TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE ITY

GOLD MINE, REPUBLIC OF CÔTE

D'IVOIRE
Centred on Latitude 6°52’23.5’’N and Longitude 8°6’38.5”W

Effective date: 31 December 2019

Prepared by:
Endeavour Mining Corporation
27 Hospital Road, George Town,
Grand Cayman, KY-9008,
Cayman Islands

Qualified Persons Company

Salih Ramazan, FAusIMM Endeavour Mining Corporation
Gérard de Hert (EurGeol) Endeavour Mining Corporation
Kevin Harris, (CPG) Endeavour Mining Corporation
Mark Zammit (MAIG) Cube Consulting Pty Ltd
Filed Date: 15, June 2020
Endeavour Mining Corporation IGM Technical Report, 2020 – Copyright

COPYRIGHT
This document, as a collective work of content and the coordination, arrangement and any
enhancement of said content, is protected by copyright vested in the Endeavour Mining Corporation
(“Endeavour”). Outside the purposes legislated under provincial securities laws this document shall
not be reproduced in full or in any edited, abridged or otherwise amended form unless expressly
agreed in writing by Endeavour.

© Copyright 2020 Endeavour Mining Corporations

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Table of Contents: Main Section

1 SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Geology, Exploration, Drilling and Sampling ...................................................................... 2
1.3 Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves ............................................................................... 5
1.4 Mining and Processing ....................................................................................................... 8
1.5 Mine Infrastructure .............................................................................................................. 9
1.6 Environmental ..................................................................................................................... 9
1.7 Life of Mine Plan ............................................................................................................... 10
1.8 Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 10
2 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 11
2.1 Terms of Reference .......................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Endeavour Mining Corporation ......................................................................................... 14
2.3 Ity Gold Mine: historical operating statistics, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves and
LoMp ................................................................................................................................. 15
3 RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS ................................................................... 18
4 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION ................................................. 19
4.1 Property Description ......................................................................................................... 19
4.2 Permits and Agreements .................................................................................................. 19
5 ACCESSABILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND
PHYSIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................. 22
5.1 Location and Access ........................................................................................................ 22
5.2 Local Resources and Infrastructure ................................................................................. 22
5.3 Physiography and Climate ................................................................................................ 22
6 HISTORY ........................................................................................................... 24
7 GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND MINERALISATION .......................................... 27
7.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 27
7.2 Regional Geology ............................................................................................................. 27
7.3 Local Geology ................................................................................................................... 28
7.4 Mineralisation.................................................................................................................... 33
7.5 Deposit Geology ............................................................................................................... 35
7.5.1 Mont Ity/ Ity Flat/ Walter ....................................................................................... 36
7.5.2 Zia NE .................................................................................................................. 38
7.5.3 Bakatouo .............................................................................................................. 38
7.5.4 Daapleu................................................................................................................ 39
7.5.5 Gbéitouo .............................................................................................................. 41
7.5.6 Colline Sud........................................................................................................... 41
7.5.7 Le Plaque ............................................................................................................. 42
7.6 Risks and Opportunities ................................................................................................... 45

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7.7 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations......................................................... 45

8 DEPOSIT TYPES .............................................................................................. 46
9 EXPLORATION ................................................................................................. 47
9.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 47
9.2 Regional Exploration ........................................................................................................ 47
9.2.1 Ground Geophysical Surveys .............................................................................. 47
9.2.2 Airborne Geophysical Surveys ............................................................................ 48
9.2.3 Soil Geochemistry Sampling................................................................................ 49
9.2.4 Regolith Mapping ................................................................................................. 50
9.2.5 Trenches, Channel Sampling and Auger Drilling................................................. 51
9.3 Exploration Campaigns .................................................................................................... 52
9.3.1 Le Plaque ............................................................................................................. 52
9.4 Exploration Areas of Interest ............................................................................................ 53
9.5 Risks and Opportunities ................................................................................................... 54
9.6 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations......................................................... 54
10 DRILLING .......................................................................................................... 55
10.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 55
10.2 Drilling Summary .............................................................................................................. 55
10.2.1 Mont Ity to Walter ................................................................................................. 56
10.2.2 Zia NE .................................................................................................................. 58
10.2.3 Bakatouo .............................................................................................................. 58
10.2.4 Daapleu................................................................................................................ 58
10.2.5 Gbéitouo .............................................................................................................. 59
10.2.6 Colline Sud........................................................................................................... 59
10.2.7 Le Plaque ............................................................................................................. 59
10.2.8 Aires and Verse Ouest & Teckraie ...................................................................... 60
10.3 Drilling Methods ................................................................................................................ 61
10.4 Core Recovery .................................................................................................................. 63
10.5 Drill hole Surveying ........................................................................................................... 64
10.5.1 Collar Surveys ..................................................................................................... 64
10.5.2 Downhole Surveys ............................................................................................... 64
10.6 Risks and Opportunities ................................................................................................... 64
10.7 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations......................................................... 65
11 SAMPLE PREPERATION AND SECURITY ..................................................... 66
11.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 66
11.2 Sampling Methods ............................................................................................................ 66
11.2.1 RC and Air Core Sampling .................................................................................. 66
11.2.2 Diamond Drilling Sampling .................................................................................. 66
11.3 Sample Submission .......................................................................................................... 67

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11.4 Sample Preparation .......................................................................................................... 67

11.5 Assay Analysis.................................................................................................................. 67
11.6 Quality Assurance and Quality Control ............................................................................ 68
11.6.1 Certified Reference Materials .............................................................................. 70
11.6.2 Blanks .................................................................................................................. 78
11.6.3 Duplicate Samples ............................................................................................... 82
11.6.4 Treatment of QAQC Failures ............................................................................... 91
11.6.5 QA/QC Summary and Recommendations ........................................................... 92
11.7 Density Analysis ............................................................................................................... 96
11.8 Chain of Custody and Sample Security ............................................................................ 96
11.9 Risks and Opportunities ................................................................................................... 97
11.10 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations......................................................... 97
12 DATA VERIFICATION....................................................................................... 98
12.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 98
12.2 Historical Data Verification and Validation ....................................................................... 98
12.3 Database Checks and Independent Verification .............................................................. 99
12.4 Twinned Hole Comparison ............................................................................................. 102
12.5 Paired Statistics – RDV versus GC ................................................................................ 106
12.6 Risks and Opportunities ................................................................................................. 107
12.7 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations....................................................... 107
13 MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING ....................... 108
13.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 108
13.2 Metallurgical Summary ................................................................................................... 108
13.3 Metallurgical Sampling ................................................................................................... 110
13.4 Metallurgical Testing ....................................................................................................... 110
13.4.1 Head Analysis .................................................................................................... 110
13.4.2 Comminution Testwork ...................................................................................... 112
13.4.3 Variability and Optimisation Testwork ............................................................... 113
13.4.4 Oxygen Uptake Rate Tests................................................................................ 119
13.5 Diagnostic Testwork Programme ................................................................................... 122
13.5.1 Feasibility Study ................................................................................................. 122
13.5.2 Feasibility Study Sample Selection ................................................................... 122
13.5.3 Feasibility Study Diagnostic Testwork Results .................................................. 123
13.5.4 Bakatouo Diagnostic Testwork .......................................................................... 124
13.5.5 Le Plaque Diagnostic Testwork ......................................................................... 125
13.5.6 Grinding Sensitivity Testwork Feasibility Study ................................................. 126
13.5.7 Rheology Tests .................................................................................................. 128
13.5.8 Carbon Adsorption Tests ................................................................................... 129
13.5.9 Cyanide Detoxification Tests ............................................................................. 131

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13.5.10 Arsenic Precipitation Tests ................................................................................ 132

13.5.11 Preg-Robbing Test ............................................................................................. 133
13.6 Daapleu Refractory Optimisation Testwork .................................................................... 133
13.7 Design Criteria Development.......................................................................................... 135
13.7.1 Selected Treatment Route ................................................................................. 135
13.7.2 Key Process Design Parameters ....................................................................... 135
13.7.3 Metallurgical Recoveries .................................................................................... 136
13.7.4 Overall Metallurgical Recovery .......................................................................... 137
13.7.5 Reagent Consumption ....................................................................................... 137
13.8 Tailings Sample Preparation .......................................................................................... 138
13.9 Refractory Testwork Programme.................................................................................... 138
13.10 Risks and Opportunities ................................................................................................. 142
14 MINERAL RESOURCES ................................................................................. 144
14.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 144
14.2 Available Data and Database Integrity ........................................................................... 144
14.3 Geology and Mineralisation Models ............................................................................... 145
14.3.1 Lithological Domains .......................................................................................... 145
14.3.2 Weathering Domains ......................................................................................... 151
14.3.3 Estimation Domains ........................................................................................... 152
14.4 Compositing .................................................................................................................... 163
14.5 Exploratory Data Analysis and Grade Thresholds ......................................................... 179
14.6 Bulk Density .................................................................................................................... 187
14.7 Geostatistical Analysis .................................................................................................... 188
14.8 Block Modelling and Grade Estimation .......................................................................... 198
14.8.1 Block Model Definition ....................................................................................... 198
14.8.2 Grade Estimation Parameters ........................................................................... 199
14.8.3 QKNA ................................................................................................................. 205
14.9 Mining Depletion ............................................................................................................. 206
14.10 Model Validation ............................................................................................................. 207
14.11 Mineral Resource Classification ..................................................................................... 231
14.12 Ity Stockpiles ................................................................................................................... 239
14.13 Grade Control and Reconciliation................................................................................... 241
14.14 Assessment of Reasonable Prospects for Eventual Economic Extraction (“RPEEE”) .. 248
14.15 Historical Mineral Resource Estimates ........................................................................... 249
14.16 Mineral Resource Statement (31 December 2019) ........................................................ 249
15 MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATE ................................................................... 252
15.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 252
15.2 Key Assumptions / Basis of Estimates ........................................................................... 253
15.3 Pit Optimisations ............................................................................................................. 259

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15.4 Mine Design .................................................................................................................... 261

15.5 Mining Geotechnical Considerations .............................................................................. 270
15.6 Mining Quantities and Mineral Reserve Estimate .......................................................... 273
15.7 Mineral Reserve Statement (31 December 2019) .......................................................... 275
15.8 Mineral Reserve Economic Viability Assessment .......................................................... 276
16 MINING METHODS ......................................................................................... 278
16.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 278
16.2 Mining Equipment ........................................................................................................... 278
16.3 Blasting ........................................................................................................................... 278
16.4 Hydrology and Dewatering ............................................................................................. 279
16.5 Environmental Monitoring and Dust Suppression .......................................................... 280
16.6 Production Schedule ...................................................................................................... 280
16.7 Fleet Size and Personnel Numbers ................................................................................ 285
16.8 Risks and Opportunities ................................................................................................. 286
17 RECOVERY METHODS .................................................................................. 288
17.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 288
17.2 Process Selection ........................................................................................................... 288
17.3 Process and Plant Description ....................................................................................... 290
17.4 Electrical Supply ............................................................................................................. 299
17.5 Control Philosophy ......................................................................................................... 300
17.6 Metallurgical Accounting ................................................................................................. 301
17.7 Metallurgical LoMp and Associated Assumptions .......................................................... 301
17.8 Risks and Opportunities ................................................................................................. 302
17.9 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations....................................................... 304
18 PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................... 306
18.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 306
18.2 Roads ............................................................................................................................. 306
18.3 Airstrip ............................................................................................................................. 307
18.4 Water Supply .................................................................................................................. 308
18.5 Tailings Storage Facility ................................................................................................. 309
18.6 Surface Water Management........................................................................................... 312
18.7 Power Supply and Distribution ....................................................................................... 313
18.8 Other Ancillary Infrastructure .......................................................................................... 315
18.9 Accommodation .............................................................................................................. 315
18.10 Site Buildings .................................................................................................................. 316
18.11 Heap Leach Processing Facility and Associated Infrastructure ..................................... 318
18.12 Risks and Opportunities ................................................................................................. 318
18.13 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations....................................................... 318
19 MARKET STUDIES AND CONTRACTS ......................................................... 319

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19.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 319

19.2 Summary Commodity Price and Macroeconomic Assumptions .................................... 319
19.3 Gold Market .................................................................................................................... 319
19.4 Silver Market ................................................................................................................... 322
19.5 Macro Economics ........................................................................................................... 323
19.6 Material Contracts........................................................................................................... 328
19.7 Risks and Opportunities ................................................................................................. 329
19.8 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations....................................................... 329
20 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, PERMITTING AND SOCIAL OR COMMUNITY
IMPACT ........................................................................................................... 331
20.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 331
20.2 Environmental and Social Setting................................................................................... 331
20.3 Legislation and Permitting .............................................................................................. 334
20.3.1 Mining Legislation .............................................................................................. 334
20.3.2 Mining Permits and Agreements ....................................................................... 336
20.3.3 Environmental Legislation.................................................................................. 337
20.3.4 Environmental and Social Approvals and Agreements ..................................... 338
20.4 Governance .................................................................................................................... 339
20.5 Environmental and Social Issues ................................................................................... 343
20.6 Closure Plan and Costs .................................................................................................. 345
20.7 Risks and Opportunities ................................................................................................. 347
20.8 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations....................................................... 348
21 CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS ............................................................. 349
21.1 Capital Expenditure ........................................................................................................ 349
21.1.1 Mining (Fleet Replacement)............................................................................... 349
21.1.2 Le Plaque Infrastructure .................................................................................... 351
21.1.3 Tailings Storage Facility (TSF) Capital Costs .................................................... 354
21.1.4 River Diversion Capital Costs ............................................................................ 356
21.1.5 Ongoing Process Plant related CAPEX............................................................. 358
21.2 Operating Expenditure .................................................................................................... 358
22 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS .................................................................................. 360
23 ADJACENT PROPERTIES ............................................................................. 361
24 OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION .......................................... 362
25 INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS ..................................................... 363
25.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 363
25.2 Geological Setting and Mineralisation ............................................................................ 363
25.3 Mineral Resources .......................................................................................................... 363
25.4 Mineral Reserves ............................................................................................................ 363
25.5 Mineral Processing, Metallurgical Testing and Recovery Methods ................................ 363

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25.6 Infrastructure................................................................................................................... 364

25.7 Environmental Studies, Permitting and Social or Community Impact ............................ 364
25.8 Capital and Operating Expenditure ................................................................................ 364
25.9 Mineral Reserve Economic Viability Analysis ................................................................. 365
26 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................... 366
26.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 366
26.2 Geological Setting and Mineralisation ............................................................................ 366
26.3 Exploration ...................................................................................................................... 366
26.4 Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing ................................................................ 366
26.5 Mineral Resources .......................................................................................................... 367
26.6 Mineral Reserves ............................................................................................................ 368
26.7 Mining Methods .............................................................................................................. 368
26.8 Recovery Methods .......................................................................................................... 368
26.9 Market Studies and Contracts ........................................................................................ 368
26.10 Environmental Studies, Permitting and Social or Community Impact ............................ 368
26.11 Capital and Operating Expenditure ................................................................................ 368
26.12 Economic Analysis.......................................................................................................... 369
26.13 Strategic Initiatives.......................................................................................................... 369
27 REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 371

List of Tables: Main Section

Table 1-1: Ity Gold Mine Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019) 6
Table 1-2: Ity Gold Mine Mineral Reserve (sub-divided by deposit) as at 31 December 2019 7
Table 1-3: Ity Gold Mine Mineral Reserve (subdivided by weathering type) as at 31 December
2019 7
Table 2-1: Technical Report and Form 43-101F1 cross reference 12
Table 2-2: Ity Gold Mine: historical operating statistics post commissioning of the CIL 15
Table 2-3: Ity Gold Mine: historical unit operating expenditures post commissioning of the CIL 16
Table 5-1: Ity Rainfall Records Average for 1990-2014, then annually thereafter 23
Table 6-1: Ity Gold Project Mineral Resources as at 31 December 2018 25
Table 6-2: Ity Gold Project Mineral Reserves as at 31 December 2018 26
Table 10-1: Drilling Summary (2012 to 2019) 55
Table 10-2: Summary of core recovery for diamond core drilling between October 2016 and
December 2019 63
Table 10-3: Summary of available core recovery data for diamond core drilling between June 2012
and October 2016 64
Table 11-1: Summary of available core recovery data for diamond core drilling between June 2012
and October 2016 68
Table 11-2: Summary of CRM (standard), Blank and Duplicate insertion rates, split by year and
laboratory at each deposit(1) 69
Table 11-3: Summary of CRM performance for Au fire assay analyses at the Bureau Veritas
laboratory (Abidjan) between October 2013 and May 2016 (Source: Ity CIL Project NI
43-101, 2016) 71
Table 11-4: Summary of Au CRM performance – SGS Ity Laboratory - Grade Control (Source:
Endeavour) 72
Table 11-5: Summary of Au CRM performance – SGS Agbaou Laboratory - Grade Control (Source:
Endeavour) 72

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Table 11-6: Summary of Au CRM performance – SGS Ouagadougou Laboratory - Grade Control
(Source: Endeavour) 73
Table 11-7: Summary of Au CRM performance – Resource Development Samples (Source:
Endeavour) 74
Table 11-8: Summary of the Certified Reference Materials used during the 2017, 2018 and 2019
drill programmes (Source: Endeavour) 74
Table 11-9: CRM insertion summary by deposit area for the late-2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 drill
programmes – Fire Assay (“FA”) (Source: Endeavour) 74
Table 11-10: CRM performance statistics for Colline Sud drilling (fire assay) (Source: Endeavour)
77
Table 11-11: CRM performance statistics for Daapleu drilling (fire assay) (Source: Endeavour) 77
Table 11-12: CRM performance statistics for Floleu drilling (fire assay) (Source: Endeavour) 77
Table 11-13: CRM performance statistics for Floleu drilling (LeachWELL) (Source: Endeavour) 78
Table 11-14: CRM performance statistics for Floleu drilling (LeachWELL tails fire assay) (Source:
Endeavour) 78
Table 11-15: CRM performance statistics for Verse Ouest drilling (fire assay) (LeachWELL tails fire
assay) (Source: Endeavour) 78
Table 11-16: CRM performance statistics for Zia/Zia NE drilling (fire assay) (Source: Endeavour) 78
Table 11-17: Performance of blank samples between 2012 and 2016 (Source: Endeavour) 79
Table 11-18: Summary statistics of blank sample performance, split by deposit for the 2017-2019
drilling programmes (Source: Endeavour) 79
Table 11-19: Summary Statistics of blank samples sent for LW / TFA analysis during the 2017-2019
drilling programmes at Floleu (Source: Endeavour) 81
Table 11-20: Summary of duplicate performance for samples collected between 2012 and 2016
(Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-101, 2016) 83
Table 11-21: Summary of duplicate performance for samples collected between 2012 and 2016
(Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-101, 2016) 84
Table 11-22: Duplicate Performance – Resource Development (Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-101,
2016) 85
Table 11-23: Summary of field duplicate statistics for the late-2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling
programmes at Colline Sud, Daapleu, Verse Ouest and Zia/Zia NE (fire assay) 90
Table 11-24: Summary of coarse crush duplicate statistics for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling
programmes at Colline Sud, Daapleu, Verse Ouest and Zia/Zia NE (fire assay) 90
Table 11-25: Summary of pulp duplicate statistics for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling programmes
at Colline Sud, Daapleu, Verse Ouest and Zia/Zia NE (fire assay) 91
Table 11-26: Summary of field duplicate statistics for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling programmes
at Floleu 91
Table 11-27: Summary of coarse crush duplicate statistics for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling
programmes at Floleu 91
Table 11-28: Summary of pulp duplicate statistics for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling programmes
at Floleu 91
Table 11-29: Summary of pulp duplicate statistics for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling programmes
at Floleu 94
Table 11-30: Summary of QAQC results for the 2017-2019 drilling 94
Table 12-1: Summary of QAQC results for the 2017-2019 drilling 100
Table 12-2: Summary of QAQC results for the 2017-2019 drilling 100
Table 12-3: Summary of twinned drill holes at Le Plaque 104
Table 13-1: Ity - Total Gold Extraction 109
Table 13-2: Ity Deposit - Feasibility Study Head Assay Results 111
Table 13-3: Daapleu Variability Composite Head Assay Results 111
Table 13-4: Bakatouo Composites Head Analyses 111
Table 13-5: Le Plaque Composites Head Analyses 111
Table 13-6: Comminution Sample Matrix 112
Table 13-7: Feasibility Study Comminution Testwork Results Summary 112
Table 13-8: Bakatouo Composite Comminution Testwork Results Summary 113
Table 13-9: Bakatouo Composite Comminution Testwork Results Summary 113
Table 13-10: Feasibility Study Variability Leach Test Results(1) 114
Table 13-11: Feasibility Study Variability Leach Test Results (continued)(1) 115
Table 13-12: Feasibility Pulp Density Optimisation Summary 115
Table 13-13: Cyanide Optimisation Summary 116

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Table 13-14: Optimised Leach Conditions for Each Composite 116

Table 13-15: Oxygen Uptake Results Summary 119
Table 13-16: Average Bakatouo Variability Leach Test Results 121
Table 13-17: Average Bakatouo Variability Leach Test Results 122
Table 13-18: Average Bakatouo Variability Leach Test Results 122
Table 13-19: Feasibility Study Diagnostic Testwork Results 123
Table 13-20: Feasibility Study Diagnostic Testwork Results 125
Table 13-21: Feasibility Grind Optimisation Summary 126
Table 13-22: Feasibility Grind Optimisation Summary 128
Table 13-23: Feasibility Grind Optimisation Summary 130
Table 13-24: Summary of Fleming Constants 130
Table 13-25: Summary of Equilibrium Carbon Loading Tests 130
Table 13-26: Summary of Cyanide Detoxification Testwork 131
Table 13-27: Summary of Cyanide Detoxification Solution Assays 132
Table 13-28: Summary of Arsenic Precipitation Results 132
Table 13-29: Preg-Robbing Test Summary 133
Table 13-30: Whole-of Ore Leaching vs. Flotation / Regrind Leaching 134
Table 13-31: Variability Tests – Gold and Silver Extractions 136
Table 13-32: Mine Schedule and Gold and Silver Extractions 136
Table 13-33: Predicted Life of Mine Metallurgical Recoveries 136
Table 13-34: Variability Leach Tests – Average Lime and Cyanide Consumption 137
Table 13-35: CIL Lime and Cyanide Consumption 137
Table 13-36: CIL Lime and Cyanide Consumption 138
Table 13-37: Effect of Grind Size on Whole-of-Ore Cyanidation Leach Extraction 139
Table 13-38: Effect of Grind Size on Whole-of-Ore Cyanidation Leach Extraction 140
Table 13-39: Effect of Grind Size on Flotation Recovery 141
Table 13-40: Bulk Flotation Results Summary 141
Table 14-1: Summary of the most current MREs and accompanying reports used for this study144
Table 14-2: Summary of the grade control and resource development drilling contributions to the
Mineral Resource databases 144
Table 14-3: Summary of the number of Ag, Cu, CuCN, As and S assays and as a proportion of the
gold assay database, split by deposit at Ity 144
Table 14-4: Lithology models and block model assignment 145
Table 14-5: Lithological Facies and Block Model Assignment 147
Table 14-6: Lithological wireframes produced during the 2019 Le Plaque MRE 150
Table 14-7: Lithological (“facies”) block model assignments by mineralisation domain 150
Table 14-8: Oxidation domains and block model assignment 151
Table 14-9: In situ deposit weathering codes assigned to block models 151
Table 14-10: Weathering wireframes and block model assignment codes 151
Table 14-11: Weathering (“ox_state”) block model assignments by mineralisation domain 151
Table 14-12: Mont Ity to Walter gold estimation domains and block model assignment codes 154
Table 14-13: Zia NE mineralisation domains and associated block model codes 155
Table 14-14: Bakatouo mineralisation domains and associated block model codes 157
Table 14-15: Daapleu mineralisation domains and associated block model codes 157
Table 14-16: Gbéitouo mineralisation domains and associated block model codes 159
Table 14-17: Summary of the domains included in each area of the Le Plaque deposit 160
Table 14-18: Mineralisation domain solids and block model assignment codes 162
Table 14-19: Mont Ity to Walter - Number of composites for gold, copper and deleterious elements
before removal of <0.1 m composites 164
Table 14-20: Mont Ity to Walter - Basic statistics - 1m composited gold grade (g/t) by estimation
domain 165
Table 14-21: Mont Ity to Walter - Basic statistics - 1m composite copper grade (Cu ppm) by
estimation domain 167
Table 14-22: Mont Ity to Walter - Basic statistics - 1 m composite arsenic grades (As ppm) by
estimation domain 168
Table 14-23: Mont Ity to Walter - Basic statistics - 1m composite sulphur grade (S%) by estimation
domain 168
Table 14-24: Mont Ity to Walter - Regression equations on Au (g/t) used to populate uninformed Cu
(ppm), As (ppm) and S (%) 171
Table 14-25: Zia NE - Summary statistics for 2 m Au composites by domain 171

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Table 14-26: Bakatouo - Summary statistics for 2 m Au composites by domain 172

Table 14-27: Bakatouo - Summary statistics for 2 m Au composites by domain (cont.) 172
Table 14-28: Bakatouo - Summary statistics for 2 m Au composites by domain (cont.) 173
Table 14-29: Daapleu - Summary statistics for 2m Au composites by domain 173
Table 14-30: Gbéitouo - Summary statistics for 2 m Au composites by domain 174
Table 14-31: Colline Sud - Summary statistics for 1 m Au composites by domain 175
Table 14-32: Le Plaque - Summary statistics for 1 m Au composites by domain 176
Table 14-33: Verse Ouest and Teckraie - Summary statistics for 1 m Au composites by domain 177
Table 14-34: Verse Ouest and Teckraie - Summary statistics for 1 m Cu and S composites by domain
178
Table 14-35: Verse Ouest and Teckraie - Summary statistics for 1 m Ag and Cu_CN composites by
domain 178
Table 14-36: Aires - Summary statistics for 2.5 m downhole Au composites by domain 178
Table 14-37: Mont Ity to Walter - gold grade caps implemented for estimation 183
Table 14-38: Summary statistics for 2 m capped gold composites by domain at Zia NE (2017 Cube
Consulting MRE) 183
Table 14-39: Summary statistics for 2 m capped gold composites by domain at Bakatouo (2017 Cube
Consulting MRE) 183
Table 14-40: Summary statistics for 2 m capped gold composites by domain at Bakatouo cont. (2017
Cube Consulting MRE) 183
Table 14-41: Summary statistics for 2m capped gold composites by domain at Bakatouo cont. (2017
Cube Consulting MRE) 184
Table 14-42: Summary statistics for 2m capped gold composites by domain at Daapleu (2017 Cube
Consulting MRE) 184
Table 14-43: Summary statistics for 2m capped gold composites by domain at Gbéitouo (2017 Cube
Consulting MRE) 184
Table 14-44: Capped composite statistics by domain for the Colline Sud (2017) MRE 184
Table 14-45: Capped composite statistics by domain for the Le Plaque (2019) MRE 185
Table 14-46: Capped composite statistics by domain for the Aires (2019) MRE 185
Table 14-47: Gold grade caps applied to composites within each mineralisation domain at Verse
Ouest and Teckraie 186
Table 14-48: Mont Ity to Walter - Dry bulk density sample statistics, top and bottom cuts and trimmed
mean 187
Table 14-49: Mont Ity to Walter - Final density assignments in the block model 187
Table 14-50: Average density values applied (by logged lithology type and oxidation state) for the
2017 MREs at Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu and Gbéitouo 187
Table 14-51: Average density values applied (by lithology) in the 2017 Colline Sud MRE 188
Table 14-52: Average Le Plaque bulk density values by weathering domain 188
Table 14-53: Summary of stats for bulk density determinations (g/cm3) at Verse Ouest & Teckraie
188
Table 14-54: Assigned bulk density values (g/cm3), split by facies at Verse Ouest & Teckraie 188
Table 14-55: Summary statistics for bulk density measurements (g/cm3) at Aires 188
Table 14-56: Mont Ity to Walter gold variogram model parameters by domain 189
Table 14-57: Zia NE gold relative variogram model parameters by domain 191
Table 14-58: Bakatouo gold relative variogram model parameters by domain 191
Table 14-59: Daapleu gold relative variogram model parameters by domain 192
Table 14-60: Gbéitouo gold relative variogram model parameters by domain 192
Table 14-61: Colline Sud gold variogram model parameters 193
Table 14-62: Le Plaque gold variogram model parameters used, by domain 195
Table 14-63: Variogram Model Parameters – Domain 100 196
Table 14-64: Aires gold variogram model parameters used, by domain group 198
Table 14-65: Summary of block model file names 199
Table 14-66: Block model parameters for the 2019 Mont Ity to Walter model 199
Table 14-67: Block model parameters for the 2017 MRE Updates for Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu and
Gbéitouo 199
Table 14-68: Block model parameters for the 2017 Colline Sud model 199
Table 14-69: Block model parameters for the 2019 Le Plaque model 199
Table 14-70: Block model parameters for the 2019 Aires model 199
Table 14-71: Block model parameters for the 2019 Verse Ouest & Teckraie model 199
Table 14-72: Mont Ity to Walter OK GC interpolation search parameters 200

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Table 14-73: Panel OK interpolation search parameters 200

Table 14-74: SMU ranking OK interpolation parameters 201
Table 14-75: Zia NE search neighbourhood parameters – LUC panel gold grade estimates 202
Table 14-76: Bakatouo search neighbourhood parameters – LUC panel gold grade estimates 202
Table 14-77: Daapleu search neighbourhood parameters – LUC panel gold grade estimates 202
Table 14-78: Gbéitouo search neighbourhood parameters – LUC panel gold grade estimates 202
Table 14-79: Colline Sud search neighbourhood parameters used for OK estimation of gold grades
203
Table 14-80: Le Plaque search neighbourhood parameters used for OK estimation of gold grades
203
Table 14-81: Verse Ouest & Teckraie search neighbourhood parameters 204
Table 14-82: Aires ordinary kriging search neighbourhood parameters 205
Table 14-83: Summary of mining depletion applied to each Resource model as at 31 December 2019
207
Table 14-84: Mont Ity to Walter global statistical comparison – LUC versus Composites versus ID2
213
Table 14-85: Zia NE global statistical comparison – samples versus block estimates 214
Table 14-86: Bakatouo global statistical comparison – samples versus block estimates 214
Table 14-87: Daapleu global statistical comparison – samples versus block estimates 215
Table 14-88: Gbéitouo global statistical comparison – samples versus block estimates 215
Table 14-89: Colline Sud statistical comparison – composite samples versus block estimates 216
Table 14-90: Le Plaque statistical comparison – composite samples versus block estimates 217
Table 14-91: Verse Ouest & Teckraie statistical comparison between capped, declustered gold
composite grades and block estimates 218
Table 14-92: Comparison – LUC RDV versus OKGC – Total GC Volume 228
Table 14-93: Mont Ity to Walter - Comparison – LUC RDV versus OKGC – Clay Portion of the GC
Volume 229
Table 14-94: Mont Ity to Walter - Comparison – LUC RDV versus OKGC – Fresh Portion of the GC
Volume 231
Table 14-95: Mont Ity to Walter - Comparison – LUC RDV versus OKGC – Domain 201 Portion of
the GC Volume 231
Table 14-96: Mont Ity to Walter - Comparison – LUC RDV versus OKGC – Domain 202 Portion of
the GC Volume 231
Table 14-97: Mont Ity to Walter - Comparison – LUC RDV versus OKGC – Domain 203 Portion of
the GC Volume 231
Table 14-98: Summary of stockpile volumes, tonnages and average grades at Ity 240
Table 14-99: Key input pit optimisation parameters 249
Table 14-100: Mont Ity to Walter Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019) 249
Table 14-101: Zia NE Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019) 249
Table 14-102: Bakatouo Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019) 249
Table 14-103: Daapleu Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019) 250
Table 14-104: Gbéitouo Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019) 250
Table 14-105: Colline Sud Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019) 250
Table 14-106: Le Plaque Sud Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019) 250
Table 14-107: Aires Sud Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019) 250
Table 14-108: Verse Ouest & Teckraie Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019) 250
Table 14-109: Ity Gold Mine Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019) 251
Table 15-1: Ore Tonnes Comparison Before and After Modifying Factors 253
Table 15-2: The resource model minimum subblock size and parent block size 254
Table 15-3: The resource model minimum subblock size and parent block size 254
Table 15-4: Average Mining Cost (per material type) 255
Table 15-5: Excavators and Loaders Utilised 255
Table 15-6: Truck Models Utilised 255
Table 15-7: Blast Design 255
Table 15-8: Drilling and Blasting Cost Applied 256
Table 15-9: GC Assay Options 256
Table 15-10: Grade Control Parameters 256
Table 15-11: Ancillary Assumptions 256
Table 15-12: Average Processing Cost per Location 257
Table 15-13: Process Recoveries 258

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Table 15-14: Pit Slope Angles (IRA) 259

Table 15-15: Ity Flat and Walter Shell RF97 Inventory 260
Table 15-16: Colline-Sud Shell RF97 Inventory 260
Table 15-17: Daapleu Design Criteria 261
Table 15-18: Bakatouo Design Criteria 263
Table 15-19: Zia NE Design Criteria 264
Table 15-20: Mont Ity Design Criteria 266
Table 15-21: Walter Design Criteria 266
Table 15-22: Gbéitouo Pit Design Criteria 267
Table 15-23: Colin-Sud Design Criteria 267
Table 15-24: Le-Plaque Design Criteria 268
Table 15-25: Ity Mining Area – Slope Design Summary 271
Table 15-26: Dewatering Boreholes and Weep-Hole Summary 272
Table 15-27: Waste Dump Capacity 273
Table 15-28: Economic and Sub-Ore (MW) Cut-off Grades 274
Table 15-29: Mining Inventory per Mining Location 274
Table 15-30: Mining Inventory per Mining Location (Continued) 274
Table 15-31: Ity Gold Mine Mineral Reserve (sub-divided by deposit) as at 31 December 2019 275
Table 15-32: Ity Gold Mine Mineral Reserve (subdivided by weathering type) as at 31 December
2019 276
Table 16-1: Summary of Major Equipment 278
Table 16-2: Mining Location Sequence 282
Table 16-3: Production Schedule Annual Summary 284
Table 16-4: Primary Heavy Mining Equipment Productivity Estimation 285
Table 16-5: Heavy Primary Mining Equipment Requirement per Period 286
Table 16-6: Mining Method Risks 287
Table 16-7: Mining Method Opportunities 287
Table 17-1: Summary of Major Equipment 290
Table 17-2: Installed Load and Maximum Demand 299
Table 17-3: Production Schedule LoMp Summary 301
Table 18-1: Water Balance Modelling Results Summary 308
Table 18-2: Tailings Storage Facility – Key Design Parameters 310
Table 18-3: Staged Embankment Crest Elevations(1, 2) 311
Table 18-4: Extreme Design Flows 312
Table 18-5: Design Flow Levels 312
Table 19-1: Summary Assumptions – Commodity Prices and Macro-Economics 319
Table 19-2: Gold Consensus Market Forecast analysis (31 March 2020 real terms): 2020 through
2027 and the LTP(1) 320
Table 19-3: Historical gold price statistics for annual periods commencing 2000 through 31 March
2020(1) 320
Table 19-4: Mining Company gold price assumptions: Impairment testing; Mineral Reserves; and
Mineral Resources(1) 321
Table 19-5: Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve gold price assumptions (2020) 321
Table 19-6: Silver Consensus Market Forecast analysis (31 March 2020 real terms): 2020 through
2027 and the LTP(1) 322
Table 19-7: Historical silver price statistics for annual periods commencing 2000 through 31 March
2020 322
Table 19-8: Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve silver price assumptions (2020) 323
Table 19-9: Historical exchange rates(1) 324
Table 19-10: Historical Consumer Price Inflation 326
Table 19-11: Consensus Market Forecast Crude Oil and Fuel pricing 328
Table 20-1: Côte d'Ivoire environmental legislation 338
Table 20-2: Environmental Liabilities: ongoing, mine closure and post closure monitoring 347
Table 21-1: Future Capital Cost Estimate Summary 349
Table 21-2: Mining Capital Cost Estimate Summary 350
Table 21-3: Le Plaque Capital Cost Estimate Summary 353
Table 21-4: TSF Lift Forecast and Capital Cost Estimate Summary 356
Table 21-5: Future Physicals, operating expenditures and unit rates summaries 359

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List of Figures: Main Section

Figure 2-1: Endeavour Corporate Structure 15
Figure 4-1: Map of Côte d’Ivoire showing location of Ity Gold Mine 19
Figure 4-2: Map of Côte d’Ivoire showing location of Ity Gold Mine 21
Figure 7-1: Simplified geology of the West African craton highlighting the location of the Ity gold
deposit within the northeast-southwest-trending Toulépleu-Ity Klippe in the Kenema-
Man Domain (modified after Vic and Billa, 2015) 28
Figure 7-2: Simplified geology map of the Toulépleu-Ity Klippe (Source: Endeavour) 29
Figure 7-3: Simplified geology map of the Toulépleu-Ity Klippe (Source: Endeavour) 30
Figure 7-4: Reduced Clay (Facies 211) - S1145 at 15.10 m depth (Source Ity CIL Project NI 43-
101 Report, 2016) 31
Figure 7-5: Reduced Clay (Facies 211) - S1145 at 15.10 m depth (Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-
101 Report, 2016) 31
Figure 7-6: Reduced Clay (Facies 211) - S1145 at 15.10 m depth (Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-
101 Report, 2016) 32
Figure 7-7: Carbonate (Facies 401) - S663 at 110.50 m depth (S: Ity CIL Project NI 43-101 Report,
2016) 32
Figure 7-8: Skarn (Facies 901) - S1145 at 96.45 m depth (Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-101 Report,
2016) 33
Figure 7-9: Granodiorite (Facies 501) - ZA15-001 at 157.0 m depth (Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-
101 Report, 2016) 33
Figure 7-10: Geological map of the Ity Mine Complex skarn-type deposits and dumps (Source:
Endeavour) 36
Figure 7-11: Schematic cross-section through the Mont Ity (and historical Flotouo) deposit (Source:
Endeavour) 36
Figure 7-12: Schematic interpretation of the pre-alteration geometry of the Mont Ity deposit (Source:
Endeavour) 37
Figure 7-13: Schematic interpretation of the alteration and karstification of host lithologies, as well
as its effect on the geometry of the Mont Ity deposit (Source: Endeavour) 38
Figure 7-14: Geological map of the Bakatouo deposit (Source: Endeavour) 39
Figure 7-15: Geological map of the Bakatouo deposit (Source: Endeavour) 39
Figure 7-16: Map of Daapleu deposit (Source: Endeavour) 40
Figure 7-17: Cross section through Daapleu deposit (Source: Endeavour) 41
Figure 7-18: Map of Le Plaque deposit (Le Plaque Main, Epsilon and Le Plaque South) (Source:
Endeavour) 42
Figure 7-19: Cross section through Epsilon northeast-southwest structure (Source: Endeavour) 43
Figure 7-20: Cross sections through Le Plaque Main (A) and the Delta extension (B) (Source:
Endeavour) 44
Figure 9-1: Chargeability map produced from the 2018 IP survey of the Floleu area (Source:
Endeavour) 48
Figure 9-2: 2017 VTEM survey across the Endeavour License area (Source: Endeavour) 49
Figure 9-3: 2018 Gueya-Mont Ba soil geochemistry grid (Source: Endeavour) 50
Figure 9-4: Example regolith map across the PR609 license area (Source: Endeavour) 51
Figure 9-5: 2016 Auger drilling – near mine auger results (Source: Endeavour) 52
Figure 9-6: Mineralised trends and anomalous soil and auger results (Source: Endeavour) 53
Figure 10-1: Regional map showing the distribution of drill holes, coloured by drilling type, across
the whole Ity area (Source: Endeavour) 56
Figure 10-2: Ity Mine area drill hole location map (Source: Endeavour) 57
Figure 10-3: Spatial distribution of grade control versus resource development drill holes at Mont Ity
to Walter (Source: Endeavour) 58
Figure 10-4: Le Plaque area drill hole location map (Source: Endeavour) 60
Figure 10-5: Plan view of the Ity Mine Site showing the distribution of grade control drilling completed
between 2016 and 2019 (Source: Endeavour) 61
Figure 10-6: Plan view showing the distribution of 2017 and 2018 grade control drilling at Verse
Ouest and Teckraie (Source: Endeavour) 61
Figure 10-7: General procedures for diamond drilling (Source: Endeavour) 62
Figure 10-8: General procedures for RC and Air Core drilling (Source: Endeavour) 63
Figure 11-1: Control chart for CRM G397-3 (Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-101, 2016) 71
Figure 11-2: Control chart for CRM G910-10 (Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-101, 2016) 73

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Figure 11-3: Example control chart for the G916-4 CRM inserted into the Daapleu sample stream
for fire assay analysis (Source: Endeavour) 75
Figure 11-4: Example control chart for the G311-9 CRM inserted into the Daapleu sample stream
for fire assay analysis (Source: Endeavour) 76
Figure 11-5: Example control chart for the OREAS-252 CRM inserted into the Floleu sample stream
for LeachWELL analysis (Source: Endeavour) 76
Figure 11-6: Example control chart for the OREAS-252 CRM inserted into the Floleu sample stream
for (LeachWELL) Tails Fire Assay analysis (Source: Endeavour) 77
Figure 11-7: Example Coarse Blank control chart for 2017-2019 sampling at Daapleu (fire assay
analysis at SGS lab) (Source: Endeavour) 80
Figure 11-8: Example Fine Blank control chart for 2017-2019 sampling at Daapleu (fire assay
analysis at SGS lab) (Source: Endeavour) 80
Figure 11-9: Example Coarse Blank control chart for 2017-2019 sampling at Floleu (LeachWELL
analysis at ALS-Chemex, Ouagadougou) (Source: Endeavour) 81
Figure 11-10: Example Fine Blank control chart for 2017-2019 sampling at Floleu (Leachwell analysis
at ALS-Chemex, Ouagadougou) (Source: Endeavour) 81
Figure 11-11: Example Coarse Blank control chart for 2017-2019 sampling at Floleu (Tails Fire Assay
analysis at ALS-Chemex, Ouagadougou) (Source: Endeavour) 82
Figure 11-12: Example Fine Blank control chart for 2017-2019 sampling at Floleu (Tails Fire Assay
analysis at ALS-Chemex, Ouagadougou) (Source: Endeavour) 82
Figure 11-13: Scatter plot of original versus duplicates for a selection of duplicate sample from
between 2012 and 2016 (Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-101, 2016) 84
Figure 11-14: Example field duplicate scatterplot (original versus duplicate assay values) (Source:
Cube Consulting) 85
Figure 11-15: Example X-Y scatterplot showing original sample versus field duplicate gold grades
(g/t) with ±30% relative difference failure lines marked (Daapleu – Onsite SGS Lab –
Fire Assay – DDH Samples) (Source: Endeavour) 87
Figure 11-16: Example plot of relative difference versus field duplicate sample pair average grades
(g/tAu) (Daapleu – Onsite SGS Lab – Fire Assay - DDH Samples) (Source: Endeavour)
87
Figure 11-17: Example X-Y scatterplot showing original sample versus coarse crush duplicate gold
grades (g/t) with ±30% relative difference failure lines marked (Daapleu – Onsite SGS
Lab – Fire Assay - DDH Samples) (Source: Endeavour) 88
Figure 11-18: Example plot of relative difference versus coarse crush duplicate sample pair average
grades (g/tAu) (Daapleu – Onsite SGS Lab – Fire Assay - DDH Samples) (Source:
Endeavour) 88
Figure 11-19: Example X-Y scatterplot showing original sample versus pulp duplicate gold grades
(g/t) with ±30% relative difference failure lines marked (Daapleu – Onsite SGS Lab –
Fire Assay - DDH Samples) (Source: Endeavour) 89
Figure 11-20: Example plot of relative difference versus pulp duplicate sample pair average grades
(g/tAu) (Daapleu – Onsite SGS Lab – Fire Assay - DDH Samples) (Source: Endeavour)
89
Figure 12-1: Mont Ity twinned hole comparison (Source: Endeavour) 102
Figure 12-2: Ity Flat twinned hole comparison (Source: Endeavour) 103
Figure 12-3: Daapleu twinned hole comparison (Source: Endeavour) 104
Figure 12-4: Gold grade versus depth profile for twinned drill holes FL18-703 (RC) and FA18-722
(Source: Endeavour) 105
Figure 12-5: Gold grade versus depth profile for twinned drill holes FL18-690 (RC) and FA18-735
(Source: Endeavour) 105
Figure 12-6: Aires twinned hole comparison (Source: Endeavour) 106
Figure 12-7: Q-Q plot for RDV versus GC samples with maximum distance of separation of 2 m
(Source: Endeavour) 107
Figure 13-1: Rate of Metal Extraction – Daapleu Oxide (Source: Endeavour) 117
Figure 13-2: Rate of Metal Extraction – Ity Flat (Source: Endeavour) 117
Figure 13-3: Rate of Metal Extraction – Mont Ity (Source: Endeavour) 117
Figure 13-4: Rate of Metal Extraction – Walter (Source: Endeavour) 118
Figure 13-5: Rate of Metal Extraction – Zia NE (Source: Endeavour) 118
Figure 13-6: Rate of Metal Extraction – Daapleu Primary (Source: Endeavour) 118
Figure 13-7: Oxygen Uptake Results Summary (Source: Endeavour) 119

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Figure 13-8: Bakatouo Variability Testwork – Au and Cu Extractions with Cu (Source: Endeavour)
121
Figure 13-9: Feasibility Study Diagnostic Gold Analysis – Overall Distribution (Source: Endeavour)
123
Figure 13-10: Bakatouo Diagnostic Gold Analysis – Overall Distribution (Source: Endeavour) 124
Figure 13-11: Bakatouo Copper Diagnostic Assay (Source: Endeavour) 124
Figure 13-12: Le Plaque Diagnostic Gold Analysis – Fresh Composite (Source: Endeavour) 126
Figure 13-13: Feasibility Grind Impact on Gravity Recoverable Gold Optimisation Results (Source:
Endeavour) 127
Figure 13-14: Feasibility Grind Impact on Leachable Gold Recovery Optimisation Results (Source:
Endeavour) 127
Figure 13-15: Feasibility Grind Impact on Leachable Silver Recovery Optimisation Results (Source:
Endeavour) 128
Figure 13-16: Rheology Results – Composite #3 (Ity Flat) (Source: Endeavour) 129
Figure 13-17: Schematic of Cyanide Detoxification Mini Plant (Source: Endeavour) 131
Figure 13-18: Whole-of-Ore Cyanidation Leach – Grind Size vs. Au Extraction (Source: Endeavour)
139
Figure 13-19: Whole-of-Ore Cyanidation Leach – Grind Size vs. Ag Extraction (Source: Endeavour)
140
Figure 14-1: Cross Section view looking north-eastwards – Mont Ity – Lithology Interpretation (Image
source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 146
Figure 14-2: Cross Section view looking north-eastwards – Ity Flat – Lithology Interpretation (Image
source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 146
Figure 14-3: Cross Section view looking north-eastwards – Walter – Lithology Interpretation (Image
source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 147
Figure 14-4: Bakatouo – modelled lithology domains (section 0 looking northeast) (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017) 148
Figure 14-5: Daapleu – modelled lithology domains (section 1250 looking northeast) (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017) 148
Figure 14-6: Gbéitouo – modelled lithology domains (section 280 looking northeast) (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017) 149
Figure 14-7: Zia NE – modelled lithology domains (section 200 looking northeast) (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017) 149
Figure 14-8: Plan view of the volcanosediments and intrusive wireframes at Colline Sud 150
Figure 14-9: Boundary plot of gold grade across the fresh – clay transition (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2019) 153
Figure 14-10: Cross-section view of Ity, looking northeastwards – drill hole gold assay grades,
estimation domains (blue lines) and lithology domains (blocks). (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2019) 153
Figure 14-11: 3D view looking towards the northeast, with northwesterly-dipping clay and fresh rock
estimation domains overlain by the flat-lying laterite domain (301) (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2019) 154
Figure 14-12: Plan view of the clay and fresh estimation domains (Image source: Cube Consulting,
2019) 155
Figure 14-13: Zia NE mineralisation domains – plan view (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)
156
Figure 14-14: Zia NE mineralisation domains – section -175 looking northeast (Image source: Cube
Consulting 156
Figure 14-15: Bakatouo mineralisation domains – plan view (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017 –
marked cross-sections available therein) 157
Figure 14-16: Daapleu mineralisation domains – plan view (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)
158
Figure 14-17: Daapleu mineralisation domains – section 1250 looking northeast (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2017) 158
Figure 14-18: Gbéitouo mineralisation domains – plan view (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017 –
marked cross-sections available in therein) 159
Figure 14-19: Colline Sud mineralisation domains – plan view 160
Figure 14-20: Le Plaque mineralisation domains – plan view 161
Figure 14-21: Cross-section (looking northeast) through the Verse Ouest and Teckraie dumps
showing the three modelled mineralisation domains and 1 m gold composites 162

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Figure 14-22: Plan view of the Verse Ouest and Teckraie dumps wireframes, including: the in-situ
laterite and high grade dumps sub-domain (left); and the main dumps wireframe (right).
Black/blue points represent drill hole collars 162
Figure 14-23: Aires Leach Pads – cross-section showing domains based on distinct lifts added to the
heap leach pile (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 163
Figure 14-24: Histogram of composite lengths within the estimation domains at Mont Ity to Walter
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 164
Figure 14-25: Mont Ity to Walter - Scatter plot of composite length (y-axis) versus gold grade (x-axis)
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 164
Figure 14-26: Mont Ity to Walter - Log-probability plots for 1 m composited gold grade for the Fresh
Domains (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 165
Figure 14-27: Mont Ity to Walter - Log-probability plots for 1 m composited gold grade for the clay
domains (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 166
Figure 14-28: Mont Ity to Walter - Log-probability plot for 1 m composited gold grade for the Laterite
Domain (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 166
Figure 14-29: Mont Ity to Walter - Log-probability plot for 1 m composited gold grades in the Halo
Domains (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 167
Figure 14-30: Mont Ity to Walter - Scatter plots for Au (g/t), Cu (ppm), As (ppm), S (%) and Ag (ppm)
in real space (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 169
Figure 14-31: Mont Ity to Walter - Scatter plots for Au (g/t), Cu (ppm), As (ppm), S (%) and Ag (ppm)
in logarithmic space (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 170
Figure 14-32: Mont Ity to Walter - Example Q-Q plot for Au and Cu – clay domains – regression line
and equation shown (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 171
Figure 14-33: Zia NE - Log-probability plot of 2m gold composites – Domain 200 (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2017) 172
Figure 14-34: Daapleu - Log-probability plot of 2 m gold composites by domain (Black=999, Dark
Grey=100, Red=150, Green=200, Cyan=301, Apricot=400, Grey=500). (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017) 174
Figure 14-35: Gbéitouo - Log-probability plot of 2m gold composites – Domain 100 (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017) 175
Figure 14-36: Verse Ouest and Teckraie - Log-probability plot of composites within Domain 100 by
drilling type (RC = black; DDH = red; AC = green) (Image source: Cube Consulting,
2019) 177
Figure 14-37: Aires - Log-probability plot of 1 m gold composites for each group of domains (Image
source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 179
Figure 14-38: Mont Ity to Walter - Diffusion Test for gold grade based on 1 m Composites – Domain
101– the right diagonal shows the indicator variograms at various threshold grades,
and the remainder of the matrix shows the quotient of the indicator cross-variograms
and variograms (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 180
Figure 14-39: Mont Ity to Walter - Diffusion Test for gold grade based on 1 m Composites – Domain
201– the right diagonal shows the indicator variograms at various threshold grades,
and the remainder of the matrix shows the quotient of the indicator cross-variograms
and variograms (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 181
Figure 14-40: Mont Ity to Walter - Diffusion Test for gold grade based on 1m Composites – Domain
301– the right diagonal shows the indicator variograms at various threshold grades,
and the remainder of the matrix shows the quotient of the indicator cross-variograms
and variograms (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 182
Figure 14-41: Verse Ouest and Teckraie - Histogram and log-probability plot of Domain 100 Au
composites (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 186
Figure 14-42: Verse Ouest and Teckraie - Histogram and log-probability plot of Domain 200 Au
composites (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 186
Figure 14-43: Verse Ouest and Teckraie - Histogram and log-probability plot of Domain 300 Au
composites (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 186
Figure 14-44: Example Gaussian-transformed gold variogram for Domain 101 – Mont Ity to Walter
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 190
Figure 14-45: Example back-transformed gold variogram for Domain 101 – Mont Ity to Walter (Image
source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 191
Figure 14-46: Example Gaussian- and back-transformed gold variograms for Domain 100 – Zia NE
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017) 192

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Figure 14-47: Example Gaussian- and back-transformed gold variograms for Domain 101 – Bakatouo
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017) 192
Figure 14-48: Example Gaussian- and back-transformed gold variograms for Domain 200 – Daapleu
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017) 193
Figure 14-49: Example Gaussian- and back-transformed gold variograms for Domain 100 – Gbéitouo
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017) 193
Figure 14-50: Colline Sud Domain 7 variogram – major axis 194
Figure 14-51: Colline Sud Domain 7 variogram – semi-major axis 194
Figure 14-52: Colline Sud Domain 7 variogram – minor axis 194
Figure 14-53: Example gold variogram for Zone 24 (major axis) - Le Plaque 195
Figure 14-54: Gold variograms and parameters for Domain 100 (Source: Cube Consulting, 2019)
197
Figure 14-55: Example variograms (major, semi-major and minor axes as well as downhole) for
domains 3-7 – Aires (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 198
Figure 14-56: Daapleu mineralisation interpretation with trend surfaces – Section 1250 looking
northeast (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017) 206
Figure 14-57: Cross Section view looking north-eastwards – Mont Ity – Block Estimates with Gold
Grade less than 0.5g/tAu masked (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 207
Figure 14-58: Cross Section view looking north-eastwards – Walter – Block Estimates with Gold
Grade less than 0.5g/tAu masked (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 208
Figure 14-59: Zia NE block model gold grade estimate with drilling – Section -175 (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017) 208
Figure 14-60: Bakatouo block model gold grade estimate with drilling – Section 0 (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017) 209
Figure 14-61: Daapleu block model gold grade estimate with drilling – Section 1250 (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017) 209
Figure 14-62: Gbéitouo block model gold grade estimate with drilling – Section 160 (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017) 210
Figure 14-63: Colline Sud block model gold grade estimate with drilling 211
Figure 14-64: Le Plaque Main block model gold grade estimate with drilling 211
Figure 14-65: Le Plaque Epsilon block model gold grade estimate with drilling 212
Figure 14-66: Cross-sections through the Verse Ouest & Teckraie block model gold grade estimate
with input 1 m composites 212
Figure 14-67: Example swath plots by Northing – combined LUC and OK GC gold estimates versus
input composite grades (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 219
Figure 14-68: Example swath plots by RL – combined LUC and OK GC gold estimates versus input
composite grades (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 219
Figure 14-69: Zia NE block model validation by Northing – Domain 200 (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2017) 220
Figure 14-70: Bakatouo block model validation by Easting – Domain 101 (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2017) 220
Figure 14-71: Bakatouo block model validation by Easting – Domain 102 (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2017) 221
Figure 14-72: Daapleu block model validation by Easting – Domain 200 (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2017) 221
Figure 14-73: Gbéitouo block model validation by Easting – Domain 100 (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2017) 222
Figure 14-74: Colline Sud block model validation swath plot (along X) 222
Figure 14-75: Colline Sud block model validation swath plot (along Y) 223
Figure 14-76: Le Plaque block model validation swath plot (Zone 1) 223
Figure 14-77: Le Plaque block model validation swath plot (Zone 21 – Epsilon) 223
Figure 14-78: Swath plot validation for gold grades in Domain 100 by Northing (Image Source: Cube
Consulting, 2019) 224
Figure 14-79: Swath plot validation for gold grades in Domain 100 by Easting (Image Source: Cube
Consulting, 2019) 225
Figure 14-80: Swath plot validation for gold grades in Domain 100 by Elevation (Image Source: Cube
Consulting, 2019) 225
Figure 14-81: Aires block model validation swath plot (Domain 11) (Image source: Cube Consulting,
2019) 226

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Figure 14-82: Aires block model validation swath plot (Domains 1-2) (Image source: Cube Consulting,
2019) 226
Figure 14-83: Aires block model validation swath plot (Domains 3-7) (Image source: Cube Consulting,
2019) 227
Figure 14-84: Aires block model validation swath plot (Domain 8) (Image source: Cube Consulting,
2019) 227
Figure 14-85: Mont Ity to Walter - Grade-Volume Curves - LUC RDV versus OKGC – Total GC
Volume (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 228
Figure 14-86: Mont Ity to Walter - Metal Index Curves - LUC RDV versus OKGC – Total GC Volume
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 229
Figure 14-87: Mont Ity to Walter - Grade-Volume Curves - LUC RDV versus OKGC – Clay Portion of
the GC Volume (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 230
Figure 14-88: Mont Ity to Walter - Metal Index Curves - LUC RDV versus OKGC – Clay Portion of the
GC Volume (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 230
Figure 14-89: Plan view of the Mineral Resource classification for Mont Ity to Walter. Blue=Measured;
Yellow=Indicated; Red=Inferred (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019) 232
Figure 14-90: Isometric view of the Mineral Resource classification for Mont Ity and Ity Flat looking to
the north. Blue=Measured; Yellow=Indicated; Red=Inferred (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2019) 233
Figure 14-91: Isometric view of the Mineral Resource classification for Ity Flat, Tontouo and Walter
looking to the west. Blue=Measured; Yellow=Indicated; Red=Inferred (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2019) 233
Figure 14-92: Zia NE Mineral Resource classification – plan view (Image source: Cube Consulting)
234
Figure 14-93: Bakatouo Mineral Resource classification – oblique view looking NNE (Image source:
Cube Consulting) 235
Figure 14-94: Daapleu Mineral Resource classification – oblique view looking south-east (Image
source: Cube Consulting) 235
Figure 14-95: Gbéitouo Mineral Resource classification – oblique view looking east (Image source:
Cube Consulting) 236
Figure 14-96: Colline Sud Mineral Resource classification – oblique view looking east 236
Figure 14-97: Le Plaque Mineral Resource classification – oblique view looking northwest 237
Figure 14-98: Verse Ouest & Teckraie Mineral Resource classification – plan view 238
Figure 14-99: Verse Ouest & Teckraie Mineral Resource classification – 759,700N +/- 10m 238
Figure 14-100: Aires Mineral Resource classification - plan view (1 = Measured, 2 = Indicated, 4 =
Unclassified) (Image source: Cube Consulting) 239
Figure 14-101: Section showing Bakatouo GC Drilling versus MRE model and GC model for Au – note
GC drilling from 215mRL is ongoing with modelling to follow (figure looking NE) 243
Figure 14-102: Section showing Bakatouo GC model distribution for Total Cu, cyanide-soluble copper
(CuCN) and silver relative to drill holes displaying gold values – note GC drilling from
215mRL is ongoing with modelling to follow (figure looking NE) 243
Figure 14-103: Section showing Bakatouo GC model distribution for Total Cu, cyanide-soluble copper
(CuCN) and silver relative to drill holes displaying gold values – note GC drilling from
215mRL is ongoing with modelling to follow (figure looking NE) 244
Figure 14-104: Section showing Daapleu GC drilled area and exploration drilling (figure looking NE)
244
Figure 14-105: Plan of Daapleu at 245mRL comparing the MRE and GC Models 245
Figure 14-106: Ity Reconciliation Measures – 24-month period up to February 2020 246
Figure 14-107: Section of Ity Flat MRE and GC models showing more limited exploration drilling within
areas of existing open pit (figure looking NE) 248
Figure 15-1: Ity Gold Mine Site Map (Source: Endeavour) 252
Figure 15-2: Arsenic Grade vs Gold Recovery (Source: Endeavour) 258
Figure 15-3: Gold Grade vs Recovery (Source: Endeavour) 258
Figure 15-4: Ity Flat and Walter Pit Optimisation Nested Pit Shells (Source: Endeavour) 260
Figure 15-5: Daapleu Pit Stage 1 (Source: Endeavour) 262
Figure 15-6: Daapleu Pit Stage 2 (Final) (Source: Endeavour) 262
Figure 15-7: Bakatouo Pit Stage 1 Pit (Source: Endeavour) 263
Figure 15-8: Bakatouo Pit Stage 2 (Source: Endeavour) 264
Figure 15-9: Zia NE Stage 1 Pit (Source: Endeavour) 265
Figure 15-10: Zia NE Stage 1 Pit (Source: Endeavour) 265

