Data Deduplication For Dummies 2011
Data Deduplication For Dummies 2011
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Data Deduplication
FOR
DUMmIES
QUANTUM
2ND
SPECIAL EDITION
These materials are the copyright of Wiley Publishing, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited.
Data Deduplication For Dummies, Quantum 2nd Special Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright 2011 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. Quantum and the Quantum logo are trademarks of Quantum Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ. For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Business Development Department in the U.S. at 317-572-3205. For details on how to create a custom For Dummies book for your business or organization, contact [email protected]. For information about licensing the For Dummies brand for products or services, contact BrandedRights&[email protected]. ISBN: 978-1-118-03204-6 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
How This Book Is Organized .................................................... 1 Icons Used in This Book ............................................................ 2
Chapter 4: Ten Frequently Asked Data Deduplication Questions (And Their Answers) . . . .23
What Does the Term Data Deduplication Really Mean? .....23 How Is Data Deduplication Applied to Replication? ............ 24 What Applications Does Data Deduplication Support? ...... 24 Is There Any Way to Tell How Much Improvement Data Deduplication Will Give Me? ...................................... 24 What Are the Real Benefits of Data Deduplication? ............ 25 What Is Variable-Block-Length Data Deduplication? ........... 25 If the Data Is Divided into Blocks, Is It Safe? ......................... 26 When Does Data Deduplication Occur during Backup?...... 26 Does Data Deduplication Support Tape? .............................. 27 What Do Data Deduplication Solutions Cost? ...................... 28
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iv
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Publishers Acknowledgments
Were proud of this book and of the people who worked on it. For details on how to create a custom For Dummies book for your business or organization, contact info@ dummies.biz. For details on licensing the For Dummies brand for products or services, contact BrandedRights&[email protected]. Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following: Acquisitions, Editorial, and Media Development Project Editor: Linda Morris Editorial Managers: Jodi Jensen, Rev Mengle Acquisitions Editor: Kyle Looper Business Development Representative: Karen Hattan Custom Publishing Project Specialist: Michael Sullivan Composition Services Project Coordinator: Kristie Rees Layout and Graphics: Lavonne Roberts, Laura Westhuis Proofreaders: Jessica Kramer, Lindsay Littrell
Publishing and Editorial for Technology Dummies Richard Swadley, Vice President and Executive Group Publisher Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher Mary Bednarek, Executive Director, Acquisitions Mary C. Corder, Editorial Director Publishing and Editorial for Consumer Dummies Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher, Consumer Dummies Ensley Eikenburg, Associate Publisher, Travel Composition Services Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services Business Development Lisa Coleman, Director, New Market and Brand Development
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Introduction
ight now, duplicate data is stealing time and money from your organization. It could be a presentation sitting in hundreds of users network folders or a group e-mail sitting in thousands of inboxes. This redundant data makes both storage and your backup process more costly, more time-consuming, and less efficient. Data deduplication, used on Quantums DXi-Series disk backup and replication appliances, dramatically reduces this redundant data and the costs associated with it. Data Deduplication For Dummies, Quantum 2nd Special Edition, discusses the methods and rationale for reducing the amount of duplicate data maintained by your organization. This book is intended to provide you with the information you need to understand how data deduplication can make a meaningful impact on your organizations data management.
These materials are the copyright of Wiley Publishing, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited.
These materials are the copyright of Wiley Publishing, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited.
Chapter 1
aybe youve heard the clich Information is the lifeblood of an organization. But many clichs have truth behind them, and this is one such case. The organization that best manages its information is likely the most competitive. Of course, the data that makes up an organizations information must also be well-managed and protected. As the amount and types of data an organization must manage increase exponentially, this task becomes harder and harder. Complicating matters is the simple fact that so much data is redundant. To operate most effectively, every organization needs to reduce its duplicate data, increase the efficiency of its storage and backup systems, and reduce the overall cost of storage. Data deduplication is a powerful technology for doing just that.
These materials are the copyright of Wiley Publishing, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited.
These materials are the copyright of Wiley Publishing, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited.
These materials are the copyright of Wiley Publishing, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited.
These materials are the copyright of Wiley Publishing, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited.
