrolysis)
Acid–base titrations depend on the neutralization between an acid and a base when
mixed in solution. In addition to the sample, an appropriate pH indicator is added to the
titration chamber, representing the pH range of the equivalence point. The acid–base
indicator indicates the endpoint of the titration by changing color. The endpoint and the
equivalence point are not exactly the same because the equivalence point is
determined by the stoichiometry of the reaction while the endpoint is just the color
change from the indicator. Thus, a careful selection of the indicator will reduce the
indicator error.

Indicator Color on acidic side Range of color change Color on basic side
(pH)
Methyl Orange Red 3.1 – 4.4 Yellow
Methyl Red Red 4.4 – 6.3 Yellow
Phenolphthalein Colorless 8.3 – 10.0 Pink
Bromocresol green Blue 3.8 – 5.4 Yellow
Thymolphthalein Colorless 9.3 – 10.5 Blue
RESULTS

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