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Figure 15-11: Mont Ity and Walter Pit (Source: Endeavour) 266
Figure 15-12: Gbéitouo Pit Design (Source: Endeavour) 267
Figure 15-13: Colin-Sud Pit Design (Source: Endeavour) 268
Figure 15-14: Le-Plaque Pit Stage 1 Design (Source: Endeavour) 269
Figure 15-15: Le-Plaque Pit Stage 2 Design (Source: Endeavour) 269
Figure 15-16: Le-Plaque Pit Stage 3 (Final) Design (Source: Endeavour) 270
Figure 15-17: Ity Gold Mine Site Layout (Source: Endeavour) 273
Figure 16-1: Yearly Total Tonnage Moved (Source: Endeavour) 281
Figure 16-2: Total Ore Tonnes Mined and Grade (Source: Endeavour) 281
Figure 16-3: Total Ore Tonnes Mined and Grade (Source: Endeavour) 282
Figure 16-4: Stockpile Balance and Grade (Source: Endeavour) 283
Figure 16-5: Process Throughput and Grade (Source: Endeavour) 283
Figure 16-6: Process Feed and Unit Processing Cost (Source: Endeavour) 284
Figure 16-7: Gold Recovered and Recoveries (Source: Endeavour) 284
Figure 17-1: Process Flowsheet (Source: Endeavour) 290
Figure 17-2: Process Feed and Unit Processing Cost (Source: Endeavour) 302
Figure 17-3: Gold Recovered and Recoveries (Source: Endeavour) 302
Figure 18-1: General Overall Site Layout 306
Figure 18-2: General Plant Layout 316
Figure 18-3: Mine Services Area 317
Figure 19-1: Historical Gold Spot Market Prices (nominal and real 1 April 2020): daily; three-year
average daily 321
Figure 19-2: Historical Silver Spot Market Prices (nominal and real 1 April 2020): daily; three-year
average daily 323
Figure 19-3: Historical exchange rates (Australian Dollar, Canadian Dollar, CFA Franc BCEAO,
Euro and South African Rand) 325
Figure 19-4: Historical exchange rates (CFA Franc BCEAO and South African Rand) 325
Figure 19-5: Historical consumer price inflation and index (Burkina Faso, United States, Australia,
Canada, Euro Zone, South African and United Kingdom) 327
Figure 19-6: Historical Gold Spot Market Prices (nominal and real 1 April 2020): daily; three-year
average daily 328
Figure 20-1: Ity Gold Mine: current infrastructure 332
Figure 20-2: Locations of three of the four river diversions (illustrated in a recent 2020 Knight Piésold
report on design of river diversions) 332
Figure 20-3: Settlements around the Ity Gold Mine 334
Figure 21-1: Le Plaque – Overall Site Development Plan 351
Figure 21-2: Ity TSF Stage 2 Lift Plan 355
Figure 21-3: Ity TSF Stage 2 Lift Typical Embankment Elevation 355
Figure 21-4: Ity Diversions Plan for Bakatou and Walter Pits 357
Figure 21-5: Ity Diversions Typical Embankment Elevation 357
Figure 23-1: LMCI (red) and surrounding licenses overlain on a BRGM geological map; black
dashed line represents an alternative outline of Birimian volcano-sedimentary belt
(source: Endeavour) 361

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 TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE ITY GOLD MINE, REPUBLIC OF
CÔTE D'IVOIRE

1 SUMMARY
1.1 Introduction
The Ity deposits are all part of the mining property of Société des Mines d'Ity (“SMI”) and Société
des Mines de Daapleu (“SMD”) in Côte d'Ivoire and are centred on 06°52’16” north latitude and
08°06’30” west longitude. Côte d'Ivoire is located in West Africa at the extreme west of the Gulf
of Guinea and is bordered by Ghana in the east, Mali and Burkina Faso in the north and Guinea
and Liberia in the west. The Ity gold deposits are located in western Côte d'Ivoire, 480km from
the economic capital of Abidjan, near the border with Liberia and Guinea
The Ity mineral rights comprise of two mining licenses – exploitation permit PE26 (“SMI
License”) and exploitation permit PE49 (“SMD License”). The SMI License is held by SMI and
the SMD License is held by SMD. Endeavour, indirectly through its subsidiaries, Ity Holdings
(formerly, Endeavour Cayman CIV) and Keyman Investment, holds an 85% stake in SMI and
SMD. The remaining interest in SMI and SMD is held as follows - 5% by SODEMI, the State-
owned mining company, and 10% by the State of Côte d'Ivoire. Pursuant to its mining
convention with the State, Endeavour is to pay the State of Côte d'Ivoire a 3% to 6% royalty,
on a sliding scale based on prevailing gold prices. Endeavour holds a 100% interest in the Le
Plaque area at Ity.
The Ity processing facility is located on the SMI License, whereas the deposits that will be
processed are located on SMI, SMD and pending Floleu License areas. The SMI License has
an area of 25km2, which includes the Mont Ity, Zia NE, Colline Sud, Bakatouo and Walter
deposits, the Aires (decommissioned heap-leach pads) and the Verse Ouest and Teckraie
dumps. The SMI License expires on November 14, 2023 following its fourth renewal but is
renewable again for consecutive 10-year periods. The SMD License has an area of 13.2km2,
which includes the Gbéitouo and Daapleu deposits. The license was initially issued in April
2018 to La Mancha Côte d’Ivoire S.à r.l. (‘’LMCI’’), a wholly owned exploration subsidiary of
Endeavour, and then transferred to SMD on September 10, 2018 (in accordance with the
procedure set out in the mining code). The SMD License is valid for 14 years and thus, expires
on April 10, 2032. It is then renewable for successive 10-year periods.
Copper and gold were first discovered near the village of Ity in the 1950's during regional
exploration by the Bureau de Recherches Géologique et Minière de la France d'Outre-Mer.
Initial attempts to recover the gold were unsuccessful due to the fineness of the gold and the
rheology of the ore. In 1983, the Société Minière d'Ity (“SMI”) was incorporated to develop the
Flotouo deposit which poured its first gold in 1991. Substantial exploration was done in the
1990s and many of the deposits were discovered or expanded at the time. Since then
ownership has changed several times until the La Mancha Group (“LM Group”) acquired a
stake in SMI in 2012. In 2014, a change in shareholders was authorized by the Government of
Côte d'Ivoire leading to the majority ownership being held by the LM Group. In late 2015,
Endeavour acquired LM Group's interest in SMI (55%) and LMCI (100%). During 2017 and
2018 Endeavour acquired an additional aggregate 30% of SMI such that it now holds an 85%
interest in SMI. Similarly, Endeavour holds an 85% interest in SMD.
In 2014, a scoping study to replace the current heap leach plant with a greenfields CIL plant
was completed using a processing rate of 1.5Mt per annum based on indicated mineral

Registered Address: 27 Hospital Road, George Town, Grand Cayman,

Cayman Islands KY1-9008.
Endeavour Mining Corporation IGM Technical Report, 2020 – Main Report

resources. Following the positive results of this study, in late 2014 and early 2015 LM Group
conducted drilling programmes at the Daapleu, Zia NE, Bakatouo and Mont Ity deposits
designed to upgrade inferred material from the latest resource estimate to an indicated
resource, as well as to delineate each deposit further along strike. The resulting resource
estimate update yielded a significant increase in indicated mineral resources for all three areas,
increasing measured and indicated mineral resources to 3.1Moz. The updated resources and
reserves lead to a pre-feasibility study of the CIL Project completed in July 2015 using a
processing rate of 2.0Mt per annum.
Following the results of the pre-feasibility study and Endeavour’s acquisition of the LM Group's
interest in SMI, Endeavour engaged Lycopodium Minerals to undertake a feasibility study. The
Ity CIL feasibility study (the “Ity CIL Feasibility Study”) was completed in October 2016 on the
basis of a 3.0Mt per annum plant. Following the publication of the Ity CIL Feasibility Study, an
optimization study (the “Ity Optimization Study”) was completed in September 2017 which
improved the project economics further, due to the inclusion of additional reserves and further
upsizing the plan from 3.0Mt to 4.0Mt per year.
The first gold pour from the Ity CIL project took place on March 18, 2019, ahead of schedule
and under-budget. Following satisfactory completion of performance tests, Endeavour
launched optimization and debottlenecking work to do a volumetric increase of the plant
capacity by 1.0Mtpa to 5.0Mtpa, these upgrades were completed in Q4 2019.

1.2 Geology, Exploration, Drilling and Sampling

Geology
Ity is located in the Lower Proterozoic Birimian Formation of the Toulépleu-Ity klippe. The
Toulépleu-Ity klippe is a small remnant of Birimian within the older Archean portion of the West
African Craton which spans 10 countries between Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, Niger and Ghana.
The Ity area is characterized by a series of granodioritic intrusions into a sedimentary sequence
of volcano- sediments and carbonates with a general NE-SW strike. The volcanic rocks are
generally tuffaceous with chemistry that ranges from basic to acidic. All formations have been
subjected to regional metamorphism.
The deposits of Ity are classified as skarn or typical shear-hosted greenstone deposits. The
skarns developed at the contacts of a central northeast trending lensoidal shaped body of
granodiorite intrusives with the carbonate units on both northwest and southeast contacts. The
Ity, Ity Flat, Tontouo and Walter deposits are hosted along the southeastern contact, whilst
Flotouo, Zia and Zia NE are hosted along the northwestern contact. Bakatouo deposit is
interpreted as being hosted by the northeast continuation of the carbonate units, whilst the
Colline Sud skarn deposit represents the southwest continuation. The skarns are characterized
by epidote, carbonate, diopside, chlorite, tremolite, magnetite and garnet with gold associated
with pyrite and chalcopyrite. The Teckraie and Verse Ouest deposits are rock dumps of the
now depleted Flotouo (skarn) open pit and sit on top of weathered granodiorite. Aires consists
of the decommissioned heap leach pads from the historic operation of the mine.
The in-situ deposits of Daapleu and Gbéitouo share many characteristics with typical shear
zone deposits known in Birimian greenstone belts of West Africa. The deposits are associated
with a major regional, NE-trending shear zone but are developed on secondary structures. The
Daapleu deposit is characterized by the presence of a “rhyolitic” intrusive surrounded by a
package of volcano-sediments. The “rhyolite” is locally called "daaplite". The "daaplite" is
strongly altered and sheared and, at the contact, both lithologies have been affected by phyllic
style hydrothermal alteration (sericite-silica-pyrite). Gold mineralization is mesothermal and

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occurs as fine-grained free gold within foliation and silicified strips, associated with arsenopyrite
and to a lesser extent with pyrite and silver-copper-antimony sulfosalts. The Gbéitouo deposit
is hosted within volcano-sediments with variable intensity silica-sericite-pyrite alteration. Minor
pyrrhotite, galena and sphalerite have been noted in association with auriferous pyrite in
proximal mineralized shears.
Le Plaque was discovered in 2017 and is a shear hosted deposit located mainly at the contact
between granodiorite and diorite intrusions, developing a skarn unit with the country rocks. The
geology of Le Plaque consists of a granodiorite batholith intruded into a sequence of Birimian
meta-volcano-sediments, dominantly meta-sediments (impure marbles, metasiltstones and
sandstones) to the west, and a belt of mafic metavolcanics to the east. Several generations of
diorite and microdiorite bodies of variable thickness occur within the metasediments as sheeted
sills and dykes, including some which are cutting through or bordering the granodiorite. The
metasediments and magmatic rocks have been affected by skarn alteration forming exoskarn
and endoskarn, although this event appears not associated with gold, contrary to general Ity
style mineralization, those mineral paragenesis bears significant copper.
The mineralization in Le Plaque is broadly associated with few meters-thick ductile and brittle-
ductile shears with quartz veining, silica-sericite alteration and locally massive sulfidic seams
(pyrite, with subordinate sphalerite, minor chalcopyrite and local trace of galena and pyrrhotite).
There is no visible gold on core, even within the highest-grade intercepts, and almost no
arsenopyrite. The presence of sphalerite, strong silicification and quartz veining usually
correlates very well with the best grades. The anastomosed shearing network is usually well
developed in the outer shell of the granodiorite, within the granodiorite and diorite units, and to
a lesser extent within the skarn host rocks themselves.

Exploration
At Ity, regional scale geochemical stream sediment sampling and soil sampling programs and
airborne geophysics (magnetics) were completed by BRGM, the French geological survey
institute, in several phases from the 1930s up to the 1990s. The geochemical surveys
highlighted several anomalies in the project area, the strongest being the Ity deposit. Follow
up geochemical surveys and shallow drill results were successful in delineating the Ity
mineralization, and mining for a heap leach operation commenced in 1991. In 1999 the BRGM
completed further ground-based exploration in the wider PE26 and PR609 permit areas
including IP (Induced Polarization) and ground magnetic geophysical surveys, infill soils and
pitting, and drilling of reconnaissance core holes.
Little information is available between 2002 and 2011 with data and maps being lost during
three periods of civil conflict; mining operations and exploration activities were sporadic.
La Mancha's evaluation of Ity began in 2012 following the change in ownership and
management. Exploration since then has been carried out under the supervision of technically
qualified personnel applying standard industry approaches. All data acquired meets or exceeds
industry standards and all exploration work has been carried out by or supervised by technical
personnel of the operator. Work prior to 2012 has been validated or replaced with new
information.
Recent exploration at Ity generally follows a systematic approach depending on the available
information of each target area or deposit. Due to the success of the previous geochemical
sampling programs in highlighting surface mineralization at Ity and Daapleu deposits, a large
soil sampling program encompassing large portions of PR609 was completed in 2013. To
assist with the interpretation of the soil results, the data from 1979 airborne magnetic survey,
the 1999 IP survey and 1999 ground magnetic survey were re-processed by SAGAX Afrique

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SA using modern processing methodologies. The combination of results led to core drilling
which identified transported alluvial cover from the Cavally River in some of the target areas.
The observation helped explain why some of the previous shallow geochemical anomalies did
not persist in the bedrock, but it also flagged a lowering confidence in the results of the soil
program.
To provide clarity, the exploration program was adapted in 2015 to enable grid-based bedrock
sampling auger drill programs across large tracts of lithological and structural favorable ground
trending northeast-southwest from Ity and Daapleu deposits. The programs identified several
strong anomalies. Large scale auger programs in 2016 and 2017 identified numerous
anomalous values along strike to the northeast and southwest of the Ity deposit. Follow up RC
and DD drill programs confirmed some of the anomalies at depth, whilst others resulted in
minimal sub-surface support. To help delineate between anomalies with deep seated roots
against those resulting from surficial enrichment processes, the drilling type for the 2018 auger
program was changed to Air Core drilling with holes drilled at minus 50-degree declination.
Further ground IP geophysical surveys to track out mineralized shear structures on a prospect
scale, in conjunction with recently completed regional scale airborne VTEM geophysical survey
were used in the interpretation of the auger and Air Core programs results. Ity’s 2017
exploration program amounted to U$8m, totalling 58,500m of drilling focused on increasing the
resource. More than 1.0Moz of indicated resources were added in 2017 following the
successful drilling campaigns at the Bakatouo, Ity, Daapleu and Verse Ouest deposits and at
the recent Le Plaque deposit discovery.
In light of positive 2017 results, a further exploration campaign was planned for near-mill targets
(including testing of extensions at the Mont Ity, Bakatouo, Daapleu, Le Plaque deposits) with
the aim of delineating additional resources for the CIL Project.
On February 23, 2018, a maiden resource (85kozAu at 2.70g/tAu of indicated and 43kozAu at
2.40g/tAu of Inferred) was defined for an area that represents about 25% of the Le Plaque
target.
In 2018 the exploration program amounted to US$9m, totalling 49,600m of drilling, focused
mainly on the Le Plaque area and Daapleu deposit. The mineralization in the Le Plaque area
was extended and drilling continued.
The validation of a high-grade at depth plunge at the Daapleu deposit was confirmed, and
mineralization below the existing heap leach pad has been encountering suggesting a possible
extension of the Bakatouo deposit.
In 2019, exploration efforts were focused on the Le Plaque target. Due to the success of the
campaign, the initial budget of 71,000 meters was exceeded with a total of 83,436 meters of
drilling completed, amounting to US11m. As announced on July 8, 2019, the Le Plaque
Indicated resource increased from 85kozAu to 476kozAu at a grade of 3.20g/tAu and a maiden
Mineral Reserve of 5.5Mt at a grade of 2.34g/tAu containing 415kozAu was published on
February 24, 2020. The Le Plaque resource and reserve estimates are expected to further
increase in Q2-2020 based on the additional 25,695 meters drilled in H2-2019 and the 41,000-
meter drilling campaign planned for H1-2020
An environmental and social impact assessment (“ESIA”) has been completed and an
Exploitation Permit application for Floleu (Le Plaque) was made in February 2020.
The Mahapleu tenement was purchased in August 2019 for a minimal cash consideration and
a royalty based on a sliding scale depending on the gold price (varying from 1% below
US$1,200/oz to 2.5% above US$1,850/oz). Following this land consolidation, Endeavour now

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controls the whole extent of the Ity Birimian corridor that stretches nearly 125km.

Sampling and Data Verification

Drilling and survey procedures observed are to acceptable industry standards, are appropriate
to the deposits being drilled and are appropriate for mineral resource estimation.
All assays for the most recent exploration campaigns were done by Bureau Veritas laboratory,
Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire with 50g fire-assay analyses. In addition to the above, six batches of
samples were sent to ALS Chemex, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso as umpire checks. These
samples came from the various exploration targets.
In general, the results of the assays were within acceptable limits and deemed suitable for use
in the mineral resource database. Any data deemed not to be suitable was removed from the
database.
In 2017, Endeavour entered into an agreement with SGS Côte d'Ivoire SA to establish and
operate independent mineral assay laboratory services at Ity. The services include dedicated
sample preparation, leach, soluble copper and fire assay services for mine and grade control
operations, as well as dedicated sample preparation and fire assay facilities for exploration
samples. Sample collection followed established procedures, and sample submission included
the same control samples and insertion procedures as used in previous campaigns. Umpire
samples will continue to be sent to an independent laboratory in either Burkina Faso or Côte
d'Ivoire.
The sampling and assaying are monitored through the implementation of a quality assurance –
quality control (QA-QC) program. The QA-QC program was audited by an independent
international consultant in 2019 and consequently designed to follow industry best practices.
Current exploration practices are appropriate to the deposits being evaluated. All historical data
has been assessed for accuracy and incorporated into the database and was found acceptable
for use in geological and mineral resource evaluations.

1.3 Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves

Mineral Resources
The total Mineral Resource estimate for the Ity Gold Mine as at 31 December 2019 is reported
for each of the individual deposits in Table 1-1 below and includes:
• Measured Mineral Resources totalling 10.3Mt grading 1.02g/tAu for contained metal of
337koz;
• Indicated Mineral Resources totalling 68.1Mt grading 1.61g/tAu for contained metal of
3,514kozAu; and
• Inferred Mineral Resources totalling 18.0Mt grading 1.35g/tAu for contained metal of
780kozAu.
Furthermore, in reviewing the Mineral Resource statements as reported herein the following
notes should also be considered:
• The Mineral Resources have an effective date of 31 December 2019;
• The Qualified Persons responsible for the reporting of the Mineral Resources as at 31
December 2019 are:
− Kevin Harris (CPG), Vice President Resources, Endeavour Mining Corporation who was
responsible for the following deposits, Colline Sud Deposit and the Le Plaque Deposit.,
− Mark Zammit (MAIG), Principal Consultant, Cube Consulting Pty Ltd who was
responsible for all Mineral Resources for the Ity deposits (except Colline Sud and Le

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Plaque deposits);
• All Mineral Resources are reported within an optimised shell generated assuming a long-
term gold price of US$1,500/oz and an in-situ cut-off grade of 0.5g/tAu with the exception of
Zia NE, Aires and Verse Ouest & Teckraie (see deposit specific statements);
• Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability; and
• The Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources are inclusive of those Mineral Resources
modified to produce Mineral Reserves.

Table 1-1: Ity Gold Mine Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019)
Classification & Deposit Tonnage Grade Content
(kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu)
Measured
Mont Ity/Flat/Walter 1,953 1.69 106
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 2,879 0.95 88
Aires Leach Pads 1,476 0.80 38
Stockpiles 3,955 0.83 105
Subtotal 10,263 1.02 337
Indicated
Mont Ity/Flat/Walter 7,757 1.72 429
Zia NE 7,206 1.03 238
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 6,015 1.01 196
Daapleu 26,276 1.49 1,256
Gbéitouo 2,865 1.35 124
Aires Leach Pads 3,555 1.03 118
Bakatouo 8,834 2.15 611
Collin Sud 958 2.14 66
Le Plaque 4,628 3.20 476
Subtotal 68,093 1.61 3,514
Measured + Indicated
Mont Ity/Flat/Walter 9,710 1.71 535
Zia NE 7,206 1.03 238
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 8,894 0.99 284
Daapleu 26,276 1.49 1,256
Gbéitouo 2,865 1.35 124
Aires Leach Pads 5,031 0.96 156
Bakatouo 8,834 2.15 611
Collin Sud 958 2.14 66
Le Plaque 4,628 3.20 476
Stockpiles 3,955 0.83 105
Total 78,356 1.53 3,851
Inferred
Mont Ity/Flat/Walter 9,662 1.35 418
Zia NE 5,214 1.14 191
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 761 0.84 21
Daapleu 643 0.90 19
Gbéitouo 270 1.50 13
Bakatouo 561 2.27 41
Collin Sud 419 2.08 28
Le Plaque 502 3.08 50
Subtotal 18,032 1.35 780

Mineral Reserves
Table 1-2 below provides the audited Mineral Reserve Statement for the Ity Gold Mine as at 31
December 2019 which are reported in accordance with the guidelines and terminology provided
in the CIM Standards. This reflects the ore planned to be mined and simply comprises that
portion of the Mineral Resource reported in Section 14., inclusive of mining dilution and allowing
for mining losses, within the designed pit outlines discussed in this Section 15 of this Technical
Report
The total Mineral Reserves reports a total of 62.1Mt grading 1.57g/tAu for total contained metal
of 3,144kozAu comprising:
• Proven Mineral Reserves of 9.4Mt grading 1.05g/tAu with contained metal of 318kozAu; and
• Probable Mineral Reserves of 52.7Mt grading 1.67g/tAu with contained metal of
2,825kozAu.

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Table 1-3 presents the detailed subdivision of Mineral Reserves as at 31 December 2019
inclusive of subdivisions for oxide, transitional and fresh ore types. Furthermore, in reviewing
the Mineral Reserve statements as reported herein the following notes should also be
considered:
• The Mineral Reserves have an effective date of 31 December 2019;
• The Qualified Person responsible for the reporting of the Mineral Resources as at 31
December 2019 is Salih Ramazan (FAusIMM), Vice President Mine Planning, Endeavour
Mining Corporation who was responsible for the estimation and reporting of all Mineral
Reserves reported for the Ity Gold Mine;
• All Mineral Reserves are reported assuming a long-term gold price assumption of
US$1,300/oz; and
• Details relating to the various modifying factors and deposit specific cut-off grades are
reported in Section 15.2 of this Technical Report.
This Mineral Reserve has changed from 2018 with optimisations and minor changes to Mont
Ity / Ity Flat, Walter pits, Colline-Sud optimisation and design change, and Le Plaque pit which
was added to the Mineral Reserve.

Table 1-2: Ity Gold Mine Mineral Reserve (sub-divided by deposit) as at 31 December
2019
Classification & Deposit Tonnage Grade Content
(kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu)
Proven
Mont Ity/Flat 936 2.03 61
Walter 943 1.25 38
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 2,590 0.99 83
Aires Leach Pads 1,003 0.99 32
Stockpiles 3,947 0.82 105
Subtotal 9,419 1.05 318
Probable
Mont Ity/Flat 4,041 1.94 253
Walter 1,600 1.37 71
Zia NE 6,359 1.09 223
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 5,491 1.04 183
Daapleu 15,958 1.71 880
Gbéitouo 2,630 1.29 109
Aires Leach Pads 2,883 1.18 109
Bakatouo 7,773 2.24 560
Collin Sud 450 1.64 24
Le Plaque 5,508 2.34 415
Subtotal 52,692 1.67 2,825
Ore Reserves
Mont Ity/Flat 4,977 1.96 314
Walter 2,543 1.33 108
Zia NE 6,359 1.09 223
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 8,080 1.02 266
Daapleu 15,958 1.71 880
Gbéitouo 2,630 1.29 109
Aires Leach Pads 3,887 1.13 141
Bakatouo 7,773 2.24 560
Collin Sud 450 1.64 24
Le Plaque 5,508 2.34 415
Stockpiles 3,947 0.82 105
Total 62,111 1.57 3,144

Table 1-3: Ity Gold Mine Mineral Reserve (subdivided by weathering type) as at 31
December 2019
Classification Oxide Transitional Sulphide
& Deposit Tonnage Grade Content Tonnage Grade Content Tonnage Grade Content
(kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu) (kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu) (kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu)
Proven
Mont Ity/Flat 259 2.20 18 288 2.29 21 388 1.72 22
Walter 629 1.35 27 215 1.12 8 100 0.86 3
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 2,590 0.99 83 - - - - - -
Aires Leach Pads 1,003 0.99 32 - - - - - -
Stockpiles 3,561 0.84 96 114 0.69 3 271 0.68 6
Subtotal 8,042 0.99 257 617 1.59 31 759 1.24 30

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Classification Oxide Transitional Sulphide

& Deposit Tonnage Grade Content Tonnage Grade Content Tonnage Grade Content
(kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu) (kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu) (kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu)
Probable
Mont Ity/Flat 301 2.21 21 1,398 2.42 109 2,341 1.63 123
Walter 639 1.30 27 593 1.48 28 368 1.34 16
Zia NE 3,081 1.20 119 2,267 1.00 73 1,011 0.97 32
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 5,491 1.04 183 - - - - - -
Daapleu 414 1.07 14 448 1.40 20 15,096 1.74 845
Gbéitouo 969 1.29 40 59 1.37 3 1,602 1.28 66
Aires Leach Pads 2,883 1.18 109 - - - - - -
Bakatouo 744 2.30 55 854 3.16 87 6,176 2.11 418
Collin Sud 392 1.61 20 57 1.60 3 1 10.13 0
Le Plaque 993 1.96 63 508 2.40 39 4,007 2.43 313
Subtotal 13,777 1.16 513 4,766 1.52 232 20,419 1.65 1,081
Ore Reserves
Mont Ity/Flat 561 2.20 40 1,687 2.40 130 2,730 1.64 144
Walter 1,267 1.33 54 808 1.38 36 468 1.23 19
Zia NE 3,081 1.20 119 2,267 1.00 73 1,011 0.97 32
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 8,080 1.02 266 - - - - - -
Daapleu 414 1.07 14 448 1.40 20 15,096 1.74 845
Gbéitouo 969 1.29 40 59 1.37 3 1,602 1.28 66
Aires Leach Pads 3,887 1.13 141 - - - - - -
Bakatouo 744 2.30 55 854 3.16 87 6,176 2.11 418
Collin Sud 392 1.61 20 57 1.60 3 1 10.13 0
Le Plaque 993 1.96 63 508 2.40 39 4,007 2.43 313
Stockpiles 3,561 0.84 96 114 0.69 3 271 0.68 6
Total 23,947 1.18 907 6,802 1.80 393 31,362 1.83 1,844

1.4 Mining and Processing

Construction of the CIL plant was launched in September 2017 and completed under budget
and ahead of schedule with the first gold pour occurring on March 18, 2019. Previous mining
at Ity consisted of conventional open pit with heap leach ore processing. By the end of 2018
the heap leach facility wound up operations to pave the way for the commencement of the CIL
plant. In 2019 the heap leach facilities were dismantled and removed. The process plant design
for the Ity CIL plant is based on a robust metallurgical flowsheet designed for optimum recovery
with minimum operating costs. The flowsheet was constructed from unit operations that are
well proven in the industry and at Endeavour’s Agbaou and Houndé Gold Mines. The Ity CIL
plant processes oxide, transition and fresh ore with variable ore characteristics, gold grades
and metallurgical treatment requirements. The primary ores are significantly more competent
than the oxide ores. The flowsheet includes a single stage jaw crusher, two stage SAG/ball
milling comminution circuit, gravity concentration for removal of coarse gold, pre-leach
thickener, CIL circuit comprising eight tanks, split Anglo (AARL) elution circuit, electrowinning,
gold smelting and tailings detoxification.
Following the commissioning of the 4.0Mtpa plant in April 2019, Endeavour launched
optimization and de-bottlenecking work to do a volumetric increase of the plant capacity by 25%
to 5.0Mtpa. Integration of components to achieve the increased throughput was carried out
during the scheduled maintenance downtime with the plant achieving an annualized throughput
exceeding 5.0Mtpa in November 2019.
As part of the volumetric upgrade, capacity of the following items was increased: variable speed
drives for the primary apron feeder, vibrating grizzly, and lime screw feeder, tailings pumping
and decant return, high pressure gland water supply, tailings pumping and a second 50t
capacity oxygen plant. Planned upgrades to the tailings storage facility in line with LoM are
ongoing.
For CIL operations, the selected mining approach is conventional open pit excavator-truck
operation with the production unit operations split between contractor drilling, blasting and
grade control and owner equipment and personnel for loading, hauling and dumping. The
mining fleet consists of larger capacity 90t dump trucks and 120t class backhoe excavators.
The 40t articulated dump trucks are still utilized depending on pit and dump conditions, in

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particular, during the wet season. Ore and waste production rates are monitored, and material
reconciliation are carried out continuously for the pit areas in production.
The production, drilling and blasting operations are carried out on 5m benches. A half bench
height (flitch) of 2.5m is mined in ore and waste to achieve a high degree of selectivity in loading
and hauling operations. The highly weathered zone (clays and laterites) and transitional zone
with a density below 2.0t/m3 are amenable to free digging. Emulsion is used in both wet and
dry blasting for efficiency.
Various contracts were awarded following a competitive bidding process for CIL operations,
prices are within the industry range and comparable to other operations in Côte d'Ivoire or West
Africa. Endeavour separately contracts the drilling of blast holes and the supply of explosives
and blasting accessories to an approved explosives supplier, who in addition to the supply of
primary explosives and blasting accessories, provides mixing equipment and technical blasting
advice when needed.
Grade control drilling is carried out by a drilling contractor and the samples are tested in the
onsite laboratory. Sampling commences with grade control drilling ahead of the mining front,
aimed at assisting the short to medium term mine planning process. Grade control is based on
138mm diameter RC drilling using a pattern of 12.5m x 6m for 36m deep holes (30m vertical)
with 1.0m vertical sampling intervals. The holes are angled 50-55 degrees from the hanging
wall side of the ore zones to provide a good intersection with the mineralized structures.
In 2019, a total of 5.7Mt of ore was mined at an average grade of 1.5g/tAu containing 269kozAu
of gold.

1.5 Mine Infrastructure

The Tailings Storage Facility (“TSF”) for the CIL plant has been designed for a total capacity of
57Mt at an average annual throughput rate of 5Mtpa. The facility was designed by Knight
Piésold who has also been involved with QA-QC activities on site throughout construction
and has a 20% design margin on tonnage placed. The Ity TSF is located adjacent to the
processing facility and forms part of the original project design and capital budget. Decant fluids
are not suitable for release to the environment and are pumped back to the plant. As per Knight
Piésold’s design, the TSF is made of compacted soil liner, overlain by HDPE geomembrane
liner over the entire basin area (including embankment face), a system of finger and collector
drains within low lying areas of the TSF basin, and a leakage collection and recovery system
(“LCRS”) installed beneath the basin liner. Closure at the end of the mine life will require
covering the surface with 0.3m low permeability mine waste and 0.2m of topsoil. The facility is
designed to be raised in annual stages over the mine life using downstream embankment
construction techniques. The latest audit of the TSF was conducted by Knight Piésold in August
2019 and no points of material concern were noted in its report.
Power for the CIL plant is provided via a connection to the national grid at Danané,
approximately 58km from site. A 90kV single circuit lattice tower transmission overhead line
connects Ity to the national grid. The connection supplies the main HV switch room inside the
processing plant from which power is distributed. Backup power is available onsite from 16
Caterpillar high speed diesel generators with a total power rating of 21MW, providing 100%
redundancy of power supply to the CIL operations.

1.6 Environmental
Several environmental studies were conducted over the past 15 years. The most recent
environmental and social impact assessment (“ESIA”) was for the CIL Project and was
published in March 2016.

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Three environmental permits have been granted covering the mining and process plant,
Daapleu and Gbéitouo exploitation and mining and surface infrastructure.
In 2018 a resettlement action plan (RAP) for the resettlement of Daapleu village was completed
and successfully implemented. A total of 85 houses were built, relocating about 1,000 people
from six villages. The new village opened in October 2018 and has solar streetlights, five water
wells, a community centre, a school and six housing units for teachers.
Livelihood restoration programmes for project affected households and villages have also been
created. In 2019, local women and youth associations received funding and support for the
creation of income-generating activities such as fish farming, cassava processing, chicken
farming and soap manufacturing.

1.7 Life of Mine Plan

The current Life-of-Mine plan which underpins the current Mineral Reserves indicates the
following key salient statistics:
• Total gold production and gold sales of 2,560koz and 2,558koz respectively;
• Total sales revenue of US$3,324.8m derived assuming a constant real (1 January 2020)
money terms gold price of US$1,300/oz;
• Total operating expenditure (post capitalisation) of US$1,633.1m (real money terms 1
January 2020);
• Total capital expenditure of US$423.1m comprising sustaining capital, capitalised operating
expenditures, and mine closure (real money terms 1 January 2020). In addition to this the
lease repayments and other outflows amount to US$39.7m which are assumed to be
expended from 2020 through 2023 inclusive;
• LoM weighted average unit mining, processing and G&A related operating expenditures (pre
capitalisation) of US$2.67/tmined, US$11.41/tmilled and US$4.28/tmilled respectively; and
• LoM weighted average unit cash costs and AISC of US$591/oz and US$793/oz reported on
a sales basis.

1.8 Recommendations
Section 26. includes several recommendations relating to the 31 December Mineral Resource
and Mineral Reserve statements as reported herein. These recommendations are drawn from
the underlying technical sections and reproduced in Section 26, accordingly these are not
reproduced in this Summary.

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2 INTRODUCTION
2.1 Terms of Reference
The focus of this Technical Report is limited to the two Exploitation Permits (see Section 4.2)
which comprise the Ity Gold Mine and expressly excludes all other Exploration Permits held by
Endeavour Mining Corporation’s other operating subsidiaries.
This Technical Report has been prepared in accordance with the Regulatory Technical Report
Standards and Reporting Standard (together the “Requirements”) by the following Qualified
Persons:
• Salih Ramazan, who is a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
(“AusIMM”) and responsible for the overall report and the Mineral Reserves for Ity Gold Mine
reported with effective date of 31 December 2019 as reported herein. Salih Ramazan is the
Vice President Mine Planning and is an employee of Endeavour Mining Corporation.
Furthermore, Salih Ramazan is the Qualified Person responsible for authoring Section 15
and 16 of this Technical Report and has also relied on various other experts for input to
Section 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26 and 27. Salih Ramazan has
been working for Endeavour on a 6 weeks work and 3 weeks off rotation since 15th of April
2019. During his work he has visited Ity Gold Mine in 2019 including: April (April 21 to May
20), July (July 1 to July 7) and September (September 2 to 13) to support the site in mine
planning work;
• Gérard de Hert, who is a European Geologist (EurGeol – European Federation of
Geologists) is responsible as the Qualified Person for the following sections in this Technical
Report, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 23. Gérard de Hert is the Senior Vice President Exploration and
is an employee of Endeavour Mining Corporation. Gérard de Hert undertook site visits to
Ity Gold Mine on 21 to 23 January 2020;
• Kevin Harris, who is a Chartered Professional Geologist (“CPG”) is responsible for all
aspects relating to the declaration of Mineral Resources for the Colline Sud Deposit and the
Le Plaque Deposit with effective date of 31 December 2019. Kevin Harris is the Qualified
Person responsible for the following Sections: 10, 11, 12, and Section 14 in relation to the
aforementioned deposits. Kevin Harris is the Vice President Resources and is an employee
of Endeavour Mining Corporation. Kevin Harris undertook multiple site visits to Ity Gold Mine
with the most recent being on 29 to 31 January 2019; and
• Mark Zammit is a member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists (“MAIG”) and
responsible for all aspects relating to the declaration of Mineral Resources for all Ity deposits
(except Colline Sud and Le Plaque deposits) with effective date of 31 December 2019. Mark
Zammit is the Qualified Person responsible for the following Sections: 14 in relation to the
aforementioned deposits. Mark Zammit is a Principal Consultant and is an employee of
Cube Consulting Pty Ltd. Mark Zammit undertook site visits to Ity Gold Mine with the most
recent visit occurring on 17 to 23 January 2019.

Regulatory Technical Report Standard

This Technical Report has been prepared in accordance with the following:
• “National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects” (“NI 43-101”);
• “Companion Policy 43-101CP to National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for
Mineral Projects”, (the “Companion Policy”);
• “Form 43-101F1 Technical Report Table of Contents” (“Form 43-101F1”); and
• “National Instrument 14-101 Definitions” (“14-101 Definitions”).

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Reporting Standard
The Reporting Standard adopted for the reporting of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves
as reported in this Technical Report is the “CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and
Reserves” prepared by the CIM Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions and adopted by
CIM Council on May 10, 2014 (the “CIM Definition Standards”) which are incorporated by
reference into National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI-
43-101”.
Furthermore, the Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserves as reported herein have also been
prepared in accordance with the “CIM Estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves
Best Practice Guidelines” prepared by the CIM Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve
Committee and adopted by the CIM Council on November 29, 2019 (the “CIM Best Practice
Guidelines”).
In accordance with the exemptions afforded to producing issuers as stipulated in Form-
101F1,“the information required under Item 22 for technical reports on properties
currently in production” is excluded as Endeavour believes that this Technical Report does
not include “a material expansion of current production”.
Table 2-1 provides a direct cross reference between the specific ‘Items’ referenced in Form 43-
101F1 and this Technical Report.

Table 2-1: Technical Report and Form 43-101F1 cross reference

Form 43-101F1 Section Title Technical Report Section Responsible QP
Item 1 Summary 1 Salih Ramazan
Item 2 Introduction 2 Salih Ramazan
Item 3 Reliance on Other Experts 3 Salih Ramazan
Item 4 Property, Description and Location 4 Gérard de Hert
Item 5 Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography 5 Gérard de Hert
Item 6 History 6 Gérard de Hert
Item 7 Geological Setting and Mineralisation 7 Gérard de Hert
Item 8 Deposit Types 8 Gérard de Hert
Item 9 Exploration 9 Gérard de Hert
Item 10 Drilling 10 Kevin Harris
Item 11 Sample Preparation and Security 11 Kevin Harris
Item 12 Data Verification 12 Kevin Harris/Mark Zammit(1, 2)
Item 13 Mineral Processing and Metallurgical testing 13 Salih Ramazan
Item 14 Mineral Resources 14 Kevin Harris/Mark Zammit(1, 2)
Item 15 Mineral Reserves 15 Salih Ramazan
Item 16 Mining Methods 16 Salih Ramazan
Item 17 Recovery Methods 17 Salih Ramazan
Item 18 Infrastructure 18 Salih Ramazan
Item 19 Market Studies and Contracts 19 Salih Ramazan
Item 20 Environmental Studies, Permitting and Social or Community Impact 20 Salih Ramazan
Item 21 Capital and Operating Expenditure 21 Salih Ramazan
(3)
Item 22 Economic Analysis 22 Salih Ramazan
Item 23 Adjacent Properties 23 Gérard de Hert
Item 24 Other Relevant data and Information 24 Salih Ramazan
Item 25 Interpretation and Conclusions 25 Salih Ramazan
Item 26 Recommendations 26 Salih Ramazan
Item 27 References 27 Salih Ramazan
(1)
Kevin Harris is the responsible Qualified Person for the referenced Items in relation to Colline Sud Deposit and the Le Plaque Deposit.
(2)
Mark Zammit is the responsible Qualified Person for the referenced Items in relation to all Ity deposits (except Colline Sud and Le Plaque deposits).
(3)
In accordance with the exemptions afforded to producing issuers as stipulated in Form-101F1,”the information required under Item 22 for technical reports
on properties currently in production” is excluded as Endeavour believes that Technical Report does not include “a material expansion of current
production”.

The Qualified Persons believe that the opinion as expressed herein must be considered as a
whole and that selecting portions of the analysis or factors considered by it, without considering
all factors and analyses together, could create a misleading view of the process underlying the
opinions presented in this Technical Report.
The Qualified Persons opinions given in this document with respect to the 31 December 2019
Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve statements (the “2019 Statements”), the Life-of-Mine
plans (“LoMps”) and accompanying technical-economic parameters (“TEPs”), the
Environmental and Social Liabilities are effective as at the date of publication and are based on
information generated as part of Endeavour’s annual resource and mine planning process,
which in turn reflects various technical-economic conditions prevailing at the date of this report
and expectations regarding the gold price and exchange rates prevailing as at the date of

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declaration of the 2019 Statements. These and the underlying TEPs, comprising projections of
production, sales, sales revenue, operating and capital expenditures can change significantly
over relatively short periods of time. Should these change materially the 2019 Statements, the
LoMps and accompanying TEPs and the Environmental and Social Liabilities could be
materially different in these changed circumstances.
This Technical Report includes technical information, which requires subsequent calculations
to derive subtotals, totals and weighted averages. Such calculations may involve a degree of
rounding and consequently introduce an error. Where such errors occur, the Qualified Persons
do not consider them to be material.

Assistance in sourcing information

The following individuals have assisted the QPs through the provision of information and
assistance. For the avoidance of doubt, the QPs acknowledge and accept sole responsibility
for this Technical Report and expressly do not place reliance on any other individuals named
below:
• Mining Equipment and Asset Replacement: Spencer Osborne is an employee of Endeavour
and is also the Vice President for Mining. Spencer has 19 years’ experience and holds the
following qualifications: B.Eng. Civil Engineering; M.Sc. Engineering Geology and is also a
Chartered Civil Engineer;
• Mining Geotechnics and Mining Hydrogeology: Charles Mkandawire is an employee of
Endeavour and is also the Group Senior Geotechnical Engineer. Charles has 28 years’
experience and holds the following qualifications: MSc (Geotech Engineering) (1996); BSc
Geology (1989) and Chamber of Mines Certificate in Rock Mechanics (1989) and Mining
Geotechnics (2018);
• Mineral Processing: Clinton Bennett is an employee of Endeavour and is also the Vice
President for Metallurgy. Clinton Bennett has 21 years’ experience and holds the following
qualifications: BSc (Hons) (1999); PhD (Extractive Met - 2003); MSc (Mineral Economics-
2010);
• Tailings Management and Infrastructure (on-mine and off-mine): Mathew Berden is an
employee of Endeavour and is the Director of the Project Services Group and has 16 years’
experience. Mathew holds a Bachelor of Engineering Degree (2005);
• Environmental and Social: Messouho Diomande who is an employee of Endeavour and is
the Environmental Superintendent for Ity Gold Mine. Messouho is directly responsible for
Environmental permitting, ISO 14001 and ISO 45001 systems implementation and audits,
World Bank Safeguard policies, progressive rehabilitation; waste management, biodiversity
management, environmental monitoring; and preventive safety activities. Messouho has 8
years’ experience and holds the following qualifications: Degree in Health, Safety &
Environment; and Management Development Programme (MDP) Certificate;
• Environmental and Social: Moustapha Coulibaly is an employee of Endeavour and is the
Group Corporate Social Responsibility Manager. Moustapha has 10 years’ experience and
holds the following qualifications: Masters Degree in Economics (2005);
• Environmental and Social, Occupational Health and Safety: Lee Bouckaert is an employee
of Endeavour and is the Vice President - Health, Safety and Environment. Lee has 30 years’
experience in the mining industry and holds the following qualifications: Trade Cert (Metal –
1990); Post Grad (Heath & Safety 2007); Cert IV (Environmental Management 2009); and
RABQSA (Lead Auditor 2010);

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• Occupational Health and Safety: Aicha Nathalie Nebie is an employee of Endeavour and is
the HSE Manager for Ity Gold Mine. Nathalie is directly responsible for all Health, Safety
and Environment for following key areas: health, safety and environment management;
training, emergency management, waste management, environmental monitoring, first aid
and firefighting, medical centre management. Nathalie has 8 years of experience and holds
the following qualifications: Master Degree in Environmental Management; Bachelor
Degree in Business Management; a National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and
Health International General Certificate; and Management Development Programme (MDP)
Certificate;
• Legal and Permitting: Julie Blot is an employee of Endeavour and is the Group’s West Africa
Legal and Public Affairs Counsel. Julie has 6 years’ experience and is qualified as a lawyer
(bar exam); and
• Economic Analysis: Christopher Dollman who is an employee of Endeavour and is the
Corporate Finance Manager for Endeavour. Christopher Dollman is responsible for
corporate finance activities at Endeavour and has 8 years’ experience and is a Member of
the Institute of Chartered Accountants for England and Wales (“ICAEW”).
In addition to the above other experts, SRK Consulting (UK) Limited (“SRK”) has assisted
Endeavour and the Qualified Persons in collating certain information as included in this
Technical Report as part of a wider review of all of the mineral assets of Endeavour. The
individuals from SRK involved in assisting Endeavour in this regard are:
• Dr Iestyn Humphreys a Corporate Consultant and Practice Leader with SRK, who is a Fellow
of the Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining (“FIMMM”) and has 30 years’ experience in
the mining and metals industry; and
• Dr Lucy Roberts a Chartered Professional Member of the Australian Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy (“AusIMM”) and has 21 years’ experience in the mining and metals industry.

2.2 Endeavour Mining Corporation

Endeavour Mining Corporation was incorporated on July 25, 2002 under the laws of the
Cayman Islands under the name Endeavour Mining Capital Corp. On July 16, 2008 it changed
its name to Endeavour Financial Corporation and then on September 14, 2010 it changed its
name to Endeavour Mining Corporation (hereinafter “Endeavour” or the “Company” or the
“Group”). Endeavour’s registered office is located at 27 Hospital Road, George Town, Grand
Cayman, Cayman Islands. Its corporate office is located at 5 Young Street, London, United
Kingdom and its executive office is located at 7 Boulevard des Moulins, Monaco. Endeavour's
ordinary shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the symbol “EDV” and
quoted in the United States on OTCQX International under the symbol “EDVMF”. As at March
1, 2020, the intercorporate relationships between Endeavour and its material subsidiaries, the
percentage ownership of the voting securities of each material subsidiary and their respective
jurisdictions of incorporation are set out below in Figure 2-1.

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Figure 2-1: Endeavour Corporate Structure

Endeavour is an intermediate gold producer focused on developing and operating a portfolio of

high quality low-cost, long-life mines in West Africa. With its technical teams based in proximity
to its mines, Endeavour has established a solid track record of successful exploration, project
development and operational management in the highly prospective Birimian greenstone belt.
Endeavour’s strategy is premised on four strategic levers which serve as a blueprint for creating
sustainable value over the long term: operational excellence; project development; unlocking
exploration value; portfolio and balance sheet management.
As of March 1, 2020, Endeavour’s mining operations comprised the Ity Gold Mine and the
Agbaou Gold Mine located in Côte d’Ivoire, the “Houndé Gold Mine” and the Karma Gold Mine
located in the Republic of Burkina Faso (“Burkina Faso”). Endeavour also has an extensive
exploration portfolio (totalling approximately 6,000km2) in Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, the
Republic of Mali and the Republic of Guinea. Endeavour considers the Ity Gold Mine and the
Houndé Gold Mine to be its material properties.

2.3 Ity Gold Mine: historical operating statistics, Mineral Resources and
Mineral Reserves and LoMp
Table 2-2: Ity Gold Mine: historical operating statistics post commissioning of the
CIL
Statistic Units 2019
Production
Stripping Ratio (twaste:tore) 1.5
Mined (Mt) 14.1
Waste (Mt) 8.3
Ore (Mt) 5.7
(g/tAu) 1.5
(kozAu) 269
Milled (Mt) 3.7
(g/tAu) 1.9
(kozAu) 221
Metallurgical Recovery (%) 86.2
Recovered (kozAu) 190
Sales
Sold (kozAu) 184
(US$/oz) 1,427
(US$m) 262.0
Operating Expenditure
Mining (US$m) (45.8)
direct (US$m) (45.8)
fleet maintenance (US$m) -

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Statistic Units 2019

Processing (US$m) (43.4)
Direct (US$m) (43.4)
Maintenance (US$m) -
G&A (US$m) (14.7)
Site (US$m) (9.9)
Regional (US$m) (4.8)
Realisation and By-product Credit (US$m) 1.1
Royalty (US$m) (10.3)
Capitalised (US$m) 0.4
Total (US$m) (112.6)
Capital Exp.
Growth (US$m) (1.4)
Sustaining (US$m) (0.0)
Capitalisation (US$m) (0.4)
Working Capital (US$m) 40.6
Exploration (US$m) -
Total (US$m) 38.7
Other
Lease Re-Payments (US$m) (8.8)
Total (US$m) (8.8)

Table 2-3: Ity Gold Mine: historical unit operating expenditures post commissioning
of the CIL
Statistic Units 2019
Cash Cost (US$/oz) 557
AISC (US$/oz) 616
Royalty (%) 3.92
Mining (US$/BCM) 3.93
(US$/tmined) 3.26
Processing (US$/tproc) 11.75
G&A - site (US$/tproc) 2.68
G&A- regional (US$/oz) 26.2
Sustaining (US$/tproc) 0.01

The total Mineral Resource estimate for the Ity Gold Mine as at 31 December 2019 is reported
for each of the individual deposits includes:
• Measured Mineral Resources totalling 10.3Mt grading 1.02g/tAu for contained metal of
337koz;
• Indicated Mineral Resources totalling 68.1Mt grading 1.61g/tAu for contained metal of
3,514kozAu; and
• Inferred Mineral Resources totalling 18.0Mt grading 1.35g/tAu for contained metal of
780kozAu.
Furthermore, in reviewing the Mineral Resource statements as reported herein the following
notes should also be considered:
• The Mineral Resources have an effective date of 31 December 2019;
• The Qualified Persons responsible for the reporting of the Mineral Resources as at 31
December 2019 are:
− Kevin Harris (CPG), Vice President Resources, Endeavour Mining Corporation who was
responsible for the following deposits, Colline Sud Deposit and the Le Plaque Deposit,
− Mark Zammit (MAIG), Principal Consultant, Cube Consulting Pty Ltd who was
responsible for all Mineral Resources for the Ity deposits (except Colline Sud and Le
Plaque deposits);
• All Mineral Resources are reported within an optimised shell generated assuming a long-
term gold price of US$1,500/oz and an in-situ cut-off grade of 0.5g/tAu with the exception of
Zia NE, Aires and Verse Ouest & Teckraie (see deposit specific statements);
• Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability; and
• The Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources are inclusive of those Mineral Resources
modified to produce Mineral Reserves.
The total Mineral Reserves reports a total of 62.1Mt grading 1.57g/tAu for total contained metal
of 3,144kozAu comprising:

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• Proven Mineral Reserves of 9.4Mt grading 1.05g/tAu with contained metal of 318kozAu; and
• Probable Mineral Reserves of 52.7Mt grading 1.67g/tAu with contained metal of
2,825kozAu.
Furthermore, in reviewing the Mineral Reserve statements as reported herein the following
notes should also be considered:
• The Mineral Reserves have an effective date of 31 December 2019;
• The Mineral Reserves are reported in accordance with the guidelines and terminology
provided in the CIM Standard;The Qualified Person responsible for the reporting of the
Mineral Reserves as at 31 December 2019 is Salih Ramazan (FAusIMM), Vice President
Mine Planning, Endeavour Mining Corporation who was responsible for the estimation and
reporting of all Mineral Reserves reported for the Ity Gold Mine;
• All Mineral Reserves are reported assuming a long-term gold price assumption of
US$1,300/oz; and
• Details relating to the various modifying factors and deposit specific cut-off grades are
reported in Section 15.2 of this Technical Report.
The current Life-of-Mine plan which underpins the current Mineral Reserves indicates the
following key salient statistics:
• Total gold production and gold sales of 2,560koz and 2,558koz respectively;
• Total sales revenue of US$3,324.8m derived assuming a constant real (1 January 2020)
money terms gold price of US$1,300/oz;
• Total operating expenditure (post capitalisation) of US$1,633.1m (real money terms 1
January 2020);
• Total capital expenditure of US$423.1m comprising sustaining capital, capitalised operating
expenditures, and mine closure (real money terms 1 January 2020). In addition to this the
lease repayments and other outflows amount to US$39.7m which are assumed to be
expended from 2020 through 2023 inclusive;
• LoM weighted average unit mining, processing and G&A related operating expenditures (pre
capitalisation) of US$2.67/tmined, US$11.41/tmilled and US$4.28/tmilled respectively; and
• LoM weighted average unit cash costs and AISC of US$591/oz and US$793/oz reported on
a sales basis.

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3 RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS

This Technical Report has been authored by the Qualified Persons. Whilst certain individuals
have provided information to the Qualified Persons, the Qualified Persons are not placing
reliance on any other experts as referenced in the Requirements.

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4 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION

4.1 Property Description
The Ity deposits are all part of the mining property of Société des Mines d'Ity ("SMI") and Société
des Mines de Daapleu (“SMD”) in Côte d'Ivoire and are centred on 06°52’16’’north latitude and
08°06’30” west longitude. Côte d'Ivoire is located in West Africa at the extreme west of the Gulf
of Guinea and is bordered by Ghana in the east, Mali and Burkina Faso in the north and Guinea
and Liberia in the west. The Ity gold deposits are located in western Côte d'Ivoire, 480km from
the economic capital of Abidjan, near the border with Liberia and Guinea.
The Ity Mine is located in the prefecture of ZOUAN-HOUNIEN. The project site is accessible
via paved road from Abidjan, passing through the capital Yamoussoukro, Daloa and Duekoué.
It is also accessible by plane from Abidjan to Man and then from Man to the site by bus operated
by SMI. From Duekoué, two roads access the project from both north and south. The north
access is through Man and then on to Danané and Zouan–Hounien where a 15km unsealed
road maintained by SMI leads to the village of Ouyatouo. Southern access is through Guiglo
and Toulepleu. Refer to Figure 4-1.

Figure 4-1: Map of Côte d’Ivoire showing location of Ity Gold Mine

4.2 Permits and Agreements

Mining at Ity mine is undertaken on two concessions in two departments divided by the Cavally
River. These concessions correspond with two exploitation permits as follows:
• PE 26, which is also referred to as the “Ity exploitation permit” and is held by Société des
Mines d’Ity (SMI);

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• PE 49, which is also referred to as the “Daapleu and Gbéitouo exploitation permit” and is
held by Société des Mines de Daapleu (SMD).
The PE 26 permit was initially granted on 14 October 1989 as Decision No 197/Mines/DM and
was valid for four years. It was renewed 1993, 1997, 2005, 2007 and 2013. The licence has
been renewed consecutively, the current valid exploitation licence is 8-002/MIM/DGMG granted
on 28 August 2014 and it is valid until 14 November 2023.
The PE 49 permit was initially issued to La Mancha Côte d’Ivoire SARL (LMCI), a wholly owned
exploration subsidiary of Endeavour in April 2018 and then transferred to SMD on 10
September 2018 in Decision Notice 0126/MMG/DGMG. It expires on 11 April 2032.
The mining convention that corresponds with PE 26 was signed on 19 December 2014 by SMI
and State representatives (Ministers for Mining, Budget and Finance) and is effective from 1
January 2014 for 12 years.
The mining convention that corresponds with PE 49 was signed on 18 November 2019 by SMD
and the Ivory Coast Ministers for Mining, Budget and Finance. It is effective from 1 January
2019 for 12 years.
The application for PE-Floleu (Le Plaque) was submitted for approval on 10 February 2020
along with all required documentation.
Refer to Figure 4-2 showing each of the mining permits and permits under application.
The SMI and SMD mining conventions include numerous terms relating to environmental and
social management. Most of these terms correspond with provisions in the 2014 Mining Code.
The conventions require the operating companies to:
• Observe good governance principles, including the Equator Principles and EITI principles
and requirements;
• Submit EITI reports to government;
• Preferentially procure services from Ivorian firms;
• Develop and implement a training plan for Ivorian small and medium enterprises;
• Preferentially employ Ivorians – at least 80% (SMI) / 90% (SMD) of the workforce must be
Ivorian (if the skills are available in country);
• Provide professional training to locally recruited personnel, based on a training programme
and a budget for training;
• Contribute CFA 25,000,000 annually to a fund dedicated to the training of engineers,
geologists and other specialists necessary for the growth of the mining sector in the Ivory
Coast;
• Allow inspections by authorized government representatives to proceed;
• Allow public use of road created for the operation that are outside of the exploitation permit
area;
• Repair any roads that deteriorate as a result of operations;
• Establish a plan for community development in consultation with local communities;
• Contribute to a community development fund annually, the contributions should be based
on 0.5% of the turnover from the previous year;
• Comply with legislation protecting the environment and cultural heritage;
• Execute the rehabilitation and closure programme approved by the state;
• Make financial provision for closure through an escrow account with an Ivorian financial

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institution and a bank guarantee, provisions must be increased on an annual basis in

amounts proportional to the closure cost and life of mine as specified in the convention;
• Obtain approval from the Minister of Mines to fund rehabilitation activities from the account,
the activities and expenditure must be documented;
• Ensure financial provision in the escrow account is available to the State to undertake the
rehabilitation if the operator fails to do so;
• Comply with health and safety legislation;
• Display posters summarizing key health and safety legislation in conspicuous locations in
the workplace.