Chapter 2
ata deduplication is really a simple concept with very smart technology behind it: You only store a block once. If it shows up again, you store a pointer to the first one that takes up less space than storing the whole thing again. When data deduplication is put into systems that you can actually use, however, there are several options for implementation. And before you pick an approach to use or a model to plug in, you need to look at your particular data needs to see whether data deduplication can help you. Factors to consider include the type of data, how much it changes, and what you want to do with it. So lets look at how data deduplication works.
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When data deduplication software sees a duplicate block, it inserts a pointer to the original block in the datasets metadata (the information that describes the dataset) rather than storing the block again. If the same block shows up more than once, multiple pointers to it are created. Its a slam dunk pointers are smaller than blocks, so you need less disk space. Data deduplication technology clearly works best when it sees sets of data with lots of repeated segments. For most people, thats a perfect description of backup. Whether you back up everything every day (and lots of us do this) or once a week with incremental backups in between, backup jobs by their nature send the same pieces of data to a storage system over and over again. Until data deduplication, there wasnt a good alternative to storing all the duplicates. Now there is.
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So instead of fixed blocks, Quantums deduplication technology divides the data stream into variable-length data segments using a system that can find the same block boundaries in different locations and contexts. This block-creation process lets the boundaries float within the data stream so that changes in one part of the dataset have little or no impact on the blocks in other parts of the dataset. Duplicate data segments can then be found globally at different locations inside a file, inside different files, inside files created by different applications, and inside files created at different times. Figure 2-1 shows fixed-block data deduplication.
A B C D
The upper line shows the original blocks the lower shows the blocks after making a single change to Block A (an insertion). The shaded sequence is identical in both lines, but all of the blocks have changed and no duplication is detected there are eight unique blocks. Data deduplication utilizes variable-length blocks. In Figure 2-2, Block A changes when the new data is added (it is now E), but none of the other blocks are affected. Blocks B, C, and D are all identical to the same blocks in the first line. In all, we have only five unique blocks.
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Figure 2-3 shows the formula used to derive the data deduplication ratio, and Figure 2-4 shows the ratio for four different backup datasets with different change rates (compression also figures in, so the figure also shows different compression effects). These charts assume full backups, but deduplication also works when incremental backups are included. As it turns out, though, the total amount of data stored in the deduplication appliance may well be the same for either method because the storage pool only stores new blocks under either system. The deduplication ratio differs, though, because the amount of data sent to the system is much greater in a daily full model. So the storage advantage is greater for full backups even if the amount of data stored is the same.
Data deduplication ratio = Total data before reduction Total data after reduction
It makes sense that data deduplication has the most powerful effect when it is used for backup data sets with low or modest change rates, but even for data sets with high rates of change, the advantage can be significant. To help you select the right deduplication appliance, Quantum uses a sizing calculator that models the growth of backup datasets based on the amount of data to be protected, the backup methodology, type of data, overall compressibility, rates of growth and change, and the length of time the data is to be retained. The sizing calculator helps you understand where data deduplication has the most advantage and where more conventional disk or tape backup systems provide more appropriate functionality.
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TB Stored
3 3 2 2 1 1 0 Day 1 Day 2
Cumulative Protected TB
15
10
Day 3
Cumulative Unique TB
Day 4
D e-dup R atio
Backups for Data set 1 Compressibility = 5:1 Data change = 0% Events to reach 20:1 ratio = 4
14 25
12 20 10 15
De-Dup Ratio
10 5 -
0 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10 Day 11
De-dup Ratio
Cumulative Protected TB
Cumulative Unique TB
Backups for Data set 2 Compressibility = 2:1 Data change = 1% Events to reach 20:1 ratio = 11
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De-Dup Ratio
TB Stored
13
DXi-Series systems offer different connection personalities depending on the model and configuration, including NAS volumes (CIFS or NFS) and virtual tape libraries (VTLs). The series even supports Symantecs specific Logical Storage Unit (LSU) presentation, which is part of the OpenStorage Initiative (OST). Because all the presentations offered in the same unit access a common blockpool, redundant blocks are eliminated across all the datasets written to the appliance global deduplication. This means that a DXi-Series appliance recognizes and deduplicates the same data segments on a print and file server coming in through one backup job and on an e-mail server backed up on a different server. Figure 2-5 demonstrates a sharing pool utilizing DXi-Series appliances.
Source 1
Source 2
Source 3
DXi-Series Appliance Storage Pool Sharing storage pool in DXi-Series appliances All the datasets written to the DXi appliance share a common, deduplicated storage pool irrespective of what presentation, interface, or application is used during ingest. One DXi-Series appliance can support multiple backup applications at the same time. Figure 2-5: Sharing a global deduplication storage pool.
