Amal International School

152, Dharmarama Road, off Havelock Road, Colombo-6.

Grade 10 Holiday Assignment

Admission No: ………………………….………..……………………………...... ICT

2010
GRADE 10- CHAPTER 3
- DATA REPRESENTATION METHODS IN THE COMPUTER SYSTEM

A numbering system is a way of representing numbers. The most commonly used numbering system in real
life is Decimal number system.
Each number system is uniquely identified by its base value or radix. Radix or base is the count of number
of digits in each number system.

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 Conversion of Decimal number to Binary

Example 4610 to binary 12710 to binary

Conversion of Decimal numbers to Octal

Example 46 10 to octal 15510 to octal

Conversion of Decimal numbers to Hexadecimal

Example1 Example2

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 15510 Hexadecimal 25610 to Hexadecimal 47810 to Hexadecimal

Conversion of Binary to Decimal numbers

Example 1101112 to decimal 10112 to decimal

Conversion of Octal to Decimal numbers

Example 2308 to decimal 7458 to decimal

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 Conversion of Hexadecimal to Decimal numbers
Example1 Example2

1A16 to decimal 7EF16 to decimal A4916 to decimal

Conversion of Binary to Octal

Example 1101110011002 to Octal

Step 1: First, divide the number into three bits from the right to the left.
Step 2: If the last cluster in the left corner does not consist of 3 bits, add
0s to complete.
Step 3: Write each octal number separately for each cluster.

1111101100102 to Octal

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 Conversion of Binary to Hexadecimal
Example 110110102 to hexadecimal

Step 1: First, divide the number into four bits from the right to the left.
Step 2: If the last cluster in the left corner does not consist of 4 bits,
add 0s to complete.
Step 3: Write each hexadecimal number separately for each cluster.
Step 4: Then write these clusters in hexadecimal digits.
111010110001110102 to
hexadecimal

Conversion of Octal to Binary

Example 108 to binary 2458 to binary

Step 1: Write each digit in octal number in three bits
Step 2: Write down all the bits together to get the
binary number for the octal number.

Conversion of Hexadecimal to Binary

Example 75216 to binary B2C16 to binary

Step 1:Write each digit in hexadecimal in four bits
Step 2: Write down all the bits together to get the
binary number for the hexadecimal number.

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 Conversion of Octal to Hexadecimal

Example 3208 to hexadecimal 4758 to hexadecimal

Step1: write each digit in octal number in 3 bits.
Step 2: Divide the binary number you get into four-bit
clusters from the right corner to the left corner.
Step 3: Write the related hexadecimal number for each
cluster.

Conversion of Hexadecimal to Octal

Example E916 to Octal 2B16 to Octal

First, the hexadecimal number should be

converted to a binary number and
then it should be converted to an octal
number.

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 Most Significant Bit (MSB) and Least Significant Bit (LSB)

The left most bit in the binary number is called as the Most Significant Bit (MSB) and it has the largest
positional weight. The right most bit is the Least Significant Bit (LSB) and has the smallest positional
weight.

Most Significant Bit (MSB) - Value in the left extreme (Cannot be zero) Least Significant Bit (LSB) – The
value in the right extreme (can be zero)

Conversion of data storage size

Computer handles data in the form of ‘0’(Zero) and ‘1’ (One). Any kind of data like number, alphabet,
special character should be converted to ‘0’ or ‘1’ which can be understood by the Computer. ‘0’ and ‘1’
that the Computer can understand is called Machine language. ‘0’ or ‘1’ are called ‘Binary Digits’(BIT).

1 Nibble= 4 bits

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 X 1024 X 1024 X 1024 X 1024 X 1024 X8

PB TB GB MB KB Byte bit

÷1024 ÷1024 ÷1024 ÷1024 ÷1024 ÷8

Note: 1024 = 210 and 1024 can be also represented as 103

Convert 3GB to bytes Convert 5MB to bits Convert 10KB to GB

=3 X 1024 X 1024 X 1024 bytes
= 3X 210 X 210 X 210 Bytes
= 3X 210+10+10 Bytes
= 3X 230Bytes

OR
=3 X 1024 X 1024 X 1024 bytes
= 3X 103 X 103 X 103 Bytes
= 3X 103+3+3 Bytes
= 3X 109Bytes

Coding System No of Number of Used

bits characters represent
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) 4 8 characters (24) Was used in the early stages of
computing
American Standard for 7 128 characters. (27) Represent text
Information Interchange(ASCII)
Extended Binary Coded Decimal 8 256 Characters. (28) In IBM Main frame computers
Interchange Code (EBCDIC)
Unicode 16 65536 characters (216) Unicode system can be used to
represent Sinhala and Tamil,
Chinese letters and special symbols
and picture symbols.

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 BCD (Binary Coded Decimal Coding System)
Example BCD code for 30210
Write each character(number) in 4 bits binary
value. 30210= 0011 0000 0010BCD

BCD code for 213610

213610= 0010 0001 0011 0110BCD

American Standard for Information Interchange (ASCII)

A is represented by 65 and a is represented by 97

65 in binary – 10000012 97 in binary – 11000012
Example
ASCII code of “Cat” in binary numbers ASCII code of “PUT” in binary numbers
C= 67 a=97 t= 116 Q is represented as 10100012.
2 67 2 97 2 116
2 33 1 2 48 1 2 58 0
2 16 1 2 24 0 2 29 0
2 8 0 2 12 0 2 14 1
2 4 0 2 6 0 2 7 0
2 2 0 2 3 0 2 3 1
2 1 0 2 1 1 2 1 1

10000112 11000012 11101002

ASCII code of “Cat” in binary numbers
1000011 1100001 11101002

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