Figure 4-2: Map of Côte d’Ivoire showing location of Ity Gold Mine

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5 ACCESSABILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES,

INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY
5.1 Location and Access
The Ity licence area is situated in the south western region of Côte d’Ivoire, Africa, as shown in
Figure 4.1, and is approximately 35km from the Liberian border. Administratively it is located in
the prefecture of ZOUAN-HOUNIEN and Bloléquin.
Yamoussoukro, with a population of approximately 380,000 people is the political and
administrative capital of Côte d’Ivoire. Abidjan however with a population of approximately 4.8M
is the economic capital and gateway into the country and is located approximately 700 km by
road from the Ity Project site.
The Ity Mine is located in the prefecture of ZOUAN-HOUNIEN. The project site is accessible
via paved road from Abidjan, passing through the capital Yamoussoukro to Daloa and Duekoué.
From Duekoué, two roads access the project from both north and south. The north access is
through Man and then on to Danané and Zouan–Hounien where a 15 km unsealed road
maintained by SMI leads to the village of Ouyatouo. Southern access is through Guiglo and
Toulépleu.
Abidjan International Airport, also known as Port Bouët or Félix Houphouët-Boigny Airport,
receives daily international flights from other African countries, as well as flights to and from
Europe and the Middle East through Dubai. Multiple airlines are located at the Abidjan Airport
including Air France, Emirates and Ethiopian Airlines.
Since the construction of the new Ity CIL Project, the mine has been accessible by plane utilising
the Endeavour Aviation (“EDVA”) owned and operated Pilatius PC12 and PC6. The PC12 is
the prime passenger plane and able to carry 8 passengers, with a flight time of 1 hour, 15
minutes from Abidjan to the registered airstrip adjacent to the TSF at the mine. The service is
currently scheduled for 5 days per week though enables flexibility and multiple trips between
Abidjan and site daily depending on demand. Twice weekly flights are operated by the national
carrier Air Côte d’Ivoire from Abidjan to Man, the closest relatively large city near site with an
approximately population of 189,000, and approximately 250 km from site.

5.2 Local Resources and Infrastructure

The Ity Project site is located in a remote area of Côte d’Ivoire, and therefore road is the only
access to site. While considerable expenditure is occurring within Côte d’Ivoire on particularly
road and rail infrastructure, road conditions vary from good between Abidjan and
Yamoussoukro, with a progressive deterioration most notably close to site. A modern dual lane
tollway stretches approximately 230 km between Abidjan and the capital Yamoussoukro.
La Société des Energies de Côte d’Ivoire (CI-ENERGIES) own the National Interconnected
Power Transmission System in Côte d’Ivoire, and Compagnie Ivoiriennne d’Electricite (CIE)
manages the electricity generation and transmission network for the Government.
Power for the CIL project will be supplied via the installation of a 90 kV 58 km Overhead Power
Line (OHPL) from Danané Substation to site.

5.3 Physiography and Climate

Côte d’Ivoire and the regions of Cavally and Tonkpi in particular, are subject to an equatorial-
type transition climate. This climate is characterised by abundant rainfall averaging
approximately 1,500 to 2,400 mm annually, with relatively high humidity (annual average of
85%). The temperature is fairly constant throughout the year, at an average of 25°C, with a an
average high and low range of +/- 5°C of this. The duration of sunshine varies on average

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between 1,500 and 2,000 hours per year.

Operations are carried out year-round, however the Cavally river is a major feature at Ity, for
exploration, mining and processing activities. Consequently, per Table 5.1 and Figure 5.1
respectively, activities are planned around rainfall.
November to April represents the driest time of the year, though it is noted that 2019 in
particular, was a very wet year during the final months of plant commissioning. Exploration
drilling programmes and projects such as Tailings Dam lifts are co-ordinated to commence in
November and conclude by April to May at the latest. Many low-lying parts of the lease
immediately adjacent to the Cavally River become submerged during the wet season, requiring
the construction of protective bunds around the Bakatouo, Walter and Daapleu pits in particular.

Table 5-1: Ity Rainfall Records Average for 1990-2014, then annually thereafter
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Full Year
Ave 1990-2014 22.0 66.0 134.0 159.0 159.0 199.0 221.0 290.0 311.0 217.0 71.0 18.0 1,867
2015 22.0 82.7 68.9 125.2 96.5 165.1 164.6 296.5 221.8 245.1 93.8 8.5 1,591
2016 17.3 - 68.5 66.8 145.0 120.2 319.5 340.8 211.4 94.7 36.2 7.4 1,428
2017 2.0 33.5 66.8 112.5 233.6 291.8 161.8 332.1 321.3 125.9 80.6 23.0 1,785
2018 - 46.5 115.2 77.1 134.0 198.5 178.5 131.8 166.4 216.8 60.2 3.5 1,329
2019 - 32.0 111.0 239.0 190.0 187.0 147.0 478.0 357.0 224.0 119.0 62.0 2,146
2020 16.9 12.3 111.0

Average 11.5 39.0 96.5 129.9 159.7 193.6 198.7 311.5 264.8 187.3 76.8 20.4 1,691

% of annual ave. 1% 2% 6% 8% 9% 11% 12% 18% 16% 11% 5% 1%

DRY DRY MOD MOD MOD WET WET WET WET WET MOD DRY

Figure 5-1 Ity Rainfall Records Average for 1990-2014, then annually thereafter

Rainfalls 1990 to March 2020

600

500

400
mm

300

200

100

0
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Average 1990-2014 22 66 134 159 159 199 221 290 311 217 71 18
Ity Site 2015 22 82.7 68.9 125.2 96.5 165.07 164.6 296.49 221.76 245.1 93.8 8.5
Ity Site 2016 17.3 0 68.45 66.8 144.95 120.2 319.5 340.8 211.4 94.7 36.2 7.4
Ity Site 2017 2 33.5 66.8 112.5 233.6 291.8 161.8 332.1 321.3 125.9 80.6 23
Ity Site 2018 0 46.5 115.2 77.1 134 198.5 178.5 131.8 166.4 216.8 60.2 3.5
Ity Site 2019 0 32 111 239 190 187 147 478 357 224 119 62
Ity Site 2020 16.9 12.3 111
Average 1990-2020 11.5 39.0 96.5 129.9 159.7 193.6 198.7 311.5 264.8 187.3 76.8 20.4

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6 HISTORY
Ity has the longest history of any gold mine in Côte d’Ivoire and has produced more than 1.2
million ounces of gold in more than 25 years of production. Copper and gold were first
discovered near the village of Ity in the 1950's during exploration by the Bureau Minière de la
France d’Outre-Mer. Initial attempts to recover gold were not successful primarily due to the
fineness of gold and ore rheology.
In 1983 the Société Minière d’Ity (SMI) was incorporated to develop the Flotouo deposit which
poured it first gold in 1991. Substantial exploration was done in the 1990s and many of the
deposits were discovered or expanded at the time. Since then ownership has changed several
times until the La Mancha Group acquired a large stake in SMI in 2012. In 2014 a change in
shareholders was authorised by the Government of the Côte d’Ivoire leading to the current
ownership structure.
Endeavour currently operate the project using open pit mining methods and a heap leach
process for gold recovery.
A scoping study for the exploitation of the mineral resource using an alternative processing
route was conducted in 2013. In 2014, SNC-Lavalin Inc. (“SNC”) conducted a Pre-feasibility
Study (“PFS”) on behalf of Société Minière d’Ity (“SMI”) to evaluate the potential of a CIL plant
at a processing rate of 1.5Mtpa.
In 2014, a scoping study to replace the current heap leach plant with a greenfields CIL plant
was completed using a processing rate of 1.5Mt per annum based on indicated mineral
resources.
Following the positive results of this study, in late 2014 and early 2015 LM Group conducted
drilling programmes at the Daapleu, Zia NE, Bakatouo and Mont Ity deposits designed to
upgrade inferred material from the latest resource estimate to an indicated resource, as well as
to delineate each deposit further along strike. The resulting resource estimate update yielded
a significant increase in indicated mineral resources for all three areas, increasing measured
and indicated mineral resources to 3.1Moz. The updated resources and reserves lead to a pre-
feasibility study of the CIL Project completed in July 2015 using a processing rate of 2.0Mt per
annum.
Following the results of the pre-feasibility study and Endeavour's acquisition of the LM Group's
interest in SMI, Endeavour engaged Lycopodium Minerals to undertake a feasibility study. The
Ity CIL feasibility study (the “Ity CIL Feasibility Study”) was completed in October 2016 on the
basis of a 3.0Mt per annum plant. Following the publication of the Ity CIL Feasibility Study, an
optimization study (the “Ity Optimization Study”) was completed in September 2017 which
improved the project economics of the Ity CIL Feasibility Study due to the inclusion of additional
reserves and further upsizing the processing plant from 3.0Mt to 4.0Mt per year.
The first gold pour from the Ity CIL project took place on March 18, 2019, ahead of schedule
and under-budget. Following the completion of performance tests, Endeavour launched
optimization and debottlenecking work to do a volumetric increase of the plant capacity by
1.0Mtpa to 5.0Mtpa. These upgrades were completed in Q4 2019.
In 2019, the new CIL operation achieved record production of 190koz at $616/oz AISC. There
was a residual 3koz recovered at an AISC of US$1,086/oz from the old heap leach operation.
Plant feed is expected to be sourced from the Ity, Bakatouo and Daapleu pits while continuing
to be supplemented with lower grade historic dumps. As expected, a greater proportion of fresh
ore is planned to be processed in 2020 as mining elevations get deeper while processed grades
are expected to remain stable. Recoveries are expected to be lower in H1 2020 due to the

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processing of greater quantities of Daapleu fresh ore. Sustaining capital expenditure is

expected to be minimal at US$4m, mainly related to mid-life component change outs associated
with heavy mining equipment.
In 2020, Ity is expected to produce 235kozAu to 255kozAu at an AISC of US$630/oz to
U$675/oz.
An exploration programme of up to US$14m, totalling approximately 100,000m, has been
planned for 2020 with the aim of growing the Le Plaque, Bakatouo, and Daapleu deposits, and
testing other targets such as Floleu and Samuel.
The Company annually publishes Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve declarations in
various public documents including Annual Information Forms which are also lodged on
SEDAR. These prior statements are all published in accordance with CIMM Standards and
also accompanied by declarations made by the relevant Qualified Persons at the time of
reporting. Furthermore, in certain instances these prior statements are also supported by
Technical Reports which have also been lodged on SEDAR. These prior declarations are
provided solely for historical context and comparative purposes and have been subsequently
superseded by the ‘Current’ Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves dated 31 December
2019 and reported in this Technical Report.
For comparative purposes Table 6-1 presents the prior Mineral Resources for each of the
deposits , with Resources being depleted for mining, where applicable, as at 31 December
2018.

Table 6-1: Ity Gold Project Prior Mineral Resources as at 31 December 2018
Tonnage Grade Contained Metal
Deposit Classification
(kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu)
Measured - - -
Mont Ity/ Flat/ Walter Indicated 9,828 1.91 605
Inferred 10,088 1.41 456
Measured - - -
Zia NE Indicated 5,070 1.30 211
Inferred 3,844 1.41 174
Measured - - -
Verse Ouest &
Indicated 8,702 1.02 284
Teckraie
Inferred 2,390 0.51 39
Measured - - -
Daapleu Indicated 28,072 1.50 1,349
Inferred 748 0.92 22
Measured - - -
Gbéitouo Indicated 2,865 1.35 124
Inferred 270 1.48 13
Measured - - -
Aires Leach Pads Indicated 5,800 1.09 202
Inferred 233 0.78 6
Measured - - -
Bakatouo Indicated 9,930 2.12 676
Inferred 588 2.22 42
Measured - - -
Colline Sud Indicated 958 2.14 66
Inferred 419 2.11 28
Measured - - -
Le Plaque Indicated 974 2.70 85
Inferred 553 2.40 43
Measured 1,418 0.96 44
Stockpiles Indicated - - -
Inferred - - -
Measured 1,418 0.96 44
Total Indicated 72,199 1.55 3,602
Inferred 19,134 1.34 823

For the prior 2018 Mineral Resource Statement (Table 6-1) the following notes apply:
• Qualified Persons: Kevin Harris, CPG (Colline Sud); Mark Zammit, MAIG (all deposits other
than Colline Sud);
• Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability;
• All Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Mineral Reserves;
• The Mineral Resources have been estimated and reported in accordance with the Definition

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Standards adopted by CIM Council in May 2014;

• The gold price assumed for reporting of Mineral Resources was US$1,500/oz; and
• The assumed cut-off grade for the majority of the open-pit deposits was 0.5g/tAu.
For comparative purposes Table 6-2 presents the prior Mineral Reserves for each of the
deposits as at 31 December 2018.

Table 6-2: Ity Gold Project Prior Mineral Reserves as at 31 December 2018
Tonnes Grade Contained Metal
Deposit Classification
(kt) (Au g/t) (‘000 oz Au)
Proven - - -
Mont Ity/ Flat/ Walter
Probable 8,379 1.94 524
Proven - - -
Zia NE
Probable 6,922 1.03 229
Verse Ouest & Proven - - -
Teckraie Probable 8,700 1.02 284
Proven - - -
Daapleu
Probable 18,400 1.72 1,015
Proven - - -
Gbéitouo
Probable 2,500 1.38 111
Proven - - -
Aires Leach Pads
Probable 5,800 1.08 202
Proven - - -
Bakatouo
Probable 9,911 2.08 663
Proven - - -
Colline Sud
Probable 136 2.03 9
Proven - - -
Le Plaque
Probable - - -
Proven 49 1.45 2
Stockpiles
Probable - - -
Proven 49 1.45 2
Total
Probable 60,747 1.55 3,036

For the prior 2018 Mineral Reserve Statement (Table 6-2) the following notes apply:
• Qualified Persons: Jan Dharmabandu, FIMMM;
• The Mineral Resources have been estimated and reported in accordance with the Definition
Standards adopted by CIM Council in May 2014;
• The gold price assumed for reporting of Mineral Resources was US$1,250/oz; and
• The assumed cut-off grade for the majority of the open-pit deposits vary between 0.40g/tAu
and 0.60g/tAu for oxide material, 0.40g/tAu and 0.80g/tAu for transitional material and
0.6g/tAu and 0.80g/tAu for sulphide material.

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7 GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND MINERALISATION

7.1 Introduction
The following section includes discussion and comment on the geological setting and
mineralisation aspects of the deposits reflected at the Ity Gold Mine in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa.
The principal topics covered comprise regional geology; local geology; deposit geology with
additional focus on deposit descriptions, structure, mineralisation and alteration and
weathering.
The Ity gold deposit is one of several structurally controlled, predominantly carbonate-hosted
gold mineralised systems located in the southern West African Craton. The project area
comprises of a series of moderate to steeply dipping orebodies hosted in Birimian rocks,
typically associated with skarns developed proximal to a series of intermediate- to felsic
intrusions as well as steeply dipping shear zones along the same lithological contacts. The
following sections outline the regional and local-scale geology and structures that control
mineralisation, as well as the stratigraphy of the Ity Sequence present across the deposits.

7.2 Regional Geology

Côte d’Ivoire is underlain by the Archean-Proterozoic Leo-Man Shield which forms the southern
half of the larger West African craton. Within the Leo-Man Shield, the Ity gold project is located
along a northeast-southwest trend approximately 100km west of the major transcurrent
Sassandra Fault, which separates the Kenema-Man domain in the west, from the Baoule-Mossi
domain to the east (Beziat et al., 2016).
The development phase of the Birimian is known as the Eburnean Orogeny. This was a
protracted event, which formed a regionally penetrative foliation (S1) which was followed by
formation of high strain shear zones (S2) along basin and belt contacts. Stress analysis
suggests the direction of maximum compression was sub-horizontal in a northwest-southeast
direction and minimum compressive stress was vertical.
The basement units of the Kenema-Man domain comprise of a series of deformed migmatites,
gneisses and banded iron formations (BIFs) metamorphosed to granulite facies.
During development of the Birimian greenstone belts there were two broad phases of
sedimentation - an early and a late cycle, each followed by a period of folding and
metamorphism. The initial Eburnean 1 phase comprised the accumulation of volcanic and
volcanoclastic rocks, intruded by early granitoids. Gold deposits formed during this period are
typically syngenetic and are associated with carbonaceous schists, exhalites and stratiform
sulphide occurrences, as well as quartz-vein type of mineralisation. The later Eburnean 2 cycle
began with a brief period of uplift and erosion, followed by the development of intra-montane
basins, which were filled with sediments of the Tarkwaian Series. These are typically a thick
series of arenaceous, and to a lesser extent argillaceous sediments.
In the Ity area, the earlier sediments form a northeast-southwest-trending belt, approximately
10km to 15km wide. This sequence is typically interpreted as a nappe remnant, named the
Toulépleu-Ity Klippe. The Toulépleu-Ity Klippe forms the centre of a northeast-southwest-
oriented syncline with a granitoid core, dated at 2104 Ma (Kouamelan et al., 1997). The
Birimian units of the Toulépleu-Ity Klippe include the ‘Ity Sequence’, which comprises of banded
amphibolites and ultramafic rocks overlain by a carbonate sequence (± jasperoids and black
schists). The Ity Sequence is unconformably overlain by the Toulépleu conglomerate and
intruded by a series of intermediate- to felsic sub-volcanic rocks.
A simplified geological map of the West African Craton, along with the location of carbonate-
hosted gold deposits in the southern West African Craton, is presented in Figure 7-1.

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Figure 7-1: Simplified geology of the West African craton highlighting the location of
the Ity gold deposit within the northeast-southwest-trending Toulépleu-
Ity Klippe in the Kenema-Man Domain (modified after Vic and Billa, 2015)

7.3 Local Geology

Much of the below description has been reproduced or modified from previous technical and
MRE reports including: Body, (2015); Ity CIL Project National Instrument 43-101 Technical
Report (2016) and Cube Consulting Ity Gold Project Mineral Resource Update (2017).
The location of the northeast-southwest oriented Toulépleu-Ity Klippe and the Ity gold deposit
are presented in Figure 7-2. The geology of the near-mine area is dominated by two packages
of Birimian rocks. Towards the west, plutonic and metamorphic rocks and to the east, meta-
sediments and volcano-sedimentary packages (B1). Birimian aged Formations overlie the
Archean basement and were emplaced by large regional scale thrust faulting. The Birimian B1
formations correspond to meta-sedimentary series’ (pelites, gresopelites and carbonates)
which have been subjected to greenschist to lower amphibolite facies regional metamorphism.
Diorite and granodiorite emplacement into carbonate sediments promoted the development of
skarns in areas of contact metamorphism, where stockworks of sulphides and magnetite host
gold mineralisation. These features are accompanied by extensive hydrothermal alteration and
metasomatism (Palanque, 2004).

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Figure 7-2: Simplified geology map of the Toulépleu-Ity Klippe (Source: Endeavour)

The area is characterised by deformed carbonate-bearing and meta-volcanosediments, often

crosscut by a series of granodioritic bodies. The volcanics are tuffaceous deposits, ranging
from basic to acidic in composition. Skarns are developed along intensely metasomatized
zones proximal to intrusives and all formations have been subjected to regional metamorphism.
A thick lateritic profile is developed above the clays/saprolite. The stratigraphy at the Ity gold
mine, from youngest to oldest, is as follows:

Laterites (Facies 301)

Laterites are soils without texture, formed by supergene alteration of iron-rich rocks and are
generally red in colour. Four lateritic categories have been identified at Ity with all profiles
containing millimetre scale fragments of magnetite and quartz. The succession described
below is generally less than 10m thick and includes the following:
• Lateritic clays (“LF”) are found at the top of the sedimentary sequence and include limonites
and the topsoil. Residues of organic material commonly found in this layer give the laterite
a dark red-brick to brown colour;
• Lateritic gravels (“LG”) have a brick-red to brown clay matrix (approximately 30% by volume)
and contain abundant concretions of iron oxides and hydroxides (hematite, goethite,
magnetite) as rounded pisoliths, ranging from millimetres to centimetres in size. Dendrites
of manganese oxide (pyrolusite) several centimetres long coat fractures and pore spaces;
• Mixed Laterites (“LM”) are similar to the gravels in appearance but have a higher proportion
of matrix to concretions; and
• Mottled laterites (“LT”) vary in colour from red-orange to yellow-orange with patches of white
kaolinite. Rare pisoliths and traces of iron oxides are present in this layer.

Saprolites

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Saprolites in the Ity area have a plastic texture and a grain size of <2µm. The saprolites are
classified as silts, sandy silts and breccias and all retain texture of the protolith to some extent.
The saprolites are the result of supergene alteration, hydrothermal alteration or a combination
of the two. The facies vary in colour as a function of the protolith and degree of oxidation and
include the following:
• Oxidised Saprolites (Facies 201) or Argiles Oxides (“AO”), as shown in Figure 7-3 are
essentially iron oxides and hydroxides (Fe²+ and Fe³+) which are present in a wide range of
colours (yellow, orange, brick-red, violet). The oxidised saprolites are subdivided into three
types, Redox front (“AOR”), saprolite rich in iron oxides and manganese (“AOX”) and sandy
saprolites (“AOS”); and
• Reduced Saprolites (Facies 211) or Argiles Reduites (“AR”) as shown in Figure 7-4 are
coloured green to white or light grey. They are generally found deeper than the oxidised
saprolites, corresponding to the water table limit. The minerals in this zone are principally
kaolinite and hydrated minerals, tremolite and actinolite. A subtype of this facies is
characterised by a higher percentage of sandy material and is designated ARS in the
geological logs.
In the saprolites, breccias are coded BAO and BAR depending on the oxidation state of the
surrounding lithology.

Figure 7-3: Simplified geology map of the Toulépleu-Ity Klippe (Source: Endeavour)

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Figure 7-4: Reduced Clay (Facies 211) - S1145 at 15.10 m depth (Source Ity CIL
Project NI 43-101 Report, 2016)

Daapleu Rhyolite (Facies 601)

The granitic intrusive (Local name - Daaplite, IFMD) at Daapleu is locally called a rhyolite due
to its small crystal size. The rhyolite is leucocratic (grey to white), microgranular, schistose and
rich in sericite, also containing fine-grained pyrite or magnetite as disseminations or hosted in
fractures. Numerous pink silicified zones have been identified (possibly haematite). The
rhyolites are crossed by quartz veins and occasional minor tourmaline. Figure 7-5 shows a
typical example of this facies.

Figure 7-5: Reduced Clay (Facies 211) - S1145 at 15.10 m depth (Source: Ity CIL
Project NI 43-101 Report, 2016)

Metavolcanic Sediments (Facies 101)

The volcano-sediments present are dark grey-brown to grey-green and finely laminated (Figure
7-6). Minerals are primarily amphibole, chlorites, biotites, traces of magnetite, calcite as
veinlets and fracture coatings and quartz veins with tourmaline. Disseminated and massive
pyrite is found within laminations, proximal to the Daaplite contact. In some places the
metavolcanic sediments are strongly calcified (e.g. Drill hole DA13-016).

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Figure 7-6: Reduced Clay (Facies 211) - S1145 at 15.10 m depth (Source: Ity CIL
Project NI 43-101 Report, 2016)

Carbonate (Facies 401)

The carbonates (CM) are typically greenish in colour and microcrystalline with chlorite-epidote
alteration, disseminated pyrites and magnetite (e.g. OA13-023). The carbonates represent
protoskarn facies. Typical Carbonate Facies (401) material is shown in Figure 7-7.

Figure 7-7: Carbonate (Facies 401) - S663 at 110.50 m depth (S: Ity CIL Project NI 43-
101 Report, 2016)

Skarn (Facies 901)

The skarns as shown in Figure 7-8, represent metamorphosed carbonate protoliths and
typically host sulphide assemblages including pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite (± magnetite).

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Figure 7-8: Skarn (Facies 901) - S1145 at 96.45 m depth (Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-
101 Report, 2016)

Diorite (Facies 811)

Coarse-grained grey-green mafic intrusive rocks (“IMG”) composed of plagioclase, amphibole,
magnetite and chlorite with fine-grained disseminated pyrite and calcite veins.

Granodiorite (Facies 501)

Coarse-grained grey felsic intrusives (“IFG”) rich in sericite, magnetite and coarse, elongate
crystals of muscovite (e.g. drill hole DA13-015) (Figure 7 9).

Figure 7-9: Granodiorite (Facies 501) - ZA15-001 at 157.0 m depth (Source: Ity CIL
Project NI 43-101 Report, 2016)

7.4 Mineralisation
Hypogene mineralisation at Ity can be broadly divided into two, genetically distinct types,
namely gold-bearing skarns and metamorphic shear zones:
• Skarns – developed as lenses within meta-carbonates proximal to felsic intrusions, and
typically consist of garnet-magnetite-sulphide skarns as well as magnetite-sulphide
stockworks (Beziat et al., 2016); and
• Shear zones – mineralisation is typically hosted by steeply dipping- to sub-vertical
secondary structures developed at lithological contacts or along intrusion margins.
Mineralisation occurs as free gold in quartz vein stockworks and zones of silicification,
typically associated with arsenopyrite and, to a lesser extent, pyrite and antimony.

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Gold is also variably remobilised within the lateritic weathering profile which covers the majority
of the Ity project area. In addition to in situ mineralisation at Ity, several rock dumps and
discontinued heap leach pads are also being processed (namely the Aires Heap Leach and
Verse Ouest & Teckraie deposits).

Skarn Mineralisation (Mont Ity/ Ity Flat/ Walter, Zia NE, Colline Sud and Bakatouo):
Skarn mineralisation at Ity is sulphur-rich (pyrite-pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite ~3% to 10%), typically
developed as discontinuous, sub parallel lenses at contacts between granodiorite intrusive
bodies and host carbonate sediments, both of which have been overprinted by greenschist
facies metamorphic assemblages.
Mineralised portions of reduced saprolites correspond with decarbonation of marble and
exoskarn material. These are rocks rich in chlorite, tremolite and/or actinolite. The reduced
saprolites represent the transition zone between overlying oxidised material and fresh rock
below. The oxidised saprolites host the majority of the mineralisation at Mont Ity. The
mineralised rock represents a proto-skarn which has undergone severe supergene alteration.
Dissolution of sulphide-rich material contributed to the generation of karstic cavities into which
the saprolite material collapsed, producing chaotic, non-linear mineralisation geometries across
the deposit.
The presence of chalcopyrite in the in the skarn-type mineralisation results in variable amounts
of cyanide-soluble copper in these deposits. At Mont Ity to Walter, Bakatouo, Zia NE, Colline
Sud and Gbéitouo, copper and silver enrichment broadly correlates with zones of gold
mineralisation, however there is not a simple direct relationship between the two elements and
some deposits such as Bakatouo and Walter show generally higher copper grades than others
(e.g. Zia NE). The cyanide-soluble copper is most prevalent in the transition material, with
lesser amounts in the lower oxide and upper fresh horizons. It should be noted that the
weathering zones of the copper sulphides broadly follow the lithological weathering but not
exactly, such that there is still some weathering of sulphides in the top of the fresh rock and
lower part of oxide material. Historically, silver assaying at Ity has been sporadic, however the
first-grade control model including systematic silver analysis has now been produced for the
Bakatouo deposit. There remains very limited analysis for cyanide-soluble copper, which has
predominantly been undertaken in targeted metallurgical testwork programmes, and now from
grade control drilling programmes.
The metallurgical recovery of the Ity deposits is relatively well understood; it is important to
control the overall levels of cyanide-soluble copper in the feed to the processing plant, with
processes in place to control and manage this. Anticipated higher levels of cyanide-soluble
copper can be managed with increased rates of sodium cyanide addition, although this process
has operational limits and incurs higher costs.

Shear Zone Mineralisation (Daapleu, Gbéitouo and Le Plaque):

These deposits resemble typical shear zone systems of the West African granite­greenstone
terrane. The deposits are associated with a major regional shear zone but are locally developed
along secondary structures. Shear zones are concentrated along zones of contrasting
rheological properties, typically at lithological contacts or along intrusion margins. Gold
mineralisation is mesothermal in origin and occurs as free gold in quartz vein stockworks and
zones of silicification, associated with arsenopyrite and to a lesser extent pyrite and antimony.
Host rocks are variably altered depending on the degree of hydrothermal activity developed
along the system.
Arsenopyrite is present in the Daapleu and Gbéitouo deposits, with a refractory nature whereby

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a proportion of the gold is hosted within arsenopyrite and not recoverable by the current
processing plant configuration. Assaying for arsenic has been completed for the majority of
wider-spaced exploration drill holes and is now systematically analysed for in grade control
drilling. Significant recent work has been undertaken to better understand the distribution of
arsenic in the Daapleu deposit and the resultant differential recoveries. The data confirms that
the global net recovery is in line with, or slightly above, that assumed in the life of mine plan.
Gbéitouo hosts both chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite, resulting in cyanide-soluble copper-related
issues, predominantly in the transition material, with a refractory response in fresh rock.

Rock Dumps (Verse Ouest & Teckraie deposits)

The Rock Dumps are a series of technogenic deposits that present as oxidised saprolite breccia
with a brown-orange matrix and an assemblage of centimetre-sized clasts of different colours
(orange, green, grey, whitish, yellow, mauve and some with granular textures) giving a multi-
coloured deposit. Various clasts of competent material have been identified in the dumps.
These include centimetre sized fragments of quartz and gravels, lateritic zones contain pisoliths
and iron oxides. In the northern area at Teckraie, the base of the rock dump is lined with fine
grey material, compacted by the weight of the surrounding material. These fine particles
impregnate the laterites which separate the rock dump from the altered granodiorite below.
This facies is also present in the leach pads (Aires).

Heap Leach (Aires):

The discontinued Aires leach pad deposit consists of a series of 3m to 5m thick oxidised clay
layers (lifts), separated by <1m-thick PVC liners and drainage layers (quartz gravels and
laterite). The clay layers comprise of centimetre-scale clay-rich pellets, likely derived from
agglomerated ore from the Flotouo, Zia and Mont Ity deposits, within an orange-brown clay
matrix. The majority of this ore was sourced from skarn-type deposits and as such, the material
shows similar geochemical characteristics.
Although gold forms the only economically recoverable commodity at the Ity deposits, the
presence of Cu, Ag, S, (particularly in skarn-type mineralisation, and As-rich zones in shear
zone mineralisation), represents a potentially significant factor in the economic extraction of
mineralised material. Elevated copper (cyanide-soluble copper, in particular) and silver grades
are known to inhibit gold recoveries from the Carbon-In-Leach (“CIL”) circuit at Ity and as such,
gaining an understanding of the grades and spatial distribution of these deleterious elements
from drill hole sampling is critical to the efficiency of the mining and processing operations at
Ity.

7.5 Deposit Geology

The following sections present a synthesis of the salient aspects of the geology at each deposit
within the so-called “Ity Corridor” (Figure 7-10). Much of the information summarised here is
reproduced or adapted from previous Technical and MRE reports (e.g. Body, 2015; Cube,
2017). The deposits can be subdivided into those of Ity Mine Complex, including Mont Ity to
Walter, Zia NE and Bakatouo (Figure 7-10), and the satellite deposits including Daapleu,
Gbéitouo, Colline Sud and Le Plaque.

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Figure 7-10: Geological map of the Ity Mine Complex skarn-type deposits and dumps
(Source: Endeavour)

7.5.1 Mont Ity/ Ity Flat/ Walter

Mont Ity, Ity Flat, Tontouo and Walter represent a semi-continuous sequence of deposits
stretching approximately 2km to 2.5km along-strike, trending southwest-northeast through the
centre of the Ity Mine Complex (Figure 7-10). Hypogene mineralisation occurs as endo- and,
primarily, exoskarn packages present as discontinuous, sub parallel lenses along moderately
NW-dipping contacts between the Ity granodiorite-diorite complex and the host marble unit
(Figure 7-11). An interpretation of the pre-alteration geometry of the Mont Ity deposit is shown
in Figure 7-12.

Figure 7-11: Schematic cross-section through the Mont Ity (and historical Flotouo)
deposit (Source: Endeavour)

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Figure 7-12: Schematic interpretation of the pre-alteration geometry of the Mont Ity
deposit (Source: Endeavour)

The geometry of the in-situ deposit is strongly controlled by supergene alteration, secondary
remobilisation of gold and the development of karstic cavities. Interaction between meteoric
waters and sulphide-rich skarn assemblages caused widespread oxidation of sulphide phases,
producing sulphuric acid where the Fe from is present as goethite, ferrihydrite and other Fe-Mn
oxides. A secondary process involving the dissolution of carbonate host rocks by these acidic
solutions produced pervasive cavities. The reaction of carbonate material and sulphuric acid
in produces CO2 and voids.
Hypogene skarn mineralisation locally collapsed into karst cavities, reconfiguring the geometry
of the deposit (Figure 7-13). Impurities in the carbonate and the calc-silicate zones hosting
hypogene sulphide (skarn) mineralisation resulted in the formation of a range of decarbonised
clays. A correlation between elevated grades and Fe-Mg oxide-rich zones is attributed to the
oxidation of the primary mineralisation. This oxidation was accompanied by a loss of volume
in the mineralised zones resulting in a relative enrichment in gold grades. The alteration
process became self-propagating as the oxidation front progressed deeper.
Mineralisation is hosted in a sequence of almost continuous, moderately dipping (35° to 45°
towards the northwest) bodies, trending northeast-south-west and ranging in thickness of
<10m. Each of the mineralised bodies extends between 130m and 350m down-dip and in total,
the Mont Ity to Walter mineralisation extends approximately 2.2km along strike. The upper parts
of the deposit were subsequently impacted by erosion and the weathering process.

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Figure 7-13: Schematic interpretation of the alteration and karstification of host

lithologies, as well as its effect on the geometry of the Mont Ity deposit
(Source: Endeavour)

7.5.2 Zia NE
Zia NE is located along strike from the historical Flotouo and Zia deposits, in the hanging wall
of the Ity granodiorite-diorite complex (Figure 7-10). It represents a genetically similar deposit,
formed by similar processes of skarnification, shearing, generation of karst cavities and
supergene enrichment and remobilisation. Mineralisation is primarily developed as endo- and
exo-skarns proximal to the contact between a large granodiorite intrusion and hangingwall
sediments, namely carbonates of the Ity Sequence and overlying oxidised (and lesser reduced)
clays. Hypogene mineralisation is hosted in a sequence of moderately dipping (30° to 40°
towards the northwest) bodies, trending northeast-south-west and ranging in thickness from
<10m to 60m. Each of the mineralised bodies extends between 130m and 350m down-dip and
up to 620m along strike. A relatively high-grade laterite cap hosts enriched and remobilised
mineralisation in a sub-horizontal layer above the hypogene mineralised bodies.

7.5.3 Bakatouo
The Bakatouo deposit is located at the north-eastern extremity of the Ity granodiorite-diorite
complex, to the north of Walter pit (Figure 7 10). The majority of mineralisation is hosted by
karstic features within a skarn-altered carbonate sequence dipping moderately to the northwest.
The sequence is bounded by volcano-sediments in the footwall and hanging wall. Intersecting
the carbonates is a series of mafic (and lesser felsic) intrusives. The primary mineralization is
associated with sulphides (pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite) and minor magnetite, mainly within
the exoskarns, with a minor component hosted by endoskarns, intrusive bodies and volcano-
sediments (Figure 7-14).
Mineralisation forms a sequence of sub-parallel bodies, each ranging from approximately 3m
to 25m in thickness; 60m to 250m down-dip (at ~50-60° towards northwest); and 50m to 500m
in strike extent (striking ~045°). Similarly to Mont Ity, a variably thick (up to 100m) weathering
profile overlies the carbonate facies with associated local supergene mineralisation and
collapse breccias. Cover sediments comprise a 5m to 10m-thick sequence of Cavally alluvials

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and lateritic clays (Figure 7-15).

Figure 7-14: Geological map of the Bakatouo deposit (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 7-15: Geological map of the Bakatouo deposit (Source: Endeavour)

7.5.4 Daapleu
Daapleu is located approximately 1.5km southeast of the main Ity Mine Complex. The deposit

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is oriented northeast-southwest and occurs at the sheared contact between a felsic rhyolitic
unit, locally known as ‘Daaplite’ and a mafic volcano-sedimentary unit forming the footwall of
the deposit. The Daaplite unit is a leucocratic (grey to white) microgranular rhyolite. The
hangingwall comprises a thick (up to 150m wide) hydrothermally altered corridor characterised
by a schistose texture, silica-sericite alteration and sulphide-bearing stockwork veining (mainly
pyrite and lesser arsenopyrite). The mafic volcano-sediment footwall unit is green to black in
colour when mineralised, with biotite-silica-sericite alteration and sulphides (pyrite and
arsenopyrite). The contact between the two units corresponds to a higher-grade domain.
Narrow (<10 m wide) barren mafic dykes crosscut both units (Figure 7-16).
With most hypogene mineralisation constrained to the Daaplite, its contact zones and sub-
parallel intrusions, mineralised bodies trend uniformly northeast-southwest (~050°) and dip
approximately 55° to 60° towards the northwest. Mineralisation extends approximately 1,500m
along-strike and 250m to 300m down-dip, where it remains open (Figure 7-17).

Figure 7-16: Map of Daapleu deposit (Source: Endeavour)

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Figure 7-17: Cross section through Daapleu deposit (Source: Endeavour)

7.5.5 Gbéitouo
Gbéitouo is a shear zone-controlled deposit located approximately 1.5km east of the Walter
open pit and 2km northeast of the Daapleu open pit. Mineralisation is primarily developed along
a moderately-dipping (50° towards the northwest) sheared contact between a carbonate unit in
the hanging wall and a metavolcano-sediment (metapelites and subordinate mafic schists) unit
in the footwall. Primary mineralisation is associated with sheared biotite-silica-sericite-
carbonate altered facies with disseminated sulphides (pyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite, with
minor chalcopyrite). A significant proportion of the mineralisation occurs in the weathered zone,
in oxidized and lesser reduced saprolites, with deep oxidation pockets close to the contacts
between lithological units and along structures.
Mineralised bodies range from <20m to 65m in thickness and typically extend down-dip 120m
to 280m. The deposit is relatively limited in its strike extent (typically <275m), with high grade
mineralisation focussed around two central structures and grades dissipating away from these.
The entire width of the mineralisation at Gbéitouo is approximately 160m.

7.5.6 Colline Sud

The Colline Sud deposit is located approximately 1.5km to the southwest of the main Ity Mine
Complex (Figure 7-10), along strike from the Mont Ity deposit. The mineralisation occurs within
the same north-northeast trending marble belt as Mont Ity, and along the steeply west-dipping
(~70°) contact with mafic volcano-sediments in the footwall. The hanging wall of the marble
unit consists of a volcaniclastic conglomerate unit (Meantouo conglomerate). Primary
mineralization is not well characterised due to the thick weathering profile, though is currently
considered an intermediate style between skarn-type and structurally-controlled deposits.
Pyrite is the main sulphide mineral observed. Mineralised bodies are typically narrow (<2m to
10m wide), moderate- to steeply-dipping (~60° to the northwest) structures, with the highest
gold grades associated with karstic features proximal to intrusive bodies. The hypogene
mineralised bodies trend northeast-southwest (~400m along-strike) and typically extend 60m

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to 120m down-dip. Overlying saprolites and laterite material hosts supergene mineralisation in
a deep weathering profile.

7.5.7 Le Plaque
Le Plaque is a predominantly shear zone-controlled deposit located approximately 5km south
of Daapleu and the main Ity Mine Complex. The Le Plaque Main and Epsilon prospects consist
of a series of variably mineralised shear structures on the border of a large granodiorite domain
(Le Plaque granodiorite, part of the Guiamapleu intrusive complex). Lesser mineralised lenses
are hosted within the hanging wall skarn-altered carbonate-bearing metasediments (Figure
7-18). Diorite bodies up to tens-of-meters-thick cross both units, partially altered to endoskarn.
Mineralisation is associated with several ductile and brittle-ductile shears with associated quartz
veining, silica-sericite alteration and locally massive sulfidic seams (pyrite, with subordinate
sphalerite, chalcopyrite, local minor galena or pyrrhotite). Arsenopyrite is rare, in contrast with
mineralisation at the Daapleu and Gbéitouo shear-controlled deposits. Mineralisation is
focused along two cross-cutting trends (northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast). The
dominant northeast-southwest Epsilon trend comprises steeply dipping (~75° towards the
northwest) structures with variable down-dip extent (120m to 200m, Figure 7-19), whereas the
northwest-southeast-trending Le Plaque Main structures dip moderately (~40°) towards the
northeast, with similar down-dip extents.
The Le Plaque South (Figure 7-18) and Delta (Figure 7-20) extension zones are hosted within
the granodiorite domain, typically associated with steeply dipping or sub-vertical shear
structures and sub-parallel to narrow diorite intrusions. The oxidation profile varies from 30 m
in the granodiorite up to 75m in skarn facies (with an average of 50m across Le Plaque Main
and Epsilon). Supergene mineralisation is locally developed, particularly in the northern part of
Le Plaque South.

Figure 7-18: Map of Le Plaque deposit (Le Plaque Main, Epsilon and Le Plaque South)
(Source: Endeavour)

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Figure 7-19: Cross section through Epsilon northeast-southwest structure (Source:

Endeavour)

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Figure 7-20: Cross sections through Le Plaque Main (A) and the Delta extension (B)
(Source: Endeavour)

Verse Ouest & Teckraie (the Dumps) and Aires Leach Pads
The Dumps (Verse Ouest & Teckraie) and the decommissioned Aires leach pads are a series
of technogenic deposits currently being processed at Ity. The material contained in the deposits
was derived from in situ skarn mineralisation mined from the main Ity Mine Complex. In the
case of Verse Ouest & Teckraie, the dumps measure ~800m by 500m in aerial extent, with a
maximum thickness of ~45m. The material was historically considered ’waste’ when the Ity
mine was operating at a higher (2g/tAu) cut-off grade between 1996 and 2007. The
technogenic material forms a single, continuous dump underlain by an in-situ mineralised
laterite layer up to 2.5m thick.

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The decommissioned Aires leach pad was in operation between 1990 and 2009 (although some
additional material was added after 2017) and comprises of nine distinct layers (lifts) of material
which historically underwent heap leaching processes. Individual lifts range from 2m to 8m in
thickness, with the leach pad covering an area of approximately 450x 450m at its base.

7.6 Risks and Opportunities

To date no significant risks have been identified relating to the geological setting and
mineralisation aspects of the deposits identified at Ity Gold Mine. The only aspect which
requires better understanding is the prevalence of cyanide soluble copper and elevated silver
grades in certain deposits. These have negative impacts on gold recovery and require
increased cyanide concentrations to counter their impact. In addition to this, the relationship
between the prevalence of Arsenopyrite and impact on gold recovery is known through
testwork, though needs to be better understood through assaying and modelling. Accordingly,
additional studies are required to better understand the distribution and association of the
contributing minerals to both cyanide addition and loss of recovery.
The key opportunities relate to advancing the various exploration targets currently under
investigation by Endeavour and extensional drilling at the deposits supporting the Mineral
Resources as reported herein.

7.7 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations

The geological setting and mineralisation for the deposits investigated to date at Ity Gold Mine
are well informed by and geological data gathered through extensive exploration programmes
conducted to date. As such, the focus of current activities are directly related to the broader
exploration programmes currently conducted by Endeavour, pending advancement to sufficient
level to transfer to the operating entities managed by Ity Holdings, Société des Mines de
Daapleu (“SMD”) and Société des Mines d’Ity S.A (“SMI”).
Further work is planned to refine the geological models and upgrade the lower levels of
resource categories through infill drilling and where appropriate extensional drilling to the
currently defined wireframes.

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8 DEPOSIT TYPES
The following section is largely reproduced from the Technical Report for the Ity Gold Mine
(Body, 2015).
The West African Lower Proterozoic greenstone belts are often referred to as Birimian
Greenstone Belts and this includes a collection of Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary and
metavolcanic units and associated intrusive complexes that are the dominant hosts of gold
deposits in West Africa. The Birimian Greenstone Belts have produced a number of world-
class gold deposits situated within countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana,
Guinea, Mali, Niger and Senegal.
Gold deposits in West Africa can broadly be classified into the following types:
• Structurally-controlled, epigenetic lode or stockwork mineralisation related to major shear
zones with native gold (Poura, Burkina Faso; Kalana, Mali);
• Structurally-controlled, epigenetic lode or stockwork mineralisation related to major shear
zones and characterised by the inclusion of gold in the crystal structure of the sulphides,
often locked in arsenopyrite (Ashanti type: Obuasi, Ghana);
• Stratiform deposits hosted in tourmalinised turbidites (Gara Deposit Loulo, Mali);
• Disseminated sulphides hosted in volcanic or plutonic rocks (Syama, Mali; Yaouré, Ivory
Coast; granitoid-hosted, Ayanfuri, Ghana); and
• Paleo-placer deposits: auriferous quartz-pebble conglomerates (Tarkwa, Ghana); modern
placers (eluvial, alluvial).
More specific to the Birimian, two major styles of gold mineralisation occur, which include:
• structurally controlled quartz vein style deposits, and
• chemical sediment hosted deposits
Ity is most accurately described as a carbonate-hosted, structurally and chemically controlled
orogenic gold deposit. Section 7 of this technical report provides the detailed information for
each individual deposit.

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9 EXPLORATION
9.1 Introduction
The following section includes discussion and comment on the exploration activities completed
to date in respect of the deposits identified to date at the Ity Gold Mine. The key areas covered
herein comprise regional exploration (ground geophysical surveys; airborne geophysical
surveys; airborne geophysical surveys; soil geochemistry sampling; regolith mapping; trenches,
channel sampling and auguring); exploration campaigns; exploration areas of interest; risks and
opportunities; interpretation, conclusions and recommendations.
Due to the significant upside potential of the existing deposits around the Ity operation, the main
focus of the exploration has been to grow, extend and convert the deposits located within 5 km
radius from the plant.
The main objective of the exploration programme was as follows:
• Near mine and feasibility study related projects, including:
− Continue to extend and convert resources to Indicated level, the following deposits (Zia
NE, Daapleu, Mont Ity, Walter, Gbéitouo, Verse Ouest, Bakatouo, Colline Sud and Le
Plaque and confirmed Teckraie rock dumps, Aires leach pad historical estimate.
− Conduct metallurgical and geotechnical drilling for each deposit to feasibility level,
− Define a robust geological model for each deposit,
− Assist the metallurgical, geotechnical and hydrogeological teams during their field
campaigns,
− Continue to explore and develop greenfield targets.
• Regional Exploration projects, including:
− Define new greenfield targets to sustain current pipeline for exploration projects;
− Continue to explore for new stand-alone projects away from the Ity CIL plant
− ground geophysical campaign (“IP”);
− VTEM over the whole land package
− soil geochemical sampling;
− regolith mapping;
− trenches and auger drilling;
Human resources on site were increased to supervise the exploration drilling campaigns.
Senior personnel with extensive exploration experience have been employed to put in place
protocols that are in accordance with international best practice standards. All protocols are
available to the site geologists and are the subject of continuous revision and improvement.
Following the development of the Ity CIL project, exploration facilities were totally rebuilt in
2017-2018. The main exploration camp base, including a core shed and a mechanical sample
preparation laboratory are located inside the mine fence. An additional preparation area, mostly
for AC-RC samples has been set up near the Le Plaque area. In addition, two satellite
exploration camps are used to follow exploration activities further away from the mine. One on
the east side of the Cavally river to facilitate the supervision of the exploration programmes in
Daapleu and Gbéitouo and one in Toulépleu to be used for exploration activities in the PR462
permit area.

9.2 Regional Exploration

9.2.1 Ground Geophysical Surveys
In 2018, an IP survey covering an area of 770Ha was undertaken across the Le Plaque area.

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The survey grid was oriented N135° with a 25m by 12.5m spacing between measurement
stations. Outputs of the survey comprise of several maps including apparent and residual
chargeability, resistivity and conductivity (e.g. Figure 9-1).

Figure 9-1: Chargeability map produced from the 2018 IP survey of the Floleu area
(Source: Endeavour)

9.2.2 Airborne Geophysical Surveys

An airborne geophysical survey was undertaken by Geotech Airborne Geophysical Surveys
across the entire Endeavour license area in 2017. The survey was completed following flight
lines at a 200m spacing and oriented N135° in order to transect the regional structures
approximately perpendicularly (oriented northeast-southwest).
The survey commenced on 26 December 2016 and ended on 30 May 2017. The primary
sensors included: a Versatile Time domain Electromagnetic (“VTEMTM plus”) system; 2
caesium horizontal magnetic gradiometers; and a RSI ARGS RSX-5 spectrometer. Auxiliary
equipment included a GPS and a radar altimeter. 5,346 line km were surveyed, covering three
Endeavour leases (PR462, PR558 and PR609). The raw data were processed and presented
in the following maps types:
• Electromagnetic stacked profiles of the B-field Z component;
• Electromagnetic stacked profiles of dB/dt Z component;
• B-Field Z component channel grid;
• Total magnetic intensity (“TMI”);
• Magnetic Total Horizontal Gradient;
• Magnetic Tilt-Angle derivative;
• Calculated Time Constant (“Tau”) with Calculated Vertical Derivative contours;
• Gamma-Ray Spectrometry products; and

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• Resistivity Depth Images (“RDI”) sections.

Figure 9-2: 2017 VTEM survey across the Endeavour License area (Source:
Endeavour)

9.2.3 Soil Geochemistry Sampling

Since the 2016 NI 43-101 Technical Report, several soil geochemistry sampling campaigns
have been conducted across various zones of the Endeavour license areas.
In 2018, a small 200m by 100m grid was sampled southwest of the Yacetouo target within the
PR609 license area. The survey was designed to test a VTEM anomaly and a total of 1,718
samples were collected and assayed.
On a regional scale, two consecutive soil geochemistry campaigns were conducted in 2017 and
2018 within the PR462 license area – namely on the Mont Ba, Gueya, Zeitouo and Seipleu
targets. In order to verify 1998-1999 BRGM soil geochemistry results, a
reconnaissance/confirmation sampling programme was carried out in 2017, with infill sampling
taking place during 2018. A total of 4,307 samples were collected in 2017 and a further 207 in
2018 on a 100m by 50m grid.
Soil sampling at Ity and surrounding properties, is an ongoing process as part of the exploration
strategy to define new greenfield targets. Grid spacings vary depending on the exploration
strategy.

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Figure 9-3: 2018 Gueya-Mont Ba soil geochemistry grid (Source: Endeavour)

9.2.4 Regolith Mapping

Regolith mapping is used to geochemically define the regolith (the layer of unconsolidated solid
material covering the bedrock) regime of an area. Three distinct regolith regimes are identified
within the project area – namely residual, erosional and depositional domains. Each regime is
subdivided into multiple units based on their relative position (described in procedure document:
SMI-PTE_026_v1_160621_Cartographie_Regolithe.pdf):
• Residual domain: Cp1, Cp2, Cp3 and Cs CV;
• Erosional: Eo1, Eo2, Eo3, Eo/c, Ec1 and Ec2; and
• Depositional: Dc1 to Dc4 depending on their position in the valley and on their
granulometry.
The regolith has been mapped across several areas of interest within the Endeavour licence
area(s), including: Floleu in 2018; PR609 in 2017; and an area of interest within the PR462
license area (Mont Ba, Gueya, Seipleu, Guiamapleu) in 2017-2018. An example of the regolith
mapping conducted across the PR609 licence area is presented in Figure 9 4.

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Figure 9-4: Example regolith map across the PR609 license area (Source: Endeavour)

9.2.5 Trenches, Channel Sampling and Auger Drilling

Auger drilling is typically used at Ity as a first pass, reconnaissance methodology to sample the
subsurface when following-up on soil geochemistry anomalies. Typically, auger drilling targets
the saprolite layer below the residual cover. Various auger drilling campaigns were undertaken
between 2015 and 2017.
For the 2016-2017 campaign on the PE26, PE49 and PR609 license areas (near mine
programme, see Figure 9 5), auger holes were drilled on a 400 m x 50 m grid to a depth of
between 7m and 21m (average 13m). Two-meter samples were taken once the saprolite was
reached and a total of 2,034 holes for 27,481m were drilled.
Auger drilling was also conducted in 2015 and 2017 in the Floleu area, where a total of 524
holes for 6,645m were completed. The depth of the holes varied from 6m to 25m, with an
average of 10.5m in 2015 and 14m in 2017.
Trenching and channel sampling have been used less frequently at the Mont Ba, Gueya area.
A total of 85 channels (in trenches) were completed in Gueya, Mont Ba, Doho and Zeitouo for
a total of 844 samples.

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Figure 9-5: 2016 Auger drilling – near mine auger results (Source: Endeavour)

9.3 Exploration Campaigns

Following the September 2016 NI 43-101 Technical Report no significant exploration activities
were carried out at Walter, Gbéitouo, Aires, Teckraie or Zia NE. A very limited number of
exploration diamond drill holes (DDH) were completed at Verse Est (3 DDH for 413.33m), Verse
Ouest (1 DDH for 110.90m), Flotouo (1 DDH for 113.63 m), Samuel (8 DDH for 1,076.20m),
Tontouo (3 DDH for 479.45m) and Zia (2 DDH for 340.92 m). These exploration holes have
not been followed up by any other drilling during the period covered by this report. More
extensive drilling has been conducted at Mont Ity, Bakatouo, Daapleu, Colline Sud and Le
Plaque, as described in the Section 10.

9.3.1 Le Plaque
One of the primary discoveries made during the SMI and Endeavour exploration campaigns
from 2012 onwards was the Le Plaque area (Floleu) (PR 558) (Figure 9 3). The prospect
represents a 2km-long N20° trending anomaly located approximately 5km south of the main Ity
Mine and returned initial soil chemistry results of >5,000ppb in the saprolite layer.
The first drilling which lead to the discovery of the Le Plaque deposit was completed in 2015 –
mostly in the form of Auger and diamond drill holes (508 Auger holes for 5,395m and 59
diamond drill holes totalling 73,101m). Following significant drilling campaigns conducted since
November 2016, a Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve have been reported. The deposit is
subdivided into multiple areas: Le plaque Main, Le Plaque South, Epsilon, Delta, Delta
Extension, Beta and Swamp. The Le Plaque deposit remains open in several directions and at
depth.

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Figure 9-6: Mineralised trends and anomalous soil and auger results (Source:
Endeavour)

9.4 Exploration Areas of Interest

The future prospectivity of the Ity area has been confirmed by further exploration works. An
auger drilling programme which targeted the saprolite layer below the residual cover was
undertaken during Q1-Q2 of 2016, and coupled with gold in soil results, indicates that the overall
exploration potential of the area extends well beyond the 2016 mine footprint. Typically, auger
samples were 2m in length and auger results indicate that strongly anomalous gold values
(>1,000ppb) occur within the saprolite layer at numerous locations across the area covered by
the programme, allowing the delineation of large, anomalous clusters and the generation of
several new near-mine high priority targets. In 2017, regolith mapping and additional auger
drilling were carried out on the Morgan, Vavoua and Yacetouo areas, with 517 holes totalling
7,342m and 1,918 samples being taken.
The most significant near-mine targets identified are:
• Vavoua area: a 1.5km northeast trending anomaly with highest auger values of >1,400ppb
Au in the saprolite. Seven diamond drill holes for 1,000m were drilled as a follow-up of the
geochemistry-auger results. The drilling only returned a small number of narrow, low grade
results;
• Morgan / Yacetouo area: a significant 3km long, northeast trending anomaly with highest
auger values of >2,450ppbAu in the saprolite layer. In 2018, two diamond drill holes were
completed in the Morgan area for 337m to test auger results. Promising lithologies were
encountered, however the holes returned only narrow mineralization.
Based on the results of auger drilling during 2016 at Yacetouo, seven diamond drill holes,
totalling 1,095m were drilled. Results of the drilling were negative, with only 3 meters of
mineralized material encountered during the campaign. No additional work is planned at
Yacetouo;
• Daapleu Southwest area: a large gold anomaly in the saprolite layer which covers over
4km2, with highest auger values of >2,200ppb. In 2017-2018, 2,901m of diamond core
drilling was completed in the Daapleu Southwest-Samuel area, yielding positive results. A
follow-up AC programme resulted in 2019, where 199 holes were drilled for a total of 7,071m.
Another follow up programme is proposed on three targets for 2020.
In 2017, 5 diamond drill holes (509m) were drilled at Mont Bâ and 6 holes (634m) were drilled

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in the Gueya area. Results were encouraging and follow-up work is scheduled for 2020.

9.5 Risks and Opportunities

No significant risks have been identified with respect to exploration activities at Ity Gold Mine.
The key opportunities related to realisation of the potential relating to the exploration targets
identified to date which are presently the subject of Endeavour’s exploration programme as
presently managed by Endeavour.
Opportunities remain strong on the overall properties, and only a small part of the entire land
packages has been explored to date. Strong Geochemical anomalies have been identified and
not tested yet. Underground potential remains open (not tested yet) essentially at Daapleu,
Mot Ity, and Leplaque.

9.6 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations

The exploration activities completed to date have been undertaken in accordance with
Endeavour’s standards and practices and in compliance with the commitments made in respect
of the governing regulatory permits.
It is recommended that the wider exploration programme and in addition the ongoing infill drilling
relating to the deposits for which Mineral Resources are reported is completed and incorporated
into the next resource model updates as appropriate.

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10 DRILLING
10.1 Introduction
The following section provides a summary of the drilling programmes completed to date to
support the geological modelling and Mineral Resources as reported herein with specific focus
on drilling summaries for the individual deposits; core and sample recovery; drill hole surveying;
risks and opportunities; interpretation, conclusions and recommendations.
The drilling procedures referred to in this section apply to the drilling campaigns conducted
between 2013 and 2019. Foraco (from 2013 to 2016) and Energold (from 2017 to 2019) have
been the main contractors used for drilling, under the supervision of Endeavour (and formerly
SMI) geologists. All drilling prior to 2013 is considered historical and details relating to the
drilling and sampling are not well documented. All recent and validated historical drilling data
has been used in the current Mineral Resource estimates and is described in greater detail in
Section 12.1.

10.2 Drilling Summary

Since October 2016, in addition to the drilling meters reported in the September 2016 NI 43-
101 report, a total of 193,093m (including ~4,000m of water borehole and geotechnical drilling)
have been drilled on the different targets across the Ity Mine Site (see Figure 10-1), near mine
and regional exploration. The majority of drilling was completed by three well-established
drilling companies: FORACO, GEODRILL and Energold.
The drill hole types, including grade control drill holes where they contribute to resource
databases, and number of holes completed at each deposit is summarised in Table 10-1.