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Chapter 3
s with all IT investments, data deduplication must make business sense to merit adoption. At one level, the value is pretty easy to establish. Adding disk to your backup strategy can provide faster backup and restore performance, as well as give you RAID levels of fault tolerance. But with conventional storage technology, the amount of disk people need for backup just costs too much. Data deduplication solves that problem for many users by letting them reduce the amount of disk they need to hold their backup data by 90 percent or more, which translates into immediate savings. Conventional disk backup has a second limitation that some users think is even more important disaster recovery (DR) protection. Can data deduplication help there? Absolutely! The key is using the technology to power remote replication, and the outcome provides another compelling set of business advantages.
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17
What about tape? Do you still need it? Disk-based deduplication and replication can reduce the amount of tape you use, but most IT departments combine the technologies, using tape for longer-term retention. This approach makes sense for most users. If you want to keep data for six months or three years or seven years, tape provides the right economics and portability, and the new encryption capabilities that tape drives offer now make securing the data that goes off site on tape easy. The best solution providers will help you get the right balance, and at least one of them Quantum lets you manage the disk and tape systems from a single management console, and it supports all your backup systems with the same service team. The asynchronous replication method employed by Quantum in its DXi-Series disk backup and replication solutions can give users extra bandwidth leverage. Before any blocks are replicated to a target, the source system sends a list of blocks it wants to replicate. The target checks this list of candidate blocks against the blocks it already has, and then it tells the source what it needs to send. So if the same blocks exist in two different offices, they have to be replicated to the target only one time. Figure 3-1 shows how the deduplication process works on replication over a WAN.
Step 1: Source sends a list of elements to replicate to the target. Target returns list of blocks not already A,B,C,D? stored there.
C e
A B C D
WAN Source
C
A B
Target
Step 2: Only the missing data blocks are replicated and moved over the WAN.
Because many organizations use public data exchanges to supply WAN services between distributed sites, and because data transmitted between sites can take multiple paths from source to target, deduplication appliances should offer encryption capabilities to ensure the security of data transmissions.
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period reducing overall costs by about one-third. Where were the savings? In reduced media usage, lower power and cooling, and savings on license and service costs. The key was data deduplication and combining it with traditional tape in an optimal way. If the supplier tried the same approach using conventional disk technology, it would have increased costs both because of higher acquisition expenses and much higher requirements for space, power, and cooling. (See Figure 3-2.)
versus
The key to finding the best answer is looking clearly at all the alternatives and finding the best way to combine them. A supplier like Quantum that can provide and support all the different options is likely to give users a wider range of solutions than a company that offers only one kind of technology, and such suppliers have teams of people that can help IT departments look at the alternatives in an objective way. Work with Quantum and the companys sizing calculator to help identify the right combination of technologies for the optimal backup solution both in the short term and the long term. See Chapter 2 for more on the sizing calculator.
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Quantum deduplication products cover a broad range of sizes, from compact units for small businesses and remote offices, to midrange appliances, to enterprise systems that can hold 4 petabytes of backup data. All systems include deduplication and replication functionality in their base price, and the larger systems include software for creating tapes directly. The DXi-Series works with all leading backup software, including Symantecs OpenStorage API, to provide end-to-end support that spans multiple sites and integrates with tape backup systems to make integrating deduplication technology into existing backup architecture easy for users. DXi-Series appliances are part of a comprehensive set of backup solutions from Quantum, the leading global specialist in backup, recovery, and archive. Whether the solution is disk with deduplication and replication, conventional disk, tape, or a combination of technologies, Quantum offers advanced technology, proven products, centralized management, and expert professional services offerings for all your backup and archive systems. The results that Quantum DXi customers report show the kind of direct business benefits that adding deduplication technology can have on IT departments. In a recent survey, IT departments that added DXi to their backup systems reported that: Average backup performance more than doubledup 125 percent -- while time for restores was reduced to a few minutes for most files. Failed backup jobs were reduced by 87 percent. Even though users still deployed tape for long-term retention and regulatory compliance, removable media purchase costs were reduced by an average 48 percent and media retrieval costs were reduced by 97 percent. Overall, the amount of time people spent managing their backup and restore processes was reduced by an average 63 percent. For environments that deployed deduplication-based replication for DR, overall savings were higher. Dollar savings varied, but it was common for IT departments to reduce costs enough that they could pay for their deployments in roughly a year.