Table 10-1: Drilling Summary (2012 to 2019)

Deposit Hole Type Units 2012-2016 2017 2018 2019 Comment
No. Holes 306 96 7 - 2017 DD for resource
DDH
m 45,128 11,357 1,156 - definition, 2017 RC for
No. Holes 238 2 13 6 hydro, 2018 RC for
Mont Ity to Walter RC
m 10,184 272 1,320 512 sterilisation & hydro
No. Holes 3,646 - - -
RC (GC)
m 110,528 - - -
No. Holes 201 - - -
DDH
m 23,204 - - -
No. Holes 13 1 - - Includes 2 RC hydro
Zia NE RC
m 1,458 182 - - (291 m)
No. Holes 22 - - -
AC
m 828 - - -
No. Holes 201 78 7 - 2017 DD for resource
DDH
m 25,835 10,207 1,316 - definition (70 holes,
No. Holes - 11 4 - 8894 m) and geotech (8
RC holes, 1,313 m), 2017 &
Bakatouo m - 1,118 490 -
No. Holes - - 11 - 2018 RC hydro, 2018
DD and AC testing
AC Bakatouo NE and SW
m - - 524 -
extensions
No. Holes 186 92 5 17 2017 DD for resource
DDH
m 27,398 6,191 1,504 1,603 definition (76 holes,
No. Holes 21 - 53 - 13,912 m), sterilisation
RC (4 holes, 575 m) & exp
m 2,276 - 2,567 -
No. Holes - - 30 152 Daapleu SW (12 holes,
Daapleu 1,704 m); 2018 RC and
AC for sterilisation &
AC hydro, 2019 DD for
m - - 1,230 5,472 metallurgical testing,
2019 AC in Daapleu
SW
No. Holes 53 - - -
Gbéitouo DDH
m 7,476 - - -
No. Holes 111 1 - -
DDH
m 11,303 149 - -
Colline Sud
No. Holes 51 - - -
RC
m 3,906 - - -
No. Holes 58 39 71 133
DDH 2018 & 2019 AC
m 7,151 5,451 9,451 22,970
No. Holes - - 64 22 regional exploration and
RC-DDH local grid over Le
m - - 10,408 4,881
Le Plaque Plaque South oxide
No. Holes 22 36 97 179
RC zone; 2019 DD incl 8
m 1,756 3,210 7,064 9,601 geotech holes (1,215
No. Holes - - 355 586 m)
AC
m - - 12,143 7,004
No. Holes 10 - - -
Aires DDH
m 768 - - -

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Deposit Hole Type Units 2012-2016 2017 2018 2019 Comment

No. Holes 159 - - -
AC
m 6,455 - - -
No. Holes - - 1,212 -
RC (GC)
m - - 17,284 -
No. Holes 81 8 - - 2017 drilling to test
DDH potential below Verse
m 2,718 1,235 - -
Ouest
No. Holes 4 - - -
Verse Ouest & RC
m 228 - - -
Teckraie
No. Holes 119 - - -
AC
m 4,374 - - -
No. Holes - - 1,150 -
RC (GC)
m - - 26,542 -
DDH = Diamond Drill hole; RC = Reverse Circulation; RC-DD = combined RC & DDH; AC = AirCore; GC RC = Grade Control Reverse Circulation

Figure 10-1: Regional map showing the distribution of drill holes, coloured by drilling
type, across the whole Ity area (Source: Endeavour)

10.2.1 Mont Ity to Walter

Between December 2016 and March 2018, 107 DDH, totalling 12,921m, were drilled at Mont
Ity and Ity Flat with the aim of: reducing risk associated with the previous block model estimate;
converting Inferred Mineral Resources to Indicated (120koz targeted); and to test some deeper
portions of the deposit. Some of the holes drilled were dual purpose and intended to test the
southwestern portion of Mont Ity, and to act as sterilisation drilling in order to support the
extension of the waste rock dump area. No additional exploration drilling has been completed
on the Walter target since 2016. A plan of drill hole locations across the Ity Mine site, coloured
by drilling type, is presented in Figure 10-2.

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Figure 10-2: Ity Mine area drill hole location map (Source: Endeavour)

Grade control drilling carried out at Mont Ity to Walter between January 2016 and September
2019 comprises of 3,656 RC holes, totalling 110,528m, spaced at 5m to 10m and with an
average depth of 30m. Approximately 80% of the grade control drill holes were included in the
2019 MRE update. The distribution of grade control drilling across the Mont Ity, Ity Flat, Tontouo
and Walter deposits is presented in Figure 10-3.

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Figure 10-3: Spatial distribution of grade control versus resource development drill
holes at Mont Ity to Walter (Source: Endeavour)

10.2.2 Zia NE
No further drilling was completed at the Zia NE target since the previous NI 43-101 report
published in September 2016. Prior to that, a total of 247 drill holes were completed at the
deposit.

10.2.3 Bakatouo
Subsequent to the exploration and definition drilling programme reported in the 2016 NI 43-101
Technical Report, additional infill drilling was completed at Bakatouo and Bakatouo Extension
between October 2016 and June 2017 (Figure 10-2). A total of 86 diamond drill holes were
completed for 11,482m. One additional deep DDH (499m) was completed in 2018 to confirm
mineralization continuity in the Bakatouo skarns towards the southwest. This drilling indicates
that mineralization is thinner and lower grade than that encountered at Bakatouo.
In addition, drilling was carried out during 2017 in Bakatouo NE to test the continuity of
mineralization at the Bakatouo and Bakatouo extension prospect to the east of the Cavally
River. This drilling comprised of 15 diamond drill holes, totalling 2,213m.
In 2018, 11 Aircore holes totalling 524m were drilled to test the extension of the Bakatouo
deposit towards Gbéitouo. Five diamond drill holes totalling 743m were also drilled during 2018
to test various Auger and geophysical anomalies. Logged lithologies at the Bakatouo NE
prospect are similar to those at Bakatouo, however only a small number of generally low-grade
intercepts were encountered during the 2018 drilling.

10.2.4 Daapleu
Following the 2016 MRE at Daapleu (reported in the 2016 NI 43-101 Technical Report), a follow
up drilling campaign was implemented, from November 2016 to March 2017. The aim of the
programme was to convert 160koz of Inferred Mineral Resource into the Indicated category,
and to test the lateral and at depth potential of the deposit. 81 DDH were completed for a total
of 15,133.7 m (Figure 10-2). The results of the drilling programme were deemed to be
successful, with the lateral and at depth mineralization continuity confirmed, and the campaign

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resulted in a major increase of the Daapleu Mineral Resource.

Following the 2017 campaign, three additional deep DDH (1,232.25m total) were drilled in 2018
to confirm the geological and mineralisation model. The continuity of the mineralization at depth
was confirmed. At Daapleu Swamp, a single diamond drill hole of 150.95m was drilled to target
a magnetic susceptibility anomaly in a swamp area close to the main mineralization trend,
however no significant intercepts were returned.
64 Aircore holes, totalling 3,197m were also drilled as condemnation holes on the proposed
Waste Rock dump area. The results indicate that the proposed area does not have significant
mineralization potential.

10.2.5 Gbéitouo
No further drilling has been completed on the Gbéitouo deposit since the previous NI 43-101
report in September 2016. Prior to that, a total of 131 drill holes were completed.

10.2.6 Colline Sud

The initial discovery of the Colline Sud deposit during 2015-2016 was reported in the 2016 NI
43-101 Technical Report. Follow-up drilling was completed at Colline Sud between October
2016 and June 2017. The objectives of the campaign were to:
• Infill the existing mineralized area and convert a proportion of the Inferred Mineral Resources
to the Indicated category (1,836m RC and 876m DDH); and
• Explore for potential extensions to the northwest and southeast by testing the early 2016
auger anomalies (691m DDH).
Forty-seven drill holes (26 RC and 21 DDH) totalling 3,403m were completed mostly in October-
November 2016 (46 holes) by Foraco, with the final hole being drilled in June 2017 by Energold
(Figure 10-2).
Infill drilling confirmed the continuity at depth of the mineralized facies. Some minor anomalies
were encountered in drilling to the southeast.

10.2.7 Le Plaque
Following the initial deposit discovery as a result of extensive auger drilling in the area, a
significant drilling campaign was undertaken from November 2016 which has delineated a
Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve (reported herein). Drilling in the Le Plaque area
included DDH, RC, Air Core and coupled RC-DD holes (1,564 holes for over 117,000m) (Figure
10-3).
The AC drilling also delineated 2 other areas located around the Le Plaque deposit: Yopleu-
Legaleu and Falaise. Follow-up drilling has been completed on both targets, though no Mineral
Resources have been reported to-date.

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Figure 10-4: Le Plaque area drill hole location map (Source: Endeavour)

10.2.8 Aires and Verse Ouest & Teckraie

The RC grade control drilling programme carried out between 2016 and 2019 focussed on
delineating sufficient ore stockpiles for the commissioning of the CIL plant in Q1, 2019. This
drilling included 1,212 RC holes, totalling 17,284m at Aires, as well as 1,150 RC holes for
26,542m at Verse Ouest and Teckraie. The distribution of grade control drilling carried out at
the Ity Mine Site between 2016 and 2019 is shown in Figure 10-5, with a more detailed plan of
the 2017 and 2018 GC drilling used during the 2019 Verse Ouest and Teckraie MRE presented
in Figure 10-6.

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Figure 10-5: Plan view of the Ity Mine Site showing the distribution of grade control
drilling completed between 2016 and 2019 (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 10-6: Plan view showing the distribution of 2017 and 2018 grade control drilling
at Verse Ouest and Teckraie (Source: Endeavour)

10.3 Drilling Methods

The following is summarised from a variety of internal and third-party sources including, Body

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(2015) and Ity CIL Project NI 43-101 (2016).

A comprehensive procedures document has been developed by Endeavour that describes the
standard procedures for both diamond drilling and RC drilling (conventional and Air Core) at
the drill site. The manuals outline site layouts and provides procedures and examples for the
handling of samples, marking of boxes, cores, chip bags and boxes etc. The general
procedures for diamond drilling are summarised in Figure 10-7 and general procedures for RC
and Air Core drilling are shown in Figure 10-8.
Drill core is boxed, marked up and oriented at the drill rig. Friable core is packed in plastic to
minimise loss during transport and handling. Meterage is measured, recorded and recovery
calculated at the drill site. Once drilling is completed the site is cleared, sumps drained and drill
holes marked with PVC pipe with all relevant drill hole information. For future reference, a 30
cm x 30 cm x 10 cm concrete slab is built around the collar PVC, with hole identification, collar
dip and azimuth, and total depth inscribed into the concrete. Core sizes used in drill
programmes include PQ, HQ, NTW and NQ.
RC samples are collected in bags and either spilt on site (older drilling) or split in the core shed
(recent drilling). Reference samples are stored in chip trays for logging.
RC hammers are commonly 5.25” with some 5.50” in diameter, and of the face sampling
configuration to minimise cross sample contamination.

Figure 10-7: General procedures for diamond drilling (Source: Endeavour)

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Figure 10-8: General procedures for RC and Air Core drilling (Source: Endeavour)

The drilling completed at the various deposits is routinely reviewed in accordance with internal
practices and procedures. These have also been supplemented by third party independent
consultant reviews. Accordingly, the Qualified Person considers that the protocols in place are
appropriate and suitable to support the collation of geological data in accordance with good
international industry practice. The 2016 NI 43-101 Technical Report is considered by the
Qualified Person to be reflective of the typical standards and practices implemented at the Ity
Gold Mine: “The drilling equipment has been described as in good repair and operated by
experienced contractors familiar with the equipment. Technicians on site worked confidently
and are well trained. The drill sites were well ordered, clean and set up so that there was
enough space to work safely. Although there are no specific procedures manuals relating to
the actual drilling, the methods used by drilling contractors are described as following accepted
industry practice”.

10.4 Core Recovery

Core recovery is calculated by the technician at the rig as shown in the general procedure in
Figure 10-8. The recovery is then recorded in the database system on a daily basis by the
geologist at the exploration camp. Recovery has been systematically recorded in the database
since 2015. Average core recoveries for diamond core drilling at each deposit are summarised
in Table 10-2.

Table 10-2: Summary of core recovery for diamond core drilling between October
2016 and December 2019
Deposit Recovered Meters Meters Drilled Recovery
(m) (m) (%)
Bakatouo 25,917 27,489 94.3
Colline Sud 1,682 1,782 94.4
Daapleu 18,703 19,297 96.9
Floleu 35,948 37,900 94.9
Flotouo 326 349 93.2
Mont Ity 11,631 12,502 93.0
Tontouo 732 747 97.9
Verse Ouest 1,368 1,414 96.8

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Vers Est 354 413 85.6

Zia 291 341 85.5

In general, core recovery is very good, anticipated lower recoveries are observed at the
beginning of drill holes or in the karstic formations where cavities are more frequent. Lower
recoveries are also experienced on the dump deposits where the material is typically
unconsolidated and poorer drilling conditions are experienced.
Prior to 2016, recovery was measured but has not been systematically captured in the
Company database system. Partial records of recovery data from pre-2016 drilling is present
in reports, though would require systematic digitisation to update the database. A summary of
the available collated core recovery data for drilling prior to October 2016, split by deposit, is
presented in Table 10-3.

Table 10-3: Summary of available core recovery data for diamond core drilling
between June 2012 and October 2016
Deposit Recovered Meters Meters Drilled Recovery
(m) (m) (%)
Aires 0(1) 768 84.9 (extracted from a report)
Bakatouo 18,076 19,274 93.8
Colline Sud 8,012 8,656 92.6
Daapleu 8,211 8,591 95.6
Flotouo 569 587 96.9
Gbéitouo 0(1) 11,362 96.3 (extracted from reports)
Ity Flat 476 492 96.9
Mont Ity 0(1) 23,873 No recovery Data
Teckraie 0(1) 1,079 No recovery Data
Tontouo 256 267 95.7
Verse Ouest 179 180 99.5
Walter 0(1) 3,916 88.85 (3,386m, 2014 drilling campaign, extracted from a report)
Zia NE 2,939 3,141 93.6
(1)
Where recovery data is missing or not digitized for given drill holes, the ‘meters drilled’ field does not take these drill holes into account so as not to bias
the recovery (%)

10.5 Drill hole Surveying

10.5.1 Collar Surveys
All drill hole collars are sited and checked using DGPS by qualified staff. Collar positions have
been independently verified since the project began by plotting the collar positions on satellite
images, applying the coordinate transformation and undertaking a field check to verify the
position. Elevations were compared to the topographic survey and overall the collar positions
appear to be accurate.

10.5.2 Downhole Surveys

Downhole survey deviations on diamond and RC drill holes were measured using the Reflex
EZ SHOTTM system. The first measurement is taken between 10m and 15m downhole to
verify the inclination and orientation of the drill hole. Subsequent measurements are taken at
25m intervals for the first 100m, then at 50m intervals until the end of the drill hole. The last
measurement is taken at the bottom of the hole.
Orientation of the core was undertaken in fresh rock using the Reflex ACTII system with
measurements approximately every 30m between 2012 and 2016, then every run since 2017.
A full procedures manual for downhole surveying including a quality control / verification
procedure has been prepared by SMI. In addition to the standard internal processes followed
and audited by the Company and the Qualified Person, additional third party consultants (Cube
Consulting) completed supplemental reviews of the downhole survey database during the Ity
CIL Project NI 43-101 (2016) study and either corrected or removed erroneous entries as
appropriate.

10.6 Risks and Opportunities

To date no significant risks and opportunities have been identified in respect of sample
preparation and security as practice at the Ity Gold Mine.

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10.7 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations

In the opinion of the Qualified Person, the drilling programmes completed for the deposits
investigated to date at Ity Gold Mine were undertaken to a sufficient standard to inform the
geological models and resource models which underpin the Mineral Resources as reported
herein. As such other than completion of the planned drilling programme, no further
conclusions or recommendations are drawn at this stage.

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11 SAMPLE PREPERATION AND SECURITY

11.1 Introduction
The following section includes discussion and comment on the sample preparation and security
related aspects relating to the collation of samples which inform the geological modelling and
resource estimates as reported herein. Specifically, the section focuses on historical sampling;
sample submission; sample preparation and analysis; quality assurance and quality control;
density analysis; chain of custody and sample security; risks and opportunities; and
interpretation, conclusions and recommendations.
The sample preparation, analysis and security are currently under the supervision of Endeavour
geologists and were under the supervision of SMI from 2013 up until the time at which
Endeavour acquired the project in 2016.
The processes described below apply to all project areas for drilling campaigns from 2013
onwards and for any resampling of historical drilling during this period. Endeavour has
procedure manuals which document all sampling protocols in detail. In addition, regular
monitoring of sampling procedures has been undertaken to ensure compliance and allow
improvements where appropriate. Information pertaining to historical drilling and sampling prior
to 2013 is limited.
Sample collection by Endeavour and SMI, or by third parties contracted by these companies,
were subject to quality control procedures that ensured that industry best practice was utilised
for the handling, sampling, transport, analysis, storage and documentation of sample material
and analytical results.

11.2 Sampling Methods

11.2.1 RC and Air Core Sampling
RC samples, including those from Grade Control RC drilling, were typically collected as 1m
sample lengths in bags directly from the cyclone discharge at the drill rig. The samples were
then riffle split into a numbered sample bag with the corresponding sample tag to produce a
sample of approximately 2kg to 4kg in size. The riffle splitters, plates, tubs and working areas
were cleaned with compressed air after each sample was processed. The remaining reject
sample was returned to the bulk plastic bag and either remained at the drill site or transported
to the core yard facility. A 2kg to 4kg representative sample was riffle split at the drill site and
stored in large plastic drums in addition to a small portion of drill chips collected from the reject
and catalogued in chip trays for future reference. Sampling from Air Core drilling was conducted
using the same basic protocols as those outlined above.
Approximately 30 assay samples were placed in large polyweave bags and transported to either
of the two SGS-run Ity and Agbaou on-site laboratories, the SGS commercial laboratory in
Ouagadougou or Bureau Veritas in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. The Bureau Veritas laboratory is not
currently ISO17025 accredited, though is in the process of achieving this. The laboratory does,
however work under the accreditation of the global Bureau Veritas group of laboratories
including Australia and Canada and are covered by the groups ISO9001, ISO14001, ISO18001
and IFIA certificates.

11.2.2 Diamond Drilling Sampling

Core from diamond drilling (“DDH”) was placed in either steel or timber core boxes. Core trays
were marked with the drill hole number and downhole distance for the start and finish of the
core in the tray. Core orientation measurements were undertaken for competent fresh rock and
completed at the drill site. The core was geotechnically logged and photographed at the drill

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site before being transported to the SMI sample facility on site where the core was laid out for
geological logging and other data collection.
Specific intervals for sampling based on lithology, generally around 1 meter in length, were
identified during the logging process and the core was cut in half along its longitudinal axis with
a purpose-built diamond-blade core saw. After the core was cut, the right-hand side of the cut
core (looking down hole) was placed in sample bags and sealed with the remaining core left in
the core box. The samples were placed in large polyweave bags and transported to either of
the two SGS-run Ity and Agbaou on-site laboratories, the SGS commercial laboratory in
Ouagadougou or Bureau Veritas (Abidjan). Half of the core is retained at the core yard for
reference purposes.

11.3 Sample Submission

Sample submission forms detailing the sample number sequences and instructions
accompanied every sample dispatch to both of the SGS-run Ity and Agbaou on-site
laboratories, the SGS commercial laboratory in Ouagadougou, and the Bureau Veritas
laboratory in Abidjan. On arrival at the SGS laboratories or Bureau Veritas laboratory, the
samples were checked against the submission to ensure all samples were received. On arrival
at the Bureau Veritas laboratory, the samples were again checked against the submission to
ensure all samples were received. On completion of assaying, Company geological staff
confirmed that all the submitted samples were analysed by the methods requested.

11.4 Sample Preparation

When the samples were received at both of the SGS-run Ity and Agbaou on-site laboratories,
the SGS commercial laboratory in Ouagadougou or at the Bureau Veritas laboratory (Abidjan),
they were logged into the laboratory information management system (“LIMS”).
Sample preparation was undertaken at the respective laboratory. Both the SGS and Bureau
Veritas laboratory protocols are essentially the same and include:
• oven drying at 105°C to 110°C;
• crushing to a nominal 2mm diameter using a jaw crusher and sub-sampling with a riffle
splitter;
• pulverisation (approximately 0.5kg) with an LM2 such that 85% to 90% passes a 75μm
mesh; and
• systematic checks to verify particle size.

11.5 Assay Analysis

Fire Assay with an Atomic Absorption finish is the primary technique applied for gold analysis
with three alternate assay methods also used depending on the gold grade. The assay
methods include the following:
• SGS Ity, Agbaou and Ouagadougou:
− Fire Assay (SGS code FAA505) - Nominal 50g charge analysed. Silver used as
secondary collector and Au is determined with AAS finish,
− Fire Assay with gravimetric finish (SGV GO FAG505) - carried out on all samples with
grade greater than 30g/tAu; and
• Bureau Veritas laboratory (Abidjan):
− Fire Assay (BV code FA450 or FA001) - Nominal 50g charge analysed. Silver used as
secondary collector and Au is determined with AAS finish.
− ICP-ES (BV code AQ300) – where samples return fire assay grades >0.5g/tAu, Bureau

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Veritas is instructed by Endeavour to send the pulps to ACME laboratories in Vancouver,

Canada (ISO17025 and ISO9001 accredited) for digest and 34 element ICP analysis. It
must be noted that the Aqua Regia method is a partial digest and major elements are not
used for whole rock analysis.
− Fire Assay with gravimetric finish (BV FA550 or FAGRA01) - carried out on all samples
with grade greater than 30g/tAu; and
• ALS-Chemex (Ouagadougou):
− LeachWELL (“LW”) / Tails Fire Assay (“TFA”). In 2018 the effectiveness of using
LeachWELL LW/TFA analysis was investigated for samples from drill holes at Floleu as
a potential means to assay a more representative 1kg sample. Following trials at both
the Bureau Veritas laboratory (Abidjan) and ALS-Chemex (Ouagadougou), it was
decided that there was no advantage to using the more expensive and complex
(sampling logistics) LW / TFA protocol for analysis of drilling samples at Floleu. As such,
although the results of quality control sampling and analysis by LW/TFA are presented
in the following sections, associated sample assay results were not included in any of
the Resource databases.
Where fire assay analyses return a grade >0.5g/tAu a 34-element suite ICP analysis is
undertaken, this is inclusive of Cu ± CuCN ± Ag ± S ± As analyses for each of the deposits.
Typically, these data represent <30% (and at some deposits, <10%) of the total number of gold
assays in the resource database for each deposit and as such, do not form a suitable basis for
a reliable grade estimate within the same domains.

11.6 Quality Assurance and Quality Control

QA/QC programmes are designed to detect contamination or bias and allow analytical precision
and accuracy to be quantified in order to provide confidence in their use for Mineral Resource
estimations.
Quality control programmes at Ity have been periodically reviewed in previous reports, as
summarised in Table 11-1. This section will provide only a brief synopsis of the main outcomes
of the previously published QAQC review included in the 2016 Ity NI 43-101 Technical Report,
and instead provide a more detailed summary of the QAQC programmes undertaken for
subsequent drilling campaigns between 2017 and December 2019.

Table 11-1: Summary of available core recovery data for diamond core drilling
between June 2012 and October 2016
Year of Review Review carried out by Deposits Included
2016 Cube Consulting Mont Ity to Walter, Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu, Gbéitouo, Aires, Verse Ouest & Teckraie
2019 Cube Consulting Mont Ity to Walter
2020 Endeavour Mont Ity, Zia NE, Daapleu, Colline Sud Verse Ouest

All control samples were implemented to assess the accuracy and precision of the sample
preparation and analysis procedures. The precision of sample results is the measure of how
closely the results can be repeated. Accuracy is assessed by reviewing assays of commercially
available Certified Reference Material (“CRM”) or in-house standards, and by check assaying
at externally accredited laboratories (referee, umpire, or check samples). Precision is assessed
by processing duplicate samples from each stage of the analytical process from the primary
stage of sample splitting, through sample preparation stages of crushing/splitting,
pulverizing/splitting, and assaying. Control samples can also help identify possible mix-ups or
mislabels during sample preparation.
The SMI onsite laboratory was utilised as the primary laboratory before 2012 for both sample
preparation and Au analysis. ALS and SGS were also utilised before 2012 for analytical
services.

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In 2014 a SMI sample preparation facility was constructed onsite for the processing of
exploration drilling. From 2014 to 2016 pulps from the SMI prep lab were sent to Bureau Veritas
laboratory (Abidjan) for primary Au analytical services. ACME (Vancouver), a subsidiary of
Bureau Veritas, was utilised for multi element analysis.
In 2017 the sample prep lab managed by the Ity exploration team was transferred to the onsite
Ity mine lab, managed by SGS. During 2017, 2018 and 2019 samples were sent to the onsite
Ity or Agbaou mine labs, both managed by SGS; the SGS commercial laboratory in
Ouagadougou; or to the Bureau Veritas laboratory (Abidjan). ALS-Chemex (Ouagadougou)
was contracted for Au by LeachWELL and Tails Fire Assay analysis in 2018.

Table 11-2: Summary of CRM (standard), Blank and Duplicate insertion rates, split by
year and laboratory at each deposit(1)
Lab Blank Blank Standard Standard Field Field Coarse Coarse Pulp Pulp
Total (%) Total (No) (%) Duplicate Duplicate Duplicate Duplicate Duplicate Duplicate
Total (%) Total (%) Total (%)
FIRE ASSAY
Colline Sud
2017
SGSAG 11 8.33 8 6.06 3 2.27 3 2.27 4 3.03
2016
BV 510 7.88 441 6.81 161 2.49 158 2.44 156 2.41
2015
ALSYM 0 0.00 18 9.05 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
BV 604 8.52 431 6.08 192 2.71 162 2.29 165 2.33
2014
BV 100 8.42 73 6.15 86 7.25 25 2.11 0 0.00
Daapleu
2019
BV 212 7.30 213 7.34 214 7.37 0 0.00 0 0.00
SGSAG 27 7.44 26 7.16 26 7.16 0 0.00 0 0.00
SGSBF 139 7.39 134 7.13 140 7.45 0 0.00 0 0.00
SGSIT 155 8.28 110 5.87 141 7.53 0 0.00 0 0.00
2018
BV 9 8.49 7 6.60 2 1.89 3 2.83 3 2.83
SGSIT 422 7.68 356 6.48 155 2.82 125 2.27 126 2.29
2017
SGSAG 60 8.52 44 6.25 16 2.27 16 2.27 20 2.84
SGSBF 1,184 8.39 816 5.78 340 2.41 339 2.40 342 2.42
SGSIT 122 8.51 79 5.51 62 4.32 19 1.32 25 1.74
2017
BV 70 8.55 50 6.11 20 2.44 20 2.44 20 2.44
SGSBF 26 8.72 17 5.70 7 2.35 9 3.02 7 2.35
2016
BV 70 8.55 50 6.11 20 2.44 20 2.44 20 2.44
SGSBF 26 8.72 17 5.70 7 2.35 9 3.02 7 2.35
2015
BV 773 8.50 556 6.12 212 2.33 216 2.38 213 2.34
2014
BV 923 8.82 636 6.08 702 6.71 235 2.25 210 2.01
2013
ALSYM 13 4.56 18 6.32 27 9.47 0 0.00 0 0.00
BV 506 5.22 515 5.31 484 4.99 0 0.00 0 0.00
1990 to
2011
ALS 0 0.00 0 0.00 90 4.35 0 0.00 0 0.00
BV 306 17.46 116 6.62 7 0.40 0 0.00 0 0.00
SMI 0 0.00 0 0.00 206 2.45 0 0.00 0 0.00
Floleu
2019
BV 3,266 7.85 2819 6.77 3048 7.32 0 0.00 0 0.00
SGSAG 697 7.95 587 6.70 637 7.27 0 0.00 0 0.00
SGSBF 1,181 7.44 1114 7.01 1165 7.34 0 0.00 0 0.00
SGSIT 296 8.14 204 5.61 270 7.42 0 0.00 0 0.00
2018
SGSAG 395 6.82 381 6.58 139 2.40 142 2.45 134 2.32
SGSIT 2,574 7.69 2005 5.99 1338 4.00 549 1.64 547 1.63
2017
SGSAG 373 7.72 306 6.34 152 3.15 84 1.74 93 1.93
SGSIT 306 8.32 212 5.76 91 2.47 90 2.45 86 2.34
2016
BV 128 7.33 127 7.27 42 2.41 43 2.46 43 2.46
2015
BV 594 8.54 423 6.08 327 4.70 105 1.51 90 1.29
Mont Ity
2019
BV 35 7.42 35 7.42 35 7.42 0 0.00 0 0.00
2018
SGSIT 199 8.05 156 6.31 85 3.44 53 2.14 44 1.78
2017
SGSAG 38 8.21 27 5.83 10 2.16 10 2.16 12 2.59
SGSBF 711 8.36 477 5.61 216 2.54 206 2.42 210 2.47
SGSIT 204 8.49 136 5.66 65 2.70 55 2.29 54 2.25
2016
SGSBF 41 7.72 28 5.27 11 2.07 11 2.07 14 2.64
2014
BV 269 8.87 185 6.10 220 7.26 0 0.00 0 0.00

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Lab Blank Blank Standard Standard Field Field Coarse Coarse Pulp Pulp
Total (%) Total (No) (%) Duplicate Duplicate Duplicate Duplicate Duplicate Duplicate
Total (%) Total (%) Total (%)
2013
BV 982 4.09 403 1.68 725 3.02 0 0.00 0 0.00
2012
BV 636 4.97 0 0.00 89 0.70 0 0.00 0 0.00
1990 to
2011
BV 9 0.55 0 0.00 72 4.38 0 0.00 0 0.00
Verse Ouest
2017
SGSAG 77 8.48 52 5.73 22 2.42 22 2.42 21 2.31
SGSBF 9 9.89 5 5.49 3 3.30 2 2.20 3 3.30
SGSIT 11 7.86 8 5.71 3 2.14 3 2.14 3 2.14
2016
BV 112 7.36 110 7.23 38 2.50 35 2.30 38 2.50
2014
BV 53 8.58 37 5.99 45 7.28 0 0.00 0 0.00
2013
BV 27 3.55 27 3.55 27 3.55 0 0.00 0 0.00
Zia and Zia NE
2017
SGSAG 21 13.82 0 0.00 3 1.97 3 1.97 4 2.63
SGSBF 26 8.07 19 5.90 9 2.80 7 2.17 8 2.48
SGSIT 16 7.58 15 7.11 12 5.69 0 0.00 0 0.00
2016
BV 109 8.28 92 6.99 31 2.36 5 0.38 5 0.38
2015
BV 386 8.31 296 6.37 147 3.16 92 1.98 92 1.98
2014
BV 676 8.60 469 5.97 609 7.75 75 0.95 0 0.00
2013
BV 156 7.41 2 0.10 23 1.09 0 0.00 0 0.00
2012
BV 966 8.25 9 0.08 11 0.09 0 0.00 0 0.00
1990 to
2011
ALS 0 0.00 0 0.00 104 4.29 0 0.00 0 0.00
BV 193 8.80 130 5.93 49 2.24 0 0.00 0 0.00
SMI 0 0.00 0 0.00 265 3.75 0 0.00 0 0.00
LEACHWELL
Floleu
2018
ALSYM 1061 8.09 899 6.85 0 0.00 2 0.02 0 0.00
TAILS FIRE ASSAY
Floleu
2018
ALSYM 1066 8.09 1487 11.31 0 0.00 2 0.02 0 0.00
(1)
Blk = Blank; Std = Standard; FDUP = Field Duplicate; CDUP = Coarse Duplicate; PDUP = Pulp Duplicate; Laboratories: BV = Bureau Veritas (Abidjan);
SGSAG = SGS Agbaou; SGSIT = SGS Ity; ALSYM = ALS-Chemex (Ouagadougou); SMI = Societe Miniere d’Ity on-site laboratory

For the following QA/QC review, all gold assay values are reported in ppm units and all assay
values reported as being below the lower analytical detection limit were set to half the detection
limit for the analysis.

11.6.1 Certified Reference Materials

The performance of the Certified Reference Material (“CRM”) sample data was assessed by
plotting the replicate assay values of the CRMs against time on control charts. Good quality
analysis of the CRM is characterised by a random distribution of data points around the certified
mean value, with 95% of the data points lying within two standard deviations of the mean
(Abzalov, 2008). If more than 5% of the CRM’s submitted are outside three standard deviations
of the certified mean value, then corrective action should be taken. In addition, no trends or
significant bias should be observed in the control charts.

Pre-2016 Drilling:
In addition to internal reviews and processes, the Company engages third party independent
consultants from time to time. The results of all of these internal and third party reviews have
been assessed by the Qualified Person who considers that the processes and procedures
followed are appropriate to support the geological models and Mineral Resource as reported
herein.
As reported in the 2016 NI 43-101 Technical Report (Cube Consulting) reviewed and
summarised the available CRM analyses for drilling at all of the deposits. The review included
14,559 CRM samples out of a total of 170,686 submissions, representing an 8.5% insertion
rate between October 2013 and May 2016. Most of the CRM were sourced from Geostats, with

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an additional two sourced from Rocklabs due to supply shortages. All of the CRM analysed
were inserted at the SMI preparation laboratory and analysed using Fire Assay. CRM
performance during this period is summarised in Table 11-3. All CRM (with the exception of a
single sample of CRM G397-1) returned acceptable results with regard to accuracy. An
example of a CRM control chart for CRM G397-3 is presented in Figure 11 1.

Table 11-3: Summary of CRM performance for Au fire assay analyses at the Bureau
Veritas laboratory (Abidjan) between October 2013 and May 2016
(Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-101, 2016)
Certified Value No. Accuracy Precision % Passing
CRM % Bias Period in Use
(ppm) Assays Test Test 3SD
G303-2 4.15 16 PASS PASS 100 0 2013-2014
G305-2 0.32 23 PASS PASS 100 -1 2015-2016
G306-3 8.66 17 PASS PASS 100 0 2015-2016
G310-10 48.53 731 PASS PASS 100 2 2014-2015
G311-9 10.01 28 PASS PASS 100 -1 2015
G313-10 46.27 11 PASS PASS 100 5 2015
G397-1 0.76 1 FAIL FAIL 0 2014
G397-3 1.72 541 PASS PASS 100 -1 2013-2014
G901-7 1.52 811 PASS PASS 99 0 2013-2015
G901-8 47.24 125 PASS PASS 98 2 2013
G908-8 9.65 574 PASS PASS 99 2 2013-2014
G909-5 2.63 798 PASS PASS 100 -1 2013-2015
G910-5 5.23 24 PASS PASS 100 2 2013-2014
G912-1 7.29 496 PASS PASS 100 3 2013-2014
G912-4 1.91 326 PASS PASS 100 -2 2014-2015
G912-7* 0.42 19 PASS FAIL 90 6 2013-2014
G996-4 0.51 25 PASS PASS 100 -4 2013-2014
G997-3 1.41 21 PASS PASS 100 0 2015-2016
G998-1* 2.95 481 PASS FAIL 99 4 2014-2015
G998-6 0.8 22 PASS PASS 100 1 2015
GMO-07 0 1 2014
SK62 4.07 74 PASS PASS 100 1 2013-2014
SN60 8.59 75 PASS PASS 99 1 2013-2014
ST502 51.69 9 PASS PASS 100 0 2013
Total 5,249

Figure 11-1: Control chart for CRM G397-3 (Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-101, 2016)

Post-2016 Drilling at Mont Ity to Walter

The CRM performance for grade control (“GC”) and resource development (“RDV”) drill hole
samples from Mont Ity to Walter for the period 2017 to 2019 has been reviewed internally and
by third party independent consultants (Cube Consulting). The Qualified Person has reviewed
all of the outcomes of both internal and external documents and concludes as follows:
• Grade Control Samples: A total of 4,916 CRM samples (standards and blanks) were
inserted into the grade control sample stream, sourced from Geostats P/L (Western
Australia), which constitutes 12% of the total samples collected during the period 2017-2019.
The results are summarised in Table 11-4 to Table 11-6 and an example plot is shown in

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Figure 11-2. The laboratories demonstrate analytical accuracy that is considered

acceptable at a 95% confidence level for most of the CRMs. G397-6 at SGS_AG failed the
precision test which was due to one sample failing (out of a total 9). G916-4 at SGS_IT
failed the precision test with 16 samples failing 3SD despite passing 99% of samples. G397-
6; G398-6 and G900-7 at SGS_IT showed a >5% negative bias despite passing >95% of
samples. The negative bias for these samples should be closely monitored if used in future
campaigns as they show a consistent under reporting. Furthermore the precision failures
are not considered significant.
There was no “date_completed” or “lab_job” metadata provided, making it impossible to
pinpoint exactly when these issues occurred and how many labjobs may have been affected.
Overall, 0.5% of the CRM assays were identified as probable sample mishandling or
transcription errors, with the result that 27 assay samples could be reassigned to the
appropriate CRM based on Au result and included in the analysis. A further 16 assay
samples failed and are possibly the result of swapped sample positions or contamination
requiring further investigation. It was recommended that these samples be corrected in the
database after review of surrounding samples. Following remedial measures where
necessary, QAQC management procedures are in accordance with good international
industry standards.
Given the identified precision issues, and the overall accuracy and precision of the assay
data relating to the CRM being within tolerance limits, no obvious trend or major bias was
apparent within the primary assay data.

Table 11-4: Summary of Au CRM performance – SGS Ity Laboratory - Grade Control
(Source: Endeavour)
Certified No. Accuracy Precision % Passing
CRM % Bias Comments
Value (ppm) Assays Test Test 3SD
G300-9 1.53 98 Pass Pass 100 -1.80
G306-3 8.66 340 Pass Pass 100 0.43 1 outlier removed
1 misclassified removed;1 fail
G311-9 10.01 504 Pass Pass 99 -0.64
observed
G312-6 2.42 438 Pass Pass 100 0.45
G314-6 1.98 127 Pass Pass 100 -3.00 negative bias observed
G315-6 5.68 326 Pass Pass 100 -1.80
G396-8 4.82 370 Pass Pass 96 -0.96 4 misclassified removed;4 fails
Negative bias issue; 4
G397-6 3.95 224 Pass Pass 97 -6.10 misclassified removed;6 fails
observed
Negative bias issue - action
G398-6 2.94 34 Pass Pass 100 -8.65
recommended
6 possible misclassified; 2 further
G900-7 3.22 229 Pass Pass 96 -6.46
fails observed
G901-7 1.52 83 Pass Pass 98 -0.25 1 fail possible misclassified
G903-10 0.21 178 Pass Pass 100 -2.01
G908-8 9.65 33 Pass Pass 100 1.31
1 misclassified removed - possible
G910-10 0.97 226 Pass Pass 98 1.34
swap;4 fails observed
not enough samples to effectively
G910-4 16.92 1 Fail Fail 0 0
review - check for swap
G912-4 1.91 4 Pass Pass 100 -1.44 1 misclassified removed
Negative bias observed -
consistent under reporting - careful
G915-4 9.16 73 Pass Pass 100 4.25
monitoring for future campaigns
recommended
1 fail observed; Precision fail - 16
G916-4 0.51 256 Pass FAIL 99 0.45
exceeding 3SD
BLANK 0.01 1,591 Pass Pass 100 0
Blk 0.01 182 Pass Pass 100 0

Table 11-5: Summary of Au CRM performance – SGS Agbaou Laboratory - Grade

Control (Source: Endeavour)
Certified No. Accuracy Precision % Passing
CRM % Bias Comments
Value (ppm) Assays Test Test 3SD
G300-9 1.53 50 Pass Pass 100 -1.48
G312-6 2.42 49 Pass Pass 100 0.49
Negative bias observed -
consistent under reporting - careful
G315-6 5.68 160 Pass Pass 100 -4.95
monitoring for future campaigns
recommended
G396-8 4.82 95 Pass Pass 100 -0.17 3 misclassified removed
1 fail observed - possible
G397-6 3.95 9 Pass FAIL 89 -1.63
misclassified?

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Certified No. Accuracy Precision % Passing

CRM % Bias Comments
Value (ppm) Assays Test Test 3SD
not enough samples to effectively
G398-6 2.94 1 Pass Pass 100 0
review
G903-10 0.21 120 Pass Pass 100 -2.22
G910-10 0.97 189 Pass Pass 100 -0.01
G916-4 0.51 112 Pass Pass 100 -1.49
BLANK 0.01 501 Pass Pass 100 0

Table 11-6: Summary of Au CRM performance – SGS Ouagadougou Laboratory -

Grade Control (Source: Endeavour)
Certified No. Accuracy Precision % Passing
CRM % Bias Comments
Value (ppm) Assays Test Test 3SD
not enough samples to effectively
G312-6 2.42 2 Pass Pass 100 0
review
G397-6 3.95 5 Pass Pass 100 0.25
BLANK 0.01 7 Pass Pass 100 0

Figure 11-2: Control chart for CRM G910-10 (Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-101, 2016)

• Resource Development Samples: A total of 2,020 CRM samples (standards and blanks)
were inserted into the sample stream, sourced from Geostats P/L (W.A. Australia) and
ORE&S P/L (VIC Australia). There was no hole_ID reference in the original CRM data file,
which rendered it difficult to establish the insertion rate with any degree of accuracy. The
results are summarised in Table 11-7 below.
The laboratories demonstrate analytical accuracy that is considered acceptable at a 95%
confidence level for most CRMs. OREAS-255 and OREAS-258 at Unknown Laboratory both
failed the precision test because of too many samples exceeding 2SD despite not exceeding
3SD. These failures are not considered by the Qualified Person to be materially significant
to the current Mineral Resource estimate as reported herein.
There was no date_completed laboratory ID or lab job metadata provided, making it
impossible to pinpoint when these issues occurred and how many lab jobs may have been
affected. To provide a timeline, the date_drilled was able to be assigned to most of the CRM
data, which is considered better than no date, however it should preferably be represented
by lab job date_completed to provide enough information to make an informed decision of
any lab events or occurrences observed.
Overall, none of the CRM assays were identified as probable sample mishandling or
transcription errors, a further 1 assay sample failed and could possibly be the result of
swapped sample position or contamination and requires further investigation. It was
recommended that these samples be corrected in the database after review of surrounding
samples.

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Given the identified precision issues, and the overall accuracy and precision of the assay
data relating to the CRMs being within tolerance limits, no obvious trend or major bias was
apparent within the primary assay data.

Table 11-7: Summary of Au CRM performance – Resource Development Samples

(Source: Endeavour)
Certified No. Accuracy Precision % Passing
CRM % Bias Comments
Value (ppm) Assays Test Test 3SD
G306-3 8.66 60 Pass Pass 100 -0.32
G311-9 10.01 201 Pass Pass 100 -1.32
G396-8 4.82 147 Pass Pass 100 0.43
G901-7 1.52 168 Pass Pass 100 -0.12
G912-4 1.91 150 Pass Pass 100 1.55 Positive bias observed
G913-4 1.37 85 Pass Pass 100 0.52
OREAS-252 0.674 13 Pass Pass 100 -0.59
OREAS-255 4.08 13 Pass FAIL 100 0.47
OREAS-257 14.18 9 Pass FAIL 100 -0.88
Blk 0.01 615 Pass Pass 100 0
Blk-C 0.01 559 Pass Pass 100 0 1 failed result identified - possible swap?

Post-2016 Drilling at other Ity Deposits:

CRM from Geostats and OREAS were used for internal accuracy control during the late-2016,
2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling programmes at Colline Sud, Daapleu, Floleu (Le Plaque), Verse
Ouest, Zia, and Zia NE. The CRM used during the 2017-2019 drilling programmes are listed
in Table 11-8, with a breakdown of the CRM insertion rates by deposit presented in Table 11-9.

Table 11-8: Summary of the Certified Reference Materials used during the 2017, 2018
and 2019 drill programmes (Source: Endeavour)
CRM Source CRM Name Certified Value Certified Std Dev +/- 3 SD Count
Geostats Std-G912-7 0.42 0.02 0.06 93
Geostats Std-G916-4 0.51 0.02 0.06 211
Geostats Std-G998-6 0.8 0.06 0.18 1
Geostats Std-G998-3 0.81 0.05 0.15 107
Geostats Std-G308-2 1.11 0.05 0.15 61
Geostats Std-G911-10 1.3 0.05 0.15 214
Geostats Std-G901-11 1.34 0.06 0.18 90
Geostats Std-G913-4 1.374 0.044 0.132 821
Geostats Std-G997-3 1.41 0.08 0.24 5
Geostats Std-G314-9 1.52 0.06 0.18 59
Geostats Std-G901-7 1.52 0.06 0.18 656
Geostats Std-G397-3 1.72 0.11 0.33 1
Geostats Std-G912-4 1.91 0.135 0.405 961
Geostats Std-G398-6 2.94 0.16 0.48 178
Geostats Std-G396-8 4.82 0.29 0.87 1275
Geostats Std-G311-10 7.32 0.28 0.84 1
Geostats Std-G306-3 8.66 0.33 0.99 934
Geostats Std-G311-9 10.01 0.48 1.44 1454
Geostats Std-G313-10 46.27 2.985 8.955 2
Geostats Std-G310-10 48.53 1.67 5.01 1
OREAS Std-OREAS-250 0.309 0.013 0.039 583
OREAS Std-OREAS-251 0.504 0.015 0.045 820
OREAS Std-OREAS-252 0.674 0.022 0.066 1235
OREAS Std-OREAS-254 2.55 0.076 0.228 916
OREAS Std-OREAS-255 4.08 0.087 0.261 715
OREAS Std-OREAS-256 7.66 0.238 0.714 867
OREAS Std-OREAS-257 14.18 0.264 0.792 539

Table 11-9: CRM insertion summary by deposit area for the late-2016, 2017, 2018 and
2019 drill programmes – Fire Assay (“FA”) (Source: Endeavour)
Count Count Count Count Count Count Count Count Zia Zia
CRM CRM
Colline Daapleu Floleu Floleu Floleu Montity Verse Ouest NE
Source Name
Sud FA FA FA LW TFA FA FA FA
Geostats Std-G306-3 133 180 692 62 6 9
Geostats Std-G308-2 0 61
Geostats Std-G310-10 0 1
Geostats Std-G311-10 1 0
Geostats Std-G311-9 64 310 947 189 19 2
Geostats Std-G313-10 0 2
Geostats Std-G314-9 20 58
Geostats Std-G396-8 122 282 816 138 26 8
Geostats Std-G397-3 0 1
Geostats Std-G398-6 29 149
Geostats Std-G901-11 91 0
Geostats Std-G901-7 32 257 229 169 1 2
Geostats Std-G909-5 1
Geostats Std-G911-10 76 164
Geostats Std-G912-4 26 260 555 151 2 2
Geostats Std-G912-7 2 91
Geostats Std-G913-4 2 93 619 87 11 8
Geostats Std-G916-4 36 175
Geostats Std-G997-3 46 4 1

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Count Count Count Count Count Count Count Count Zia Zia
CRM CRM
Colline Daapleu Floleu Floleu Floleu Montity Verse Ouest NE
Source Name
Sud FA FA FA LW TFA FA FA FA
Geostats Std-G998-1 5
Geostats Std-G998-3 2 105
Geostats Std-G998-6 1 0
Geostats Std-G999-4 22
OREAS Std-OREAS-250 0 280 201
OREAS Std-OREAS-251 50 630 36 33
OREAS Std-OREAS-252 0 467 381 287 13
OREAS Std-OREAS-254 38 528 163 125
OREAS Std-OREAS-255 0 469 132 94 13
OREAS Std-OREAS-256 35 636 103 91
OREAS Std-OREAS-257 0 232 132 97 9
Total 453 1,767 7,628 1,227 928 831 65 31

• Fire Assay Samples: At Colline Sud there were zero CRM failures (outside ±3SD) for the
late-2016 and 2017 drilling. At Zia and Zia NE, a total of three drill holes were completed
between 2017 and 2019, with zero CRM failures. Similarly, at Verse Ouest there were zero
CRM failures during this period.
At Daapleu, eight samples failed, representing a failure rate of 0.5%. At Floleu (Le Plaque)
there were 131 failures, representing a failure rate of 1.7%. All failures in mineralised zones
were reconciled with re-assays. Figure 11-3 and Figure 11-4 show example CRM control
charts for low and high gold grade CRM, respectively, inserted into the Daapleu sample
stream and analysed at the SGS mine laboratory.

Figure 11-3: Example control chart for the G916-4 CRM inserted into the Daapleu
sample stream for fire assay analysis (Source: Endeavour)

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Figure 11-4: Example control chart for the G311-9 CRM inserted into the Daapleu
sample stream for fire assay analysis (Source: Endeavour)

• LeachWELL/Tails Fire Assay Samples: The LeachWELL and accompanying tails fire
assay method was only employed on a trial basis for CRM samples inserted into the Floleu
sample stream during 2018, where 19 of the 1,227 CRM inserted for LeachWELL analysis
were outside ±3SD for gold, representing a failure rate of 1.5%. Twenty samples analysed
by tails fire assay returned values outside ±3SD for gold, representing a failure rate of 2.16%.
Example control charts for a LeachWELL CRM analysis (Standard OREAS-252) and
corresponding Tails Fire Assay analysis are presented in Figure 11-5 and Figure 11-6.

Figure 11-5: Example control chart for the OREAS-252 CRM inserted into the Floleu
sample stream for LeachWELL analysis (Source: Endeavour)

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Figure 11-6: Example control chart for the OREAS-252 CRM inserted into the Floleu
sample stream for (LeachWELL) Tails Fire Assay analysis (Source:
Endeavour)

CRM performance statistics, split by deposit are and assaying method are presented in Table
11-10 to Table 11-16.

Table 11-10: CRM performance statistics for Colline Sud drilling (fire assay) (Source:
Endeavour)
Certified CRV + 3
CRM No. CRM Min Max Mean Std Dev CRV - 3 SD Failures % Failures
Value SD
Std-G909-5 1 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.63 0.10 2.33 2.93 0 0.0%
Std-G306-3 133 8.28 9.08 8.78 8.66 0.33 7.67 9.65 0 0.0%
Std-G311-9 64 9.58 10.68 10.19 10.01 0.48 8.57 11.45 0 0.0%
Std-G913-4 2 1.34 1.4 1.37 1.37 0.04 1.24 1.51 0 0.0%
Std-G396-8 122 4.46 5.14 4.89 4.82 0.29 3.95 5.69 0 0.0%
Std-G901-7 32 1.45 1.6 1.51 1.52 0.06 1.34 1.70 0 0.0%
Std-G999-4 22 2.89 3.18 3.02 3.02 0.17 2.50 3.54 0 0.0%
Std-G912-4 26 1.8 1.97 1.90 1.91 0.09 1.64 2.18 0 0.0%
Std-G998-1 5 3.03 3.13 3.08 2.95 0.12 2.59 3.31 0 0.0%
Std-G997-3 46 1.37 1.45 1.42 1.41 0.08 1.17 1.65 0 0.0%
Total 453 0 0.0%

Table 11-11: CRM performance statistics for Daapleu drilling (fire assay) (Source:
Endeavour)
Certified
CRM No. CRM Min Max Mean Std Dev CRV -3 SD CRV +3 SD Failures % Failures
Value
G311-9 310 9.4 10.7 9.87 10.01 0.48 8.57 11.45 0 0.0%
G901-7 257 1.42 1.61 1.52 1.52 0.06 1.34 1.70 0 0.0%
G913-4 93 1.33 1.44 1.38 1.37 0.04 1.24 1.51 0 0.0%
G912-4 260 1.49 2.09 1.94 1.91 0.09 1.64 2.18 2 0.6%
G306-3 180 7.76 10.8 8.68 8.66 0.33 7.67 9.65 3 1.0%
G396-8 282 2.74 5.37 4.84 4.82 0.29 3.95 5.69 1 0.3%
G998-6 1 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.80 0.06 0.62 0.98 0 0.0%
G901-11 91 1.29 1.44 1.36 1.34 0.06 1.16 1.52 0 0.0%
G997-3 4 1.35 1.43 1.40 1.41 0.08 1.17 1.65 0 0.0%
G911-10 76 1.16 1.53 1.29 1.30 0.05 1.15 1.45 2 0.6%
G314-9 20 1.48 1.57 1.51 1.52 0.06 1.34 1.70 0 0.0%
G998-3 2 0.74 0.75 0.75 0.81 0.05 0.66 0.96 0 0.0%
G311-10 1 1.31 1.31 1.31 0.28 7.32 -21.68 22.24 0 0.0%
OREAS-254 38 2.4 2.66 2.52 2.55 0.08 2.32 2.78 0 0.0%
OREAS-256 35 7.21 8.04 7.66 7.66 0.24 6.95 8.37 0 0.0%
OREAS-251 50 0.48 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.02 0.46 0.55 0 0.0%
G916-4 36 0.46 0.53 0.50 0.51 0.02 0.45 0.57 0 0.0%
G398-6 29 2.66 3.04 2.94 2.94 0.16 2.46 3.42 0 0.0%
G912-7 2 0.39 0.48 0.44 0.42 0.02 0.36 0.48 0 0.0%
Total 1767 8 0.5%

Table 11-12: CRM performance statistics for Floleu drilling (fire assay) (Source:

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Endeavour)
Certified CRV -3 CRV +3
CRM No. CRM Min Max Mean Std Dev Failures % Failures
Value SD SD
Std-G306-3 692 0.9 10.5 8.52 8.66 0.33 7.67 11.45 30 3.2%
Std-G308-2 61 0.79 1.26 1.08 1.11 0.05 0.96 5.69 1 0.1%
Std-G310-10 1 0.68 0.68 0.68 48.53 1.67 43.52 1.51 1 0.1%
Std-G311-9 947 0.03 11.4 10.04 10.01 0.48 8.57 9.65 6 0.6%
Std-G313-10 2 48.2 48.4 48.30 46.27 2.99 37.32 2.18
Std-G314-9 58 1.22 1.92 1.62 1.52 0.06 1.34 1.70 20 2.1%
Std-G396-8 816 0.18 8.46 4.83 4.82 0.29 3.95 0.35 6 0.6%
Std-G397-3 1 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.72 0.11 1.39 0.55 1 0.1%
Std-G398-6 149 2.78 3.24 2.92 2.94 0.16 2.46 14.97
Std-G901-7 229 1.39 2 1.51 1.52 0.06 1.34 1.65 1 0.1%
Std-G911-10 164 1.04 1.88 1.37 1.30 0.05 1.15 55.23 27 2.9%
Std-G912-4 555 0.5 2.18 1.89 1.91 0.09 1.64 0.48 13 1.4%
Std-G912-7 91 0.39 0.48 0.42 0.42 0.02 0.36 1.45
Std-G913-4 619 0.61 8.85 1.38 1.37 0.04 1.24 1.70 9 1.0%
Std-G916-4 175 0.47 0.55 0.51 0.51 0.02 0.45 2.05
Std-G997-3 1 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.41 0.08 1.17 0.96
Std-G998-3 105 0.76 1.06 0.81 0.81 0.05 0.66 6.94 1 0.1%
Std-OREAS-251 630 0.47 2.54 0.51 0.50 0.02 0.46 6.94 5 0.5%
Std-OREAS-252 467 0.5 3.93 0.68 0.67 0.02 0.61 6.94 4 0.4%
Std-OREAS-254 528 0.51 7.63 2.56 2.55 0.08 2.32 6.93 3 0.3%
Std-OREAS-255 469 0.67 4.31 4.09 4.08 0.09 3.82 6.93 1 0.1%
Std-OREAS-256 636 2.49 8.12 7.65 7.66 0.24 6.95 6.93 2 0.2%
Std-OREAS-257 232 13.42 14.7 13.95 14.18 0.26 13.39 6.92
Totals 7,628 131 1.7%

Table 11-13: CRM performance statistics for Floleu drilling (LeachWELL) (Source:
Endeavour)
Certified
CRM No CRM Min Max Mean Std Dev CRV -3 SD CRV +3 SD Failures % Failures
Value
Std-OREAS-250 280 0.266 0.522 0.32 0.31 0.01 0.27 0.35 2 0.7%
Std-OREAS-251 36 0.435 0.544 0.50 0.50 0.02 0.46 0.55 1 0.4%
Std-OREAS-257 132 0.467 15.74 14.47 14.18 0.26 13.39 14.97 2 0.7%
Std-OREAS-255 132 3.775 4.622 4.12 4.08 0.09 3.82 4.34 5 1.8%
Std-OREAS-254 163 0.68 2.823 2.60 2.55 0.08 2.32 2.78 0 0.0%
Std-OREAS-256 103 7.141 8.518 7.75 7.66 0.24 6.95 8.37 0 0.0%
Std-OREAS-252 381 0.502 0.814 0.70 0.67 0.02 0.61 0.74 9 3.2%
Totals 1227 19 1.5%

Table 11-14: CRM performance statistics for Floleu drilling (LeachWELL tails fire
assay) (Source: Endeavour)
Certified
CRM No CRM Min Max Mean Std Dev CRV -3 SD CRV +3 SD Failures % Failures
Value
Std-OREAS-250 201 0.27 0.66 0.31 0.31 0.01 0.27 0.35 2 1.0%
Std-OREAS-254 125 0.22 2.8 2.52 2.55 0.08 2.32 2.78 3 1.5%
Std-OREAS-252 287 0.34 0.93 0.66 0.67 0.02 0.61 0.74 11 5.5%
Std-OREAS-255 94 3.53 4.27 3.96 4.08 0.09 3.82 4.34 1 0.5%
Std-OREAS-256 91 0.32 8.49 7.15 7.66 0.24 6.95 8.37 0 0.0%
Std-OREAS-257 97 0.22 15.3 12.83 14.18 0.26 13.39 14.97 3 1.5%
Std-OREAS-251 33 0.46 0.67 0.50 0.50 0.02 0.46 0.55 0 0.0%
Totals 928 20 2.2%

Table 11-15: CRM performance statistics for Verse Ouest drilling (fire assay)
(LeachWELL tails fire assay) (Source: Endeavour)
Certified
CRM No CRM Min Max Mean Std Dev CRV -3 SD CRV +3 SD Failures % Failures
Value
Std-G901-7 1 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.52 0.06 1.34 1.70 0 0.0%
Std-G306-3 6 8.49 8.88 8.66 8.66 0.33 7.67 9.65 0 0.0%
Std-G912-4 2 1.95 1.98 1.97 1.91 0.09 1.64 2.18 0 0.0%
Std-G311-9 19 9.74 10.2 9.96 10.01 0.48 8.57 11.45 0 0.0%
Std-G913-4 11 1.33 1.43 1.37 1.37 0.04 1.24 1.51 0 0.0%
Std-G396-8 26 4.75 5.05 4.89 4.82 0.29 3.95 5.69 0 0.0%
Totals 65 0 0.0%

Table 11-16: CRM performance statistics for Zia/Zia NE drilling (fire assay) (Source:
Endeavour)
Certified
CRM No CRM Min Max Mean Std Dev CRV -3 SD CRV +3 SD Failures % Failures
Value
Std-G396-8 8 4.73 4.99 4.93 4.82 0.29 3.95 5.69 0 0.0%
Std-G913-4 8 1.35 1.4 1.38 1.37 0.04 1.24 1.51 0 0.0%
Std-G306-3 9 8.59 8.9 8.67 8.66 0.33 7.67 9.65 0 0.0%
Std-G311-9 2 9.7 10.5 10.10 10.01 0.48 8.57 11.45 0 0.0%
Std-G901-7 2 1.46 1.49 1.48 1.52 0.06 1.34 1.70 0 0.0%
Std-G912-4 2 1.85 1.89 1.87 1.91 0.09 1.64 2.18 0 0.0%
Totals 31 0 0.0%

11.6.2 Blanks
Pre-2016 Drilling:

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Three different blanks (Coarse Blank, Fine Blanks and False Blank) were inserted into the
sample stream during the period 2012 to 2016, all of which were analysed at the Bureau Veritas
laboratory. The majority of submissions were Coarse and Fine Blanks which passed both
accuracy and precision tests. There were also a limited number of False Blanks inserted to
check that the laboratory completes assaying of blank samples. These failed the applied
precision test, as was anticipated given the samples were not a true blank but instead had an
unknown expected Au value greater than 0.01Au ppm. The Coarse and Fine Blank types were
locally sourced and collected close to Abidjan. They were a mixture of local barren material
such as beach sand for the Fine Blank and granite from SISAG quarry in Attinguie for the
Coarse Blank, which have been previously tested and confirmed as barren material.
A summary of the blank sample results is presented in Table 11-17. Overall, the Bureau Veritas
laboratory demonstrated analytical accuracy that is considered acceptable at the 95%
confidence limit.

Table 11-17: Performance of blank samples between 2012 and 2016 (Source:
Endeavour)
Certified Value
Laboratory CRM No. Assays Accuracy Test Precision Test % Passing 3SD % Bias Period in Use
(ppm)
Fine Blank 0.01 6,546 Pass Pass 99 0 2012-2015
Bureau Veritas Coarse Blank 0.01 2,723 Pass Pass 100 0 2013-2015
False Blank 0.01 10 Pass Fail 80 0 2013-2015

Post-2016 Drilling at Mont Ity to Walter:

During the review of quality control measures implemented at Mont Ity to Walter between 2017
and 2019, blank samples were treated alongside Au-bearing CRM and as such, are reported
in Section 11.6.1.

Post-2016 Drilling at other Ity Deposits:

For the 2017, 2018 and 2019 programmes, two types of coarse blank material were utilised; a
coarse gravel sized blank to test contamination of the crushing facilities; and a crushed granite
sourced from a quarry near Abidjan, representing a coarse blank. Fine blanks were used to
test for contamination of the pulveriser (bypassing the crusher). A fine river sand sourced from
a river in Abidjan was used for this purpose after being certified blank through analysis at
several labs in Cote d’Ivoire. For the LeachWELL / Tails Fire Assay programme several
commercial blanks from OREAS were also used.
A blank assay is considered a failure by Endeavour if it returns a value greater than 5 times the
detection limit of the assay method.
• Fire Assay Analysis: A total of 11,827 blank samples were inserted into the fire assay
sample stream over the course of the 2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling programmes at the
Colline Sud, Daapleu, Floleu, Verse Ouest, Zia, and Zia NE deposits. The performance of
the blank samples was very good with a total of only 26 failures, as summarised, by deposit
in Table 11-18. Example Coarse and Fine Blank control charts for sampling at Daapleu are
presented in Figure 11-7 and Figure 11-8, respectively.

Table 11-18: Summary statistics of blank sample performance, split by deposit for the
2017-2019 drilling programmes (Source: Endeavour)
Fire Assay Colline Sud Daapleu Floleu Verse Ouest Zia and Zia NE Total
Number of Blanks 527 2,205 8,943 92 60 11,827
Blanks > Detection Limit (0.005
84 59 661 32 13 849
ppm)
Max Blank Grade (ppm Au) 0.04 1.52 9.28 0.02 0.03
Blank Failures (>0.05 ppm Au) 0 6 20 0 0 26
Blank Failures Percentage 0.00% 0.27% 0.22% 0.00% 0.00%

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Figure 11-7: Example Coarse Blank control chart for 2017-2019 sampling at Daapleu
(fire assay analysis at SGS lab) (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 11-8: Example Fine Blank control chart for 2017-2019 sampling at Daapleu (fire
assay analysis at SGS lab) (Source: Endeavour)

• LeachWELL/Tails Fire Assay Analysis: A total of 1,488 blank samples were inserted into
the LeachWELL/ Tails Fire Assay (“TFA”) sample stream during 2017-2019 drilling, all of
which were for drilling at Floleu. Only 636 of these samples had remnant tails material
available for FA analysis.
The performance of the blank samples was generally very good, with only 68 failures. The
fire assay component of the analysis returned a relatively high failure rate when compared
to the LeachWELL process. Given the lack of material remaining after the final fire assay
process, in most cases the failed TFA blanks could not be reconciled. This process differs
from traditional fire assay and has returned slightly higher failure rates over the course of
the 2017-2019 drilling programmes at Floleu, as summarised in Table 11-19. Example
control charts for LeachWELL and Tails Fire Assay analysis of Coarse and Fine Blanks at
Floleu are presented in Figure 11-9 to Figure 11-12, respectively.

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Table 11-19: Summary Statistics of blank samples sent for LW / TFA analysis during
the 2017-2019 drilling programmes at Floleu (Source: Endeavour)
Number of Blanks > Detection Limit Max Blank Grade (ppm Blank Failures (>0.05 Blank Failures
Assay Method
Blanks (0.005 ppm) Au) ppm Au) Percentage
Leachwell 1,488 68 0.09 5 0.34%
Tails Fire Assay 636 29 1.377 11 1.73%

Figure 11-9: Example Coarse Blank control chart for 2017-2019 sampling at Floleu
(LeachWELL analysis at ALS-Chemex, Ouagadougou) (Source:
Endeavour)

Figure 11-10: Example Fine Blank control chart for 2017-2019 sampling at Floleu
(Leachwell analysis at ALS-Chemex, Ouagadougou) (Source: Endeavour)

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Figure 11-11: Example Coarse Blank control chart for 2017-2019 sampling at Floleu
(Tails Fire Assay analysis at ALS-Chemex, Ouagadougou) (Source:
Endeavour)

Figure 11-12: Example Fine Blank control chart for 2017-2019 sampling at Floleu (Tails
Fire Assay analysis at ALS-Chemex, Ouagadougou) (Source: Endeavour)

11.6.3 Duplicate Samples

The precision of sampling and analytical results can be measured by re-analysing a portion of
the same sample using the same methodology. The variance between the results is a measure
of their precision.
Precision is affected by mineralogical factors such as grain size and distribution and
inconsistencies in the sample preparation and analysis processes. There are a number of
different duplicate sample types which can be used to determine the precision for the sampling
process, sample preparation and analysis.

Pre-2016 Drilling:
Measurement of the relative precision error between paired duplicate sample data was based
on the average coefficient of variation (“ACV”) during the 2016 review. Approximate guidelines

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for assessing analytical quality allows for a maximum ACV of around 40% for field duplicates
in gold deposits with very coarse grained nuggety gold and 30% for a coarse- to medium
grained gold deposit.
The field duplicate assays for data collected between 2012 to 2016 were within the acceptable
ACV limits for Au, with an average ACV of 30% for RC and 36% for DD samples, after applying
a 0.10ppmAu mineralised threshold to the data. The field duplicate assays carried out at ALS
in 2012 were outside of the acceptable ACV limits for Diamond but acceptable for RC. These
limited number of duplicate fails are discussed further in the 2016 Ity CIL Project NI 43-101
Technical Report.
Across all duplicate types, there were 37 failed samples with >150% difference between the
original and duplicate results. On closer examination and after applying the 0.10ppmAu
mineralised threshold, many of the failed assay results were significant. The poor correlation
could indicate issues with the field sampling procedures or relate specifically to mineral
distribution as a consequence of the poor correlation between assays from the original half core
sample and the quarter core duplicate sample. Coarse and Pulp duplicates passed just within
the acceptable limit.
The duplicate performance is summarised in Table 11 20, with an example scatter plot for a
selection of duplicates presented in Figure 11 13.

Table 11-20: Summary of duplicate performance for samples collected between 2012
and 2016 (Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-101, 2016)
Absolute For Filtered Data >0.1 ppm Au
Absolov
No. Relative Period in
Type Lab Guidelines Assays Assays Assays
Samples Average ACV % Use
Pass/Fail within 10% within 20% within 50%
Difference
Field ALS Vs ALS_RC 246 Pass 4.4 35.4 34 53 78 2012
Field ALS Vs ALS_DD 208 Fail -1.8 48.9 17 31 62 2012
Field ALS Vs Unk_DD 178 Fail -11.7 56.1 16 34 65 2012
Field SMI Vs ALS_DD 99 Fail -60.9 59 6 17 50 2012
Field SMI Vs ALS_RC;DD 15 Fail -115.5 87.6 7 7 7 2012
Field Veritas_Vs_Unk_DD 15 Pass -11.2 41.1 18 36 73 2012
Veritas_Vs_Unk
Field _RC;AC 213 Pass -1.5 28.7 35 61 86 2013
Field Veritas_Vs_Veritas_RC:AC 1625 Pass -0.5 31.2 39 60 85 2011-2016
Field Veritas_Vs_Veritas_DD 3870 Pass -0.9 36 25 45 77 2012-2015
Pulp Veritas_Vs_Veritas_DD;RC 546 Pass 1.2 19.4 55 78 94 2014-2015
Coarse Veritas_Vs_Veritas_DD;RC;AC 747 Pass -2.7 22.2 40.2 70 93 2014-2015
Umpire Veritas_Vs_Unk_DD;RC 142 Fail 6 76.6 11 19 49 2012
Umpire SMI Vs ALS_RC;DD 15 Fail -115.5 87.6 7 7 7 2012
Umpire SMI Vs ALS_DD 99 Fail -60.9 59 6 17 50 2012

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Figure 11-13: Scatter plot of original versus duplicates for a selection of duplicate
sample from between 2012 and 2016 (Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-101,
2016)

Post-2016 Drilling at Mont Ity to Walter

In 2017, 2018 and 2019 samples were sent to both the onsite Ity mine lab managed by SGS
and to the Bureau Veritas laboratory (Abidjan).
Internal and external third party (Cube Consulting) independent reviews were completed for
duplicate sample performance for grade control (“GC”) and resource development (“RDV”) drill
hole samples from Mont Ity to Walter for the period 2017 to 2019. No significant issues were
reported and the following is a summary of the key findings from the completed reviews.
The results for pairs of duplicate samples (original and duplicate) are plotted as scatter plots
and relative paired difference plots (“RPD”). Scatter plots allow for direct comparison of the
data pairs and the assessment of general dispersion, data regression and the presence of any
outliers – an example is presented in Figure 11-14. RPD plots evaluate the coefficient of
variation for each pair (difference between pairs relative to the pair mean) and allow the
measurement of the relative precision error between pairs based on the Average Coefficient of
Variation (“ACV%”).
All the statistics for duplicate paired assay data were filtered using only data above 0.1ppmAu,
which was considered the threshold for mineralised material. This application of a threshold
avoids the precision data being negatively biased by values at or near the detection limit.
The results for each type of duplicate samples by drill programme (GC or RDV) are summarised
in Table 11-21 and Table 11-22.
• Grade Control Samples: In the Grade Control dataset, the laboratoryID is unknown, there
were 8,167 field duplicate samples included in the dataset provided, of which 5,727 were
within the mineralised threshold after applying a filter of >0.10g/tAu. The ACV% for these
samples falls within acceptable ranges for a sample of this type (<40% ACV%).

Table 11-21: Summary of duplicate performance for samples collected between 2012
and 2016 (Source: Ity CIL Project NI 43-101, 2016)
N > 0.1ppm
QC Type Lab N ACV% Within 10% Within 20% Within 50% Comments
Au
Within acceptable range (20-40); 15 pairs
Field Unknown 8,167 5,727 29.2% 34.2% 56.8% 84.9%
>110% diff

• Resource Definition Samples: In the Resource Definition dataset, 3 duplicate types were

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presented – because the LaboratoryID is unknown and the date_received and labjobno data
was unavailable, these were graphed according to duplicate type.
There were 389 field duplicates included, of which 225 were within the ‘mineralised’
threshold after applying a filter of >0.10g/tAu. The ACV for these samples falls within
acceptable ranges for a sample of this type (<40% ACV%) at 38.9%.
There were 313 Coarse duplicates (“CDUP” - unconfirmed), included, of which 187 were
within the mineralised threshold after applying a filter of >0.10g/tAu. The ACV for these
samples falls just outside of acceptable ranges for a sample of this type (20% to 30%ACV),
at 31.5%. There are 7 pairs where the difference is >110% which are adversely affecting
the result and further investigation was recommended (Ity to Walter NI 43-101, 2019).
There were 310 pulp duplicates included (“PDUP”), of which 187 were within the mineralised
threshold after applying a filter of >0.10g/tAu. The ACV for these samples falls outside of
acceptable ranges for a sample of this type (10%ACV to 20%ACV), at 33.5%. There are 13
pairs where the difference is >110% which are adversely affecting the result and further
investigation was recommended (Ity to Walter NI 43-101, 2019).
It was flagged that it is important to include the laboratory ID, lab job and date_completed
and holeID metadata in the dataset to provide enough information required to assist in
making informed decisions when reviewing the data.

Table 11-22: Duplicate Performance – Resource Development (Source: Ity CIL Project
NI 43-101, 2016)
N > 0.1ppm Within
QC Type Lab N ACV% Within 10% Within 20% Comments
Au 50%
Within acceptable range (20-40%); 15
Field Unknown 389 225 38.9% 24.9% 40% 74.7%
pairs >110% diff
Just outside of acceptable range (20-
Coarse Reject Unknown 313 187 31.5% 31% 52.4% 85%
30%); 7 pairs >110% diff
Outside of acceptable range (10-20%);
Pulp Unknown 310 187 33.5% 35.8% 54.5% 79.7%
13 pairs >110% diff

Figure 11-14: Example field duplicate scatterplot (original versus duplicate assay
values) (Source: Cube Consulting)

Post-2016 Drilling at other Ity Deposits

Endeavour has applied several procedures for assessing the precision of field, coarse crush
and pulp duplicates during the 2017-2019 drilling programmes. A tolerance value is calculated
for individual duplicate pairs based on the mean grade of each pair, the lower limit of detection
for the analytical method used, and the method precision, as determined by the laboratory. The

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absolute relative difference is then calculated for each pair and if the result exceeds the
calculated tolerance the duplicate pair is considered to have failed. The precision tolerance for
duplicate pairs decreases from field duplicates to coarse crush and finally to pulp duplicates.
The degree of correspondence between duplicate sample pairs has been assessed graphically
using X-Y scatter plots (e.g. Figure 11-15) and plots of relative difference versus the sample
pair mean grade (e.g. Figure 11-16 ).
• Fire Assay Analysis Duplicates: The performance of field duplicates during the 2017,
2018 and 2019 RC, AC and DDH drilling programmes at the Daapleu, Floleu, Verse Ouest,
Zia, and Zia NE deposits was generally within acceptable limits. For the Colline Sud deposit,
duplicate data from drilling completed in late 2016 is also summarised here as it was
obtained after the 2016 NI 43-101 Technical Report data cut-off date. The field duplicates
for this period of drilling also performed within acceptable limits.
The failure rate of the lab-generated coarse crush duplicates and pulp duplicates are
generally higher than Field duplicates due to the calculated tolerances used by Endeavour
narrowing significantly from Field Duplicates to Coarse Crush and finally to Pulp Duplicates.
For the Colline Sud deposit, the laboratory generated coarse and pulp duplicate
performance was within acceptable limits. For drilling at the Verse Ouest deposits the failure
rate was 0%. The failure rate of the lab-generated duplicates at Zia and Zia NE drilling was
elevated, however this was based on only 10 coarse crush duplicates and 12 pulp duplicates
for 3 drill holes. The failure rate of the coarse crush duplicates (8.6%) and pulp duplicates
(10.5%) at Daapleu was elevated. Most of these samples were analysed at the SGS Ity
mine lab during 2017, where it has been demonstrated that quality control standards were
not in accordance with industry best practice. In 2019 new procedures were put in place to
more closely monitor the performance of the SGS Ity Mine lab and ensure the poor
performance did not continue. The failure rate of the lab-generated duplicates on the Floleu
deposit was also elevated (14.8% and 23.4% for coarse crush and pulp duplicates,
respectively). In this case it was a combination of poor performance by the SGS Ity Mine
lab and the prevalence of coarse, nuggety gold in this deposit.
During 2018, more controls were introduced during field sampling for drilling samples. A
dedicated sampling facility was constructed to facilitate the processing of AC and RC
cyclone derived samples in a clean, controlled environment away from the drilling rigs. This
allowed the sample splitting team to generate more evenly split samples, reducing bias,
particularly when handling samples containing coarse gold. In 2019 this facility was
evaluated and upgraded to facilitate further improvements.
Despite the high failure rates for some deposits detailed above, overall, there was no
significant bias present in the lab-generated duplicate samples analysed by Fire Assay. All
true duplicate failures were re-assayed.
Example scatterplots for field, coarse crush and pulp duplicates of diamond drill hole
samples analysed by conventional fire assay methods are presented in Figure 11-15 to
Figure 11-20 inclusive.

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Figure 11-15: Example X-Y scatterplot showing original sample versus field duplicate
gold grades (g/t) with ±30% relative difference failure lines marked
(Daapleu – Onsite SGS Lab – Fire Assay – DDH Samples) (Source:
Endeavour)

Figure 11-16: Example plot of relative difference versus field duplicate sample pair
average grades (g/tAu) (Daapleu – Onsite SGS Lab – Fire Assay - DDH
Samples) (Source: Endeavour)

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Figure 11-17: Example X-Y scatterplot showing original sample versus coarse crush
duplicate gold grades (g/t) with ±30% relative difference failure lines
marked (Daapleu – Onsite SGS Lab – Fire Assay - DDH Samples) (Source:
Endeavour)

Figure 11-18: Example plot of relative difference versus coarse crush duplicate sample
pair average grades (g/tAu) (Daapleu – Onsite SGS Lab – Fire Assay - DDH
Samples) (Source: Endeavour)

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Figure 11-19: Example X-Y scatterplot showing original sample versus pulp duplicate
gold grades (g/t) with ±30% relative difference failure lines marked
(Daapleu – Onsite SGS Lab – Fire Assay - DDH Samples) (Source:
Endeavour)

Figure 11-20: Example plot of relative difference versus pulp duplicate sample pair
average grades (g/tAu) (Daapleu – Onsite SGS Lab – Fire Assay - DDH
Samples) (Source: Endeavour)

The Floleu deposit contains pockets of coarse gold. This presents a challenge when attempting
to analyse representative samples by an assaying method reliant on a small sample size, such
as Fire Assay.
In 2018 the team at the Ity project investigated the effectiveness of using LeachWELL (“LW”) /
Tails Fire Assay (“TFA”) analysis for drill hole samples from the Floleu deposits, including Le
Plaque. LW / TFA requires a much larger, and potentially more representative sample and thus
it was hoped that it would be more likely to provide a more representative gold assay for material
with inherently nuggety mineralisation. For many samples extracted from holes drilled in the
Floleu deposit that had already had 50gram Fire Assay analysis, an associated reference

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sample (Field Witness sample) was collected and submitted to the Bureau Veritas laboratory
(Abidjan) for 1kg LW/TFA analysis.
The team at the Ity project erroneously sent one CRM for each 20 sample sequence and
requested that the LW tails from this single CRM be analysed by Fire Assay (TFA protocol).
The result was a CRM with minimal gold content and therefore a lack of CRM representation
for the associated sample sequence. Additionally, there were many other QA/QC failures
associated with the analysis due to poorly executed LW / TFA procedures at the laboratory. As
a result, the first round of LW/TFA data was excluded from further interpretation.
A second round of reference samples was submitted to ALS-Chemex (Ouagadougou) for LW /
TFA analysis with 2 CRM for each 20 sample sequence. For consistency, the Ity team
requested ALS-Chemex to continue to apply the TFA protocol to the CRM used for LW analysis.
This was in addition to requesting the lab to insert a new CRM attributed to the TFA analysis,
specifically. This resulted in one CRM sample with minimal gold content and a second CRM at
the sample position with the correct certified gold value. The CRM with minimal gold was not
considered a QAQC sample and thus this data has been excluded from the analysis of CRM in
this report.
Despite the improved processes employed at the ALS-Chemex laboratory for creating more
evenly split samples, the presence of coarse gold in the samples contributed to a higher than
normal failure rate. Part of this may be attributed to the tolerance calculations employed by
Endeavour to assess lab generated duplicates. These calculations were designed for 250g
Fire Assay samples, whereas a 1kg sample is generated during sample preparation for LW /
TFA analysis.
Duplicate results for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling programmes (as well as late-2016 drilling
at Colline Sud) are summarised below in Table 11-23 to Table 11-28.

Table 11-23: Summary of field duplicate statistics for the late-2016, 2017, 2018 and
2019 drilling programmes at Colline Sud, Daapleu, Verse Ouest and
Zia/Zia NE (fire assay)
Fire Assay
Field Duplicates
Colline Sud Daapleu Verse Ouest Zia and Zia NE
No. Duplicates 164 1043 27 23
No. Duplicate Pairs > D.L. 149 728 22 23
No. Duplicate Failures 1 0.61% 13 1.25% 0 0.00% 0 0.00%
Original Duplicate Original Duplicate Original Duplicate Original Duplicate
Mean Grade 0.396 0.394 0.396 0.395 0.126 0.134 0.167 0.174
Minimum Grade 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.020 0.020
Maximum Grade 14.84 16.02 66.100 52.900 2.750 2.760 0.580 0.710
Median Grade 0.14 0.12 0.020 0.020 0.010 0.020 0.110 0.110
Variance 1.47 1.67 5.40 4.04 0.28 0.28 0.03 0.03
Standard Deviation 1.21 1.29 2.32 2.01 0.53 0.53 0.16 0.18
Coefficient of Variation 3.06 3.28 5.87 5.08 4.17 3.94 0.96 1.03
Correlation Coefficient 0.99 0.98 1.00 0.97
% Difference Between Means 0.6% 0.06% 5.99% 4.33%

Table 11-24: Summary of coarse crush duplicate statistics for the 2017, 2018 and 2019
drilling programmes at Colline Sud, Daapleu, Verse Ouest and Zia/Zia NE
(fire assay)
Coarse Crush Fire Assay
Duplicates Colline Sud Daapleu Verse Ouest Zia and Zia NE
No. Duplicates 161 476 26 10
No. Duplicate Pairs > D.L. 148 295 19 10
No. Duplicate Failures 2 1.24% 41 8.61% 0 0.00% 2 20.00%
Original Duplicate Original Duplicate Original Duplicate Original Duplicate
Mean Grade 0.313 0.319 0.337 0.330 0.070 0.077 0.384 0.306
Minimum Grade 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.050 0.020
Maximum Grade 4.93 5.58 25.900 22.200 0.980 1.050 2.130 1.680
Median Grade 0.1 0.08 0.020 0.020 0.010 0.020 0.200 0.175
Variance 0.45 0.51 2.15 1.80 0.04 0.04 0.39 0.24
Standard Deviation 0.67 0.71 1.47 1.34 0.20 0.21 0.63 0.49
Coefficient of Variation 2.14 2.24 4.35 4.06 2.85 2.74 1.63 1.62
Correlation Coefficient 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00
% Difference Between Means 1.8% 2.1% 9.6% 22.6%

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Table 11-25: Summary of pulp duplicate statistics for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling
programmes at Colline Sud, Daapleu, Verse Ouest and Zia/Zia NE (fire
assay)
Fire Assay
Pulp Duplicates
Colline Sud Daapleu Verse Ouest Zia and Zia NE
No. Duplicates 161 487 25 12
No. Duplicate Pairs > D.L. 141 303 17 12
No. Duplicate Failures 4 2.48% 51 10.47% 0 0.00% 3 25.00%
Original Duplicate Original Duplicate Original Duplicate Original Duplicate
Mean Grade 0.344 0.347 0.288 0.280 0.023 0.027 0.796 0.753
Minimum Grade 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.010
Maximum Grade 7.54 8.25 12.400 14.900 0.140 0.150 4.590 4.470
Median Grade 0.09 0.07 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.010 0.260 0.335
Variance 0.81 0.86 0.81 0.88 0.001 0.001 1.74 1.56
Standard Deviation 0.9 0.93 0.90 0.94 0.030 0.037 1.32 1.25
Coefficient of Variation 2.62 2.68 3.12 3.36 1.314 1.398 1.66 1.66
Correlation Coefficient 1.00 0.95 0.93 0.99
% Difference Between Means 0.9% 2.8% 14.4% 5.5%

Table 11-26: Summary of field duplicate statistics for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling
programmes at Floleu
Fire Assay Leachwell Leachwell Tails Fire Assay
Field Duplicates
Floleu Floleu Floleu
No. Duplicates 6982 463 456
No. Duplicate Pairs > D.L. 5918 417 427
No. Duplicate Failures 75 1.07% 34 7.34% 8 1.75%
Original Duplicate Original Duplicate Original Duplicate
Mean Grade 0.364 0.365 0.040 0.359 0.468 0.364
Minimum Grade 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.001 0.005
Maximum Grade 78.700 80.800 4.390 49.300 59.900 49.300
Median Grade 0.040 0.040 0.010 0.040 0.035 0.050
Variance 8.27 8.03 0.06 6.84 12.00 6.95
Standard Deviation 2.88 2.83 0.25 2.62 3.46 2.64
Coefficient of Variation 7.89 7.77 6.35 7.28 7.40 7.24
Correlation Coefficient 0.95 0.75 0.97
% Difference Between Means 0.16% 159.9% 25.0%

Table 11-27: Summary of coarse crush duplicate statistics for the 2017, 2018 and 2019
drilling programmes at Floleu
Fire Assay Leachwell Leachwell Tails Fire Assay
Coarse Crush Duplicates
Floleu Floleu Floleu
No. Duplicates 890 419 417
No. Duplicate Pairs > D.L. 820 392 386
No. Duplicate Failures 82 9.21% 40 9.55% 47 11.27%
Original Duplicate Original Duplicate Original Duplicate
Mean Grade 0.328 0.380 0.037 0.456 0.463 0.457
Minimum Grade 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.001 0.005
Maximum Grade 46.200 44.000 1.750 44.000 46.550 44.000
Median Grade 0.040 0.050 0.010 0.040 0.030 0.040
Variance 4.11 4.35 0.02 6.91 7.36 6.93
Standard Deviation 2.03 2.09 0.15 2.63 2.71 2.63
Coefficient of Variation 6.19 5.50 3.97 5.76 5.86 5.75
Correlation Coefficient 0.91 0.72 0.99
% Difference Between Means 14.8% 170.2% 1.2%

Table 11-28: Summary of pulp duplicate statistics for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling
programmes at Floleu
Fire Assay Leachwell Leachwell Tails Fire Assay
Pulp Duplicates
Floleu Floleu Floleu
No. Duplicates 890 408 404
No. Duplicate Pairs > D.L. 821 372 383
No. Duplicate Failures 89 10.00% 25 6.13% 44 10.89%
Original Duplicate Original Duplicate Original Duplicate
Mean Grade 0.241 0.304 0.024 0.258 0.216 0.260
Minimum Grade 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.001 0.005
Maximum Grade 23.300 23.200 0.960 18.000 13.015 18.000
Median Grade 0.040 0.040 0.010 0.050 0.043 0.050
Variance 1.64 2.34 0.00 1.66 0.80 1.68
Standard Deviation 1.28 1.53 0.07 1.29 0.90 1.30
Coefficient of Variation 5.33 5.03 2.78 4.99 4.14 4.97
Correlation Coefficient 0.77 0.18 0.66
% Difference Between Means 23.4% 166.3% 18.6%

11.6.4 Treatment of QAQC Failures

Endeavour’s policy at Ity dictates that for failed blank, duplicate or CRM samples, an initial
internal assessment is undertaken to determine whether there were any data mishandling or
miscoding issues in the database. The original paper sample log is verified against the digital
database entry. For CRM failures, photographs taken upon insertion are used to verify the
CRM type. Assay results and sample weights are assessed in order to verify that the sample

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in question is, in fact a QAQC sample. In the case of duplicates, the two duplicate pairs should
be of very similar weights. In the case of CRM, the weight is significantly lower than a drill hole
sample (0.5kg to 0.6kg versus 2+ kg). Failed blanks are sent for re-assay in all cases.
Failed duplicates are further assessed. Where gold values in the duplicate pair are high-grade
and there is a large contrast between the original and duplicate samples, these samples are
assumed to be in a zone of coarse gold and no re-assay is requested. If the contrast between
samples is within normal failure ranges a re-assay is requested.
Where a failed CRM was inserted into a sample stream from a zone devoid of gold
mineralization the lab is informed of the failure, however a re-assay request is not made to the
lab. If the failed CRM occurred in a zone of gold mineralization, the lab is informed of the failure
and a re-assay request made to the lab.
For all failed QA/QC samples, an interval is requested to be re-assayed including the failed
QA/QC sample and all samples above and below - generally, 5 samples above and 5 samples
below the failed QAQC sample are chosen.
Where samples are sent for fire assay analysis the lab is instructed to first take an additional
50-60 g sample from the originally prepared 250g pulp. If the re-assay sequence includes
CRM, replacement CRM are provided. If the pulp re-assay results in a further failure, the lab is
instructed to pulverize and re-assay another sub-sample. Should this also fail, a new sample
is sent from the project site.
Where samples are sent for LeachWELL (“LW”) assay analysis the lab is instructed to return to
the coarse crush reject split and extract an additional 1kg sample. This 1kg sample is
completely pulverized to provide the necessary material for a bottle roll leach. For the tails
remnant after leaching, where possible, as additional 50grams is extracted from the original
tails pulp and sent for additional fire assaying. However, the quantity of tails generated after
leaching is usually insufficient to form more than one 50g pulp. As such, in most cases, the
failed QAQC sample cannot be reconciled.

11.6.5 QA/QC Summary and Recommendations

Pre-2016 Drilling:
The following recommendations were made in the 2016 Cube Consulting QAQC review of the
Mont Ity to Walter, Zia NE, Daapleu, Gbéitouo, Aires and Verse Ouest & Teckraie deposits:
• A review of Laboratory ID; Laboratory Method; Laboratory Job number data is required
between records in Summary despatch; QA/QC and Assay tables to ensure consistent
information is recorded;
• Reduce down to one of each of the similarly valued CRM identified;
• Coarse reject samples for the mineralized zones in each batch should be retained for a
period of time and be the primary source of Field duplicates for DD. The coarse rejects can
be used as duplicate samples to perform additional checks on the precision and
reproducibility of results from the primary laboratory. These samples are of superior quality
repeatability than ¼ coring as a field duplicate;
• Coarse reject and pulp duplicates should be focused on mineralized zones after the original
results have been received and reviewed. Precision and accuracy of non-mineralised
samples outside of mineralised areas are of limited value;
• It is recommended that umpire duplicate assaying (either coarse rejects or pulps) be carried
out at an alternate laboratory on a routine basis. Representative pulps should be chosen
from mineralised zones and submitted to a secondary umpire laboratory on a regular basis

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to determine whether there is any assay bias at the primary laboratory. Recommended 3-
5% of DDH samples; and
• A review of all duplicate types is required to clearly define each category and allow for clean
individual export per category.
The recommendations (with the exception of those repeated in the 2019 review) were
implemented by the Ity team in 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Post-2016 Drilling at Mont Ity to Walter:

Following the 2019 review of quality control sampling for drilling at Mont Ity to Walter between
2017 and 2019, the results of internal and independent third party (Cube Consulting) reviews
highlighted the following recommendations:
• Grade Control Samples: The CRM pass rate is very good across all laboratories with 38
CRM passing in both accuracy and precision and only 3 precision failures. The field
duplicates are also within an acceptable range.
The following summary highlights the issues found during the review:
− The insertion rate for Field Duplicates is unable to be calculated accurately due to lack
of metadata. – No Hole_ID or Labjob or date_completed data.
− There were no umpire or coarse reject duplicates presented in the dataset.
− The insertion rate for CRM is unable to be calculated accurately due to lack of metadata.
− CRM expected values and standard deviations were verified against certificates and
found to be different to those recorded in the CRM_Reference table for two CRMs.
− There are 27 misclassified CRM – due to lack of date_completed information these could
not be renamed and included in the review.
− There are 16 failed samples which should be investigated for contamination or possible
swapped in sequence.
− Multiple CRM with a similar expected value is unnecessary and inefficient.
The following recommendations to address the identified issues are summarised below:
− Incorporate coarse reject and field duplicate sampling as part of the routine QC
procedures to enable continued monitoring of the precision and accuracy of the sample
preparation methods and associated sampling error. Insertion rates into the sample
stream should be in the order of 5-10%. See Table 11-29 for recommended insertion
rates.
− Umpire laboratory duplicates are essential in determining any assay bias at the primary
laboratory. It is recommended that 3% to 5% of mineralised samples are submitted to
an alternative laboratory for check assay.
− Regular wet screening of the pulp should be undertaken, and grind size data monitored
on a routine basis to provide complete quality monitoring of all laboratory processes and
compliance with assay contracts.
− Limit the CRM to one per grade range to give a more meaningful number for overall
analysis.
− Data should be supplied with a hole_id and interval reference to assist in being able to
calculate statistics based on how much QC was inserted for each drill hole and drill type.
Field duplicates for instances should be run separately by sample type, i.e. RC or Half
Core etc. This also assists when trying to establish if samples may have been swapped
in sequence.
− It is recommended that certain data Issues identified from the reviews be addressed,

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however these are not considered to be significant with respect to the geological
modelling or the current Mineral Resources as reported herein.

Table 11-29: Summary of pulp duplicate statistics for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling
programmes at Floleu
Control Sample Type Purpose % of Samples
CRM Accuracy and Precision of analytical technique 3%
Blank Check sample contamination in sample preparation 2%
Field Duplicates (RC Only) Measures entire sampling precision/error
5-10%
Coarse Reject Duplicates Monitor adequacy of sample preparation
Umpire Pulp Duplicates Assess primary laboratory for assay bias and precision 3-5%
Grind Checks Monitor sample preparation for uniform particle size 1%

• Resource Development Samples: The CRM pass rate is very good across all laboratories
with 11 CRM passing in both accuracy and precision and only 2 minor precision failures.
The field duplicates are also within an acceptable range. The following summary highlights
the issues found during the review:
− The insertion rate for Field Duplicates is unable to be calculated accurately due to lack
of metadata. – No Hole_ID or Labjob or date_completed data.
− The Coarse duplicates show an ACV% of 31% which is just outside of acceptable range
(20-30%), there are 7 pairs of samples which show a >110% difference and should be
investigated.
− The Pulp duplicate show an ACV% of 35.8% which is outside of acceptable range (10-
20%), there are 13 pairs of samples which show a >110% difference and should be
investigated.
− The insertion rate for CRM is unable to be calculated accurately due to lack of metadata.
− There are 27 misclassified CRM – due to lack of date_completed information these could
not be renamed and included in the review.
− There are 16 failed samples which should be investigated for contamination or possible
swapped in sequence.
− Multiple CRM with a similar expected value is unnecessary and inefficient.
The following recommendations to address the identified issues are summarised below:
− Coarse duplicates recommended for mineralise d samples only – all data <0.10 ppm is
excluded from the review due to Au variability closer to detection. There is no laboratory
ID or lab job for this data so the data could not be run per laboratory or identified within
certain lab jobs.
Based on the QA/QC review undertaken, the Qualified Person concludes that the gold
sample data is of sufficient quality for use in Mineral Resource estimation at Mont Ity to
Walter.

Post-2016 Drilling at other Ity Deposits:

The QAQC procedures followed during the Colline Sud, Daapleu, Floleu, Verse Ouest, Zia, and
Zia NE RC, AC and DDH drilling programmes during 2017, 2018 and 2019 were in accordance
with industry standards, with 1 blank and 1 CRM sample per 20 regular submissions. For
duplicates a sequence was followed whereby one field, coarse crush or pulp duplicate was
inserted per 20 samples. Sample batches with failed QAQC samples were reviewed and re-
assayed or partially re-assayed where appropriate. Table 11-30 summarizes the main QAQC
results for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 drilling programmes.

Table 11-30: Summary of QAQC results for the 2017-2019 drilling

Deposit Blanks
Fire Assay LeachWELL Leachwell Tails Fire Assay

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Number Failures Failure % Number Failures Failure % Number Failures Failure %

Colline Sud 528 0 0.00
Daapleu 2205 6 0.27
Floleu 8943 20 0.22 1488 5 0.34 636 11 1.73
Verse Ouest 92 0 0.00
Zia/Zia NE 60 0 0.00
Certified Reference Material
Deposit
Fire Assay LeachWELL LeachWELL Tails Fire Assay
Number Failures Failure Number Failures Failure Number Failures Failure
Colline Sud 8 0 0.00
Daapleu 1764 8 0.45
Floleu 7732 220 2.85 1227 19 1.55 928 20 2.16
Verse Ouest 65 0 0.00
Zia/Zia NE 31 0 0.00
Field Duplicates
Deposit
Fire Assay LeachWELL LeachWELL Tails Fire Assay
Number Failures Failure Number Failures Failure Number Failures Failure
Colline Sud 453 1 0.61
Daapleu 1043 13 1.25
Floleu 6982 75 1.07 463 34 7.34 456 8 1.75
Verse Ouest 27 0 0.00
Zia/Zia NE 23 0 0.00
Coarse Crush Duplicates
Deposit
Fire Assay LeachWELL LeachWELL Tails Fire Assay
Number Failures Failure Number Failures Failure Number Failures Failure
Colline Sud 161 2 1.24
Daapleu 476 41 8.61
Floleu 890 82 9.21 419 40 9.55 418 47 11.24
Verse Ouest 26 0 0.00
Zia/Zia NE 10 2 20.00
Pulp Duplicates
Deposit
Fire Assay LeachWELL LeachWELL Tails Fire Assay
Number Failures Failure Number Failures Failure Number Failures Failure
Colline Sud 161 4 2.48
Daapleu 487 51 10.47
Floleu 890 89 10.00 408 25 6.13 404 44 10.89
Verse Ouest 25 0 0.00
Zia/Zia NE 12 0 0.00

The relatively high failure rate in Blanks and CRM for drilling over the Le Plaque (Floleu)
deposits has been attributed to poor performance by the SGS mine labs used by the Ity team.
Mine labs tend not to operate under the same strict quality control policies as commercial labs
and are better optimised for rapid turnaround. The Ity exploration team planned to continue to
partially utilise the services of the Ity mine on site SGS lab and therefore procedures were put
in place in 2019 by the Endeavour Exploration database and quality control manager in
collaboration with the Ity Exploration team to increase the level of vigilance of the onsite SGS
lab. The preparation lab was moved directly next to the Ity Exploration sample management
facility. This allowed the Ity team to directly monitor the prep lab team to ensure they were
following procedures effectively and with care. The Ity team commenced weekly visits to the
lab to review the Fire Assay, Wet lab and AAS facilities.
The CRM arrive on-site from the manufacturer with a label indicating the type of CRM. In the
past this label was removed and placed on the paper sample log or sample ticket book, however
many instances of sample swapping at the lab were encountered. To control this, the concept
of recording the CRM with photographs was introduced. The sample bag, along with sample
ticket and CRM sachet with affixed label are photographed. When apparent sample swaps
occur at the lab, these photographs are reviewed to verify if there was a data entry error,
insertion error or true sample swap at the lab.
The high failure rate of lab prepared Coarse Crush and pulveriser derived Pulp duplicates was
a combination of poor performance by the SGS mine labs used by the Ity team and the
occurrence of coarse gold in the Le Plaque (Floleu) deposits.
Mitigation of poor performance at the Ity mine on site SGS lab has been mentioned above.
The control of coarse gold effects has been addressed in the field for samples produced by
destructive drills (RC and ARC). A sample processing facility has been built close to the Le
Plaque (Floleu) deposit sites. All samples collected from the cyclone are taken directly from the
drill rig to the sampling management facility. This reduces the likelihood of heavy material
settling in the up to 50kg sample bags. The sampling facility has been built on level concrete
slabs with metal roofs for protection from rain. Several riffle splitters are set up in sequence.

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Several associated splitting teams are closely managed by sampling geotechnicians whose
sole responsibility it is to ensure that samples are properly handled during splitting procedures.
This is key to generating a properly distributed field duplicate containing coarse gold. In a more
typical setup where one splitter is assigned to one drill, sample control quality is often much
lower due to the fast pace of destructive drilling and the many responsibilities of a geotechnician
stationed next to a drill, for example: managing drilling logistics, sampling logistics and logging,
in addition to sample splitting and handling.
Mitigation of duplicate failures in drill core is nearly impossible. When two quarter-core samples
from a nuggety gold deposit are sent to the lab for analysis, there is a very high likelihood that
the coarse gold grains will not be evenly distributed in the two core quarters. Therefore, when
assay batches are received, the internal Endeavour QAQC for duplicates from analysis is
analysed with both statistical and subjective processes. If there is a large disparity between
the original and duplicate sample and the sample was taken in a zone of high-grade
mineralisation, the failure is attributed to coarse gold effect and no re-assay is requested.
Although the results of LeachWELL/Tails Fire Assay QAQC analysis at Floleu have been
presented here, after a series of trials at the Bureau Veritas laboratory (Abidjan) and the
external ALS-Chemex laboratory in Ouagadougou, the Endeavour Exploration team concluded
that there was no advantage to using the more expensive and complex (sampling logistics) LW
/ TFA protocol for analysis of drilling samples. As such the Floleu/Le Plaque Mineral Resource
estimate was generated with the conventional fire assay analyses only.

11.7 Density Analysis

SMI and Endeavour have historically used various methodologies to measure bulk density at
Ity depending on the type of material. Three general methods have been used and are
described as ‘hydrostatic’, ‘filled volume’ and ‘volume displacement’:
• Hydrostatic method: This uses a whole core sample and consists of taking a measurement
of the mass of the core in air and suspended in water. Porous samples are covered with
plastic wrap (food grade) or paraffin wax before immersion in water. Densities are normally
measured on dry samples however where samples are not dried, this is documented, and a
separate calculation is used. The density is calculated as the ratio: (dry weight)/((dry weight-
suspended weight));
• Filled volume method: This is used for unconsolidated material from DD core or RC drilling.
For this method a container of known mass is filled, lightly compacted and weighed. The
density is calculated as the ratio of mass to volume; and
• Volume displacement method: This uses a graduated cylinder filled to a set volume. A
piece or pieces of rock are immersed in the water and the change in volume recorded. This
method has a large error due to the lack of accuracy of the graduated cylinder used for
measurement. This method has only been used where the other two methods are not
feasible. The density is calculated as the ratio: (Rock mass)/(Change in volume).

11.8 Chain of Custody and Sample Security

All DDH core and RC samples are transported at the end of every shift to the Company’s secure
sample facility adjacent to the Ity Exploration office. The sample facility has 24-hour security
provided by an independent security firm who monitor activities in the lab as well as the broader
exploration site facilities. Once the DDH core is sampled, both RC and DDH samples have the
QA/QC samples inserted into the sample stream by Company personnel prior to dispatch to
the laboratory. Samples are placed in sealed and numbered polyweave or plastic bags for
transport. The samples are delivered by batch to the laboratory by Company personnel. Upon

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receipt, the laboratory personnel signed off on the secure receipt of all the samples.

11.9 Risks and Opportunities

To date no significant risks and opportunities have been identified in respect of sample
preparation and security as practice at the Ity Gold Mine.

11.10 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations

All aspects of the collection, preparation and dispatch of drill samples were carried out by
Endeavour. The sample collection and preparation, analytical techniques, security and QA/QC
protocols implemented are consistent with standard industry practice and are suitable for the
reporting of exploration results and for use in Mineral Resource estimation. The sampling
procedures are adequate for and consistent with the style of gold mineralisation under
consideration.
Notwithstanding the above a number of recommendations have been made as noted in various
internal and external reviews. These are not considered to be significant, however a
programme is in place addressed these items in the near future.

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12 DATA VERIFICATION
12.1 Introduction
The following section includes discussion and comment on the data verification aspects relating
to the underlying geological data utilised to support the geological model and ultimately the
Mineral Resources as reported herein. The key areas addressed comprise the data verification
processes applied for the Ity Gold Mine deposits including; twined hole comparison; paired
statistical analysis; risks and opportunities; and interpretation, conclusions and
recommendations.
Endeavour has commissioned independent third-party consultants to complete various work
streams to support inputs to processes relating to the geological models and the current Mineral
Resources statements as reported in this Technical Report. In such circumstances and where
specifically stated, the relevant Qualified Person confirms that they have undertaken a
sufficiently detailed review of the supporting data, work programmes and final deliverables to
confirm that all necessary aspects are appropriate and confirm that they accord with all
summary conclusions and opinions expressed herein. For the avoidance of doubt the Qualified
Person does not place explicit reliance on such third parties and takes full responsibility for the
opinions expressed herein which should be considered and read as that of the Qualified Person.
Endeavour under the direction and oversight of the Qualified Person operate a comprehensive
data management system to assure the appropriate level of quality control and data verification
to support the geological models and current Mineral Resources as reported herein.

12.2 Historical Data Verification and Validation

From 2013 onwards all available historical exploration data was captured and converted into
electronic format. This included substantial validation and verification of the data to confirm
consistency and accuracy of the record keeping itself, logging, drill-hole surveys and assays
accompanied by data management systems with associated inherent checks and balances.
A “valid” flag in the database was used to identify all data that had been validated to date.
Where there were multiple datasets of the same type, the datasets were ranked on accuracy
and preferred data recorded for use in geological modelling and Mineral Resource estimation.
Assay procedures were evaluated for accuracy. Assays have been validated for individual
campaigns, laboratories and methods. Validation included re-assaying of many of the older
drill holes. Where data were found to be accurate, the historical data was flagged for use. In
the case of Zia NE, re-assaying of historical drill holes showed the assays to be inaccurate and
the entire drill hole data set was re-assayed. Only the entries with a “valid” flag are utilised in
a Mineral Resource estimate.
The historical data validation process was overseen by Silvia Bottero Pr.Nat.Sci., MAusIMM,
Directrice Exploration SMI, as documented in internal reports entitled “Rapport de validation de
la base de données du secteur d’Ity Flat” dated 29 June 2015 and “Validation base de donnees
de Tontouo, Ity Flat et Verse Est – Verification des données historiques” dated 20 January
2016.
In addition to the above, independent audits and reviews are completed by the Qualified Person
as well as third parties (including Coffey and Arethuse) at the request of the Company and the
Qualified Person. Validation exercises are extensively documented various internal reports as
well as previous Mineral Resource estimation reports by Arethuse ( Bosc & and Falleau, 2014)
and Coffey (Body et al., 2015; Body and Whittaker, 2014).
In summary the Qualified Person confirms that the results of the historical data verification and
validation exercises have not indicated or highlighted any significant issues and that all

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necessary corrective actions have been implemented to ensure that the resulting geological
models and interpolation provide an unbiased and fair representation of the deposits as
reported in this Technical Report.

12.3 Database Checks and Independent Verification

The following section primarily relates to Endeavour Exploration data management procedures
for the period 2017 to 2019 which in addition to the historical data been reviewed and assessed
by the Qualified Person and found to be appropriate to support the Mineral Resources as
reported herein. Database checks carried out prior to the reporting of Mineral Resources in the
2016 Ity CIL Project NI 43-101 report are reported in that report and not discussed in detail
here.
During 2017 and 2018 the exploration and resource databases were managed directly by the
Ity geology team in an AcQuire Database Management System (“DBMS”). The team undertook
data verification using internal controls in the DBMS. The Endeavour resource team undertook
audits using Surpac’s auditing utilities and provided feedback to the Ity geology team who made
corrections accordingly.
Since the end of 2018, data has been managed in a new SQL based Database Management
System (“DMBS”) – DDHTool. This system was implemented by the Endeavour Exploration
Group database and quality control manager. The system includes industry standard error
controls and integrity checks.
Commencing in late 2018, as a resource database is requisitioned by the EDV resource team,
the extraction from the DBMS is audited with internal controls within the DBMS and with
software-based audit tools provided by Geosoft Target and / or Leapfrog. These audits are run
on both new active and historical data. Audit reports are submitted to local database teams
and errors corrected. If the resource team finds further errors, these Surpac generated audit
reports are transferred to the local database management teams and errors are corrected at
source.
In 2019, CSA-Global was contracted to complete a supplementary independent review of
internal sampling and quality control (“QAQC”) procedures and practices in place at Ity Gold
Mine. The resulting report and recommendations were accepted by the Qualified Person and
distributed and implemented accordingly. A member of the Ity Gold Mine team were assigned
as local quality control manager to ensure these standards as overseen by the Qualified Person
are maintained. Under the direction of the Qualified Person the Endeavour database and
quality control manager visits the Ity Gold Mine on regular intervals during the drilling
programmes to review the maintenance of these standards.
Furthermore the Qualified Person has made regular visits to the Ity Gold Mine since 2014 until
the present to review the procedures and practices as implemented. Additionally, independent
geology/ structural geology consultants, Jean-Luc Lescuyer, Rogerio Monteiro and Laurent
Ciancaleoni visited the project site on several occasions between 2017 and 2019.

Mont Ity to Walter

In 2017 and 2018 resource drilling was undertaken at Mont Ity. A resource database was
extracted from the AcQuire DBMS and provided directly to the Endeavour Exploration resource
team. Audit reports generated from Surpac by the resource team were provided to the Ity
geology team and reviewed by the Qualified Person and verified that all required corrections
were made in accordance with the recommendations.
In 2019 the resource database for Mont Ity, Ity Flat, Tontouo and Walter was extracted from the
DBMS and audited by the Qualified Person on both new (active) and historical data. The audit

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reports were submitted to the local database teams and all errors corrected accordingly.
Finally, if the resource team found further errors, the Surpac generated audit reports were
transferred to the local database management team and errors corrected.
Typical audit reports included: inconsistent collar coordinates, incorrect or missing down hole
survey records, missing sample-assay records and missing or overlapping interval errors. The
3-dimensional traces and interrelations between drill holes were evaluated in Surpac.
In addition, as part of the 2019 MRE process Cube Consulting (an independent third party)
undertook the following validation checks:
• Check for erroneous hole collar outliers - easting, northing, elevation;
• Discrepancies in maximum hole depths between collar and assay, survey and geology
records;
• Survey table drill hole azimuths were checked to be within the expected 0 to 360 degrees
range, and that no excessive deviation existed between successive downhole readings.
Survey table was checked for any positive or near zero drill hole inclinations;
• Assay table was checked for overlaps of assay sample intervals;
• Assay table was checked for negative assays, missing assays or assays outside of expected
ranges;
• Visual inspection of the drill holes in Surpac 3D workspace to identify spatial inconsistencies
of drill hole traces (unlikely hole deviations); and
• Visual inspection in Surpac 3D workspace of drill hole collar position in relation to
topography.
Two errors were detected in the collar, assay, oxidation, or survey tables during this checking
process and these, along with remedial actions taken, are listed in Table 12-1.

Table 12-1: Summary of QAQC results for the 2017-2019 drilling

Hole ID/s (Table) Error Description Action Taken
MI17-088 (oxidation) Sample overlap Minor adjustment to Interval depth
Survey record deleted – correct record available at 51m
MI17-060 (survey) Clearly incorrect azimuth reading at 50m depth
depth

The assay table was also checked for null, zero or out of range values for the variables to be
estimated (Au, Cu, As and S). Issues detected and the actions taken are listed in Table 12-2.

Table 12-2: Summary of QAQC results for the 2017-2019 drilling

Field Value Count Adjusted To Final Assay Field
Au_ppm -9999 39 Null (ignored) Au_cube_ppm
Au_ppm 10000 51 Null (ignored) Au_cube_ppm
Au_ppm 0 3 0.001 Au_cube_ppm
Cu_ppm -9999 4 Null (ignored) Cu_cube_ppm

A relatively small number of null gold assay intervals were detected and examined, and these
were left as is and therefore ignored during the estimation process (following consultation with
Endeavour site personnel). Most of these null values represent intervals that could not be
sampled, either due to bad ground/voids being encountered, or poor drill recovery. All actions
taken with respect to assay table amendments were done so in consultation with Endeavour
site personnel.

Bakatouo and Daapleu

Resource drilling was undertaken at the Bakatouo and Daapleu deposits during 2017 and 2018.
Resource databases were extracted from the AcQuire DBMS and provided directly to the
Qualified Person and the resource team who undertook data validation audits in Surpac. Audit
reports (as detailed above) were provided to the site geology team who implemented all
corrections where necessary. To date no external third parties have been commissioned to

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review the data generated from the new drilling over Bakatouo and Daapleu in 2017, 2018 or
2019.

Zia NE and Gbéitouo

There has been no new resource drilling Zia NE and Gbéitouo. Whilst standard internal
verification exercises have been completed to the satisfaction of the Qualified Person, no third
party independent consultants have been commissioned to work on Zia NE or Gbéitouo in 2017,
2018 or 2019. The internal processes completed to date have not identified any significant
issues relating to the data.

Colline Sud
The effective cut-off date for the database used in the Colline Sud 2017 MRE was 24 January
2017. The data was extracted from the AcQuire database on 24 January 2017 and then
assessed for errors including overlapping sample intervals, missing collar co-ordinates,
incorrect collar co-ordinates, incorrect or missing survey records and missing assay records.
The data stored within the database were also compared with hard copy data and no major
discrepancy was found. The Qualified Person considers that the data quality is sufficient to
support the Mineral Resource estimate as reported herein. The major errors identified, and
corresponding remedial measures taken are summarised below:
• Four RC drill holes showed contaminated results and were considered invalid (BK16-095,
BK16-094, BK16-102, BK16-085); and
• The drill holes were not draped on the topographic surface. Towards the northeast of the
prospect a significant discrepancy was observed between the drill hole elevations and the
topography Z. In this area, the LIDAR-generated surface is not considered very accurate
(low density of acquired LIDAR points) and so the topography surface was modified using
the drill holes collars. No critical errors were identified in the assay or lithology data tables.
There has been no new resource drilling and no independent QP has worked on Colline Sud
in 2017, 2018 or 2019.

Le Plaque
In 2017 and 2018 resource drilling was undertaken at the Le Plaque deposit. A resource
database was extracted from the AcQuire DBMS and provided directly to the Qualified Person
and the Endeavour resource team. The resulting audit reports generated indicated minor
adjustments and these were implemented by the on-site geology team.
During 2019 the resource database for Le Plaque was subject to a detailed audit and review in
accordance with internal standards and procedures. No significant issues were identified and
furthermore no external third parties have been commissioned to review the additional drilling
completed in 2017, 2018 or 2019.

Aires
There has been no new resource drilling at Aires in 2017, 2018 or 2019. All standard validation
and verification checks have been completed in respect of the historical databases and no
significant issues identified to date.

Verse Ouest & Teckraie

There has been no new resource drilling at Verse Ouest & Teckraie in 2017, 2018 or 2019.
Sterilisation drilling was completed over Verse Ouest in 2017 for the TSF extension. This data
underwent inter-DBMS scrutiny in accordance with the defined protocol and was overseen by
the Qualified Person.

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12.4 Twinned Hole Comparison

A number of twin hole comparison exercises were completed historically by third party
consultants (Coffey in 2015) and the related processes, supporting documentation and results
of these were reviewed by the Qualified Person. No new twinned drill hole comparisons were
undertaken in 2017 to 2019.

Mont lty
Seven diamond drill holes were drilled to confirm the results obtained from the RC samples.
Overall, the drill holes compare favourably. Due to the nuggety nature of gold and the
separation between drill holes of up to 10m, some variation is expected between holes but the
width of the mineralised zone and major trends in the mineralisation are expected to be similar,
as presented in Figure 12-1.

Figure 12-1: Mont Ity twinned hole comparison (Source: Endeavour)

lty Flat
The 2015 drilling campaign included seven diamond drill holes drilled to confirm RC assay
results. The results show the high nuggety nature of the gold at lty Flat. The results were not
good, however the Qualified Person considers them acceptable for Mineral Resource studies

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considering the style of mineralisation (Figure 12-2).

Figure 12-2: Ity Flat twinned hole comparison (Source: Endeavour)

Daapleu
RC drill holes were drilled by SMI in 2013 to verify the results obtained from initial diamond
drilling undertaken in 1997. This drilling enabled a comparison between the two different types
of drilling as well as the short-scale grade variability. A comparison of the original drill holes
and the twin drill holes is presented in Figure 12-3.
From the data, it can be seen there is a moderate to good correlation between the original and
current drilling for three of the four twin drill holes with the fourth (DA13-039 and S162)
displaying a moderate to poor correlation. The average grade of the deposit was lower in three
of the four original drill holes compared to the current RC drilling. One sample of 64.4g/tAu in
hole DA13-038 was not replicated in the original hole S167, although high grades in excess of
10g/tAu were obtained in close proximity to the outlier. The difference in grade between the
individual twin samples is attributed to the high nugget nature of the gold mineralisation, the
drill holes not being exact twins and the mineralisation being slightly offset between drill holes,
e.g. DA13-047 and S164.

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Figure 12-3: Daapleu twinned hole comparison (Source: Endeavour)

Le Plaque
Selected drill holes at Le Plaque (summarised in Table 12 3) were twinned between 2015 and
2018 in order to provide extra HQ core material for metallurgical test work at the ALS laboratory
in Perth. Samples were wrapped and dispatched through Bollore Logistics to Abidjan/Australia
(ALS Perth).

Table 12-3: Summary of twinned drill holes at Le Plaque

Twin Holes Holes Twinned
Programme
HoleID Hole Type Programme Code Area Code Hole ID Hole Type Code Area Code
Code
FL18-776 DDH 2018 Floleu FL15-007 DDH 2015 Floleu
FL18-752 DDH 2018 Floleu FL15-527 DDH 2015 Floleu
FL18-767 DDH 2018 Floleu FL15-533 DDH 2015 Floleu
FL18-761 DDH 2018 Floleu FL15-536 DDH 2015 Floleu
FL18-746 DDH 2018 Floleu FL17-623 RC 2017 Floleu
FL18-735 DDH 2018 Floleu FL18-690 RC 2018 Floleu
FL18-772 DDH 2018 Floleu FL18-703 RC 2018 Floleu

Metallurgical test holes were sampled and assayed by 50g fire assay at SGS Ity. Assay results
were used to assist in the selection of sample intervals for metallurgical test work. Drill hole
FL18-776 retuned a high-grade interval (5.45m @ 87.83g/tAu), heavily influenced by a single
sample grading 441g/tAu (35% Py-Cpy-sphalerite and silica, no visible gold).
Further detailed analysis of the twin drill was not completed, however from the graphical
comparisons available for two example sets of twinned drill holes, presented in Figure 12-4 and
Figure 12-5, the Qualified Person concludes that the results appear to correlate moderately
well, with some differences and offsets between the elevated intervals which likely represents
(as per previous examples) the nuggety nature of the deposit and distance between twins.

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Figure 12-4: Gold grade versus depth profile for twinned drill holes FL18-703 (RC) and
FA18-722 (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 12-5: Gold grade versus depth profile for twinned drill holes FL18-690 (RC) and
FA18-735 (Source: Endeavour)

Aires
Four diamond drill holes were drilled by SMI to verify the results obtained from RC drilling. This
drilling enabled a comparison between the two different types of drilling as well as the short-
scale grade variability. A comparison of the original drill holes compared to the twin drill holes
is presented in Figure 12-6.
Although limited to four holes, the drill hole twinning confirmed that the mineralisation is
sufficiently well-defined by the RC drilling. From the limited data the average grade of the dump
decreased in two of the twin diamond holes and increased in mean grade in two of the diamond

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holes compared to the original RC drilling. The RC average grade for all 196 samples within
the four mineralised zones was 1.16g/tAu compared to 0.94g/tAu for the diamond drilling, a
difference of 23%. The difference in grade is attributed to the high nugget nature of gold
mineralisation and one outlier of 52.7g/tAu from 0m to 1m in S831. This was not replicated in
the twin hole S1372. Capping the outlier to 15.6g/tAu reduces the average grade to 0.96g/tAu,
reducing the difference between the original drill hole and the twinned drill hole to 2%.

Figure 12-6: Aires twinned hole comparison (Source: Endeavour)

12.5 Paired Statistics – RDV versus GC

The relationship between RDV and GC gold grade values at Mont Ity to Walter was tested by
Cube Consulting in the 2019 MRE Update in order to evaluate the compatibility of the two drill
sampling campaigns. A Q-Q plot of all pairs of RDV and GC composites falling within 2m of
each other is shown in Figure 12-7 (number of pairs = 1,352).
It is clear that, with the exception of the 99th percentile point, the RDV and GC produce
equivalent gold distributions. Cube Consulting speculated that the higher 99th percentile value
for the GC could be due to the information effect, whereby the much greater density of GC
samples is able to more accurately represent the far upper tail of the grade distribution. The
Qualified Person however concludes that it is clear though that the RDV and GC samples are
compatible for use in estimating and reporting the current Mineral Resource estimation as
reported herein.