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Chapter 4
n this chapter, we answer the ten questions most often asked about data deduplication.
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Is There Any Way to Tell How Much Improvement Data Deduplication Will Give Me?
Four primary variables affect how much improvement you will realize from data deduplication:
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So users deploying server-based deduplication report slower backup, limited scalability, and requirements to upgrade their disk storage and buy more, heavier-duty servers. If you use a target deduplication appliance, you send all the data to the device and deduplicate it there. You have to buy an appliance, but in most cases, the appliance is designed just for deduplication. This means the backup and restore performance stays high and deduplication doesnt slow down other backups or require that you beef up your backup servers.
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Appendix
replication solutions
Identifying the features and benefits of the DXi-Series
uantum Corp. is the leading global storage company specializing in backup, recovery, and archive. Combining focused expertise, customer-driven innovation, and platform independence, Quantum provides a comprehensive range of disk, tape, and software solutions supported by a world-class sales and service organization. As a long-standing and trusted partner, the company works closely with a broad network of resellers, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and other suppliers to meet customers evolving data protection needs. Quantums DXi-Series disk backup solutions leverage patented data deduplication technology to reduce the disk needed for backup by 90 percent or more and make remote replicate data between sites over existing wide area networks (WANs) a practical and cost-effective DR technique. Figure A-1 shows how DXi-Series replication uses existing WANs for DR protection, linking backup data across sites and reducing or eliminating media handling.
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Remote office A
DXi4500
Remote office B
DXi4500
Remote office C
DXi6500
The DXi Series spans the widest range of backup capacity points in the industry. Some of the features and benefits of Quantums DXi Series include: Patented data deduplication technology that reduces disk requirements by 90 percent or more A broad solution set of turnkey appliances for small and medium business, distributed and midrange sites, and scalable systems for the enterprise High backup performance that provides enterprise-scale protection, even for tight backup windows Software licenses that are included in the base price to maximize value and steamline deployment Quantums data deduplication also dramatically reduces the bandwidth needed to replicate backup data between sites for automated disaster recovery protection.
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All models share a common software layer, including deduplication and remote replication, allowing IT departments to connect all their sites in a comprehensive data protection strategy that boosts backup performance, reduces or eliminates media handling, and centralizes disaster recovery operations. Support includes Symantec OpenStorage API (OST) for both disk and tape on DXi4500, DXi6500 and DXi8500 models. The following sections offer more details about the individual DXi systems.
DXi4500
The DXi4500 disk appliances with deduplication make it easy and affordable to increase backup performance, improve restores, and reduce data protection costs. Quantums deduplication technology provides disk performance for your backups, while it reduces typical capacity needs. Backups can be economically retained on disk for instant restores, simplified management, and reduced use of removable media. DXi4500 units are designed for rapid, seamless integration and maximum client performance without changes to existing backup architectures or potentially disruptive media server upgrades, unlike software-based deduplication. Support for remote replication, Symantec OpenStorage (OST) interface, and virtual environments are standard features.
DXi6500 Family
The DXi6500 is a family of pre-configured disk backup appliances that provides simple and affordable solutions for user backup problems. They provide disk-to-disk backup and restore performance with all leading backup applications using a simple NAS interface, and they leverage deduplication technology to reduce typical capacity requirements. For DR protection, the DXi6500 models replicate encrypted backup data between sites using global deduplication to reduce typical network bandwidth needs by a factor of 20 or more.
DXi6700
The DXi6700 is a high-performance disk backup appliance for Fibre Channel environments that provides a simple and
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DXi8500
The DXi8500 is a high-performance deduplication solution with the power and flexibility to anchor an enterprise-wide backup, disaster recovery, and data protection strategy. The DXi8500 offers industry-leading performance and advanced deduplication technology that reduces typical disk and bandwidth requirements by 90 percent or more. The DXi8500 presents a wide range of interface choices. Featuring an automated, direct path to tape for both VTL and OST presentations, the DXi8500 integrates short-term protection and long-term retention requirements.
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Notes
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Notes
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ain English Explanations in pl formation Get in, get out in vigational aids Icons and other na Top ten lists A dash of humor and fun
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