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Figure 12-7: Q-Q plot for RDV versus GC samples with maximum distance of
separation of 2 m (Source: Endeavour)

12.6 Risks and Opportunities

To date no significant risks and opportunities have been identified with respect to data
verification and validation. In the opinion of the Qualified Person the data does not pose a risk
to the current Mineral Resource statements as reported herein.

12.7 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations

The data verification processes completed to date have been completed in accordance with the
relevant industry benchmarks and practices under the direction and supervision of the Qualified
Person. Furthermore, the analysis completed to date has not identified any significant issues
which would result in any inherent bias in the geological modelling and resource modelling
which inform the Mineral Resources as reported in this Technical Report.
In the opinion of the Qualified Person, the underlying geological data is considered appropriate
to support the estimation and ultimately reporting of the current Mineral Resources as reported
herein.

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13 MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING

13.1 Introduction
The following section incudes discussion and comment on the mineral processing and
metallurgical testing aspects as they relate to the Ity Gold Mine. Specific areas covered are
metallurgical summary; metallurgical sampling; metallurgical testing; risks and opportunities;
interpretation, conclusions and recommendations.
Several comminution and metallurgical extraction test-work programmes have been performed
on ore samples from the Ity deposits. The first programme for the initial Feasibility Study (the
“2016 FS”), was completed in 2016 at ALS Laboratory, Perth, Australia. This study formed the
basis for the original process plant.
Shortly after completion of the Feasibility Study, two additional programmes of test work were
undertaken, investigating the metallurgical response of the Bakatouo deposit, and a following
investigation to determine if the gold recovery for Daapleu primary ore can be improved by a
flotation/regrind/leaching process route. Both programmes were completed within an
Optimisation Study (“OS”) which was completed in 2017 at ALS Laboratory, Perth, Australia.
The outcome of this programme was not to significantly alter the original design from the initial
Feasibility Study, but to increase the process plant throughput to 4Mtpa.
The metallurgical treatment route selected has been based on the results of the Feasibility
Study test work programme, which focussed on commonality to the Ity Process Plant design,
where practical. Following the Optimisation Study test work, key changes to the process plant
from the Feasibility Study design were made to increase the processing plant capacity from
3.0Mtpa to 4.0Mtpa. During the Project build, Lycopodium was commissioned to carry out
several engineering studies to increase the throughput from 4.0Mtpa to 4.6Mtpa and 5.0Mtpa
(June 2018).
Endeavour approved the Engineering, Design and Procurement to complete a volumetric
increase of the plant throughput to 5.0Mtpa. Full details and results of the ALS test work
programmes, conducted on the Ity and Le Plaque ore composites, are included in the ALS
reports.
The third test work programme was a preliminary study of the Le Plaque deposit to assess the
metallurgical characteristics of this deposit. This programme was completed during 2019 and
the test work programme was developed by Endeavour and supervised by ALS, Perth.

13.2 Metallurgical Summary

The Ity Gold Mine consists of 8 mining areas; Ity Flat, Mont Ity, Bakatouo, Daapleu, Walter, Zia
NE, Gbéitouo, and Le Plaque, and three levels of weathering; primary, transition and saprolite.
The primary ores represent approximately 51% of the ore body with saprolite and transition
ores making up the remaining 49%, however in the early years, there is considerably more
saprolite and transition ore in the blend. Primary ore from the Daapleu pit makes up
approximate 58% of the total mass of the Daapleu deposit, while Daapleu material represents
approximately 32% of Life of Mine plan (“LoMp”) tonnage. Le Plaque, located only 6km south
of the Ity processing plant, is on the northern part of the wholly owned Floleu exploration license.
Sufficient technical work has been completed in order to support the reporting of Mineral
Reserves. The mining permitting process is underway to enable mining to commence in late
2021.
Comminution test work from all the deposits indicated that the primary ores will require
moderate grinding energy and have moderate abrasivity. While the transition and oxide
material show low to moderate competency and very low to moderate abrasivity. The Le Plaque

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material can be described as slightly less competent than other material tested, based on the
number of samples tested.
Results indicated a significant mass of gravity recoverable gold (between 24% and 49%) for
the Daapleu oxide and transition, Ity Flat, and Mont Ity material. Gravity recoverable gold from
Walter, Zia NE and Daapleu primary ore is generally less than 20%. Bakatouo material showed
gravity gold recovery averaged 30% (with highs of over 50%). While gravity gold recovery was
generally low for all three Le Plaque composites (approximately 4% to 14%). The Ity processing
plant has been designed to treat a range in gravity gold recovery from 20% to 70%.
Grind sensitivity testwork was not conducted on Bakatouo or Le Plaque material as the process
pathway had already been chosen. Overall gold extraction was high for all three Le Plaque
composites at greater than 90% after 24 hours. Overall gold extraction of Bakatouo oxide and
primary material was also approximately 90% after 24 hours. The transition material was lower
than 90%, due to the high cyanide soluble copper present in the samples.
A preliminary investigation into several different processing options for the refractory Daapleu
sulphide ore was concluded as part of the 2016 FS. Based on these results, flotation followed
by fine grinding (to 10 microns) and cyanidation of the concentrate indicated a potential
improvement in the range of 15% to 20% gold recovery.
An additional programme of metallurgical test work (ALS, under the supervision of
Lycopodium), was conducted ensuring definitive data to enable the design of a flotation and
concentrate regrind circuit to process the refractory Daapleu ore. This additional test work
programme was conducted on two bulk composites (to establish optimum flotation and regrind
conditions), followed by a series of variability tests under optimised conditions. This testwork
programme indicated that additional processing modifications would not produce the optimal
return. Consequently, the decision was made to exclude any flotation, ultra-fine grinding or
other techniques in the final flowsheet.
Gold extractions after 24 hours using gravity concentration and conventional cyanidation
averages can be seen in Table 13-1. Limited sample assays suggest this is due to lower than
expected Arsenic (As) levels in sample provided and may not be indicative of the overall
recovery. High cyanide soluble copper material was found within the Ity Flat, Ity Mount, and
Bakatouo deposits, and has the potential to reduce gold extraction. Site test work increasing
the cyanide dosing level appears to have negated some of these impacts.
Ancillary testwork for plant design was conducted and indicates that the slurry rheology will not
impact on processing, conventional aeration in the CIL is suitable and typical carbon loadings
are achievable. Thickening testwork indicated that the primary ores will thicken with acceptable
underflow densities. Cyanide destruction testwork showed that the air/SO2 process can be
successfully employed to treat the CIL tailings stream to achieve CNWAD concentrations of
less than 5mg/L if required.

Table 13-1: Ity - Total Gold Extraction

Composite Weathering Gold Recovery (%) NaCN Consumption (kg/t) Lime Consumption (kg/t)
Bakatouo Oxide 96.0 2.50 1.90
Bakatouo Transition 84.0 5.60 0.85
Bakatouo Fresh 92.0 2.50 0.28
Le Plaque Oxide 96.1 0.29 2.60
Le Plaque Transition 93.7 0.25 2.95
Le Plaque Fresh 91.1 0.25 0.38
Daapleu Oxide 85.2 0.36 1.70
Daapleu Fresh 59.3* 1.09 1.18
Gbéitouo LOM blend 87.7 0.75 1.92
Ity Flat LOM blend 90.0 2.10 1.56
Mont Ity LOM blend 88.8 2.30 1.73
Walter LOM blend 95.6 1.13 4.58
Zia NE LOM blend 96.7 0.56 4.21
Stockpiles Oxide 86.3 0.35 1.29
(1)
Note recent site testwork has indicated Daapleu fresh recovery has increased from 59.3% to 76% in the low grade (<1.5g/tAu) portion of the ore, which

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is associated with lower levels of Arsenopyrite.

13.3 Metallurgical Sampling

Initial Feasibility Study
A total of 3,320kg of drill core from six different pits was delivered to ALS, Perth, on 2 June
2016. The drill core was contained in 412 individual sample bags, within 37 drums. Each
sample bag typically contained a 5 m interval of ¼ drill core from the selected drill hole. From
these drill core intervals, a series of samples were selected for the programme of comminution
and metallurgical testwork. The sample selection was made to accommodate all facies types,
different degrees of oxidation, and gold (Au) grade variability.

Bakatouo
Representative core samples from the various Bakatouo ore lithologies, weathered states and
mineralisation styles were selected based on site geological advice and downhole assay data.
The metallurgical test work was undertaken by ALS Metallurgy in Perth between February and
June 2017.
The gold mineralisation in Bakatouo typically occurs along the contact between the intrusive
footwall (granodiorite) and the skarnified carbonate sedimentary rocks. These skarnified
carbonate sedimentary rocks have been classified as a highly altered exoskarn and a calc-
silicate endoskarn that is less mineralised. Relatively high copper grades associated with much
of the gold mineralisation were identified early as a potential problem for processing of these
ores.

Daapleu Refractory
Based on the remaining Daapleu core samples (From the Feasibility Study), two (2) master
composites (Composite #8 and Composite #9), representing low (~1%) and high (~2.2%)
sulphur respectively, were prepared for the Daapleu refractory ore test work programme. The
samples were selected based on spatial distribution throughout the Daapleu pit and to cover a
range of depths within the pit. An additional eight (8) composites (Composite #10 to Composite
#17) were prepared from the remaining Daapleu drill core for the variability testwork. Each of
the eight (8) variability composites were made up from sample intervals from a single drill hole,
with each drill hole selected to provide a range of gold and sulphur grades, as well as to
represent a wide spatial distribution within the Daapleu pit.

Le Plaque
Representative core samples from the Le Plaque weathered states and mineralisation styles
were selected based on site geological advice and downhole assay data. This metallurgical
programme was conducted on Le Plaque drill core samples, and the metallurgical test work
was undertaken by ALS Metallurgy in Perth June 2018
Samples were selected on the basis of spatial distribution throughout the Le Plaque deposit
and covered a range of depths within each weather zone.

13.4 Metallurgical Testing

13.4.1 Head Analysis
Analyses were conducted on all of the Feasibility Study variability samples, and all the
Bakatouo, Daapleu and Le Plaque composite samples. The analyses are summarised in Table
13-2 to Table 13-5.

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Table 13-2: Ity Deposit - Feasibility Study Head Assay Results

Variability Pit Facies Oxidation Au Au Au Au Ag As Cu
Sample (ppm)1 (ppm)2 (ppm)3 (ppm)Av (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
#1 Daapleu 811 Fresh 0.84 0.86 0.91 0.87 6 110 36
#2 Daapleu 601 Fresh 2.14 1.79 1.93 1.95 20 630 22
#3 Daapleu 601 Fresh 0.89 0.62 0.71 0.74 4 1,390 12
#4 Daapleu 101 Fresh 1.92 1.28 2.47 1.89 <2 410 66
#5 Daapleu 601 Fresh 0.75 0.93 0.57 0.75 8 1,080 16
#6 Daapleu 601 Fresh 0.49 0.54 0.48 0.50 <2 250 4
#7 Daapleu 601 Oxide 1.35 1.82 0.60 1.26 <2 810 22
#8 Daapleu 601 Fresh 2.06 0.59 0.61 1.09 <2 220 16
#9 Daapleu 101 Fresh 2.95 2.39 2.51 2.62 4 250 36
#10 Daapleu 201 Oxide 0.87 0.77 0.63 0.76 <2 1,190 102
#11 Daapleu 601 Fresh 20.7 19.7 19.8 20.1 36 23,000 82
#12 Daapleu 201 Oxide 1.06 1.00 0.89 0.98 <2 860 18
#13 Daapleu 601 Fresh 1.28 1.43 1.29 1.33 4 730 14
#14 Daapleu 601 Fresh 1.48 2.13 2.21 1.94 <2 1,210 8
#15 Daapleu 601 Transition 6.35 5.98 6.03 6.12 14 2,090 38
#16 Daapleu 601 Fresh 2.10 1.78 2.40 2.09 <2 190 28
#17 Daapleu 601 Fresh 1.86 1.20 0.91 1.32 18 320 38
#18 Daapleu 101 Fresh 1.50 1.42 1.56 1.49 6 2,520 42
#19 Gbéitouo 101 Fresh 0.62 0.40 0.50 0.51 <2 890 76
#20 Gbéitouo 201 Oxide 0.64 0.71 0.76 0.70 <2 3,710 100
#21 Gbéitouo 211 Transition 0.29 0.33 0.34 0.32 6 60 128
#22 Gbéitouo 101 Transition 0.58 0.47 0.37 0.47 <2 520 68
#23 Ity Flat 501 Transition 0.92 0.99 1.01 0.97 4 <10 1,770
#24 Ity Flat 901 Fresh 7.38 7.53 6.14 7.02 2 <10 3,660
#25 Ity Flat 211 Fresh 7.55 8.47 7.54 7.85 8 <10 11,700
#26 Ity Flat 201 Oxide 10.9 11.0 10.7 10.9 10 <10 1,720
#27 Ity Flat 901 Transition 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 <2 20 80
#28 Ity Flat 201 Oxide 3.02 3.18 3.22 3.14 <2 <10 726
#29 Mont Ity 401 Fresh 16.7 15.9 16.3 16.3 8 <10 246
#30 Mont Ity 401 Fresh 7.48 7.47 6.95 7.30 12 <10 4,720
#31 Mont Ity 201 Oxide 3.48 5.11 4.40 4.33 14 30 2,005
#32 Mont Ity 211 Oxide 1.62 1.56 2.02 1.73 <2 <10 1,210
#33 Walter 201 Oxide 0.31 0.30 0.32 0.31 <2 <10 670
#34 Walter 211 Fresh 2.54 2.53 3.34 2.80 <2 10 138
#35 Walter 201 Transition 1.29 1.46 1.30 1.35 <2 <10 2,775
#36 Zia NE 201 Oxide 2.42 2.35 2.43 2.40 <2 10 2,065
#37 Zia NE 201 Oxide 9.75 11.3 8.02 9.69 <2 <10 912
#38 Zia NE 301 Oxide 1.24 1.21 1.33 1.26 2 20 170
#39 Zia NE 201 Oxide 1.04 0.92 0.99 0.98 <2 <10 426
#40 Zia NE 301 Oxide 2.44 2.62 2.81 2.62 2 20 526

Table 13-3: Daapleu Variability Composite Head Assay Results

Composite Au Au Au Au Ag As Cu S
(g/t)1 (g/t)2 (g/t)3 (g/t)av (g/t) (g/t) (g/t) (%)
Composite #8 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.04 3.9 750 20 0.96
Composite #9 1.43 1.28 1.51 1.41 3.9 1,430 52 2.46
Composite #10 1.44 1.63 1.41 1.49 4.2 1,750 14 2.66
Composite #11 0.46 0.49 0.35 0.43 3.0 280 32 1.36
Composite #12 0.72 0.66 0.69 0.69 1.8 320 8 0.98
Composite #13 1.32 1.28 1.46 1.35 5.1 600 32 1.16
Composite #14 0.85 0.83 0.86 0.85 6.6 80 36 1.28
Composite #15 1.37 2.03 1.48 1.63 3.9 320 74 2.76
Composite #16 1.01 0.95 0.70 0.89 1.2 160 8 1.12
Composite #17 15.6 14.6 15.6 15.3 36 15,100 78 5.40

Table 13-4: Bakatouo Composites Head Analyses

Sample ID Au Au Au Ave Au Ag As Corg Cu S2-
(g/t) (g/t) (g/t) (g/t) (ppm) (ppm) (%) (ppm) (%)
Master Comp #1 [Fresh] 2.08 2.33 1.91 2.11 2.1 <10 0.03 1600 0.8
Master Comp#2 [Fresh Mod Cu] 2.22 1.71 1.86 1.93 1.5 <10 <0.03 1080 0.44
Master Comp #3 [Fresh Hi Cu] 2.99 3.01 2.64 2.88 2.7 <10 0.03 1960 0.08
Master Comp #4 [Trans Hi Cu] 5.07 5.6 4.95 5.21 9.6 <10 0.06 5880 0.42
Master Comp #5 [Oxide] 4.75 4.48 3.74 4.32 2.1 <10 0.06 1880 0.38

Table 13-5: Le Plaque Composites Head Analyses

Au Au Au Ave Au Ag As Corg Cu Sb Te Zn S2-
Sample ID
(g/t) (g/t) (g/t) (g/t) (ppm) (ppm) (%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (%)
Oxide 5.22 5.27 5.34 5.28 4 90 0.09 192 2.3 6.6 104 <0.02
Transition 1.23 1.18 1.23 1.21 4 10 <0.03 112 0.5 1.6 188 0.12
Fresh 19.7 18.4 17.7 18.6 4 30 <0.03 600 0.8 42.4 1193 3.04

Variation in gold assays for the Fresh Composite indicates the likelihood of coarse gold.

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Elevated levels of both copper and zinc are seen in the Fresh Composite and this can lead to
increased cyanide consumption through complexation. The level of organic carbon in the Fresh
composite indicates the possibility of preg-robbing behaviour during cyanidation. The high level
of tellurium in the Fresh Composite indicates the possibility of refractory gold associated with
tellurides

13.4.2 Comminution Testwork

Feasibility Study
Comminution test work sample selection was based on the relative proportions of each
individual facies within the various pits and the overall contribution to the LoMp ore tonnage.
This facilitated the development of a sample matrix, with a total of 20 comminution samples
being selected for the test work programme. The sample matrix is shown in Table 13-6.

Table 13-6: Comminution Sample Matrix

Sample Test Pit Facies Oxidation
#1 Daapleu 601 Fresh
#2 Daapleu 811 Fresh
#3 Daapleu 101 Fresh
#4 Daapleu 601 Transition
#5 Daapleu 601 Fresh
#6 Daapleu 601 Fresh
#7 Daapleu 201 Oxide
#8 Daapleu 601 Fresh
#9 Daapleu 101 Fresh
#10 Gbéitouo 101 Transition
#11 Ity Flat 211 Oxide
#12 Ity Flat 501 Transition
#13 Ity Flat 901 Fresh
#14 Mont Ity 201 Oxide
#15 Mont Ity 401 Fresh
#16 Mont Ity 211 Mix O/T/F
#17 Walter 201 Oxide
#18 Zia NE 201 Oxide
#19 Zia NE 201 Oxide
#20 Zia NE 301 Oxide

Nine samples (of 20) were considered too fine to perform a standard Bond Ball Mill Work Index
test, viz sample numbers 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, and 19. (As-received samples are
generally considered too fine when the F80 comprises >20% of the total sample mass relative
to the required P80). As an alternative to the standard Bond Ball Mill Work Index test, a modified
Bond and Levin tests was performed on these eight samples. Samples 12 and 20 where not
sufficiently competent to perform the SAG Mill Comminution (“SMC”) tests and the results were
interpreted and ranked by JKTech. The Feasibility Study comminution testwork results are
summarised in Table 13-7.

Table 13-7: Feasibility Study Comminution Testwork Results Summary

Composite Ai BWi DWi JK Breakage Parameters
Pit Oxidation SG Comments
ID (g) (kWh/t) (kWh/m3) A b Axb ta
Daapleu #1 Fresh 0.1915 7.07 4.53 65.8 0.9 59.2 0.57 2.67 Moderately Abrasive
Daapleu #2 Fresh 0.3017 9.8 4.98 64.4 0.85 54.7 0.52 2.74 Abrasive
Daapleu #3 Fresh 0.1359 17.0 6.67 58.3 0.73 42.6 0.39 2.83 Moderately Abrasive
Daapleu #4 Fresh 0.0199 4.91 0.92 79.7 3.6 286.9 2.81 2.64 Moderately Abrasive
Daapleu #5 Fresh 0.1619 4.91 4.08 65.3 1.01 66.0 0.63 2.69 Moderately Abrasive
Daapleu #6 Fresh 0.2874 8.53 4.39 63.2 0.97 61.3 0.59 2.7 Abrasive
Daapleu #8 Fresh 0.0444 7.3 2.75 67.2 1.47 98.8 0.94 2.71 Moderately Abrasive
Daapleu #9 Fresh 0.0774 12.3 6.45 61.6 0.69 42.5 0.4 2.76 Moderately Abrasive
Ity Flat # 12 Transition 0.2283 3.19 54.7 1.7 93.0 0.81 2.96 Abrasive
Ity Flat # 13 Fresh 0.0744 9.53 5.82 61.4 0.86 52.8 0.45 3.07 Moderately Abrasive
Mont Ity # 15 Fresh 0.0306 12.4 8.64 66 0.49 32.3 0.3 2.77 Moderately Abrasive
Zai NE #20 Oxide 14.7

None of the material tested in the comminution test work programme was classified as ‘Highly
Abrasive’ or ‘Extremely Abrasive’.

Bakatouo
11 composites were prepared, representative of a number of lithologies, indicated that the
mineralised zones are moderately competent with the more altered, higher grade exoskarn

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typically being quite fractured, while the lower grade, adjoining intrusives and endoskarn are
more competent. A grind target P80 of 75µm was selected for testing. This grind yielded good
metallurgical recoveries and the ore competency did not dictate the grinding circuit design, so
no grind optimisation testing was conducted.
SMC and Bond work tests were performed on 10 of the 11 comminution composites. The
remaining sample (Composite #1) was not sufficiently competent to perform the SMC test or
abrasion index – this was subjected to a Modified Bond Work Index. Results can be seen in
Table 13-8.

Table 13-8: Bakatouo Composite Comminution Testwork Results Summary

Composite ID Oxidation Ai BWi DWi Axb SG
(g) (kWh/t) (kWh/m3)
Composite #1 transition sandy clay 9.7
Composite #2 transition endoskarn 0.254 12.8 4.62 63.2 2.91
Composite #3 Felsic intrusive (grainy) 0.209 13.6 8.04 34 2.73
Composite #4 felsic intrusive (oriented) 0.19 12.8 8.21 37.4 3.05
Composite #5 mafic intrusive 0.114 11.7 6.98 44.3 3.08
Composite #6 crystalline carbonate 0.086 8.52 5.31 53.5 2.84
Composite #7 exoskarn / undiff. skarn 0.083 11.5 4 77.4 3.09
Composite #8 endoskarn 0.247 12.9 7.77 37.5 2.92
Composite #9A shallow endoskarn 0.06 6.87 2.2 114.2 2.51
Composite #9B deep endoskarn 0.258 13.1 7.91 37.1 2.95
Composite #10 fractured exoskarn 0.127 9.89 3.29 86.6 2.85

Process design criterion determined for the fresh ore feed were:
• Abrasion index, Ai = 0.155;
• Bond ball work index, BWi = 11.2 kWh/t; and
• SMC modelling parameters, A x b = 52.
Estimated throughputs, based on the selected mills for the Ity CIL Process Plant, range from
3.75Mtpa to 4.5Mtpa for the fresh ore. Mill throughput for the softer ores is ball mill limited,
though it generally exceeds the plant hydraulic capacity.

Le Plaque
Transition and fresh composite sub-samples were tested to determine the Bond BWi. SMC
tests were only conducted on the Le Plaque fresh composite as the oxide and transition
composites were considered unsuitable. Results for the composite comminution test work can
be seen in Table 13-9.

Table 13-9: Bakatouo Composite Comminution Testwork Results Summary

Composite Oxidation Ai BWi DWi JK Breakage Parameters SG Comments
ID g (kWh/t) (kWh/m3) A b Axb ta
#2 Transition 16.4
#3 Fresh 0.1415 9.9 3.3 66 1.25 82.5 0.78 2.74 Moderately Abrasive

Excess undersize material was present in the transition composite, which was required to be
screened out via a zero cycle. This resulted in a non-standard test, and subsequently only
testing the more competent portion of the sample. This result should be considered as non-
representative and further testing is required. The highest BWi recorded from the Standard
BWi tests was 17kWh/t (Daapleu pit, #3, Fresh). In general, the Bakatouo and Le Plaque Fresh
samples returned BWi values (>14kWh/t), in line with the initial Feasibility Study results. It is
concluded that these materials will be suitably processed through the Ity plant.

13.4.3 Variability and Optimisation Testwork

Variability testwork was conducted on the all individual variability samples at the beginning of
the programme to determine the metallurgical performance of the Bakatouo and Le Plaque
deposits, and the variability within them. All testwork was conducted at a grind size of P80
75µm and included a gravity concentration step.

Initial Feasibility Study

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A series of variability leach tests was conducted on selected samples from the ¼ core delivered
from Ity to ALS. Each test comprised a standard cyanidation leach requiring approximately 5kg
of sample. The sample selection was based on the relative proportions of each individual facies
within the various pits and the overall contribution to the LoM ore tonnage. This facilitated the
development of a sample matrix, with a total of 40 variability samples being selected for the test
work programme. Each of the 40 variability samples were submitted for the following tests:
• Sample head assay determination;
• Grind to P80 of 75µm;
• Standard 36-hour bottle roll cyanide leach test at 40% w/w solids pulp density.
The criteria used for the variability leach conditions was based on typical industry values.
A summary of the head assay results is provided in Table 13-2. There was generally good
agreement between the triplicate gold assays for each of the variability samples, indicating a
lack of coarse gold particles.
Results of the leach variability tests are presented in Table 13-10 and Table 13-11. Gold
extraction varied significantly across the samples, with 12 of the 40 variability leach tests
returning gold extractions >95%, while nine of the tests yielded gold extractions <80%. Eight
were conducted on unoxidised Daapleu ore samples (Facies Type 601 and 101). Most of these
low recovery Daapleu samples formed the basis of the subsequent diagnostic test programme
to establish the reason for the poor gold recovery.

Table 13-10: Feasibility Study Variability Leach Test Results(1)

ALS Test Variability Pit Facies Oxidat. Head Calc. Head Calc. Au Ag
No. Sample Assay Head Assay Head Tail Rec Tail Rec
(Au ppm) (Au ppm) (As ppm) (As ppm) (ppm) (%) (ppm) (%)
CT1486 #1 Daapleu 811 Fresh 0.87 1.01 110 0.1 0.15 85.1 1.0 86.5
CT1487 #2 Daapleu 601 Fresh 1.95 2.49 630 793 0.43 82.8 12.0 54.0
CT1488 #3 Daapleu 601 Fresh 0.74 0.95 1,390 1,395 0.52 45.1 1.0 70.1
CT1489 #4 Daapleu 101 Fresh 1.89 1.64 410 423 0.09 94.5 1.0 52.7
CT1490 #5 Daapleu 601 Fresh 0.75 0.97 1,080 1,045 0.49 49.4 1.0 74.1
CT1491 #6 Daapleu 601 Fresh 0.50 0.50 250 281 0.15 69.7 1.0 33.4
CT1492 #7 Daapleu 601 Oxide 1.26 1.92 810 725 0.10 94.8 1.0 64.2
CT1493 #8 Daapleu 601 Fresh 1.09 0.72 220 251 0.09 87.5 1.0 39.6
CT1494 #9 Daapleu 101 Fresh 2.62 2.84 250 251 0.29 89.8 1.0 78.3
CT1495 #10 Daapleu 201 Oxide 0.76 0.80 1,190 1,070 0.07 91.3 1.0 30.9
CT1496 #11 Daapleu 601 Fresh 20.1 21.0 23,000 20,219 11.2 46.6 18.0 52.6
CT1497 #12 Daapleu 201 Oxide 0.98 1.35 860 820 0.08 94.1 1.0 30.0
CT1498 #13 Daapleu 601 Fresh 1.33 1.77 730 694 0.78 56.0 4.0 57.2
CT1499 #14 Daapleu 601 Fresh 1.94 1.96 1,210 1,165 1.09 44.4 1.0 57.7
CT1500 #15 Daapleu 601 Transition 6.12 6.34 2,090 1,890 1.56 75.4 2.0 86.4
CT1501 #16 Daapleu 601 Fresh 2.09 2.62 190 191 0.09 96.6 1.0 65.5
CT1502 #17 Daapleu 601 Fresh 1.32 1.58 320 324 0.21 86.7 4.0 80.8
CT1503 #18 Daapleu 101 Fresh 1.49 1.48 2,520 2,932 0.47 68.2 1.0 87.1
CT1504 #19 Gbéitouo 101 Fresh 0.51 0.41 890 854 0.07 82.8 1.0 10.6
CT1505 #20 Gbéitouo 201 Oxide 0.70 0.90 3,710 4,075 0.06 93.4 1.0 73.6
CT1506 #21 Gbéitouo 211 Transition 0.32 0.40 60 50 0.07 82.6 0.3 96.2
CT1507 #22 Gbéitouo 101 Transition 0.47 0.74 520 500 0.06 91.9 0.2 81.6
CT1508 #23 Ity Flat 501 Transition 0.97 1.06 <10 5.1 0.13 87.7 0.2 96.6
CT1509 #24 Ity Flat 901 Fresh 7.02 5.95 <10 5.1 0.23 96.1 0.9 70.4
CT1510 #25 Ity Flat 211 Fresh 7.85 10.3 <10 5.2 1.14 88.9 1.8 83.0
CT1511 #26 Ity Flat 201 Oxide 10.9 10.8 <10 5.1 0.29 97.3 1.2 92.6
CT1512 #27 Ity Flat 901 Transition 0.10 0.13 20 20 0.02 84.9 0.2 78.4
CT1513 #28 Ity Flat 201 Oxide 3.14 3.79 <10 5.1 0.58 84.7 0.3 37.5
CT1514 #29 Mont Ity 401 Fresh 16.3 18.3 <10 5.1 0.35 98.1 0.6 93.9
CT1515 #30 Mont Ity 401 Fresh 7.30 7.44 <10 5.1 1.36 81.7 3.3 76.2
CT1516 #31 Mont Ity 201 Oxide 4.33 6.14 30 40 0.10 98.4 2.0 89.9
CT1517 #32 Mont Ity 211 Oxide 1.73 1.62 <10 5.2 0.37 77.1 1.0 67.6
CT1518 #33 Walter 201 Oxide 0.31 0.34 <10 5.1 0.01 97.1 1.0 62.5
CT1519 #34 Walter 211 Fresh 2.80 2.35 10 10 0.18 92.3 1.0 37.0
CT1520 #35 Walter 201 Transition 1.35 1.50 <10 5.3 0.04 97.3 1.0 69.0
CT1521* #36 Zia NE 201 Oxide 2.40 2.71 10 5.1 0.12 95.6 1.0 55.5
CT1522* #37 Zia NE 201 Oxide 9.69 10.9 <10 5.1 0.34 96.9 1.0 60.7
CT1523 #38 Zia NE 301 Oxide 1.26 1.14 20 10 0.03 97.4 2.0 48.3
CT1524* #39 Zia NE 201 Oxide 0.98 1.14 <10 5.1 0.05 95.6 1.0 41.7
CT1525 #40 Zia NE 301 Oxide 2.62 2.97 20 5.1 0.06 98.0 4.0 5.08
(1)
Leach tests conducted at 30% w/w solids pulp density due to high pulp viscosity at 40% w/w solids.

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Table 13-11: Feasibility Study Variability Leach Test Results (continued)(1)

ALS Test No. Variability Pit Facies Oxidat. As Cu Consumption
Sample Tail Rec Tail Rec( Na CN Lime
(ppm) (%) (ppm) %) (g/t) (g/t)
CT1486 #1 Daapleu 811 Fresh 110 1.71 358 2.60 0.18 0.28
CT1487 #2 Daapleu 601 Fresh 790 0.38 42 9.27 0.25 0.21
CT1488 #3 Daapleu 601 Fresh 1,390 0.34 16 12.2 0.25 0.21
CT1489 #4 Daapleu 101 Fresh 420 0.71 72 10.5 0.43 0.26
CT1490 #5 Daapleu 601 Fresh 1,040 0.47 20 14.7 0.29 0.20
CT1491 #6 Daapleu 601 Fresh 280 0.36 8.0 10.3 0.25 0.24
CT1492 #7 Daapleu 601 Oxide 720 0.68 16 27.2 0.39 0.47
CT1493 #8 Daapleu 601 Fresh 250 0.52 8.0 10.3 0.25 0.16
CT1494 #9 Daapleu 101 Fresh 250 0.34 36 10.3 0.39 0.21
CT1495 #10 Daapleu 201 Oxide 1,070 0.04 96 0.25 0.62 1.90
CT1496 #11 Daapleu 601 Fresh 20,150 0.34 55 30.4 0.60 0.32
CT1497 #12 Daapleu 201 Oxide 820 0.06 15 3.47 0.39 0.84
CT1498 #13 Daapleu 601 Fresh 690 0.58 25 13.3 0.29 0.21
CT1499 #14 Daapleu 601 Fresh 1,160 0.44 10 8.30 0.25 0.21
CT1500 #15 Daapleu 601 Transition 1,875 0.80 25 39.1 0.36 0.42
CT1501 #16 Daapleu 601 Fresh 190 0.75 30 14.9 0.44 0.42
CT1502 #17 Daapleu 601 Fresh 320 1.10 45 12.4 0.39 0.21
CT1503 #18 Daapleu 101 Fresh 2,900 1.10 35 24.2 0.44 0.26
CT1504 #19 Gbéitouo 101 Fresh 850 0.48 75 7.11 0.51 0.16
CT1505 #20 Gbéitouo 201 Oxide 4,075 0.01 100 0.44 0.59 2.63
CT1506 #21 Gbéitouo 211 Transition 50 0.15 106 29.4 1.28 1.66
CT1507 #22 Gbéitouo 101 Transition 500 0.03 66 24.7 0.61 3.23
CT1508 #23 Ity Flat 501 Transition 5.0 1.53 716 64.5 2.96 2.37
CT1509 #24 Ity Flat 901 Fresh 5.0 1.48 3,920 3.35 0.72 0.28
CT1510 #25 Ity Flat 211 Fresh 5.0 2.95 11,600 18.1 5.11 1.42
CT1511 #26 Ity Flat 201 Oxide 5.0 1.49 1,720 6.22 1.02 3.13
CT1512 #27 Ity Flat 901 Transition 20 0.38 100 21.9 0.47 0.33
CT1513 #28 Ity Flat 201 Oxide 5.0 1.49 706 0.06 0.66 1.80
CT1514 #29 Mont Ity 401 Fresh 5.0 1.52 232 4.02 0.39 0.26
CT1515 #30 Mont Ity 401 Fresh 5.0 1.48 4,400 4.04 3.51 1.19
CT1516 #31 Mont Ity 201 Oxide 40 0.78 1,646 26.0 1.64 3.37
CT1517 #32 Mont Ity 211 Oxide 5.0 3.16 220 85.6 2.88 2.11
CT1518 #33 Walter 201 Oxide 5.0 1.55 626 1.74 0.67 6.42
CT1519 #34 Walter 211 Fresh 10 0.78 90 46.0 0.51 1.42
CT1520 #35 Walter 201 Transition 5.0 5.81 2,340 24.8 2.20 5.90
CT1521* #36 Zia NE 201 Oxide 5.0 2.35 2,176 0.12 0.61 4.21
CT1522* #37 Zia NE 201 Oxide 5.0 2.36 918 0.05 0.49 4.21
CT1523 #38 Zia NE 301 Oxide 10 0.76 162 1.61 0.55 5.27
CT1524* #39 Zia NE 201 Oxide 5.0 2.33 448 0.10 0.56 3.69
CT1525 #40 Zia NE 301 Oxide 5.0 1.53 530 0.58 0.62 3.69
(1)
Leach tests conducted at 30% w/w solids pulp density due to high pulp viscosity at 40% w/w solids

As a general trend, the low gold extractions correspond to high feed arsenic assays, which may
indicate the gold is locked within arsenopyrite as a solid solution. Additional processing
techniques other than conventional milling and cyanidation leaching may be required to improve
gold recovery from high arsenic ore types.
A suite of gravity gold tests followed by cyanidation were performed on each of the six
composites at three different pulp densities (30%, 35% and 40% solids for Composite #6, Zia
NE and 40%, 45% and 50% solids for the other five composites), each at the optimum grind
size (P80 75µm), with the same starting NaCN concentration (500ppm), and for a 48 hour leach
duration. The results are summarised in Table 13-12.

Table 13-12: Feasibility Pulp Density Optimisation Summary

Pulp Head Calc. Gravity Overall Au Gravity Overall Ag
Composite Density Assay Head Au Recovery Ag Recovery
(% solids) (Au ppm) (Au ppm) (%) (%) (%) (%)
40 1.36 1.29 18.9 79.9 1.4 67.3
Composite #1 [Daapleu
45 1.36 1.50 16.2 80.0 1.3 71.2
Oxide]
50 1.36 1.36 18.0 80.9 1.4 67.4
40 5.03 6.03 44.7 97.3 2.8 92.6
Composite #3 [Ity Flat] 45 5.03 6.06 44.5 97.5 2.6 86.2
50 5.03 5.99 45.0 97.5 2.4 87.4
40 8.92 3.57 25.1 89.4 2.3 70.3
Composite #4 [Mont Ity] 45 8.92 3.69 24.2 94.3 2.2 76.5
50 8.92 3.31 27.1 92.1 2.4 60.5
40 0.82 1.04 17.2 95.2 2.0 87.1
Composite #5 [Walter] 45 0.82 0.99 18.0 96.0 2.3 85.1
50 0.82 1.09 16.5 96.3 2.2 85.8
30 1.18 1.09 16.5 96.3 1.3 70.4
Composite #6 [Zia NE] 35 1.18 1.09 16.5 96.3 1.4 70.0
40 1.18 1.08 16.7 96.3 1.4 70.0
40 1.69 1.70 14.8 63.5 3.1 69.6
Composite #7 [Daapleu
45 1.69 1.74 14.5 63.5 2.9 65.0
Primary]
50 1.69 1.67 15.1 64.0 2.8 61.4

The results indicate a consistently high recovery of gold to the gravity concentrate for the Ity
Flat material (~45%) with reasonably high gold recovery to a gravity concentrate reported for
Mont Ity (~25%). Each of the four remaining composites demonstrated similar gold recoveries

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to a gravity concentrate of between approximately 15% and 19%. Conversely, silver recovery
to the gravity concentrate was consistently low for all composites (between 1.3% and 3.1%).
The results indicate little discernible effect on gold recovery at the three different pulp densities
used for each composite (excepting composite #4 (Mont Ity)). The Mont Ity results show a
94.3% gold recovery at 45% solids, while at 50% solids the gold recovery falls to 92.1%.
Consequently, for all composites other than Mont Ity, the highest of the three pulp densities was
adopted as the optimum condition for subsequent testwork.
A suite of gravity gold recovery, followed by cyanidation tests, were performed on each of the
six composites at three different starting NaCN concentrations (150ppm, 250ppm, and
350ppm), each at the optimum grind size (P80 75µm), pulp density (40% w/w solids), for a 48-
hour leach duration. The results are summarised in Table 13-13. (The table also shows the
results for the pulp density optimisation tests performed at 40%w/w solids and 500ppm NaCN
for comparison).

Table 13-13: Cyanide Optimisation Summary

ALS Initial NaCN Calc. Gravity Au Overall Au Gravity Ag Overall Ag
Composite
Test No (ppm) Head (Au ppm) (%) Recovery (%) (%) Recovery (%)
CT1636 150 1.40 17.4 80.0 1.3 62.0
CT1637 Composite #1 250 1.40 17.5 82.1 1.4 69.1
CT1638 [Daapleu] 350 1.28 19.1 85.9 1.5 74.7
CT1633 500 1.29 18.9 79.9 1.4 67.3
CT1642 150 5.74 47.0 76.5 3.0 21.0
CT1643 Composite #3 250 5.48 49.2 95.6 2.8 78.1
CT1644 [Ity Flat] 350 6.21 43.4 97.1 2.7 85.5
CT1639 500 6.03 44.7 97.3 2.8 92.6
CT1648 150 3.44 26.0 53.8 2.7 5.6
CT1649 Composite #4 250 3.32 27.0 71.4 2.4 12.7
CT1650 [Mont Ity] 350 3.28 27.3 75.6 3.0 33.8
CT1645 500 3.57 25.1 89.4 2.3 70.3
CT1654 150 1.12 16.0 87.5 2.5 34.9
CT1655 Composite #5 250 1.05 17.0 94.3 2.1 86.1
CT1656 [Walter] 350 1.05 17.0 96.2 1.8 88.0
CT1651 500 1.04 17.2 95.2 2.0 87.1
CT1660 150 1.08 16.7 95.4 1.3 71.3
CT1661 Composite #6 250 1.08 16.6 96.3 1.3 70.7
CT1662 [Zia NE] 350 1.10 16.4 95.4 1.1 61.8
CT1657 500 1.09 16.5 96.3 1.3 70.4
CT1666 150 1.68 15.0 60.2 2.9 59.1
CT1667 Composite #7 250 1.71 14.8 64.9 2.9 59.4
CT1668 [Daapleu Primary] 350 1.72 14.7 62.8 2.0 39.6
CT1663 500 1.70 14.8 63.5 3.1 69.6

The cyanide optimisation tests consistently showed that the lowest gold recoveries were
achieved at the lowest (150ppm) cyanide concentration. Only the Mont Ity composite
(Composite #4) demonstrated a higher gold recovery when starting with a 500ppm NaCN
concentration instead of 350ppm. Consequently, for all composites other than Mont Ity, the
starting NaCN concentration of 350ppm was adopted as the optimum conditions for the
subsequent testwork.

Optimised Pulp Density and Cyanide Conditions

Based on the results from the pulp density and cyanide optimisation tests (all conducted at the
optimised P80 of 75µm) a set of optimised leach conditions was developed for each composite
for the subsequent bulk cyanidation testwork. This set of criteria is summarised in Table 13-14.

Table 13-14: Optimised Leach Conditions for Each Composite

Composite Grind Size P80 (µm) Pulp Density (% w/w solids) NaCN Conc (ppm)
Composite #1 [Daapleu Oxide] 75 50 350
Composite #3 [Ity Flat] 75 50 350
Composite #4 [Mont Ity] 75 45 500
Composite #5 [Walter] 75 50 350
Composite #6 [Zia NE] 75 40 350
Composite #7 [Daapleu Primary] 75 50 350

Results of the bulk leach tests are presented in Figure 13-1 through Figure 13-6 inclusive below.
The poor Daapleu recovery of approximately 60-65% for Au is noted, based on the selected
flow sheet for the processing plant.

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Figure 13-1: Rate of Metal Extraction – Daapleu Oxide (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 13-2: Rate of Metal Extraction – Ity Flat (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 13-3: Rate of Metal Extraction – Mont Ity (Source: Endeavour)

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Figure 13-4: Rate of Metal Extraction – Walter (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 13-5: Rate of Metal Extraction – Zia NE (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 13-6: Rate of Metal Extraction – Daapleu Primary (Source: Endeavour)

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13.4.4 Oxygen Uptake Rate Tests

A series of oxygen uptake rate tests were performed on each of the composites to provide an
indication of the oxygen requirements for the leaching circuit. These tests were performed
under the optimised conditions of grind, pulp density, and starting cyanide concentration shown
in Table 13-15.
The standard procedure used for the oxygen uptake rate tests was adopted. The series of
oxygen decay measurements was repeated after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 24 hours. A summary of
the results is provided in Figure 13-7.

Table 13-15: Oxygen Uptake Results Summary

Composite Oxygen Uptake Rate (mg/L.min) at Elapsed Time (hours)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 24
Composite #1 [Daapleu Oxide] 0.0332 0.0090 0.0038 0.0071 0.0035 0.0034 0.0022 0.0009
Composite #3 [Ity Flat] 0.2979 0.0225 0.0237 0.0258 0.0252 0.0378 0.0039 0.0074
Composite #4 [Mont Ity] 0.3475 0.0416 0.0011 0.0120 0.0126 0.0105 0.0087 0.0055
Composite #5 [Walter] 0.1113 0.0143 0.0136 0.0113 0.0107 0.0076 0.0036 0.0018
Composite #6 [Zia NE] 0.0234 0.0030 0.0032 0.0026 0.0008 0.0066 0.0009 0.0016
Composite #7 [Daapleu Primary] 0.0100 0.0070 0.0055 0.0058 0.0054 0.0053 0.0061 0.0047

Figure 13-7: Oxygen Uptake Results Summary (Source: Endeavour)

The data indicates that ore from Mont Ity and Ity Flat has a high oxygen consumption within the
first hour of leaching, followed by ore from Walter. Oxygen demand for Ity Flat remains highest
for the duration of the test and does not tend to taper as rapidly with increasing time. The
Daapleu primary ore (Composite #7) has a consistently low oxygen demand.
Although the oxygen uptake demand is typically low (i.e. consistently less than 0.15mg/l.min for
all values recorded, except the initial readings for the Mont Ity and Ity Flat composites), the
addition of oxygen instead of air to the CIL tanks was adopted as it offers a number of significant
benefits:
• Reduced cyanide consumption;
• Improved leach kinetics that will assist in improving overall gold recovery where leach
residence time may be less than optimal;

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• Assist in the oxidation of any reactive sulphides that may be present; and
• Reduced potential for cyanide stripping and HCN gas generation within the CIL circuit.
The results of the oxygen uptake rate test and the likely consumption of oxygen within the
cyanide detoxification circuit from the Feasibility Study, highlighted the requirement to install 2
x 10t/day oxygen plant modules to satisfy anticipated demand. However, the high level of
soluble copper in the feed to the Ity plant, resulting largely from Ity and Bakatouo ores, will result
in significant CNWAD levels. The SO2/Air process requires large amounts of oxygen and this
has led to an increase in the oxygen plant capacity to 2 units of 50 tonnes per day.

Bakatouo
Variability testwork was conducted on 35 contiguous intercept samples representing a
geographical spread across the orebody and each of the weathered states, oxide, transition
and fresh. A standard test with a gravity recovery stage followed by direct cyanidation was
conducted for each sample.
All tests demonstrated over 90% gold extraction after 24 hours, (except for six samples, mainly
transition ore) with an average of 95% gold extraction excluding the six poor performers. Leach
kinetics were typically fast, with maximum extraction from the gravity tail being reached within
eight hours (except from a few notably poor performers). The average of these results can be
seen in Table 13-16:
• Gravity gold recovery averaged 30% with highs of over 50%;
• Cyanide consumption averaged 2kg/t to 2.5kg/t for the tests, peaking at 7.4kg/t for the poor
recovery samples;
• Copper extraction of approximately 50% was experienced for most samples. Poor gold
extraction results are clearly associated with high copper in solution grades (>1,000ppm).
Higher copper solution grades also result in notably slower gold leach kinetics; and
• There appears to be little gold - arsenic association in the samples with contained arsenic.
The degree of cyanide soluble copper in these ores was highlighted as a significant issue for
ore processing, despite the high gold recoveries and the copper in solution. It has been noted
that increasing the cyanide setpoint in the CIL circuit has reduced the impact of copper on gold
extraction. A project is currently in detailed engineering phase to remove copper from solution,
to produce a saleable copper product. This project has the added advantage of recovering
cyanide from the tailings stream and recycling this to the CIL, reducing costs.
A graphical presentation of the gold and copper extractions from the variability leach tests is
shown in Figure 13-8 and includes the superimposed copper solubility index. The copper
solubility index was formulated to allow identification of potentially problematic ores for
processing. Values over 30% are a cause for concern, and values over 50% will impact gold
extraction adversely. The diverse copper mineralisation present makes it difficult to relate
cyanide soluble copper to head grade, so this index is only useful for tested samples. Copper
solubility testing is recommended as an essential add-on to mine grade control for Bakatouo.

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Table 13-16: Average Bakatouo Variability Leach Test Results

Test Calc. Head Gold Calc. Head Copper Reagent Consumption
Sample ID Au Tail GRG Rec Cu Sol'n Tail Rec NaCN Lime
(ppm) (ppm) (%) (%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (%) (kg/t) (kg/t)
Average Fresh (low sol. Cu) 2.57 0.09 32.1 96.6 1,528 169 1,281 17 0.84 0.48
Average Fresh (mod. sol. Cu) 1.66 0.09 36.6 94.7 1,069 284 652 41.5 1.16 0.25
Average Fresh (high sol. Cu) 3.17 0.21 25.8 93.5 2,078 850 844 67.1 2.81 0.34
Average Transition 5.04 0.83 31.3 85.4 5,581 1,498 3,408 50 4.66 1.08
Average Oxide 3.94 0.12 24.2 97.5 1,769 195 1,452 15.5 0.92 2.39

Figure 13-8: Bakatouo Variability Testwork – Au and Cu Extractions with Cu (Source:

Endeavour)

Le Plaque
High total gold extraction was observed on all three composites ranging between 93.5% to
97.5%, with low gravity gold content of 4.5% to 14.1%. Leach kinetics were rapid for both the
Oxide and Transition composites, with the bulk of the leach completed after 2 hours. Due to a
much higher grade and low initial gravity recovery, the Fresh Composite displayed a slower
leach kinetic profile. Cyanide consumption was low for all three composites, whilst the Oxide
and Transition composites displayed excess lime consumption.
No significant difference in Oxide and Transition Composite leach performance was noted
across all three % solids tests. It was noted that the test at 45% solids gave the optimal leach
performance for the Fresh Composite.
The use of 350ppm NaCN dosage resulted in the optimum leach kinetics up to 24 hours,
although final extraction for Oxide and Transition Composites was the same for all dosages and
the same as 250ppm for the Fresh Composite at leach termination (36 hours).
The test with lead nitrate exhibited the fastest leach kinetics up to the 4 hour mark. However,
all four tests (lead nitrate and pH 12) are within 0.06g/tAu of each other and total extraction is
essentially the same. Results can be seen in Table 13-17 below.

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Table 13-17: Average Bakatouo Variability Leach Test Results

Comp. ID Variations % Au Extraction @ (hr) Au Grade Consumption
% Solids/Init Grav
NaCN or PbNO3 2 4 8 36/48 Calc'd Head Leach Residue NaCN Lime
(ppm) (%) (%) (%) (%) (g/t) (g/t) (kg/t) (kg/t)
Baseline Tests
Oxide 1 14.07 91.16 93.77 94.63 97.46 5.12 0.13 0.29 2.6
Trans. 2 40%/500 ppm 8.13 90.8 92.57 93.15 94.85 1.26 0.07 0.25 2.95
Fresh 3 4.48 52.14 69.95 81.3 93.54 17.3 1.12 0.25 0.38
Optimisation (% Solids) Tests
40 10.73 90.32 94.84 94.31 97.94 5.58 0.12 0.18 2.75
Oxide 1 45 10.71 87.69 94.17 94.81 97.76 5.59 0.13 0.2 2.5
50 10.38 85.83 94.89 95.06 97.83 5.77 0.13 0.2 2.5
40 5.26 89.49 91.81 93.53 96.88 1.28 0.04 0.15 3.2
Trans. 2 45 5.26 88.53 95.11 94.18 96.88 1.28 0.04 0.18 2.95
50 5.18 87.26 93.3 95.54 97.7 1.3 0.03 0.17 2.9
40 3 48.65 65.44 79.26 92.19 18.3 1.43 0.22 0.5
Fresh 3 45 2.99 51.31 74.58 89.51 94.61 18.4 0.99 0.2 0.4
50 2.95 43.42 65.12 79.75 92.97 18.6 1.31 0.22 0.3
Optimisation (Cyanide Dosage - ppm) Tests
150 10.53 72.77 88.43 94.64 96.66 5.69 0.19 0.1 2.8
Oxide 1 250 10.64 83.38 94.72 97.07 97.34 5.63 0.15 0.18 2.4
350 10.72 88.62 96.84 97.89 98.39 5.58 0.09 0.18 2.39
150 5.21 72.99 87.9 92.44 96.91 1.29 0.04 0.03 2.75
Trans. 2 250 5.27 86.01 91.8 94.09 96.88 1.28 0.04 0.1 2.4
350 5.25 88.68 94.45 96.73 97.28 1.29 0.04 0.15 2.54
150 2.97 25.82 41.59 59.2 82.47 18.4 3.24 0.13 0.35
Fresh 3 250 2.99 34.77 53.66 71.07 94.1 18.3 1.08 0.18 0.5
350 2.99 40.16 60.2 77.7 94.01 18.4 1.1 0.23 0.27
Optimisation (Standard and pH 12.0) Tests
Std. 3.51 72.97 80.8 90.07 94.47 19.5 1.08 0.25 0.45
Fresh 3
pH 12.0 3.64 69.82 79.22 89.46 95.59 18.8 0.83 0.25 2.15
Optimisation (Lead Nitrate dosage - ppm) Tests
100 3.6 81.6 91.05 93.36 95.64 19 0.83 0.25 0.45
Fresh 3 250 3.6 78.43 90.13 93.99 95.48 19 0.86 0.3 0.53
350 3.51 76.34 88.75 92.52 95.46 19.5 0.89 0.25 0.53

13.5 Diagnostic Testwork Programme

13.5.1 Feasibility Study
A diagnostic test work programme was implemented on selected samples which had earlier
demonstrated poor gold recovery from the variability tests. The objective of the diagnostic work
was to determine the reason(s) for the low gold recovery by performing a series of sequential
gravity/leach tests on selected residue samples from the variability testwork campaign.

13.5.2 Feasibility Study Sample Selection

The residue samples for diagnostic testing were selected based on low gold recovery (typically
less than 85%) and with a head assay >0.5g/tAu. A summary of the samples used for the
diagnostic testwork is provided in Table 13-18.

Table 13-18: Average Bakatouo Variability Leach Test Results

ALS Variability Test Variability Pit Facies Oxidation Head Assay Tails Assay
Au Recovery (%)
No. Sample (Auppm) (Auppm)
CT1487 #2 Daapleu 601 Fresh 2.49 0.43 82.8
CT1490 #5 Daapleu 601 Fresh 0.97 0.49 49.4
CT1496 #11 Daapleu 601 Fresh 21.0 11.2 46.6
CT1498 #13 Daapleu 601 Fresh 1.77 0.78 56.0
CT1499 #14 Daapleu 601 Fresh 1.96 1.09 44.4
CT1500 #15 Daapleu 601 Transition 6.34 1.56 75.4
CT1503 #18 Daapleu 101 Fresh 1.48 0.47 68.2
CT1513 #28 Ity Flat 201 Oxide 3.79 0.58 84.7
CT1515 #30 Mont Ity 401 Fresh 7.44 1.36 81.7
CT1517 #32 Mont Ity 211 Oxide 1.62 0.37 77.1

The diagnostic testwork programme was a multi-stage sequential diagnostic gold leach
analysis, aimed at determining the presence of various minerals which may be preventing high
gold recovery from a conventional milling and cyanidation circuit. The tests were performed
sequentially as follows:
• Gravity separation using a Knelson concentrator followed by mercury amalgamation of the
gravity concentrate to determine the gravity gold content;
• Cyanidation of the combined Knelson concentrator and amalgamation tails to determine the
free (cyanidable) gold content;

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• Dilute hydrochloric acid (3M HCl) digest of the direct cyanidation leach residue, followed by
cyanidation, to determine the gold locked in carbonate minerals;
• Nitric acid digest of the HCl / cyanidation residue, followed by cyanidation, to determine the
gold locked in arsenopyrite and other arsenical minerals;
• Concentrated aqua regia digest on the cyanidation residue to determine the gold locked
within all remaining sulphides (predominantly pyrite); and
• Fire assay of the residue from the aqua regia digest to determine the gold encapsulated in
silicates.

13.5.3 Feasibility Study Diagnostic Testwork Results

A summary of the diagnostic test programme results conducted on the 10 variability leach
residue samples is provided in Table 13-19. This shows the fraction (%) of the residual gold
recovered at each stage of the diagnostic testing.

Table 13-19: Feasibility Study Diagnostic Testwork Results

ALS Variability Free Gravity Free Carbonate Arsenical Pyritic Sulphide Silicate
Variability Test Sample Gold Cyanidable Locked Mineral Mineral and Iron Locked
No Gold Gold Oxides
CT1487 #2 0.34 12.5 7.54 54.52 17.45 7.66
CT1490 #5 0.62 2.03 1.40 77.96 16.21 1.78
CT1496 #11 0.03 0.92 1.53 81.01 16.18 0.32
CT1498 #13 2.03 3.86 0.91 62.87 29.18 1.15
CT1499 #14 0.14 1.37 0.62 72.48 24.61 0.78
CT1500 #15 0.09 1.74 6.54 80.04 10.55 1.04
CT1503 #18 0.36 3.55 13.16 79.41 2.49 1.03
CT1513 #28 0.43 82.47 9.51 1.87 3.11 2.60
CT1515 #30 0.15 15.26 40.43 31.01 8.47 4.68
CT1517 #32 0.44 74.36 15.13 6.99 1.75 1.32

A graphical representation of the diagnostic test results, showing the gold distribution among
the various mineral, types is presented in Figure 13-9. These results indicate that the majority
(between 54% and 81%) of the unleached gold from the Daapleu variability residue samples
(#2, #5, #11, #13, #14, #15, and #18) is locked within arsenopyrite, confirming the refractory
nature of the Daapleu primary ore and the need to adopt a different processing route for this
particular ore type if gold recoveries are to be improved.
Confirmation of the refractory nature of the Daapleu primary ore led to the development of a
separate refractory testwork programme dedicated to a composite derived from Daapleu core
samples identified as having unoxidised mineralogy (Composite #7).

Figure 13-9: Feasibility Study Diagnostic Gold Analysis – Overall Distribution (Source:
Endeavour)

Test #32

Test #30

Test #28

Test #18

Test #15

Test #14

Test #13

Test #11

Test #5

Test #2

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

FREE GRAVITY GOLD FREE / CYANIDABLE GOLD

CARBONATE LOCKED GOLD ARSENICAL MINERAL [ARSENOPYRITE]
PYRITIC SULPHIDE MINERAL & IRON OXIDES SILICATE [GANGUE] ENCAPSULATED

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13.5.4 Bakatouo Diagnostic Testwork

A summary of the gold diagnostic leach results conducted on six variability composites is
provided in Figure 13-10. The diagnostic results clearly show that with sufficient cyanide,
almost all the gold in all the weathered states is leachable. The approach taken neutralises the
effects of the copper on gold leaching. The impact of soluble copper appears to be the only
problematic aspect for processing of this ore.
Copper diagnostic leaches were performed on all the variability samples to better understand
the nature of the copper mineralisation and to see if any trends in leaching behaviour could be
explained by the mineralisation. These results are presented graphically in Figure 13-11.
A mineralogical investigation indicated that bornite and chalcopyrite host most of the elemental
copper in the fresh composites, with most of the remaining elemental copper hosted by
chalcocite/ digenite. These minerals are classified as ‘well liberated’ (90%).
In the transition composite, malachite/ azurite and native Cu/tenorite host 65% of the elemental
copper.
Of the gold grains observed in the fresh composites, several occurred as liberated particles
(10μm to 150μm in size). All the remaining gold grains were smaller than 15μm and occurred
mainly in bornite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and less commonly in silicates.

Figure 13-10: Bakatouo Diagnostic Gold Analysis – Overall Distribution (Source:

Endeavour)

Figure 13-11: Bakatouo Copper Diagnostic Assay (Source: Endeavour)

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13.5.5 Le Plaque Diagnostic Testwork

A sub-sample of Fresh #3 Composite leach residue was submitted for multi- stage diagnostic
gold leach testwork. The distribution or deportment of gold in various minerals is determined
by a series of selective leaches, usually by progressively stronger oxidative acid leaches.
Between each stage, cyanide leaching is used to extract the released gold. In this test, seven
analytical stages were carried out.
The diagnostic sequence of tests was conducted as follows:
• A 500g leach residue charge was subjected to an intensive leach to determine the remaining
cyanidable gold content;
• The intensive leach residue was then subjected to 3M HCl digestion to destroy the carbonate
minerals, reactive sulphides, and pyrrhotite;
• The residue from hydrochloric acid digestion was subsequently cyanide leached to
determine the quantity of gold;
• The residue from the direct leach was subjected to dilute nitric acid digestion to destroy the
arsenical minerals such as arsenopyrite and arsenical pyrite;
• The residue from the nitric acid digestion stage was subsequently cyanide leached to
determine the released gold content;
• The residue from the HNO3/cyanidation stage was subjected to aqua regia digestion to
destroy all remaining sulphide minerals (mostly pyrite) and release the contained gold into
solution; and
• The residue from the aqua regia digestion was fire assay smelted to determine the silicate
(gangue) encapsulated gold content.
Summary of results can be seen in Table 13-20 and Figure 13-12.

Table 13-20: Feasibility Study Diagnostic Testwork Results

Diagnostic Stage Gold Content Gold Deportment (P80: 75μm)
(g/t) (%)
Intensive Leach Remaining Cyanidable 0.60 52.05
Dil. HCl Digest/Direct Leach Carbonate &/or Labile Sulphides (e.g. Pyrrhotite) Locked 0.10 8.62
Dil HNO3 Digest/Direct Leach Arsenical Mineral (Arsenopyrite) Locked 0.19 16.78
Aqua Regia Digest Pyritic Sulphide Mineral Locked 0.14 12.14
Total Fire Assay Smelt Silicate (Gangue) &/or Graphitic Carbon Encapsulated 0.12 10.41
Total Calculated Gold 1.15 100.00

Intensive cyanidation can remove 52.05% of the remaining gold from the Fresh 3 residue
sample. Optimisation of the gold cyanide leach could reduce this number. The majority of the
remaining gold (16.78%, 0.19g/t) is locked in a mineral phase that is dilute nitric acid digestible,
commonly arsenopyrite. The silicate locked portion of the sample showed 0.12 g/t of contained
gold. Total calculated gold is accurate in comparison to residue grade (1.15g/t vs 1.12g/t).

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Figure 13-12: Le Plaque Diagnostic Gold Analysis – Fresh Composite (Source:

Endeavour)

13.5.6 Grinding Sensitivity Testwork Feasibility Study

Cyanide leach tests were performed on each of the six composites at three different grind sizes
(P80 106µm, 90µm, 75µm) under standard leach conditions (40%w/w solids, 500ppm initial
NaCN, pH 10.5, oxygen sparging) for 48 hours to establish the effect of different grind sizes on
gold recovery. Each composite was first subjected to a gravity gold determination using a 3''
Knelson concentrator. The gravity concentrate was amalgamated with mercury and the
concentrator and amalgam tails recombined for feed to the subsequent cyanide leach tests.
The results are summarised in Table 13-21 and Figure 13-13, Figure 13-14 and Figure 13-15
below.

Table 13-21: Feasibility Grind Optimisation Summary

ALS Test No Composite Grind Size Gravity Calc. Leach Au Extraction, (%)
P80 Au Head Residue (Au 4 8 24 48
(µm) (%) (Au ppm) ppm) hours hours hours hours
CT1593 106 29.1 1.51 0.28 77.47 78.84 80.18 81.46
Composite #1
CT1594 90 27.7 1.48 0.31 74.49 76.40 76.40 79.05
[Daapleu]
CT1595 75 24.1 1.27 0.22 81.04 81.58 82.65 82.65
CT1596 106 42.4 5.50 0.15 85.16 88.48 96.08 97.27
CT1597 Composite #3 [Ity Flat] 90 49.0 6.12 0.22 87.01 92.24 95.77 96.41
CT1598 75 47.2 5.62 0.18 86.98 93.70 95.86 96.79
CT1599 106 28.2 3.46 0.21 68.71 78.62 83.30 93.94
CT1600 Composite #4 [Mont Ity] 90 36.2 3.22 0.19 70.95 79.03 83.86 94.10
CT1601 75 32.8 3.09 0.15 67.80 78.47 82.84 95.15
CT1602 106 16.8 1.10 0.08 86.48 90.90 92.74 92.74
CT1603 Composite #5 [Walter] 90 19.2 1.12 0.06 89.75 91.01 94.63 94.63
CT1604 75 18.8 1.06 0.05 90.85 90.85 95.30 95.30
CT1605 106 21.2 1.22 0.05 92.03 93.74 94.30 95.91
CT1606 Composite #6 [Zia NE] 90 18.7 1.18 0.05 92.20 95.20 95.20 95.76
CT1607 75 16.4 1.10 0.03 94.14 96.07 96.07 97.26
CT1608 106 11.4 1.57 0.55 59.82 62.06 65.06 65.06
Composite #7 [Daapleu
CT1609 90 20.9 1.77 0.58 63.84 64.24 66.14 67.26
Primary]
CT1610 75 16.7 1.65 0.57 62.52 63.78 64.60 65.40

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Figure 13-13: Feasibility Grind Impact on Gravity Recoverable Gold Optimisation

Results (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 13-14: Feasibility Grind Impact on Leachable Gold Recovery Optimisation

Results (Source: Endeavour)

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Figure 13-15: Feasibility Grind Impact on Leachable Silver Recovery Optimisation

Results (Source: Endeavour)

The results indicated a significant mass of gravity recoverable gold (approximately 24 to 49%)
for the Daapleu oxide and primary ore mix (Composite #1), Ity Flat (Composite #3), and Mont
Ity (Composite #4). Gravity recoverable gold from Walter (Composite #5), Zia NE (Composite
#6) and Daapleu primary ore (Composite #7) is generally less than c.20%.
All ore composites, with the exception Mont Ity (Composite #4) indicated that there was little
additional gold extraction after 24 hours of leaching time. The Mont Ity ore composite achieved
an approximate 10% to 12% improvement in gold recovery by doubling the leach residence
time to 48 hours.
These results typically indicate a 1 to 2% increase in gold recovery at the end of the 48-hour
cyanide leach using a P80 grind size of 75µm compared to the coarser 90µm and 106µm size
fractions. Consequently, 75µm was adopted for all subsequent cyanide and pulp density
optimisation tests. Similarly, the consistently high proportion of gravity recoverable gold for all
composites meant that the Knelson concentrator was included ahead of cyanidation for the
subsequent cyanide and pulp density optimisation testwork
No grind sensitivity testwork was conducted on Bakatouo or Le Plaque material.

13.5.7 Rheology Tests

A series of rheology tests were performed at three different pulp densities for each of the six
composites. A summary of the results is presented in Table 13-22.

Table 13-22: Feasibility Grind Optimisation Summary

Composite Solids Bohlin Visco 88 Viscosity (cP) @ Shear Rate (sec-1)
% w/w 4.2 7.4 13.1 21.9 38.9 67.4 119.2 209.5
60 338 297 240 179 141 116 124 137
Composite #1 [Daapleu
50 0 0 0 0 0 30 45 67
Oxide]
40 0 0 0 0 0 19 34 55
50 11,761 7,760 4,665 2,757 1,668 1,033 661 400
Composite #3 [Ity Flat] 40 3,309 2,039 1,188 811 480 289 172 145
30 752 489 300 194 121 79 68 76
60 23,976 19,567 12,718 7,834 4,670 2,977 1,886 1,120
Composite #4 [Mont Ity] 50 7,484 4,843 2,832 1,730 1,044 650 400 245
40 2,332 1,360 828 546 339 207 129 112
60 8,317 6,535 5,816 3,607 2,300 1,387 875 569
Composite #5 [Walter] 50 1,956 1,211 720 452 278 175 130 133
40 0 0 0 65 60 51 57 69
50 14,165 8,911 5,624 3,559 2,203 1,351 816 478
Composite #6 [Zia NE] 40 4,137 2,443 1,440 904 536 324 196 148
30 1,091 659 408 258 161 102 80 79
Composite #7 60 14,165 8,911 5,624 3,559 2,203 1,351 816 478

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Composite Solids Bohlin Visco 88 Viscosity (cP) @ Shear Rate (sec-1)

% w/w 4.2 7.4 13.1 21.9 38.9 67.4 119.2 209.5
[Daapleu 50 0 0 0 0 0 23 43 68
Primary] 40 0 0 0 0 0 14 32 51

The results of the viscosity tests indicate the following:

• The Daapleu oxide composite demonstrated relatively low viscosity characteristics for the
pulp densities tested. Even at 60% w/w solids pulp density the results indicate that
adsorption kinetics would not be an issue in a CIL circuit design;
• The Ity Flat (Composite #3) rheology testwork returned high viscosity values and indicated
that centrifugal pumps would not be selected for pumping slurries containing greater than
c.45% w/w solids. Moreover, operation of a CIL circuit would only be appropriate at a pulp
density of less than c.35% w/w solids;
• Of the three pulp densities tested for the Mont Ity (Composite #4) ore, only 40% w/w solids
would be suitable for the CIL circuit design and the use of centrifugal slurry pumps. Pulp
densities of 50% w/w and 60% w/w solids returned viscosity data that would preclude the
adoption of a conventional CIL circuit and of the use of centrifugal slurry pumps at these
densities;
• The Walter (Composite #5) ore rheology testwork indicated that a conventional CIL circuit
would not operate satisfactorily at a pulp density greater than approximately 50% w/w solids;
• The selection of 30%, 40%, and 50% w/w solids pulp densities for the rheology testwork for
Zia NE (Composite #6) based on earlier leach optimisation work, was vindicated by the
viscosity results. The ore showed similar rheological characteristics to those of Ity Flat
(Composite #3), indicating a maximum pulp density in CIL of approximately 35% w/w solids;
and
• Like Daapleu Oxide (Composite #1) ore, Daapleu Primary (Composite #7) ore demonstrated
low viscosity characteristics and indicated that a CIL circuit could be successfully operated
at a pulp density of up to 60% w/w solids.
These results indicate that blending the oxide ores with Daapleu will be necessary to allow
processing at higher slurry densities. Ity Flat rheology results are shown below in Figure 13-16.

Figure 13-16: Rheology Results – Composite #3 (Ity Flat) (Source: Endeavour)

Agitators Pumps Cyclones
100000.0

Approximate Limit of
Centrifugal Pumps 30% Solids
Apparent Viscosity (cP)

10000.0 40% Solids

50% Solids

1000.0

CIL Tank Limit due

to Carbon Kinetics

100.0

10.0
1 10 100 1000
Shear Rate (sec-1)

13.5.8 Carbon Adsorption Tests

A programme of carbon adsorption testwork, comprising sequential triple contact adsorption

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and equilibrium carbon loading testing was conducted on each of the composites following
gravity separation and cyanidation leaching under optimised conditions.

Bulk Cyanidation Testwork

Bulk gravity separation and cyanidation testwork was conducted on each of the six composites
under the optimised conditions. A summary of the bulk cyanidation testwork results is provided
in Table 13-23.

Table 13-23: Feasibility Grind Optimisation Summary

Composite Grind % Initil Calculated Head Gravity Recoverable Overall Reagent
Size Solids NaCN (g/t) (%) Recovery (%) Consumption
P80 NaCN Lime
(µm) (w/w) (ppm) Au Ag Au Ag Au Ag (kg/t) (kg/t)
Composite #1 [Daapleu Oxide] 75 50 350 1.45 4.31 6.2 1.2 80.0 65.2 0.17 0.71
Composite #3 [Ity Flat] 75 50 250 5.29 4.71 38.4 2.4 95.8 74.5 1.26 2.27
Composite #4 [Mont Ity] 75 45 500 3.50 7.24 38.2 2.3 95.4 79.3 1.93 1.27
Composite #5 [Walter] 75 50 350 0.95 1.06 8.8 2.2 95.8 81.2 1.66 2.53
Composite #6 [Zia NE] 75 40 350 1.22 2.73 15.2 1.0 95.9 56.0 0.15 3.93
Composite #7 [Daapleu Primary] 75 50 350 1.77 6.03 9.7 2.5 64.3 60.2 0.10 0.33

Sequential Triple Contact Carbon Adsorption Tests

A triple contact sequential carbon loading test was conducted on each of the six composites to
determine the Fleming k and n values for the CIL system. These constants allow simulation of
the CIL circuit and calculation of the expected carbon and solution profiles. The results of the
Fleming constants arising from the triple contact sequential carbon loading kinetic tests are
summarised in Table 13-24.

Table 13-24: Summary of Fleming Constants

Composite Fleming Rate Constant, Fleming Equilibrium Cumulative Carbon
k (h-1) Constant, n Loading (gAu/tC)
(Au( (Ag) (Au) (Ag) (gAu/tC) (gAg/tC)
Composite #1 [Daapleu Oxide] 163 116 0.753 0.638 1,373 2,449
Composite #3 [Ity Flat] 114 74 0.807 0.632 3,386 2,238
Composite #4 [Mont Ity] 111 79 0.808 0.648 1,751 3,180
Composite #5 [Walter] 144 87 0.716 0.656 920 616
Composite #6 [Zia NE] 137 94 0.696 0.666 717 833
Composite #7 [Daapleu Primary] 205 135 0.650 0.576 1,265 3,185

The carbon loading kinetics are within the range observed in CIL operations. The modelling of
the adsorption circuit for the process plant has been based on k and n values for gold of 150
and 0.60, respectively, and for silver values of 100 and 0.50 have been used.

Equilibrium Carbon Loading Tests

A series of carbon equilibrium loading tests were performed on each of the six composites using
filtrate (pregnant solution) from the slurry derived from each of the optimised bulk cyanidation
tests. The tests involved contacting varying volumes of pregnant solution with a known mass
of fresh, pre-attritioned activated carbon (Haycarb YAO 6 x 12) to achieve a desired gold
loading range. A summary of the gold and silver equilibrium carbon loading for each composite
is provided in Table 13-25.

Table 13-25: Summary of Equilibrium Carbon Loading Tests

Composite Equilibrium Carbon Loading (g/t)
Equilibrium Solution Equilibrium Solution Equilibrium Solution
1.00 mg/L 0.50 mg/L 0.20 mg/L
Au Ag Au Ag Au Ag
Composite #1 [Daapleu Oxide] 3,444 3,001 2,672 2,213 1,910 1,480
Composite #3 [Ity Flat] 5,463 1,440 3,670 903 2,169 488
Composite #4 [Mont Ity] 5,143 2,602 3,700 1,680 2,394 942
Composite #5 [Walter] 2,618 2,548 2,053 1,568 1,488 826
Composite #6 [Zia NE] 2,123 2,632 1,763 1,835 1,378 1,138
Composite #7 [Daapleu Primary] 2,987 3,655 2,409 2,712 1,812 1,827

Loaded carbon values on operating Au plants range from 300g/t to 20,000g/t of carbon, but
typically have the range of 1,500g/t to 4,000g/t. It is evident from the equilibrium Au loading
tests that the results are within industry norms.

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13.5.9 Cyanide Detoxification Tests

A programme of cyanide detoxification testwork using the SO2/Air oxidation process has been
adopted to determine the reagents and conditions required to achieve the target effluent. In this
process a mixture of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and air is used to oxidise free cyanide and weakly
complexed cyanide to cyanate (OCN) at pH 8 to 10, using copper as a catalyst. Copper
sulphate is added if the tailings do not contain the required amount of copper. Sodium
metabisulphate (Na2S2O5 or SMBS) solution is added as the source of sulphur dioxide which is
liberated according to the following reactions: Na2S2O5 + H2O → Na2SO3 + H2SO3; Na2SO3 +
CN- + O2 → Na2SO4 + CNO-; H2SO3 + CN- + O2 → H2SO4 + CNO-.
Sulphuric acid is generated during the process and is neutralised with lime to control the pH
between 8.0 and 9.0. All cyano-complexes, except for iron, are destroyed and the metals
precipitate as hydroxides, while iron is precipitated as an insoluble ferrocyanide salt.
Compressed air or oxygen may be sparged into the tanks to provide the oxygen requirements
for the reaction.
A series of cyanide detoxification tests were performed on each of the six composites using
slurry from the carbon adsorption tests, previously obtained from the optimised bulk cyanidation
leaches. Each sample was analysed for Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, CNWAD, and CNFREE and the
remainder of the sample was used as feed to the cyanide detoxification mini plant. A schematic
of the cyanide detoxification mini plant is illustrated in Figure 13-17.

Figure 13-17: Schematic of Cyanide Detoxification Mini Plant (Source: Endeavour)

A residence time of nominally 60 minutes was selected. A summary of the cyanide

detoxification testwork is provided in Table 13-26.

Table 13-26: Summary of Cyanide Detoxification Testwork

Composite Test Conditions Solution Assays
Retention pH DO Reagents Detox Feed Treated
Time SO2 CuSO4. 5H2O Lime CNWAD (mg/L) Effluent
(minutes) (ppm) (g/g CNWAD) (mg/L) (g/g SO2) CNWAD (mg/L)
Composite #1 [Daapleu Oxide] 56 8.53 4.79 4.67 76 1.91 154 2.47
Composite #3 [Ity Flat] 57 8.51 3.52 6.20 0 0.57 282 1.55
Composite #4 [Mont Ity] 101 8.60 2.69 6.00 0 1.27 591 4.59
Composite #5 [Walter] 83 8.53 2.95 6.36 0 0.83 345 1.63
Composite #6 [Zia NE] 57 8.52 4.45 6.00 0 0.88 158 2.53
Composite #7 [Daapleu Primary] 57 8.72 5.29 4.92 61 0.97 120 0.55

The cyanide detoxification feed and discharge solution assays are summarised in Table 13-27.

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Table 13-27: Summary of Cyanide Detoxification Solution Assays

Composite Solution Assay
Cu Fe Ni Zn CNWAD CNTOT
(mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)
Feed 12.7 0.60 1.80 20.5 154 156
Composite #1 [Daapleu Oxide]
Discharge 0.20 1.35 0.70 0.02 2.47 6.19
Feed 266 0.13 0.43 0.05 423 282
Composite #3 [Ity Flat]
Discharge 3.92 <0.10 <0.05 0.04 1.55 1.83
Feed 538 0.20 0.65 1.90 591 592
Composite #4 [Mont Ity]
Discharge 17.6 <0.10 <0.05 0.02 4.59 4.62
Feed 204 0.30 1.25 3.50 345 346
Composite #5 [Walter]
Discharge TBA TBA TBA TBA 1.63 TBA
Feed 6.4 <0.10 0.30 17.1 158 158
Composite #6 [Zia NE]
Discharge 0.12 0.65 0.50 <0.02 2.53 4.32
Feed 6.7 1.60 0.80 1.18 120 124
Composite #7 [Daapleu Primary]
Discharge 0.13 1.00 0.15 <0.02 0.47 3.22

Although the optimised conditions for each composite have not yet been established, the
cyanide detoxification work performed to date indicates the following:
• CNWAD concentrations in the discharge liquor following cyanide detoxification for each of
the composites may be reduced to <3ppm CNWAD;
• The comparatively high CNWAD concentrations in the Mont Ity and Walter composites
(591mg/L and 345mg/L) require greater residence times than the nominal 60 minutes
required for all remaining composites;
• The target CNWAD value of <5ppm in the cyanide detoxification discharge liquor is able to
be achieved with the addition of 120% to 240% stoichiometric addition of SMBS; and
• Soluble copper is present in sufficient concentration to catalyse the cyanide detoxification
reactions for all composites except the Daapleu oxide and Daapleu primary composites.
Optimisation of conditions for the cyanide detoxification testwork is currently in progress.

13.5.10 Arsenic Precipitation Tests

Analysis of the discharge slurry from the cyanidation tests performed on the finely milled (10µm)
flotation concentrate for Composite #8 and Composite #9 revealed elevated arsenic
concentrations (~1,800ppm). Subsequent analyses of the cyanide detox discharge solutions
showed high (~2,500ppm) arsenic concentration – failure to remove soluble arsenic from slurry
post cyanide detoxification could lead to discharge of arsenic-bearing solution to the
environment in the unlikely event of a spill from the tailings storage facility.
The addition of ferric ions to a solution containing arsenic can potentially remove the arsenic
from solution in the so-called ferric arsenate or scodorite process. Typically, at least 3:1 Fe:As
ratio on a molar basis is required for effective precipitation and stabilisation of the ferric arsenate
formed. The pH and temperature at which the process is conducted are also factors in the
efficiency of arsenic removal and stability of the ferric arsenate. It is reported that the process
is most effective in the pH range 3 to 7.
Arsenic precipitation tests were subsequently performed on the cyanide detoxification
discharge slurries from Composites #8 and #9. The precipitation tests were performed under
a set of standard conditions (pH6.0 and 3:1 Fe:As molar ratio) in an agitated vessel using 400g
of slurry (40% w/w slurry pulp density) and for 60 minutes while sparging with air. The slurry
pH was first adjusted using 100g/L sulphuric acid and then a standard 100g/L ferrous sulphate
solution was added over an initial two-minute period to adjust the Fe:As ratio. Initial and final
pH, dissolved oxygen and redox potential values were recorded.
A summary of the arsenic removal testwork results is provided in Table 13-28.

Table 13-28: Summary of Arsenic Precipitation Results

Sample ID Time (mins) pH DO ORP (mV) As (mg/L) H2SO4 FeSO4.7H2O
(ppm) (kg/t) (kg/t)
0 6.01 5.71 151.4 2,857
Composite #8
60 4.47 5.23 176.4 7 12.5 48.1

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Sample ID Time (mins) pH DO ORP (mV) As (mg/L) H2SO4 FeSO4.7H2O

(ppm) (kg/t) (kg/t)
0 6 4.92 145.8 2,254
Composite #9
60 4.54 5.2 187.2 4 20.2 38.1

The results of the arsenic precipitation tests indicate that an arsenic concentration in the final
discharge solution of 7mg/L and 4mg/L can be achieved using ferrous sulphate addition to the
cyanide detoxification discharge slurry from Composite #8 and Composite #9 respectively.
Note that these tests were intended to demonstrate the ability to achieve a low arsenic
concentration in the final effluent following dedicated cyanide leaching and detoxification of a
finely milled flotation concentrate and have not been optimised.

13.5.11 Preg-Robbing Test

Results of the preg-robbing tests performed on each of the six composites are summarised in
Table 13-29

Table 13-29: Preg-Robbing Test Summary

Composite Au Concentration (mg/L)
Au Spike AuCN AuPR PRI
Composite #1 [Daapleu] 3.44 0.55 3.93 0.06
Composite #3 [Ity Flat] 3.44 1.47 4.90 0.01
Composite #4 [Mont Ity 3.44 1.23 4.89 -0.22
Composite #5 [Walter] 3.44 0.37 3.88 -0.08
Composite #6 [Zia NE] 3.44 0.50 4.13 -0.20
Composite #7 [Daapleu Primary] 3.44 0.45 4.03 -0.15

A preg-robbing index (“PRI”) between zero and 1.0 indicates minimal preg-robbing activity,
between 1.0 and 2.5 moderate activity, and a PRI greater than 2.5 indicates the ore is highly
preg-robbing. The results of the preg-robbing tests performed on each of the composites
indicate that preg-robbing is unlikely to be a factor.

Bakatouo
Moderate preg robbing was indicated for a few of the selected variability samples. There is little
evidence of organic carbon in the ore so the preg robbing effects observed are likely to result
from clays and the impact is expected to be minor in a CIL environment.

Le Plaque
The level of organic carbon in the Oxide (0.09%) Composite indicates the possibility of preg-
robbing behaviour during cyanidation. This result is likely to come from the clays and the impact
to the CIL environment is expected to be minor. To date no significant preg-robbing material
has presented to the process plant.

13.6 Daapleu Refractory Optimisation Testwork

Key Results identified to date include:
• Whole ore leaching of the composites gave gold extractions ranging from 41.5% to 85.2%;
• Optimised flotation conditions were based on 35% solids slurry density and a reagent regime
comprising 50g/t PAX and 10g/t MX900 with MIBC as a frother and a laboratory float time
of 14 minutes;
• Bulk flotation tests on master composites gave gold recovery of 88% to 91.4%. Flotation of
variability composites gave gold recovery of 83% to 95%;
• Leaching of flotation tails on master composites gave gold recovery of 77% to 83%.
Leaching of flotation tails on variability composites gave gold recovery of 57% to 89%;
• Regrind/leach testwork on master composites showed gold recovery improved from 56% at
75 microns to 66% at 10 microns for Composite #8. Gold recovery improved from 66% at
75 microns to 74% at 10 microns for Composite #9. Based on indicative pricing for the
regrind mill the finer 10 micron size was selected for regrind testwork on the variability

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composites;
• A direct leach of concentrate at standard (0.1% NaCN) conditions gave significantly lower
(5% to 10%) extraction than an intense leach. This indicates simply treating the concentrate
and tails through the main CIL circuit will result in significantly lower extraction. Intensive
leach conditions were therefore applied;
• Leaching of flotation concentrates from the variability samples gave gold extraction of
between 61% and 97%;
• Combining concentrate leach at 10 microns with float tails leach at 75 microns gave gold
extraction of between 51% and 96% across all composites. The improvement in gold
extraction over whole ore leaching ranged from 5% to 15%; and
• Regrind specific energy testwork at Outotec indicated a specific energy requirement of
90kWh/t to achieve a P80 size of 10 microns.

Ancillary testing showed

• Fleming k and n values were within normal range for float tails and lower than expected for
float concentrate;
• Oxygen demand for concentrate leaching was high as expected for finely milled sulphides;
• Rheology testing on concentrates showed high viscosity requiring a lower (30% solids) leach
density;
• Cyanide detoxification on concentrates showed CNWAD can be reduced to below 20ppm
using 240% stoichiometric addition of SMBS in the SO2/air system. However, two hours’
residence time is required due to the high concentration of CNWAD in feed; and
• Arsenic precipitation testwork showed the high arsenic level (1,800ppm to 2,500ppm) in the
feed slurry could be reduced to 4ppm to 7ppm with the addition of ferrous sulphate in an
acid environment.

Conclusions
The results of the flotation tails leach tests, combined with the concentrate leach results at the
optimised regrind particle size, enabled a direct comparison of gold (and silver) extraction
between each of the variability composites as well as with that obtained from the whole-of-ore
leach tests for each composite. A summary of the overall gold, silver, arsenic, and copper
recoveries is presented in Table 13-30.

Table 13-30: Whole-of Ore Leaching vs. Flotation / Regrind Leaching

Variability Sample Circuit Configuration Overall Recovery (%) Consumption (g/t)
Au Ag As Cu NaCN Lime
Composite #10 Whole-of-Ore Leach (75µm) 57.6 85.4 3.4 20.7 0.25 0.40
Flotation (75 µm) / Regrind (10µm) Leach 64.2 92.3 0.6 47.2 1.64 0.36
Composite #11 Whole-of-Ore Leach (75µm) 75.4 72.9 0.8 17.6 0.22 0.30
Flotation (75 µm) / Regrind (10µm) Leach 83.7 91.2 2.1 74.5 1.27 0.29
Composite #12 Whole-of-Ore Leach (75µm) 77.2 83.9 1.5 15.3 0.14 0.30
Flotation (75 µm) / Regrind (10µm) Leach 86.5 88.0 1.5 44.1 1.99 0.28
Composite #13 Whole-of-Ore Leach (75µm) 45.3 52.0 1.8 22.0 0.17 0.30
Flotation (75 µm) / Regrind (10µm) Leach 61.2 94.1 1.3 65.0 1.27 0.31
Composite #14 Whole-of-Ore Leach (75µm) 81.8 82.2 3.2 28.3 0.25 0.40
Flotation (75 µm) / Regrind (10µm) Leach 96.0 95.5 0.5 72.4 1.26 0.34
Composite #15 Whole-of-Ore Leach (75µm) 79.6 61.7 0.2 17.7 0.46 0.70
Flotation (75 µm) / Regrind (10µm) Leach 92.2 26.3 0.0 28.1 3.51 0.49
Composite #16 Whole-of-Ore Leach (75µm) 85.2 75.7 1.2 23.3 0.18 0.35
Flotation (75 µm) / Regrind (10µm) Leach 93.9 82.7 2.0 50.4 1.14 0.31
Composite #17 Whole-of-Ore Leach (75µm) 41.5 59.1 0.4 35.8 0.50 0.40
Flotation (75 µm) / Regrind (10µm) Leach 51.2 96.3 0.3 89.9 5.85 0.93

The results indicate a consistently higher overall gold and silver recovery for the flotation /
concentrate regrind circuit configuration compared to the whole-of-ore leach – average gold
and silver recoveries increased by 10.7% and 11.7%, respectively. Cyanide consumption,
however, is consistently higher for the flotation / regrind circuit (average ~700% increase in

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cyanide consumption) while there is little discernible difference in the overall lime consumption
between the two circuit configurations. However, it was decided not to progress with the
inclusion of this additional processing pathway and additional testwork is ongoing.

13.7 Design Criteria Development

The programme of comminution and metallurgical testwork on each of the different pits within
the Ity prospect has highlighted a large variation in ore physical characteristics and metallurgical
response. In developing a robust set of plant design criteria, therefore, it was necessary to
consider the relative contributions of each material type and proposed sequence of exploitation
throughout the life of mine. The preliminary mine schedule indicates that ore will be mined from
several pits simultaneously and thus the process plant will typically receive a blended feed and
no one single ore or facies type.

13.7.1 Selected Treatment Route

The metallurgical treatment route selected has been based on the results of the current testwork
programme with consideration of results from previous testwork programmes and may be
summarised as follows:
• Single stage primary crushing;
• SAG and ball mill milling with a recycle pebble crushing facility (SABC circuit);
• Gravity concentration;
• CIL feed thickening;
• Carbon-in-leach (“CIL”);
• AARL stripping circuit (including Cu removal); and
• Air / SO2 cyanide detoxification circuit (including As precipitation).

13.7.2 Key Process Design Parameters

The key process design parameters derived from testwork are as follows:
• Milling Circuit Design:
− SMC A x b 40.0,
− Bond Ball Mill Work Index (“BWi”) 18.7kWh/t,
− Levin Test 10.0kWh/t,
− Drop Weight Index (“DWi”) 8.64 kWh/m3,
− Abrasion Index (“Ai”) 0.30,
− Crushing Circuit Product Size, P80 160mm,
− Milling Circuit Product Size, P80 75µm,
− Gravity Gold Recovery 31%,
− Gravity Silver Recovery 20%; and
• CIL Design:
− Residence Time 34 hours,
− Pulp Density 50% w/w solids,
− Cyanide Addition 0.52kg/t of ore,
− Lime Addition 0.88kg/t of ore,
− pH 10.5,
− Carbon loading kinetic parameters, k and n values 150, 0.60 (gold) and 100, 0.50 (silver).
The plant throughput rate has been increased to 5.0Mtpa, reducing the CIL residence time to
27.4h at 50% w/w solids. If more viscous ore types are encountered, the CIL circuit will have a

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residence time of 20 hours at 40% w/w density. This assumes the cyclone overflow density will
be adjusted from 35 to 40% w/w solids if the need to bypass the thickener is encountered. No
significant impact to gold extraction has been observed at this increased throughput rate.

13.7.3 Metallurgical Recoveries

The range of metallurgical results for the leach tests conducted on each of the 40 variability
samples for the six different deposits using a common set of cyanide leach criteria (P80 75µm,
40%w/w solids pulp density, 500ppm NaCN) are summarised in Table 13-31. Note that the
Daapleu variability samples have been divided into 'oxide' and 'primary' based on the nominal
arsenic head assay – all samples which assayed less than 1,000ppm arsenic are classified as
'oxide' and all those assaying current greater than 1,000ppm arsenic as 'primary'. Development
of the preliminary mine schedule has differentiated between ‘oxide’ and ‘primary’ Daapleu ore
on this basis.

Table 13-31: Variability Tests – Gold and Silver Extractions

Pit No. of Tests Au Extraction, % Ag Extraction, %
Minimum Maximum Average Minimum Maximum Average
Daapleu Oxide 11 56.0 96.6 85.2 30.0 86.5 58.4
Daapleu Primary 7 44.4 91.3 60.1 30.9 87.1 65.6
Gbéitouo 4 82.6 93.4 87.7 10.6 96.2 65.5
Ity Flat 6 84.7 97.3 90.0 37.5 96.6 76.4
Mont Ity 4 77.1 98.4 88.8 67.6 93.9 81.9
Walter 3 92.3 97.3 95.6 37.0 69.0 56.2
Zia NE 5 95.6 98.0 96.7 5.1 60.7 42.2

Testwork Results Applied to the Mine Schedule

The approach taken to predict the metallurgical recoveries for gold and silver is to take the
average extractions obtained from the leach variability tests and then apply these to the mine
schedule for the appropriate ore type to yield a weighted recovery value for each year. As silver
values have not been modelled in the mine schedule, for the purposes of obtaining a predicted
silver recovery it has been assumed that the silver grade will typically be three times that of the
corresponding gold value (silver : gold ratios of between 2 and 4 were recorded from the
variability head assays).
Table 13-32 presents a summary of the 3.0Mtpa mine schedule, tonnage contribution from each
pit, and gold and silver extractions obtained from the variability testwork for each ore source.

Table 13-32: Mine Schedule and Gold and Silver Extractions

Pit LoM LoM LoM Tonnage LoM Tonnes Overall Au Ag
Au(g/t) Ag(g/t) (%) (Mt) Extraction (%) Extraction (%)
Daapleu Oxide 1.05 3.14 31.5 12.93 85.2 58.4
Daapleu Primary 2.43 7.29 15.5 6.42 60.1 65.6
Gbéitouo 1.35 4.05 6.3 2.58 87.7 65.5
Ity Flat 2.09 6.27 3.9 1.60 90.0 76.4
Mont Ity 2.23 6.68 5.4 2.23 88.8 81.9
Walter 1.22 3.66 4.5 1.86 95.6 56.2
Zia NE 1.24 3.71 11.8 4.84 96.7 42.2
Stockpiles 1.08 3.25 21.0 8.60 86.3 63.7

Gold and silver extraction values from the stockpile reserves have been assumed to be the
average of the extractions across all pits. These extraction values may be a slightly understated
as the stockpile reserves will be predominantly oxide material.
Using this information, and assuming soluble gold and silver losses of 0.01mg/L and 0.03mg/L
respectively and a CIL pulp density of 50% w/w solids, it was possible to predict the gold and
silver recoveries for each year of the life-of-mine. These recoveries are summarised in Table
13-33.

Table 13-33: Predicted Life of Mine Metallurgical Recoveries

Mine Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Au Extraction, % 78.4 76.8 80.1 81.2 79.4 85.0 86.7 88.9 87.6 83.7 83.7 83.7 83.7 84.6
Ag Extraction, % 62.6 64.1 64.3 69.1 61.8 61.8 60.3 55.7 54.8 57.9 57.9 57.9 57.9 57.6

This yields life-of-mine average gold and silver recoveries of 83.1% and 60.2%, respectively.

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13.7.4 Overall Metallurgical Recovery

The gold and silver recovery is a statement of the anticipated metallurgical extraction for the Ity
CIL circuit and does not include the additional benefit that a gravity circuit may offer prior to CIL
(i.e. the gold and silver recovery data used for this prediction were taken from the variability test
work programme and did not include a gravity circuit prior to cyanidation). Consequently, it is
not a statement of the anticipated plant performance. Consideration must be given to soluble
losses, potential for short circuiting in the leach circuit and other associated plant problems that
may impact the overall plant gold and silver recovery.
Based on the gold and silver metallurgical recovery values obtained from the mine schedule
recoveries (83.1% and 60.2%), it is reasonable to predict that the overall gold and silver
extractions for the life-of-mine will be between 78% and 89% for gold and between 55% and
69% for silver.

13.7.5 Reagent Consumption

CIL Circuit
A summary of the average lime and cyanide consumption data for the 40 variability leach tests
conducted for each of the six different Ity pits is provided in Table 13-34. All variability leach
tests were performed using Perth tap water.

Table 13-34: Variability Leach Tests – Average Lime and Cyanide Consumption
Pit NaCN Consumption Lime(1) Consumption
kg/t kg/t
Daapleu 0.36 0.39
Gbéitouo 0.75 1.92
Ity Flat 1.82 1.56
Mont Ity 2.10 1.73
Walter 1.13 4.58
Zia NE 0.56 4.21
(1)
Testwork conducted using commercial lime with 60% available CaO.

Having performed a series of cyanide leach tests at optimum leach conditions as part of the
optimisation testwork programme, a revised set of lime and cyanide consumption data has been
generated, as summarised in Table 13-35. All leach tests performed under optimised leach
conditions for each composite used Perth tap water.

Table 13-35: CIL Lime and Cyanide Consumption

Composite NaCN Consumption Lime(1) Consumption
kg/t kg/t
Composite #1 (Daapleu Oxide) 0.17 0.71
Composite #2 (Gbéitouo)(2) 0.75 1.92
Composite #3 (Ity Flat) 1.26 2.27
Composite #4 (Mont Ity) 1.93 1.27
Composite #5 (Walter) 1.66 2.53
Composite #6 (Zia NE) 0.15 3.93
Composite #7 (Daapleu Primary) 0.10 0.33
(1)
Testwork conducted using commercial lime with 60% available CaO.
(2)
Values for Gbéitouo are based on the Variability leach results (due to lack of sample to form Composite #2).

Anticipated Plant Reagent Requirements

The anticipated plant lime addition rate to the CIL circuit differs from the testwork results as the
testwork was conducted with commercial lime having a CaO availability of approximately 60%.
The lime supplied is likely to have an available CaO content in excess of 90% and the required
plant lime addition has been re- calculated accordingly. Based on this re-calculated value and
the relative ore contribution from each pit to the overall Ity reserve, the expected life-of-mine
sodium cyanide and lime consumptions for the selected treatment route may be calculated.
A summary of the life-of-mine sodium cyanide and lime consumptions is provided in Table
13-36.

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Table 13-36: CIL Lime and Cyanide Consumption

Composite Tonnage % NaCN Lime(1) Consumption
of Ity Reserve Consumption kg/t (kg/t)
Composite #1 (Daapleu Oxide) 5.1 0.17 0.48
Composite #2 (Gbéitouo)(2) 9.5 0.75 1.28
Composite #3 (Ity Flat) 6.6 1.26 1.51
Composite #4 (Mont Ity) 9.8 1.93 0.84
Composite #5 (Walter) 5.8 1.66 1.69
Composite #6 (Zia NE) 13.2 0.15 2.62
Composite #7 (Daapleu Primary) 50.0 0.10 0.22
Life-of-Mine 100 0.52 0.88
(1)
Lime consumption based on 90% available CaO.
(2)
Values for Gbéitouo are based on the Variability leach results (due to lack of sample to form Composite #2.

13.8 Tailings Sample Preparation

Cyanidation tailings consultant testwork was performed on a 'Master Composite' prepared at
ALS. A 20kg sub-sample of master composite was prepared according to the following recipe:
• Composite #1 (Daapleu Oxide): 5.1kg;
• Composite #3 (Ity Flat): 1.8kg;
• Composite #4 (Mont Ity): 1.0kg;
• Composite #5 (Walter): 1.2kg;
• Composite #6 (Zia NE): 3.3 kg; and
• Composite #7 (Daapleu Primary):7.6kg.
One-kilogram sub-samples of each selected composite were ground to the target grind size
P80 of 75μm using a laboratory rod mill at 50% w/w solids, and then filtered in a laboratory
pressure filter. The solids filter cakes were then combined according to the master composite
recipe and subjected to a bulk cyanidation leach under the same conditions used for the
variability leach tests.
Sub-samples of the cyanidation tailings slurries were then dispatched to the Knight Piésold
laboratory in East Perth, for geochemical testwork (30 litres), and the Outotec Laboratory in
West Perth, for thickening and filtration testwork (15 litres).
The testwork results from Knight Piésold are reported in 17. The Outotec thickening and
filtration test report is still outstanding and will be provided in an addendum to the metallurgical
testwork report.

13.9 Refractory Testwork Programme

A separate Refractory testwork programme was initiated on the Daapleu primary ore composite
(Composite #7) only to establish any specific processing requirements for this refractory
material. Specifically, the programme involved performing the following:
• Whole-of-ore cyanidation leach tests at P80 grind sizes of 75µm, 45µm, 25µm, and 15µm
to establish the effect of grind size on gold and silver recovery;
• Batch flotation tests at P80 grind sizes of 125µm, 106µm, and 75µm to establish optimum
grind size for maximum sulphur recovery;
• Bulk flotation at the optimum grind size to generate a flotation concentrate for subsequent
testing;
• Bulk flotation concentrate cyanidation leach tests (4 off) at four different concentrate regrind
P80 values of 75µm (as received), 45µm, 25µm, and 15µm;
• Bulk flotation concentrate roast followed by a cyanidation leach test (1 off) on the roast
product;
• Bulk flotation concentrate pressure oxidation (“POX”) leach test at P80 values of 45µm,
25µm, and 15µm, followed by cyanidation leaching of the residue from each POX leach test;

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• Bulk flotation concentrate bacterial oxidation (“BIOX”) amenability test followed by

cyanidation of the BIOX product; and
• Cyanidation leach of the bulk flotation tails.

Whole-of-Ore Leaching at Different Grind Sizes

Separate samples of the Daapleu primary ore composite (Composite #7) were subjected to
ultra-fine grinding in a vertically stirred bead mill to achieve target particle size P80 values of
75µm, 45µm, 25µm, and 15µm. The sizing was confirmed using a Malvern laser sizer. Overall
gold and silver extraction results, together with reagent consumptions, for each of the whole-
of-ore leach tests performed at the four different grind sizes are shown in Table 13-37.

Table 13-37: Effect of Grind Size on Whole-of-Ore Cyanidation Leach Extraction

Grind Au Extraction Ag Extraction Reagent Consumption
Size P80 Calculated Leach Overall Calculated Leach Overall NaCN Lime
Head Residue Extraction Head Residue Extraction
(µm) (g/t) (g/t) (%) (g/t) (g/t) (%) (kg/t) (kg/t)
75 1.61 0.59 63.3 4.64 0.90 80.6 1.13 0.20
45 1.64 0.49 70.1 5.43 0.90 83.4 1.58 0.55
25 1.60 0.48 69.9 5.34 0.60 88.8 1.60 0.65
15 1.76 0.44 75.0 5.04 0.30 94.1 2.76 0.85

Graphical presentations of the whole-of-ore cyanidation leach gold and silver extractions at the
four different grind sizes are presented in Figure 13-18 and Figure 13-19, respectively.

Figure 13-18: Whole-of-Ore Cyanidation Leach – Grind Size vs. Au Extraction (Source:
Endeavour)

100.0

90.0

80.0

70.0
Au Recovery, %

60.0

50.0
75 µm
40.0 45 µm
30.0 25 µm
20.0 15 µm

10.0

0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Residence Time, hours

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Figure 13-19: Whole-of-Ore Cyanidation Leach – Grind Size vs. Ag Extraction (Source:
Endeavour)

The testwork results indicate that the gold and silver extractions increase with increasing
fineness of grind – gold extraction increases from 63.3% at a P80 of 75µm to 75.0% at a P80
of 15µm, while silver shows a similar trend, increasing from 80.6% to 94.1% overall extraction.
It may be concluded that there is benefit in grinding to a P80 of 45µm but there is little
improvement in gold extraction unless much finer grinding is performed (to a P80 of 15µm).

Whole-of-Ore and Flotation Concentrate UFG Comparison

Following the improvement in gold and silver recovery with decreasing particle size, four
additional tests were performed on the refractory Composite #7 as follows:
• Whole-of-ore direct cyanidation at a grind P80 of 10µm;
• Cyanidation of a bulk flotation tails, at a nominal P80 of 75µm;
• Cyanidation of the equivalent bulk flotation concentrate, ground to a P80 of 10µm; and
• Cyanidation of the equivalent bulk flotation concentrate, ground to a P80 of 25µm.
This enabled a direct comparison to be made of the potential benefit of installing a flotation
circuit and concentrate fine grinding prior to cyanidation. The results of the 10µm whole-of-ore
leach, 10µm flotation concentrate leach, 25µm flotation concentrate leach, and 75µm flotation
tails leach are summarised in Table 13-38.

Table 13-38: Effect of Grind Size on Whole-of-Ore Cyanidation Leach Extraction

Test Grind Size Gold Silver Reagent Consumption
P80 Calc’d Head Leach Residue Overall Calc’d Head Leach Residue Overall NaCN Lime
(µm) (g/t) (g/t) Extr’n (%) (g/t) (g/t) Extr’n (%) (kg/t) (kg/t)
Whole-of-Ore 10 1.73 0.35 79.8 6.23 0.60 90.4 4.20 1.85
Flotation Con 10 25.0 5.23 79.1 84.0 12.0 85.7 36.8 2.50
Flotation Con 25 25.2 7.70 69.5 59.2 4.80 91.9 28.6 1.80
Flotation Tails 75 0.26 0.05 80.8 2.56 0.60 76.6 3.48 0.75

From these tests the following may be concluded:

• The whole-of-ore leach test conducted at a P80 of 10µm yields gold and silver recoveries of
79.8% and 90.4%, respectively.
• Cyanidation of a re-ground (10µm) bulk flotation concentrate sample achieved gold and
silver extractions of 79.1% and 85.7%, respectively. Cyanidation of a re-ground (25 µm)
bulk flotation concentrate sample achieved gold and silver extractions of 69.5% and 91.9%,

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respectively;
• Cyanidation of a sample of bulk flotation tailings achieved gold and silver extractions of
80.8% and 76.6%, respectively; and
• Based on the mass pull to flotation concentrate and on the relative metal extractions for both
the flotation 10µm re-ground concentrate and flotation tailings cyanidation tests, an overall
gold extraction of 79.3% may be calculated, with 85.3% overall silver extraction. By
comparison, overall gold and silver extractions for the 25µm re-ground concentrate and
flotation tailings cyanidation tests of 70.5% and 90.5%, respectively, were achieved.

Flotation Grind Optimisation

A series of flotation tests were performed on Composite #7 to establish the effect of grind size
on flotation recovery of gold and sulphur. The tests were performed at three different grind
sizes (P80 of 125µm, 106µm, and 75µm) aimed at maximising the recovery of gold-bearing
sulphides. A summary of the various flotation recoveries and mass pulls to concentrate at the
three grind sizes is presented in Table 13-39

Table 13-39: Effect of Grind Size on Flotation Recovery

Grind Size Mass Gold Sulphur
Size P80 Pull Head Assay Calc. Head Flotation Con Flot Con Head Assay Calc. Head Flotation Con Flot Con
(µm) (%) (ppm) (ppm) (% dist) Assay (g/t) (ppm) (ppm) (% dist) Assay (%)
125 8.39 1.69 1.67 84.1 16.8 1.84 1.79 96.9 20.6
106 6.63 1.69 1.77 86.8 23.1 1.84 1.79 97.9 26.5
75 6.51 1.69 1.87 88.5 25.4 1.84 1.74 99.5 26.6

The results indicate the following:

• Sulphur recovery to the flotation concentrate for each test was consistently high and
increased with increasing fineness of grind;
• Gold recovery followed a similar trend – a final gold recovery to flotation concentrate of
88.5% was achieved at a P80 of 75µm compared to 84.1% at 125µm; and
• The mass pull to flotation concentrate decreased with increasing fineness of grind.
Based on this information, flotation at a P80 of 75µm achieved the lowest mass pull (only 6.5%
of the total feed reported to the flotation concentrate) and the highest gold recovery (88.5%).
Consequently, a P80 of 75µm was selected as the grind size for the bulk flotation testwork to
generate a concentrate for subsequent UFG, roast, POX, and BIOX amenability testing.

Bulk Flotation
Bulk rougher flotation tests were performed on a single 51kg sample of Composite #7 to provide
flotation concentrate upon which to conduct amenability testwork. The bulk flotation test was
performed at a P80 of 75µm at a 35% w/w solids pulp density in a 120 litre Agitair laboratory
flotation cell for 32 minutes. Collector (PAX) and frother (MIBC) additions were 80g/t and 5g/t,
respectively. No copper sulphate activator was used. A summary of the results is provided in
Table 13-40.

Table 13-40: Bulk Flotation Results Summary

Grind Size Mass Gold Silver Arsenic Sulphur Copper
P80 Pull (%) Head Dist’n. Head Assay Dist’n. Head Dist’n. Head Dist’n. Head Dist’n.
(µm) Assay (g/t) (%) (g/t) (%) Assay (%) (%) Assay (%) (%) Assay (g/t) (%)
Ro Con 1 2.83 38.4 61.7 98 56.6 5.20 72.1 47.2 74.7 680 37.3
Ro Con 2 1.31 32.6 24.4 72 19.3 3.08 19.9 26.8 19.7 640 16.3
Ro Con 3 0.54 10.3 3.18 36 3.99 1.04 2.77 5.44 1.66 360 3.79
Ro Con 4 0.47 5.87 1.58 28 2.71 0.48 1.12 2.62 0.70 240 2.20
Tail 94.8 0.17 9.16 0.9 17.4 0.01 4.18 0.06 3.19 22 40.4

The low mass pull to concentrate (5.16% w/w) yielded approximately 2.6kg of concentrate with
which to perform subsequent pressure oxidation (“POX”) leaching tests and a roast amenability
test. Insufficient concentrate sample was generated to perform BIOX amenability testwork for
this current refractory testwork programme.

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Flotation Concentrate Pressure Oxidation Leaching

A pressure oxidation (“POX”) leach test was performed on a sample of flotation concentrate in
a Parr laboratory autoclave at 220°C for 60 minutes, and with an oxygen overpressure of
800kPa. The POX leach test was preceded by pre-acidulation. Preliminary results of the gold
extractions from the subsequent cyanidation of the POX leach product indicate a stage
extraction of 93%. The POX amenability testwork results will be reported in an addendum to
this report.

Flotation Concentrate Roasting

A sample of flotation concentrate was subjected to a 2-stage roast amenability test followed by
cyanidation of the calcine product. The first stage roast was performed at 500°C for two hours
followed by the second stage conducted at 650°C for a further two hours. Preliminary results
of the gold extractions from the subsequent cyanidation of the calcine product indicate a stage
extraction of 90%. The calcine amenability testwork results will be reported in an addendum to
this report.

Refractory Programme – Interim Conclusions

At the time of writing the results of the refractory programme have not been completed.
However, the following interim conclusions can be drawn:
• Whole of ore grinding to finer sizes and subsequent leaching improves gold and silver
extraction with gold extraction improving from 63% to 75 % and silver improving from 80%
to 94% by grinding to 15 microns;
• Flotation of the whole ore composite at three different grind sizes indicated grinding to finer
sizes improves gold recovery to concentrate from 84% to 88.5 % by grinding to 75 microns.
There was no consistent change in silver recovery;
• Bulk Flotation of the whole ore composite at a grind of 75 microns recovered 90.8% of the
gold and 82.6% of the silver to 5.2% of the mass;
• Regrinding of the flotation concentrate followed by separate leaching of the flotation
concentrate and tail showed that overall gold and silver extraction could be improved.
Combined gold extraction improved from 63% to 79.3% by regrinding the concentrate to 10
microns. Similarly, silver extraction improved from 80.6% to 85.3%.
• Pressure oxidation of the flotation concentrate indicated a gold extraction of 94% giving a
combined concentrate/tail extraction of 91.8%;
• Roasting of the flotation concentrate indicated a gold extraction of 90% giving a combined
concentrate / tail extraction of 88.6%; and
• At this point the flotation / regrind / leach option offers an opportunity for improved extraction
at modest cost and will be pursued further in the next stage of development.

13.10 Risks and Opportunities

A number of technical risk and opportunity areas have been identified during the testwork
programme and subsequent process design.
• Gravity Concentration: Two continuous centrifugal gravity concentrators have been
selected in the plant design to recover a 2% to 3% mass gravity concentrate from the cyclone
overflow stream. A grade recovery relationship was established in the current test
programme using a multiple pass approach on a batch basis. The relationship was very
clear and indicates a mass pull of 2.5% would result in a gold recovery of approximately
75%. A conservative approach has been taken in sizing the gravity concentrators and

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subsequent fine grinding equipment. Additional testwork will provide an opportunity to

further optimise these selections. In particular this may result in the inclusion of a small
secondary concentrator operating in a cleaner mode, while reducing the fine grinding
requirements with a smaller, higher grade concentrate;
• Gravity Concentrate Comminution: Testwork to determine the gravity concentrate milling
specific energy has not been completed due to time and sample limitations. A conservative
milling specific energy has been assumed for the purposes of the design. If the specific
energy requirement is less than the conservative estimate, there is opportunity to reduce the
project capital and operating cost. Alternatively, a larger gravity concentrate mass could be
collected with an opportunity for increased plant gold recoveries for some ores. Fine
grinding mill vendor testwork on a gravity concentrate sample to provide this data is likely to
improve project economics;
• Plant Recoveries: Plant recoveries for the Daapleu Fresh ores are not fully understood as
are the volumes or locations of the highly refractory material within the Daapleu pit. A
testwork programme to recover produce a refractory concentrate is currently underway. The
higher than expected cyanide soluble copper can further impact the refractory material is
treated simultaneously and control of blending is important to mitigate this. A PAL1000
sample preparation and leach equipment has been included in the capital budget for 2020,
which will significantly reduce the turnaround time to determine the presence of cyanide
soluble copper in the various pits.
The plant recoveries have been estimated based on the leaching testwork 24-hour
extractions. The increase from 4Mtpa to 5Mtpa has reduced this and there is a study
underway to determine the merits of installing an additional 2 CIL leach tanks to increase
CIL residence time. To date residence time has not impeded gold extraction; and
• Reagent Optimisation: The cyanide consumption has increased due to higher cyanide
soluble copper in feed. A project is currently in detailed engineering phase to recover both
cyanide and copper from the tailing slurry, reducing costs and presenting an additional
revenue stream.

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14 MINERAL RESOURCES
14.1 Introduction
The following sections summarise the estimation of Mineral Resources at nine sub-deposits
within the broader Ity Mine Complex. In terms of the Mineral Resource estimation process,
Mont Ity, Ity Flat, Tontouo and Walter are here treated as a single, continuous deposit (“Mont
Ity to Walter”) and were estimated by Cube Consulting in 2019. The Verse Ouest and Teckraie
dumps were also modelled and estimated as a single deposit by Cube Consulting in 2019.
The methodologies used for the estimation of Mineral Resources at the other Ity deposits are
here summarised from a combination of internal Mineral Resource Estimation reports, internal
memos and those compiled by the third party consultants on behalf of Endeavour. The most
current MRE for each of the deposits is listed in Table 14-1.

Table 14-1: Summary of the most current MREs and accompanying reports used for
this study
Deposit MRE Date Author
Mont Ity to Walter 2019 Cube Consulting
Zia NE 2017 Cube Consulting
Bakatouo 2017 Cube Consulting
Daapleu 2017 Cube Consulting
Gbéitouo 2017 Cube Consulting
Le Plaque 2019 Endeavour Mining
Collie Sud 2017 Endeavour Mining
Aires 2019 Cube Consulting
Verse Ouest & Teckraie 2019 Cube Consulting

14.2 Available Data and Database Integrity

Each of the Ity MREs is based on a drill hole database in the form of Microsoft Access Database
files, including collar, survey and assay files, as well as lithology, structure, weathering,
oxidation state and density files where applicable. Each of the separate drill hole databases is
current, as of 31 December 2019.
The drill hole database for all the resource areas was validated to ensure there were no
unexplained gaps in the data, no overlapping intervals, unusual collar survey data, or downhole
survey irregularities. Any drill holes not able to be validated were excluded from the Resource
Estimation. Where grade control drill holes were used for Mineral Resource estimation
purposes (Mont Ity to Walter, Aires and Verse Ouest and Teckraie), the extent to which these
holes contributed to each of the resource databases is summarised in Table 14-2.

Table 14-2: Summary of the grade control and resource development drilling
contributions to the Mineral Resource databases
Number of Drill holes Contributing to the Resource Database
Deposit
Grade Control Drilling Resource Development Drilling
Mont Ity to Walter 2,928 1,115
Aires 1,212 169
Verse Ouest & Teckraie 1,150 204

Multi-element ICP analyses has been carried out on those samples of greater 0.5g/tAu where
this has evolved over time. Consequently, the resource database for each deposit comprises
a partial (incomplete) dataset for the deleterious element Cu, CuCN, Ag, As, S. Table 14-3
summarises the number of assays completed for each of these elements, and this number as
a proportion of the total Au assays for each deposit. Table 14-3 highlights the relatively small
number of assays available to inform grade estimates for deleterious elements at some deposits
(e.g. Mont Ity to Walter).

Table 14-3: Summary of the number of Ag, Cu, CuCN, As and S assays and as a
proportion of the gold assay database, split by deposit at Ity
Number of Assays As a % of Total Au Assays >0.1 g/tAu
Deposit
Au (>0.1 g/t) Ag Cu CuCN As S Ag Cu CuCN As S
Mont Ity to Walter 113,368 829 10,446 188 6,044 6,605 1% 9% 0% 5% 6%
Zia NE 116,637 28,973 33,922 0 27,331 17,029 25% 29% 0% 23% 15%
Bakatouo 11,361 2,097 2,522 0 1,121 1,650 18% 22% 0% 10% 15%

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Number of Assays As a % of Total Au Assays >0.1 g/tAu

Deposit
Au (>0.1 g/t) Ag Cu CuCN As S Ag Cu CuCN As S
Daapleu 32,380 7,462 8,122 0 8,119 7,240 23% 25% 0% 25% 22%
Gbéitouo 116,637 28,973 33,922 0 27,331 17,029 25% 29% 0% 23% 15%
Colline Sud 6,565 1,525 2,270 0 1,430 612 23% 35% 0% 22% 9%
Le Plaque 26,236 1,308 1,308 0 1,308 1,308 5% 5% 0% 5% 5%
Verse Ouest &
27,716 3,109 14,036 0 0 3,109 11% 51% 0% 0% 11%
Teckraie
Aires 23,286 2,939 6,719 1,654 0 2,939 13% 29% 7% 0% 13%

In addition to the database files detailed above, an up-to-date topographic survey for each
deposit was also used in order to constrain Resources at ongoing mining operations. Unless
otherwise stated, all input data were logged in the UTM-WGS84 coordinate system, as were
the output block models for each deposit.

14.3 Geology and Mineralisation Models

14.3.1 Lithological Domains
Mont Ity to Walter
Geological wireframes were produced by Cube Consulting as part of the 2019 MRE. Simple
volumes were generated on a sectional basis using Surpac, with more complex geometries
modelled using Leapfrog Geo. Each of the geological wireframes was assigned a code in the
block model, with the oxidised clay (saprolite) unit set as the ‘background’ lithology and all other
lithological domains assigned an interpreted chronology. The lithologies/facies modelled, their
block model assignment codes and names of each 3D volume produced are listed in Table
14-3. Cross sections through the lithological wireframes are shown in Figure 14-1to Figure
14-3.

Table 14-4: Lithology models and block model assignment

Block Model Assignment
Lithology 3DM/DTM File
Code
Laterite 301 geol_lat_301.dtm
Oxidised Clay 201 -
Reduced Clay 211 geol_reduclay_211.dtm
Meta Volcano-Sediments 101 geol_mvs_101.dtm
Carbonate 401 geol_carb_401.dtm
Granodiorite 501 geol_grano_501.dtm
Mafic Intrusives 811 geol_intmafic_811.dtm
Skarn 901 geol_skarn_901.dtm
Below mco_ensemble_carrières_august_2019_lidar.dtm AND Above
Dump 1
iti_initial_topography_review.dtm
Above mco_ensemble_carrières_august_2019_lidar.dtm AND Above
Air 0
iti_initial_topography_review.dtm

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Figure 14-1: Cross Section view looking north-eastwards – Mont Ity – Lithology
Interpretation (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Figure 14-2: Cross Section view looking north-eastwards – Ity Flat – Lithology
Interpretation (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-3: Cross Section view looking north-eastwards – Walter – Lithology

Interpretation (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu and Gbéitouo

Lithological wireframing for in-situ deposits modelled by Cube Consulting in 2017 was
undertaken on a sectional basis, based on the “LITHO” fields of the respective “Geology”
databases. Interpretive polylines were snapped to drill holes and the resultant lithological
domains (3DMs) were coded into the respective block model(s). Lithological facies codes
assigned to each of the block models are detailed in Table 14-5 and cross-sections though the
geological wireframes are presented in Figure 14-4 to Figure 14-7.

Table 14-5: Lithological Facies and Block Model Assignment

Deposit Lithology Block Model Assignment (facies)
All Soil 311
All Laterite 301
All Reduced Clay 211
All Oxidised Clay 201
All Volcano Sediments 101
All Carbonate 401
All Granodiorite 501
All Mafic Intrusive 811
All Daaplite 601
All Mafic Intrusive 811
All Skarn 901

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Figure 14-4: Bakatouo – modelled lithology domains (section 0 looking northeast)

(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

Figure 14-5: Daapleu – modelled lithology domains (section 1250 looking northeast)
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

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Figure 14-6: Gbéitouo – modelled lithology domains (section 280 looking northeast)
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

Figure 14-7: Zia NE – modelled lithology domains (section 200 looking northeast)
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

Colline Sud
Geological modelling for the Colline Sud deposit was completed by Endeavour in 2017 using
lithological logging and interpreted geological cross-sections and level plans. Laterite, oxidised
and reduced clays, volcanosediments and two sets of intrusions (felsic, trending approximately

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north-south; and mafic, trending approximately northeast-southwest) were modelled in Surpac

(Figure 14-8).

Figure 14-8: Plan view of the volcanosediments and intrusive wireframes at Colline
Sud

Le Plaque:
Endeavour interpreted lithological domains at Le Plaque based on the drill hole lithological logs.
Geology wireframes were produced in Leapfrog Geo, with interpretations of the geology and
mineralisation primarily based on 25 m spaced sections. The lithological 3DM files produced
are summarised in Table 14-6.

Table 14-6: Lithological wireframes produced during the 2019 Le Plaque MRE
Lithology 3DM
Oxide Clay gm_floleu_argileox.dtm
Reduced Clay gm_floleu_argilered.dtm
Felsic Intrusion gm_floleu_intrusiffelsic.dtm
Mafic Intrusion gm_floleu_intrusifmafic.dtm
Carbonate gm_floleu_carbonate.dtm
Endoskarn gm_floleu_endoskarn.dtm
Exoskarn gm_floleu_exoskarn.dtm

Verse Ouest & Teckraie

Lithology codes were flagged into the “facies” block model attribute field. The flagging process
was based on the minzone_au domains described in Section 14.3.3 and summarised below in
Table 14-7.

Table 14-7: Lithological (“facies”) block model assignments by mineralisation

domain
Block Model Assignment
Domain minzone_au
(facies)
Air 0 0
Rock Dump 100 701
Rock Dump HG Sub-Domain 200 701
Laterite 300 201
Background 999 201

Aires
Lithological modelling was not completed for Aires, refer to Section 14.3.3 for estimation
domains.

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14.3.2 Weathering Domains

Mont Ity to Walter
Interpretation of weathering domains was completed by Cube Consulting, based primarily on
logging in the “OxCode” field of the “Oxidation” database. “Oxide” and “Fresh” rock domains
were modelled on a sectional basis, with remaining material attributed as “Transitional”. The
block model assignment for weathering domains is summarised in Table 14-8.

Table 14-8: Oxidation domains and block model assignment

Block Model Assignment
Oxidation Zone 3DM/DTM File
Code
Oxide 2 geol_oxide.dtm
Transitional 3 -
Fresh 4 geol_fresh.dtm
Below mco_ensemble_carrières_august_2019_lidar.dtm AND Above
Dump 1
iti_initial_topography_review.dtm
Above mco_ensemble_carrières_august_2019_lidar.dtm AND Above
Air 0
iti_initial_topography_review.dtm

Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu and Gbéitouo

For each of the deposits modelled by Cube Consulting during the 2017 MRE Update, three
weathering domains were interpreted, defining Oxide, Transitional and Fresh rock, as described
above. The interpretation was based on geological logging codes in the
'GL_OX_SUPERGENE' field of the 'Geology' database table. The weathering codes assigned
during block modelling for each of these deposits are summarised in Table 14-9.

Table 14-9: In situ deposit weathering codes assigned to block models

Block Model Assignment
Weathering
(ox_state)
Air 0
Oxide 3
Transition 2
Fresh 1

Le Plaque
For the July 2019 model the interpretation of weathering domains was completed by Endeavour
based on geological/weathering logging. Surfaces were created in Leapfrog Geo to represent
contacts between overburden/laterite, saprolite, transition and fresh weathering domains. The
resultant DTMs above and below each of these contacts are listed in Table 14-10.

Table 14-10: Weathering wireframes and block model assignment codes

Weathering Type Weathering Code DTM Files
Air topo_laplaque_sept_2018_bm-v3.dtm
Below - topo_laplaque_sept_2018_bm-v3.dtm
Laterite LATR
Above - gm_floleu_regolith.dtm
Below - gm_floleu_regolith.dtm
Saprolite SAPR
Above gm_floleu_oxydesurface.dtm
Below - gm_floleu_oxydesurface.dtm
Transition SPRK
Above gm_floleu_sulfidesurface.dtm
Fresh BDRK Below - gm_floleu_sulfidesurface.dtm

Verse Ouest & Teckraie

Weathering codes were flagged into the “ox_state” block model attribute field. The flagging
process was based on the minzone_au domains described in Section 14.3.3 and summarised
below in Table 14-11.

Table 14-11: Weathering (“ox_state”) block model assignments by mineralisation

domain
Block Model Assignment
Domain minzone_au
(facies)
Air 0 0
Rock Dump 100 701
Rock Dump HG Sub-Domain 200 701
Laterite 300 201
Background 999 201

Aires
Oxide modelling was not required/completed for Aires, refer to Section 14.3.3 for estimation

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domains.

14.3.3 Estimation Domains

Mont Ity to Walter
A nominal cut-off grade of 0.2g/tAu to 0.3g/tAu was used along with lithological and structural
logging in order to define estimation domains. Cube Consulting implemented a high degree of
tolerance for the inclusion of internal waste in order to produce relatively continuous domains
along known, north-westerly-dipping structures.
A Cube Consulting analysis of the nature of the contact between the clay (saprolite) and fresh
rock domains showed a significant short-scale variation of Au grade across the boundary
(Figure 14-9). As such, a hard boundary was implemented during estimation in each of the
domains, with the clay-fresh rock boundary spatially corresponding with the Transitional – Fresh
weathering boundary in most areas.
Visual assessment of gold assays within distinct weathering domains indicates that hypogene
mineralisation hosted within the fresh rock domain is spatially restricted to distinct structures,
whereas often remobilised gold produces more diffuse (and sometimes higher grade)
mineralisation domains within the overlying saprolite clays (Figure 14-10). The mineralisation
domains produced by Cube Consulting reflect the following types of mineralisation:
• Hypogene, fresh rock (mostly skarn-related) mineralisation;
• Clay (saprolite)-hosted mineralisation;
• Supergene laterite-hosted mineralisation; and
• So-called ‘halo’ mineralisation or ‘mineralised waste’ which represents low grade,
discontinuous and erratic gold mineralisation outside of the above, distinctly higher-grade
mineralisation domains.
Mineralisation domains were produced on a sectional basis in Surpac, with the resultant 3DM
volumes guided by polylines snapped to drill holes (RDV drilling only). Where GC drilling was
available (typically in the immediate vicinity of the pit) these data were visually assessed , and
the wireframes adjusted accordingly. Mineralisation domains and their associated block model
codes are listed in Table 14-12 and shown in three dimensions in Figure 14-11 and Figure
14-12. A younging chronology of fresh rock > clay > laterite was implemented in order to define
the mineralisation domains.

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Figure 14-9: Boundary plot of gold grade across the fresh – clay transition (Image
source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Figure 14-10: Cross-section view of Ity, looking northeastwards – drill hole gold assay
grades, estimation domains (blue lines) and lithology domains (blocks).
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Table 14-12: Mont Ity to Walter gold estimation domains and block model assignment
codes
Domain Code 3DM File Object No. Description
101 min_fresh_100.dtm 101 Fresh mineralisation – Ity
102 min_fresh_100.dtm 102 Fresh mineralisation – Ity
103 min_fresh_100.dtm 103 Fresh mineralisation – Ity
104 min_fresh_100.dtm 104 Fresh mineralisation – Tontouo
105 min_fresh_100.dtm 105 Fresh mineralisation – Ity
106 min_fresh_100.dtm 106 Fresh mineralisation – Ity
107 min_fresh_100.dtm 107 Fresh mineralisation – Walter
201 min_clay_200.dtm 201 Clay mineralisation - Ity
202 min_clay_200.dtm 202 Clay mineralisation - Walter
203 min_clay_200.dtm 203 Clay mineralisation - Walter
204 min_clay_200.dtm 204 Clay mineralisation – Ity
205 min_clay_200.dtm 205 Clay mineralisation – Ity
206 min_clay_200.dtm 206 Clay mineralisation - Tontouo
207 min_clay_200.dtm 207 Clay mineralisation - Ity
208 min_clay_200.dtm 208 Clay mineralisation - Ity
301 min_lat_301.dtm 301 Laterite mineralisation
901 min_halo_oxtrans_901.dtm 901 Mineralised waste (Halo) zone – oxide+transitional
902 min_halo_fresh_902.dtm 902 Mineralised waste (Halo) zone – fresh

Figure 14-11: 3D view looking towards the northeast, with northwesterly-dipping clay
and fresh rock estimation domains overlain by the flat-lying laterite
domain (301) (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-12: Plan view of the clay and fresh estimation domains (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2019)

In order to restrict the input data for the estimation process to reliable drill holes only an
“in_resource” field within the “Collar” table was created. The field primarily consists of DDH,
RC and RCD drill holes. Historical drill holes excluded from the estimation process either had
poor historical documentation, poor quality sampling or evidence of sample contamination.
Drill hole intercepts within each mineralisation domain were coded accordingly (field:
“zonecode_2019”) to aid compositing and statistical analysis by domain during the subsequent
estimation process.

Zia NE
Similar to the modelling approach adopted by Cube Consulting for the 2019 Mont Ity to Walter
MRE, one major, and several minor mineralisation domains were modelled on a sectional basis
using a nominal 0.3g/tAu cut-off. Interstitial low-grade mineralisation was domained as a global
‘halo’ around all drilling, and remobilised/supergene mineralisation was estimated in a flat-lying
laterite domain above the main mineralisation domains. A summary of the estimation domains
is presented in Table 14-13, along with a plan view of the domains in Figure 14-13 and a
sectional view (-175) in Figure 14-14.

Table 14-13: Zia NE mineralisation domains and associated block model codes
Domain Description 3DM Object No. Block Model Assignment (minzone_au)
Minor HW Zia NE Zia NE_mz_au_20160713 100 100
Main Zia NE Zia NE_mz_au_20160713 200 200
Laterite Zia NE_mz_au_20160713 301 301
Minor FW Zia NE Zia NE_mz_au_20160713 400 400
Minor FW Zia NE Zia NE_mz_au_20160713 500 500
Background Zia NE_drill_limit_20160713 1 999

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Figure 14-13: Zia NE mineralisation domains – plan view (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2017)

Figure 14-14: Zia NE mineralisation domains – section -175 looking northeast (Image
source: Cube Consulting

Bakatouo:
Mineralisation wireframing for the Bakatouo deposit was completed by Cube Consulting on a
sectional basis using a nominal cut-off of 0.30g/tAu and guided by geological logging. The

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majority of the modelled domains (22 out of 25) represent sub-domains of a moderate- to
steeply-dipping carbonate sequence bounded by volcano-sediments stratigraphically above
and below. The remaining domains are entirely hosted within bimodal intrusive bodies broadly
parallel with the carbonate and volcanoclastic sequences. A summary of the mineralisation
wireframes is provided in 14.3 and shown in plan section in Figure 14-15.

Table 14-14: Bakatouo mineralisation domains and associated block model codes
Block Model Assignment
Domain Description 3DM Object No.
(minzone_au)
Mineralisation hosted in Skarn bakatouo_mz_au_201705 101 to 122 101 to 122
Mineralisation hosted in IFG bakatouo_mz_au_201705 201 201
Mineralisation hosted in VSM bakatouo_mz_au_201705 301 to 302 301 to 302
Background bakatouo_drill_limit_201705 1 999

Figure 14-15: Bakatouo mineralisation domains – plan view (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2017 – marked cross-sections available therein)

Daapleu
Mineralisation domains at Daapleu were modelled on a sectional basis using an interpreted
natural cut-off grade of 0.35g/tAu and geological logging, where available. Cube Consulting
modelled six domains, as detailed in Table 14-15. A plan view and cross-section of the
mineralisation domain wireframes are presented in Figure 14-16 and Figure 14-17,
respectively.

Table 14-15: Daapleu mineralisation domains and associated block model codes
Domain Code Domain Description 3DM Block Model Code Assigned
301 Laterite Mineralisation daapleu_mz_au_201705 301

400 Main low grade stockwork domain within Daaplite daapleu_mz_au_201705 400
200 Main high-grade sheared contact mineralisation daapleu_mz_au_201705 200
100 daapleu_mz_au_201705 100
Minor low grade mineralisation within footwall
150 daapleu_mz_au_201705 150
volcano-sediments (structurally controlled)
500 daapleu_mz_au_201705 500
1 Background daapleu_drill_limit_201705 999

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Figure 14-16: Daapleu mineralisation domains – plan view (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2017)

Figure 14-17: Daapleu mineralisation domains – section 1250 looking northeast (Image
source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

Gbéitouo
Mineralisation domains at Gbéitouo were modelled in accordance with the methodology
followed by Cube Consulting for all of the 2017 MREs, namely, section-based interpretations
using a nominal 0.3g/tAu grade cut-off. Two broad zones of mineralisation were modelled,
each with a higher-grade core and a gradational decrease in Au grade towards the domain
margins. A summary of the mineralisation domains is presented in Table 14-16 and a plan view
of the domains is shown in Figure 14-18.

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Table 14-16: Gbéitouo mineralisation domains and associated block model codes
Domain Description 3DM Object No. Block Model Assignment (minzone_au)
Main FW Gbéitouo mz_gbeit_july_2016 100 100
Main HW Gbéitouo mz_gbeit_july_2016 101 101
Background mz_drill_limit_july_2016 999 999

Figure 14-18: Gbéitouo mineralisation domains – plan view (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2017 – marked cross-sections available in therein)

Colline Sud
Mineralisation domains at Colline Sud were modelled on a sectional basis by Endeavour using
a nominal 0.5g/tAu cut-off grade with a maximum of 2m continuous waste intervals included
(Febvey, 2017). A total of 27 mineralisation domains were modelled, trending northeast-
southwest, with an average dip of 55° to the northwest. A plan view of the modelled
mineralisation domains is presented in Figure 14-19.

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Figure 14-19: Colline Sud mineralisation domains – plan view

Le Plaque
Endeavour interpreted mineralisation domains on a sectional basis (25m spacing) using a
nominal cut-off grade of 0.3g/tAu and a minimum width of 2m. Polylines were snapped to drill
holes and the resultant domains were typically extended a maximum of 15m down-dip and
along-strike beyond the informing data. A total of 30 domains were produced, split between
four areas, as listed in Figure 14-20 and shown in Figure 14-20.

Table 14-17: Summary of the domains included in each area of the Le Plaque deposit
Area Domains
Main 1-6
Epsilon 21-30
South 31-40
Laterite 101-104

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Figure 14-20: Le Plaque mineralisation domains – plan view

Verse Ouest & Teckraie

The topographic surface for the dumps was created by the Ity mine survey department and was
current at 31 December 2018. Given the deposits represent historic waste dumps, the
interpretation, completed by Cube Consulting, focuses primarily on the boundary position
between the dumped rock material and underlying laterite. The interpretation polylines were
based on 25 m spaced sections oriented toward 135º. The polylines were "snapped" to drill
hole traces in most instances and used to create validated three-dimensional solids (3DMs).
The underlying laterite domain interpretation was based on logged geology and was limited to
a minimum downhole length of 2m. The top surface of the laterite domain represents the base
of the dumped rock material. The rock dumps are not physically separate, and a nominal line
of separation was created that best honours the drilling data and previous description of the
two rock dumps. Within the rock dump, an area of locally higher-grade assays was identified
and sub-domained for consideration during the grade estimation process (Figure 14-21 and
Figure 14-22).

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Figure 14-21: Cross-section (looking northeast) through the Verse Ouest and Teckraie
dumps showing the three modelled mineralisation domains and 1 m gold
composites

Figure 14-22: Plan view of the Verse Ouest and Teckraie dumps wireframes, including:
the in-situ laterite and high grade dumps sub-domain (left); and the main
dumps wireframe (right). Black/blue points represent drill hole collars

The 3DMs were used for direct assignment of the mineralisation domain into the block model.
The domain interpretation, 3DM files and block model assignment is summarised in Table
14-18.

Table 14-18: Mineralisation domain solids and block model assignment codes
Domain 3DM Block Model Assignment (minzone_au)
Air - 0
Rock Dump vo_min_solid_2019 (object 100) 100
Rock Dump HG Sub-Domain vo_min_solid_2019 (object 200) 200
Laterite vo_min_solid_2019 (object 300) 300
Background - 999

Aires
The mineralisation domaining at Aires was based on facies modelling of the heap leach pad
from drill hole data and was carried out by Cube Consulting for the 2017 MRE. An additional
surface was created which reflects the lift added to the heap leach pad since the previous MRE
(domain 11). Volumes were produced representing each of the nine lifts (Figure 14-20) and
these were subsequently flagged within the database for compositing within each domain, as
well as being coded into the block model.

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Figure 14-23: Aires Leach Pads – cross-section showing domains based on distinct
lifts added to the heap leach pile (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

14.4 Compositing
Data compositing is undertaken to reduce the inherent variability that exists within the
population and to generate samples more appropriate to the scale of the mining operation
envisaged. It is also necessary for the estimation process that all samples are assumed to be
of equal weighting and should therefore be of approximately equal length. For each of the
deposits at Ity, Cube Consulting and Endeavour followed a similar compositing methodology.
After an examination of various criteria including sample length statistics and the expected
parent block and selective mining unit (“SMU”) sizes 1m downhole composites were considered
appropriate for compositing the gold assays within the mineralised domains at Mont Ity to Walter
(2019), Le Plaque (2019), Bakatouo (2017), Aires (2019) and Verse-Ouest & Teckraie (2019),
with 2m composites preferred for the mineralisation domains at the other in situ deposits.
Endeavour selected a 1m compositing interval for both the Colline Sud (2017) and Le Plaque
(2019) estimates.
Using the ‘Best Fit’ compositing routine in Surpac, residual, otherwise uncomposited lengths at
domain margins are distributed equally between composites within the drill hole. This produces
a relatively even distribution of composites, all of which are as close in length as possible to the
nominated length. For example, the vast majority of composites at Mont Ity to Walter replicate
the 1 m target length (Figure 14-24). Residual composites <0.1m in length were discarded,
regardless of gold grade (Figure 14-25) resulting in the omission of 441 out of a total of 173,812
composites (~0.2%).
In addition to Au, copper, arsenic and sulphur grades were also composited to 1 m intervals at
Mont Ity to Walter. Given the limited spatial extent of the multi-element assay data (generally
only completed where Au>0.5g/t – see Table 14-19), a systematic analysis of these grades
across the whole deposit is not possible.

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Figure 14-24: Histogram of composite lengths within the estimation domains at Mont
Ity to Walter (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Figure 14-25: Mont Ity to Walter - Scatter plot of composite length (y-axis) versus gold
grade (x-axis) (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Table 14-19: Mont Ity to Walter - Number of composites for gold, copper and
deleterious elements before removal of <0.1 m composites
Element No. of Informed Composites
Au 173,812
Cu 12,994
As 7,788
S 8,248

Mont Ity to Walter

Composite statistics for gold grades at Mont Ity to Walter are summarised in Table 14-20, with
log-probability plots, split by mineralisation domains, shown in Figure 14-26 to Figure 14-29.
The major clay domains clearly reflect a higher gold grade tenor than their corresponding fresh
equivalents (e.g. Domain 201 is linked to Domains 101 and 102). Variability is almost uniformly
high, as reflected in the Coefficient of Variation (“CoV”) values often exceeding a value of 2,

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while the gold distributions are highly positively skewed. The fresh domains do not display
bimodality, while some of the clay and halo domains do, having distinct low- and high-grade
sub-populations separated by a marked inflexion in the histogram. This is anticipated in the
clay domains, due to the high degree of tolerance for internal ‘waste’ inclusion during the
domaining process. However, the philosophy behind the domaining process was to capture
contiguous structurally controlled ‘trends’ in the mineralisation, that broadly represent areas of
similar character. The gold mineralisation is highly gradational/diffusive in nature within the clay
facies and is accompanied by a relatively limited ability to visually distinguish ore from waste.
As such, the use of internal hard grade boundaries is inappropriate for estimation. The risk of
misrepresenting the volume and continuity at higher grade cut-offs can increase markedly in
such situations.
The high variability of gold grades indicates non-linear grade interpolation methods are most
appropriate. Conventional linear methods, such as Ordinary Kriging (“OK”) tend to produce
over-smoothed estimates in cases where the variability is high and when the statistical
distribution is significantly skewed.

Table 14-20: Mont Ity to Walter - Basic statistics - 1m composited gold grade (g/t) by
estimation domain
Zone Domain Number Minimum Maximum Mean Median Std Dev CoV
101 4,919 0.005 34.85 0.99 0.35 2.25 2.27
102 2,878 0.004 82.60 0.98 0.15 3.23 3.29
103 1,856 0.005 107.99 0.49 0.24 3.14 6.47
FRESH 104 1,407 0.005 28.69 0.67 0.27 1.55 2.31
105 460 0.005 13.43 0.44 0.10 1.12 2.56
106 172 0.005 5.36 0.49 0.30 0.64 1.30
107 234 0.005 16.19 0.60 0.24 1.52 2.56
201 55,253 0.004 583.75 1.62 0.32 6.65 4.11
202 10,236 0.005 89.75 0.87 0.33 2.94 3.40
203 6,567 0.005 370.46 1.15 0.26 6.96 6.06
204 4,790 0.005 139.00 0.73 0.29 3.35 4.57
CLAY
205 4,243 0.005 19.40 0.41 0.17 0.88 2.15
206 6,506 0.005 100.00 0.82 0.36 2.54 3.09
207 598 0.005 20.52 0.63 0.13 1.80 2.86
208 190 0.026 4.37 0.83 0.58 0.77 0.93
LATERITE 301 9,699 0.005 213.37 0.87 0.47 2.76 3.18
HALO OxTr 901 32,367 0.005 88.49 0.22 0.10 0.92 4.22
HALO Fr 902 31,042 0.004 84.96 0.19 0.06 1.17 6.19

Figure 14-26: Mont Ity to Walter - Log-probability plots for 1 m composited gold grade
for the Fresh Domains (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-27: Mont Ity to Walter - Log-probability plots for 1 m composited gold grade
for the clay domains (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Figure 14-28: Mont Ity to Walter - Log-probability plot for 1 m composited gold grade
for the Laterite Domain (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-29: Mont Ity to Walter - Log-probability plot for 1 m composited gold grades
in the Halo Domains (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

The inflexion to a higher-grade population within some of the clay domains indicates that a large
proportion of the gold mineralisation (between 20% and 30% of the composites) falls within the
higher-grade sub-population in these zones. However, this is not the case in the two halo
domains, where less than 5% of the mineralisation can be considered as ‘higher grade’ in the
relative sense. For this reason, the inflexion points at approximately 0.7g/tAu and 0.5g/tAu for
Domains 901 and 902, respectively, were picked for use in distance-limiting of composites
above these thresholds during interpolation. The continuity and volume of material above these
thresholds within the low-grade halo domains cannot be constrained by the drilling in many
areas, with the drill spacing also generally being relatively wide in these poorly mineralised
areas. For this reason, it was considered prudent to limit the spatial influence of the higher-
grade samples when interpolating.
Basic statistics for the three deleterious elements (Cu, As and S) included in the block model
at Mont Ity to Walter are shown in Table 14-21 through Table 14-23, split by gold estimation
domain. The interpretation of the statistics is severely hampered by selective assaying for these
elements; most of the available assays were triggered by a gold assay value of 0.5g/tAu being
exceeded. The best informed of the three elements (Cu), has only 12,902 1m composite
values, representing just 7% of the total gold composite population (n=173,412). This makes it
impossible to produce bespoke estimation domains for the three variables, while the selection
bias also represents an issue for estimation.

Table 14-21: Mont Ity to Walter - Basic statistics - 1m composite copper grade (Cu
ppm) by estimation domain
Zone Domain Number Minimum Maximum Mean Median Std Dev CoV
101 554 11.0 25,980 1,930.1 1,063.0 2,731.3 1.42
102 225 0.5 12,541 741.0 346.0 1,398.5 1.89
103 343 32.0 3,041 559.0 431.8 452.2 0.81
FRESH 104 189 12.0 409 90.8 79.2 57.8 0.64
105 29 2.0 1,626 204.5 104.0 306.4 1.50
106 74 43.0 7,403 1,608.7 1,171.0 1,798.5 1.12
107 69 28.0 6,702 1,190.6 659.5 1,381.1 1.16
201 4,728 0.5 88,216 2,418.2 1,071.0 3,951.3 1.63
202 976 50.7 27,525 2,252.7 1,068.2 3,085.3 1.37
203 596 15.0 76,510 4,002.3 1,460.6 8,180.9 2.04
CLAY 204 1,054 2.0 8,292 492.0 392.0 546.7 1.11
205 186 19.0 26,010 561.9 140.0 2,119.7 3.77
206 145 9.8 264 88.7 84.5 42.6 0.48
207 25 12.0 219 123.5 138.0 53.5 0.43

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Zone Domain Number Minimum Maximum Mean Median Std Dev CoV
208 25 49.0 624 177.6 111.3 148.1 0.83
LATERITE 301 1,054 13.0 5,246 335.9 232.0 450.3 1.34
HALO OxTr 901 1,373 3.0 16,737 543.7 194.0 1,055.9 1.94
HALO Fr 902 1,257 0.5 19,648 680.7 123.4 1,442.6 2.12

Table 14-22: Mont Ity to Walter - Basic statistics - 1 m composite arsenic grades (As
ppm) by estimation domain
Zone Domain Number Minimum Maximum Mean Median Std Dev CoV
101 550 1 63 6.3 4.0 7.8 1.23
102 214 1 74 7.4 4.4 9.5 1.27
103 194 1 32 2.6 1.0 5.0 1.91
FRESH 104 178 1 147 22.4 19.8 19.3 0.86
105 18 1 63 21.6 16.0 16.9 0.78
106 74 1 22 7.2 7.0 4.4 0.61
107 69 1 115 16.3 11.0 18.9 1.16
201 2,447 1 557 16.1 7.5 28.4 1.77
202 684 1 100 8.9 5.0 10.7 1.21
203 246 1 97 11.3 6.0 14.3 1.27
204 311 1 11 1.9 1.0 1.7 0.87
CLAY
205 134 1 129 18.1 13.4 20.2 1.11
206 110 1 766 53.1 27.3 116.9 2.20
207 18 8 86 51.7 48.0 22.5 0.44
208 25 3 32 11.8 13.0 7.3 0.62
LATERITE 301 560 1 215 18.8 13.3 19.3 1.03
HALO OxTr 901 912 1 88 4.3 1.0 8.5 2.01
HALO Fr 902 1,000 1 2,106 10.6 3.0 74.2 6.98

Table 14-23: Mont Ity to Walter - Basic statistics - 1m composite sulphur grade (S%)
by estimation domain
Zone Domain Number Minimum Maximum Mean Median Std Dev CoV
101 550 0.025 10.00 1.08 0.54 1.48 1.37
102 214 0.025 10.00 0.83 0.25 1.59 1.91
103 194 0.025 10.00 0.86 0.49 1.26 1.46
FRESH 104 181 0.025 7.89 2.35 2.04 1.31 0.56
105 18 0.990 6.22 2.64 2.19 1.47 0.56
106 74 0.025 4.12 1.37 1.32 0.94 0.69
107 69 0.025 3.73 0.21 0.08 0.48 2.26
201 2,447 0.005 10.00 0.68 0.03 1.58 2.32
202 683 0.025 7.03 0.18 0.03 0.52 3.00
203 246 0.025 10.00 1.44 0.54 2.11 1.46
204 311 0.025 9.80 0.32 0.03 1.28 3.95
CLAY
205 134 0.010 6.79 1.49 1.23 1.43 0.96
206 144 0.005 7.71 0.54 0.03 1.25 2.33
207 18 0.025 0.89 0.32 0.05 0.36 1.14
208 25 0.042 4.06 1.79 1.60 0.81 0.45
LATERITE 301 633 0.025 2.13 0.03 0.03 0.09 2.60
HALO OxTr 901 1,090 0.005 8.16 0.67 0.03 1.27 1.91
HALO Fr 902 1,172 0.005 10.00 1.00 0.60 1.21 1.22

Bivariate scatter plots for gold, copper, arsenic, sulphur and silver grade show a generally weak
and dichotomous relationship between most of the variables (Figure 14-30 and Figure 14-31).
Both related and unrelated sub-populations can be discerned. The only exception to this is the
Cu-As and As-Ag relationships, which appear for the most part, to be coherent. No attempt
has been made to further analyse or estimate silver, since this variable is represented by less
than 1,000 samples in the area of interest.
Given the (weak) positive correlation between gold and the three deleterious elements (Cu, As,
S), Cube Consulting performed a regression and used the resultant equations to populate
uninformed composites for copper, arsenic and sulphur. In order to simplify the process, it was
decided to produce regression equations on a Quantile-Quantile (“Q-Q”) basis. An example of
the regression based on a Q-Q plot is shown in Figure 14-32. The data were split into clay,
fresh and laterite domains according to the gold estimation domains. Outlier points on the Q-
Q plot were eliminated, where considered necessary, in order to isolate the linearly related
portion of the joint distribution. The regression equations used are summarised in Table 14-24.
Upper and lower limits were imposed on the regressed values, based approximately on the
minima and maxima observed in the samples.
Cube Consulting stressed that the regression results should be considered to be of very low
confidence. However, it was considered preferable to undertake this process rather than rely
just on the highly biased informed data points for estimation of Cu, As and S. The results of

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the estimation for the three deleterious elements should therefore be considered to give, at
best, an indication of what the block values might be.

Figure 14-30: Mont Ity to Walter - Scatter plots for Au (g/t), Cu (ppm), As (ppm), S (%)
and Ag (ppm) in real space (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-31: Mont Ity to Walter - Scatter plots for Au (g/t), Cu (ppm), As (ppm), S (%)
and Ag (ppm) in logarithmic space (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-32: Mont Ity to Walter - Example Q-Q plot for Au and Cu – clay domains –
regression line and equation shown (Image source: Cube Consulting,
2019)

Table 14-24: Mont Ity to Walter - Regression equations on Au (g/t) used to populate
uninformed Cu (ppm), As (ppm) and S (%)
Element Zone Regression Equation Bottom Limit Top Limit
Clay Cu = 952.52 * Au
Cu Fresh Cu = 806.73 * Au 0.5 ppm 90,000 ppm
Laterite Cu = 400.93 * Au
Clay As = 7.1828 * Au
As Fresh As = 6.1596 * Au 1 ppm 2,200 ppm
Laterite As = 21.142 * Au
Clay S = (0.5828 * Au) – 0.3396
S Fresh S = (1.0966 * Au) – 0.0746 0.025% 10%
Laterite S = 0.0212 * Au

Zia NE:
Summary statistics for the 2 m composites produced for Zia NE are presented in Table 14-25,
along with the corresponding log-probability plot in Figure 14-33.

Table 14-25: Zia NE - Summary statistics for 2 m Au composites by domain

Domain 100 200 301 400 500 999
Number 350 4,337 1,231 413 531 6,068
Minimum 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Maximum 41.95 253.28 39.32 11.72 53.91 29.60
Mean 0.84 1.09 1.11 0.48 1.05 0.17
Median 0.29 0.39 0.71 0.28 0.36 0.09
Std Dev 2.66 4.96 2.09 0.90 3.18 0.74
Variance 7.07 24.63 4.35 0.80 10.11 0.54
Coeff Var 3.17 4.57 1.89 1.87 3.02 4.22
Percentiles
10 0.08 0.09 0.20 0.06 0.09 0.02
20 0.12 0.15 0.34 0.12 0.16 0.04
30 0.18 0.21 0.44 0.18 0.23 0.05
40 0.23 0.29 0.56 0.23 0.29 0.07
50 0.29 0.39 0.71 0.28 0.36 0.09
60 0.37 0.50 0.87 0.36 0.46 0.12
70 0.51 0.69 1.08 0.46 0.64 0.15
80 0.73 1.04 1.39 0.58 0.98 0.19
90 1.56 2.02 1.97 0.81 1.91 0.28
95 3.08 3.41 2.85 1.24 3.28 0.46

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Domain 100 200 301 400 500 999

97.5 5.15 5.64 4.19 2.43 6.96 0.73
99 10.39 11.83 6.33 4.03 13.23 1.27

Figure 14-33: Zia NE - Log-probability plot of 2m gold composites – Domain 200 (Image
source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

Bakatouo

Summary statistics for the 2m composites produced for Bakatouo are presented in Table
14-26 to Table 14-27: Bakatouo - Summary statistics for 2 m Au
composites by domain (cont.)
.

Table 14-26: Bakatouo - Summary statistics for 2 m Au composites by domain

Domain 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
Number 1,273 888 102 32 97 602 213 529 67
Minimum 0.02 0.01 0.08 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.12
Maximum 72.85 56.95 11.62 14.70 7.80 43.50 115.38 198.26 18.48
Mean 2.62 2.16 0.84 1.87 0.88 1.57 2.21 2.72 1.41
Std. Dev. 5.51 3.69 1.41 2.93 1.19 3.72 9.25 11.80 3.04
Variance 30.35 13.59 1.99 8.58 1.41 13.86 85.50 139.28 9.26
Coeff. Var. 2.10 1.71 1.68 1.57 1.35 2.38 4.19 4.35 2.15
Percentile
10th 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.26 0.20 0.16 0.13 0.18 0.23
20th 0.27 0.28 0.26 0.31 0.27 0.26 0.24 0.26 0.30
30th 0.37 0.40 0.29 0.36 0.31 0.31 0.29 0.31 0.35
40th 0.51 0.57 0.40 0.51 0.37 0.39 0.37 0.39 0.39
50th 0.67 0.80 0.48 0.62 0.46 0.51 0.47 0.49 0.42
60th 0.94 1.23 0.55 0.85 0.56 0.75 0.59 0.63 0.51
70th 1.48 2.00 0.68 1.93 0.82 1.06 0.85 0.83 0.68
80th 2.72 3.32 0.91 2.52 1.17 1.89 1.19 1.42 1.05
90th 6.82 5.73 1.66 4.05 1.86 3.33 3.04 4.08 2.75
95th 13.88 7.82 2.45 6.60 2.38 5.32 6.12 7.98 6.64
97.5th 20.03 10.28 4.16 9.27 4.07 8.80 16.81 26.76 10.72
99th 25.33 14.36 6.19 12.53 6.38 18.90 37.23 41.08 15.06

Table 14-27: Bakatouo - Summary statistics for 2 m Au composites by domain (cont.)

Domain 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Number 1,019 185 382 58 29 359 117 340 352
Minimum 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.13 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.01
Maximum 38.39 152.82 30.37 1.27 2.53 33.76 7.06 248.43 21.56
Mean 1.83 2.57 1.21 0.47 0.90 1.39 1.10 3.46 1.41
Std. Dev. 3.74 12.28 2.19 0.25 0.78 2.44 1.16 20.38 2.69
Variance 14.01 150.69 4.81 0.07 0.61 5.96 1.35 415.30 7.24
Coeff. Var. 2.04 4.77 1.81 0.54 0.87 1.76 1.06 5.88 1.90

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Domain 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Percentile
10th 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.21 0.27 0.23 0.19 0.19
20th 0.27 0.26 0.30 0.26 0.30 0.35 0.35 0.28 0.27
30th 0.36 0.32 0.37 0.31 0.36 0.48 0.43 0.37 0.34
40th 0.47 0.39 0.48 0.35 0.40 0.56 0.58 0.47 0.42
50th 0.64 0.44 0.62 0.41 0.57 0.74 0.69 0.60 0.52
60th 0.83 0.56 0.77 0.48 0.75 0.92 0.91 0.80 0.66
70th 1.18 0.70 1.02 0.55 0.94 1.28 1.18 1.13 0.93
80th 1.91 1.29 1.45 0.68 1.35 1.76 1.65 1.67 1.55
90th 4.27 3.59 2.85 0.80 2.40 2.66 2.24 2.86 3.00
95th 7.73 7.87 4.04 0.84 2.51 4.40 2.98 4.30 5.42
97.5th 14.19 13.94 5.61 1.08 2.52 7.05 3.94 15.45 11.78
99th 19.86 36.63 8.08 1.22 2.53 9.86 6.54 78.21 13.92

Table 14-28: Bakatouo - Summary statistics for 2 m Au composites by domain (cont.)

Domain 119 120 121 122 201 301 302 999
Number 59 438 5 6 127 141 76 15,546
Minimum 0.06 0.03 0.57 0.41 0.06 0.03 0.08 0.01
Maximum 55.09 63.40 0.89 2.43 3.76 4.67 8.99 106.56
Mean 4.27 1.80 0.69 1.09 0.53 0.84 1.17 0.17
Std. Dev. 9.34 4.90 0.13 0.77 0.55 0.82 1.56 0.96
Variance 87.22 23.98 0.02 0.60 0.30 0.68 2.43 0.91
Coeff. Var. 2.19 2.73 0.19 0.71 1.04 0.98 1.33 5.79
Percentile
10th 0.19 0.15 0.57 0.41 0.14 0.18 0.16 0.01
20th 0.27 0.23 0.57 0.43 0.21 0.29 0.27 0.03
30th 0.41 0.30 0.58 0.51 0.27 0.38 0.33 0.05
40th 0.62 0.36 0.59 0.54 0.30 0.49 0.46 0.07
50th 0.94 0.48 0.61 0.54 0.33 0.58 0.64 0.09
60th 1.45 0.63 0.63 1.00 0.44 0.73 0.78 0.12
70th 2.17 0.89 0.69 1.32 0.54 0.86 0.95 0.15
80th 4.63 1.71 0.75 1.33 0.65 1.11 1.22 0.19
90th 9.43 3.76 0.82 1.78 1.07 1.92 3.12 0.28
95th 19.90 7.77 0.85 2.10 1.68 2.29 4.70 0.44
97.5th 30.29 14.10 0.87 2.27 2.16 3.28 5.19 0.69
99th 45.99 20.26 0.88 2.37 2.52 4.19 6.16 1.31

Daapleu
Summary statistics for the 2m composites produced for Daapleu are presented in Table 14-29,
along with the corresponding log-probability plot in Figure 14-34.

Table 14-29: Daapleu - Summary statistics for 2m Au composites by domain

Domain 100 150 200 301 400 500 999
Number 100 95 1720 474 6,658 50 10,741
Minimum 0.005 0.088 0.009 0.005 0.005 0.052 0.005
Maximum 8.20 3.60 35.55 6.42 33.96 7.76 6.83
Mean 0.88 0.71 2.24 0.33 0.94 0.64 0.07
Std. Dev. 1.15 0.61 3.47 0.55 1.32 1.19 0.20
Variance 1.32 0.37 12.02 0.30 1.75 1.42 0.04
Coeff. Var. 1.31 0.86 1.55 1.67 1.41 1.87 2.89
Percentile
10th 0.08 0.22 0.21 0.02 0.16 0.12 0.01
20th 0.18 0.33 0.39 0.04 0.29 0.16 0.01
30th 0.26 0.39 0.59 0.07 0.39 0.22 0.01
40th 0.42 0.46 0.78 0.09 0.52 0.27 0.01
50th 0.52 0.55 1.07 0.14 0.64 0.33 0.02
60th 0.69 0.61 1.53 0.23 0.80 0.39 0.04
70th 0.87 0.75 2.06 0.33 0.98 0.45 0.06
80th 1.18 0.94 2.90 0.50 1.26 0.60 0.09
90th 1.85 1.17 5.10 0.75 1.85 0.91 0.15
95th 2.62 1.71 8.63 1.06 2.64 2.58 0.24
97.5th 4.03 2.90 12.83 1.67 3.64 2.87 0.38
99th 4.60 2.98 18.42 2.29 5.59 5.33 0.67

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Figure 14-34: Daapleu - Log-probability plot of 2 m gold composites by domain

(Black=999, Dark Grey=100, Red=150, Green=200, Cyan=301,
Apricot=400, Grey=500). (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

Gbéitouo
Summary statistics for the 2m composites produced for Gbéitouo are presented in Table 14-30,
along with the corresponding log-probability plot in Figure 14-35.

Table 14-30: Gbéitouo - Summary statistics for 2 m Au composites by domain

Domain 100 101 999
Number 850 735 3,566
Minimum 0.01 0.01 0.01
Maximum 28.56 16.58 2.21
Mean 1.36 0.57 0.05
Median 0.62 0.36 0.02
Std. Dev. 2.12 0.87 0.11
Variance 4.47 0.76 0.01
Coeff. Var. 1.56 1.53 2.08
Percentile
10th 0.10 0.08 0.01
20th 0.20 0.14 0.01
30th 0.31 0.20 0.01
40th 0.45 0.28 0.02
50th 0.62 0.36 0.02
60th 0.91 0.47 0.03
70th 1.46 0.58 0.05
80th 2.13 0.79 0.07
90th 3.28 1.20 0.13
95th 4.59 1.73 0.19
97.5th 6.13 2.50 0.26
99th 9.40 3.49 0.46

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Figure 14-35: Gbéitouo - Log-probability plot of 2m gold composites – Domain 100

(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

Colline Sud
Summary statistics for the 1m composites produced within the estimation domains at Colline
Sud are presented in Table 14-31.

Table 14-31: Colline Sud - Summary statistics for 1 m Au composites by domain

Domain No. Samples Min Value Max Value Mean Median Variance Std. Dev CoV
1 48 0.02 25.03 1.71 0.68 13.47 3.67 2.15
2 25 0.03 23.74 3.02 0.55 40.43 6.36 2.11
3 22 0.19 5.69 1.55 0.92 2.28 1.51 0.98
4 43 0.12 39.15 3.68 0.75 75.61 8.70 2.36
5 126 0.03 7.25 1.11 0.79 1.31 1.14 1.03
6 136 0.02 9.84 1.29 0.81 2.54 1.59 1.23
7 209 0.04 28.65 1.80 0.99 7.99 2.83 1.57
8 155 0.04 160.90 5.71 1.05 316.19 17.78 3.11
9 151 0.05 13.98 1.67 0.94 3.71 1.93 1.15
10 152 0.06 54.55 3.24 0.82 52.83 7.27 2.25
11 81 0.08 61.24 3.21 0.78 81.55 9.03 2.81
13 40 0.12 3.99 1.15 0.70 1.09 1.05 0.91
14 41 0.02 2.16 0.71 0.65 0.19 0.44 0.62
16 57 0.02 9.48 1.17 0.79 1.63 1.28 1.10
18 70 0.10 25.75 1.90 0.82 13.63 3.69 1.94
20 66 0.07 116.47 3.95 0.87 234.80 15.32 3.88
22 100 0.01 25.15 1.79 0.92 9.23 3.04 1.70
23 41 0.19 19.91 2.31 0.98 12.24 3.50 1.51
24 11 0.22 1.68 0.60 0.51 0.14 0.37 0.62
25 22 0.11 27.01 3.14 0.95 31.44 5.61 1.79
26 12 0.66 1.91 0.94 0.76 0.14 0.37 0.39
27 40 0.34 3.28 1.20 0.96 0.52 0.72 0.60
28 24 0.51 10.77 1.28 0.77 4.15 2.04 1.59
29 16 0.09 7.74 1.70 0.65 4.53 2.13 1.25
44 178 0.04 26.91 1.72 0.88 8.36 2.89 1.68
111 46 0.06 10.91 1.36 0.62 3.65 1.91 1.41

Le Plaque
Summary statistics for the uncapped 1m composites produced for the 2019 Le Plaque MRE
are presented in Table 14-32.

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Table 14-32: Le Plaque - Summary statistics for 1 m Au composites by domain

Domain No. Samples Min Value Max Value Mean Median Variance Std. Dev CoV
1 626 0.005 161.66 3.93 0.93 158.64 12.60 3.20
2 585 0.010 118.78 3.77 0.99 104.15 10.21 2.71
3 195 0.012 103.30 1.99 0.53 63.38 7.96 4.01
4 200 0.019 98.64 5.63 0.79 230.55 15.18 2.70
5 78 0.009 15.50 1.03 0.50 4.05 2.01 1.95
6 50 0.005 82.61 4.63 0.05 177.01 13.30 2.87
21 649 0.005 288.19 7.11 1.25 411.07 20.27 2.85
22 156 0.012 75.23 5.21 1.55 91.29 9.55 1.83
23 73 0.010 22.86 2.69 0.82 17.87 4.23 1.57
24 305 0.005 94.68 5.36 1.24 128.96 11.36 2.12
25 86 0.022 71.70 2.28 0.72 59.94 7.74 3.39
26 26 0.005 10.63 2.23 1.03 6.34 2.52 1.13
27 154 0.013 20.70 2.24 1.02 10.94 3.31 1.48
28 92 0.059 152.60 6.53 2.19 290.83 17.05 2.61
29 121 0.085 17.00 1.62 0.91 6.52 2.55 1.58
30 194 0.010 54.00 3.72 1.16 62.63 7.91 2.13
31 183 0.040 33.70 2.10 0.92 16.40 4.05 1.93
32 86 0.018 29.25 2.77 0.47 31.84 5.64 2.04
33 27 0.140 13.32 2.96 1.02 14.13 3.76 1.27
34 51 0.014 16.04 2.56 0.84 15.32 3.91 1.53
34 65 0.050 45.30 3.03 1.21 42.06 6.49 2.14
36 75 0.040 29.17 2.63 0.99 23.89 4.89 1.86
37 90 0.020 18.70 2.50 0.88 15.16 3.89 1.56
38 109 0.053 48.10 2.05 0.70 25.31 5.03 2.46
39 41 0.123 9.54 1.75 1.22 3.55 1.88 1.08
41 52 0.019 27.47 2.34 0.58 18.26 4.27 1.83
101 167 0.058 16.89 1.57 0.75 5.90 2.43 1.55
102 74 0.050 9.57 0.86 0.42 2.39 1.55 1.80
103 75 0.080 16.60 0.91 0.58 3.67 1.92 2.10
104 265 0.013 20.59 0.94 0.52 3.54 1.88 2.00

Verse Ouest & Teckraie

In contrast to most of the in-situ deposits at Ity, the ‘fixed length’ algorithm was used in Surpac
for compositing at Verse Ouest and Teckraie, with a minimum of 50% passing (or 0.5m). The
1m composites for Au_ppm were extracted separately for each domain and by drilling type,
including DD (Diamond), RC (Reverse Circulation) and AC (Air Core).
A comparison of the composite data by drilling method for the rock dump material (domain 100)
is shown in Figure 14-36. This log probability plot shows very similar sample populations for
the three drilling methods and permitted the combination of drilling type data for the purpose of
grade estimation.

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Figure 14-36: Verse Ouest and Teckraie - Log-probability plot of composites within
Domain 100 by drilling type (RC = black; DDH = red; AC = green) (Image
source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Raw statistics for the 1m composite samples within the mineralised domains for gold and the
minor attributes are detailed in Table 14-33 to Table 14-35.

Table 14-33: Verse Ouest and Teckraie - Summary statistics for 1 m Au composites by
domain
Domain 100 200 300
Number 25,734 186 588
Min 0.01 0.60 0.03
Max 100.00 38.00 63.87
Mean 0.98 5.59 0.52
Std Dev 1.59 5.14 2.66
CV 1.62 0.92 5.13
Percentiles
10% 0.31 1.84 0.10
20% 0.41 2.42 0.14
30% 0.51 2.93 0.18
40% 0.61 3.38 0.22
50% 0.73 4.04 0.27
60% 0.86 4.73 0.35
70% 1.03 6.15 0.44
80% 1.27 7.33 0.58
90% 1.74 10.56 0.87
95% 2.32 15.55 1.21
97.50% 3.17 19.46 1.54
99% 4.58 27.94 2.46

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Table 14-34: Verse Ouest and Teckraie - Summary statistics for 1 m Cu and S
composites by domain
Domain 100 200 300 100 200 300
Assay Cu Cu Cu S S S
Number 13848 173 157 2767 14 149
Min 7 468 47 0.03 0.19 0.03
Max 15,640 20,840 1,823 5.45 2.72 2.50
Mean 846 6,128 389 0.11 1.75 0.08
Std Dev 873 4,918 347 0.42 0.60 0.35
CV 1 1 1 3.83 0.34 4.49
Percentiles
10% 224 1,110 88 0.03 0.61 0.03
20% 335 1,585 120 0.03 1.37 0.03
30% 436 2,587 177 0.03 1.55 0.03
40% 537 3,301 212 0.03 1.66 0.03
50% 651 5,273 285 0.03 1.75 0.03
60% 776 6,200 352 0.03 1.80 0.03
70% 932 8,288 419 0.03 1.89 0.03
80% 1,152 9,640 562 0.03 2.21 0.03
90% 1,560 12,920 903 0.03 2.30 0.03
95% 2,050 17,112 1,119 0.21 2.43 0.03
97.50% 2,738 19,506 1,288 2.32 2.58 0.20
99% 3,966 20,000 1,652 2.50 2.66 2.50

Table 14-35: Verse Ouest and Teckraie - Summary statistics for 1 m Ag and Cu_CN
composites by domain
Domain 100 200 300 100 200 300
Assay Ag Ag Ag Cu_CN Cu_CN Cu_CN
Number 2767 14 149 5027 23 8
Min 0.15 2.30 0.15 0.0 13.2 0.0
Max 94.50 26.00 13.00 4970.6 4638.6 21.8
Mean 2.51 7.72 1.56 80.8 1956.9 4.7
Std Dev 4.51 6.81 2.03 332.5 1495.1 8.3
CV 1.80 0.88 1.31 4.1 0.8 1.8
Percentiles
10% 0.50 2.34 0.15 0.5 212.3 0.0
20% 0.73 3.20 0.15 1.5 520.0 0.1
30% 1.00 4.36 0.30 3.0 634.1 0.1
40% 1.20 4.66 0.60 5.8 778.6 0.2
50% 1.40 5.40 1.00 10.2 1363.2 0.4
60% 1.70 6.34 1.20 17.4 2781.5 0.6
70% 2.26 6.40 1.50 28.0 3068.6 0.8
80% 3.00 7.28 2.52 49.1 3424.5 6.0
90% 5.00 15.62 3.42 112.1 3736.5 15.2
95% 7.60 21.73 5.44 271.9 3938.4 18.5
97.50% 10.98 23.87 8.43 682.1 4252.9 20.2
99% 18.44 25.15 8.73 1815.4 4484.3 21.1

Aires Leach Pad

Summary statistics for the 1m downhole composites produced for the Aires leach pad are
presented in Table 14-36, along with the corresponding log-probability plot in Figure 14-37.

Table 14-36: Aires - Summary statistics for 2.5 m downhole Au composites by domain
Domain 11 1-2 3–7 8
Number 571 5017 5845 579
Minimum 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.02
Maximum 17.20 64.70 89.70 25.40
Mean 0.69 1.38 0.88 1.43
Std. dev. 1.05 2.04 1.77 1.69
Coeff. Var 1.10 4.15 3.13 2.86

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Figure 14-37: Aires - Log-probability plot of 1 m gold composites for each group of
domains (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

14.5 Exploratory Data Analysis and Grade Thresholds

During the 2019 MRE Update for Mont Ity to Walter, diffusion tests were undertaken on gold
grade by Cube Consulting (Figure 14-38 through Figure 14-40). These are tests based on
indicator variable variograms, defined at a range of threshold grades across the grade
distribution. When the cross-variogram of two of the indicators is divided by the variogram of
the lower grade indicator, a measure of the diffusivity between the thresholds is obtained. If the
quotient has a slope, this indicates that the grade is transitioning in a gradational fashion. This
was observed to be the case for all of the domains tested, to a greater or lesser extent. This
result justifies the use of so-called non-linear Discrete Gaussian methods for estimation, such
as the Localised Uniform Conditioning (“LUC”) used in this case.

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Figure 14-38: Mont Ity to Walter - Diffusion Test for gold grade based on 1 m
Composites – Domain 101– the right diagonal shows the indicator
variograms at various threshold grades, and the remainder of the matrix
shows the quotient of the indicator cross-variograms and variograms
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-39: Mont Ity to Walter - Diffusion Test for gold grade based on 1 m
Composites – Domain 201– the right diagonal shows the indicator
variograms at various threshold grades, and the remainder of the matrix
shows the quotient of the indicator cross-variograms and variograms
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-40: Mont Ity to Walter - Diffusion Test for gold grade based on 1m Composites
– Domain 301– the right diagonal shows the indicator variograms at
various threshold grades, and the remainder of the matrix shows the
quotient of the indicator cross-variograms and variograms (Image
source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Gold grade caps for the Mont Ity to Walter (2019) estimate were applied per
mineralisation/estimation domain, based primarily on examination of the gold distribution for
each, (i.e. noting the point at which the upper tail of the distribution loses support), and also
taking into account the variability of the domain in question, as well as the presence of any
spatially isolated outliers.
The grade caps and relevant statistics are listed in Table 14-37. The naïve statistics show that
the effect of the caps is not material, especially in the larger, economically material domains.
The risk associated with the capping process was therefore considered to be low by Cube
Consulting (2019).

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Table 14-37: Mont Ity to Walter - gold grade caps implemented for estimation
Top No. Uncut Cut %diff
Zone Domain Number Uncut CoV Cut CoV
Cut Cut Mean Mean Mean
101 4,919 20 13 0.99 0.98 -1.4% 2.27 2.15
102 2,878 25 8 0.98 0.94 -4.5% 3.29 2.73
103 1,856 8 5 0.49 0.37 -23.0% 6.47 1.56
FRESH 104 1,407 12 6 0.67 0.64 -4.3% 2.31 1.86
105 460 8 2 0.44 0.42 -3.9% 2.56 2.29
106 172 No Cut 0 0.49 0.49 0.0% 1.30 1.30
107 234 7 3 0.60 0.53 -11.3% 2.56 1.88
201 55,253 80 59 1.62 1.57 -3.2% 4.11 3.34
202 10,236 40 11 0.87 0.84 -3.3% 3.40 2.75
203 6,567 70 10 1.15 1.05 -8.6% 6.06 3.97
204 4,790 50 5 0.73 0.70 -4.4% 4.57 3.53
CLAY
205 4,243 10 3 0.41 0.41 -1.2% 2.15 1.99
206 6,506 25 9 0.82 0.79 -4.5% 3.09 2.11
207 598 15 3 0.63 0.62 -2.4% 2.86 2.69
208 190 No Cut 0 0.83 0.83 0.0% 0.93 0.93
LATERITE 301 9,699 20 10 0.87 0.83 -4.3% 3.18 1.66
HALO OxTr 901 32,367 12 16 0.22 0.21 -4.1% 4.22 2.49
HALO Fr 902 31,042 18 18 0.19 0.18 -6.3% 6.19 4.11

For the 2017 Colline Sud MRE, a 30g/tAu grade cap was applied to all domains, whereas
variable top cuts were applied by domain for all other MREs in accordance with the process
described above. Summaries of capped composite statistics, split by domain, are presented
for each deposit in Table 14-38 to Table 14-46.

Table 14-38: Summary statistics for 2 m capped gold composites by domain at Zia NE
(2017 Cube Consulting MRE)
Domain 100 200 301 400 500 999
Number 350 4,337 1,231 413 531 6,068
Minimum 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Maximum 41.95 253.28 39.32 11.72 53.91 29.60
Mean 0.84 1.09 1.11 0.48 1.05 0.17
Median 0.29 0.39 0.71 0.28 0.36 0.09
Std Dev 2.66 4.96 2.09 0.90 3.18 0.74
Variance 7.07 24.63 4.35 0.80 10.11 0.54
Coeff Var 3.17 4.57 1.89 1.87 3.02 4.22
Top Cut 10 30 15 8 20 8
Number Cut 5 10 6 2 3 6
Percentile Cut 98.5 99 99 99 99 99
Cut Mean 0.73 0.99 1.05 0.47 0.96 0.16
Cut Median 0.29 0.39 0.71 0.28 0.36 0.09
Cut Std Dev 1.46 2.47 1.44 0.79 2.16 0.39
Cut Variance 2.13 6.09 2.08 0.62 4.66 0.15
Cut Coeff Var 1.99 2.49 1.37 1.68 2.24 2.42

Table 14-39: Summary statistics for 2 m capped gold composites by domain at

Bakatouo (2017 Cube Consulting MRE)
Domain 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
Number 1,273 888 102 32 97 602 213 529 67
Minimum 0.02 0.01 0.08 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.12
Maximum 72.85 56.95 11.62 14.70 7.80 43.50 115.3 198.2 18.4
Mean 2.62 2.16 0.84 1.87 0.88 1.57 2.21 2.72 1.41
Median 0.67 0.80 0.48 0.62 0.46 0.51 0.47 0.49 0.42
Std Dev 5.51 3.69 1.41 2.93 1.19 3.72 9.25 11.80 3.04
Variance 30.35 13.59 1.99 8.58 1.41 13.86 85.50 139.2 9.26
Coeff Var 2.10 1.71 1.68 1.57 1.35 2.38 4.19 4.35 2.15
Top Cut 30 30 5 6 None 20 20 40 10
Number Cut 6 2 2 2 5 5 7 2
Percentile Cut 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
Cut Mean 2.55 2.12 0.76 1.54 0.88 1.45 1.53 2.15 1.24
Cut Median 0.67 0.8 0.48 0.62 0.46 0.51 0.47 0.49 0.42
Cut Std Dev 4.97 3.28 0.95 1.75 1.19 2.76 3.51 6.1 2.21
Cut Variance 24.72 10.78 0.89 3.08 1.41 7.6 12.33 37.23 4.87
Cut Coeff Var 1.95 1.55 1.24 1.14 1.34 1.9 2.3 2.84 1.79

Table 14-40: Summary statistics for 2 m capped gold composites by domain at

Bakatouo cont. (2017 Cube Consulting MRE)
Domain 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Number 1,019 185 382 58 29 359 117 340 352
Minimum 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.13 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.01
Maximum 38.39 152.82 30.37 1.27 2.53 33.76 7.06 248.4 21.5
Mean 1.83 2.57 1.21 0.47 0.90 1.39 1.10 3.46 1.41
Median 0.64 0.44 0.62 0.41 0.57 0.74 0.69 0.60 0.52
Std Dev 3.74 12.28 2.19 0.25 0.78 2.44 1.16 20.38 2.69
Variance 14.01 150.69 4.81 0.07 0.61 5.96 1.35 415.30 7.24
Coeff Var 2.04 4.77 1.81 0.54 0.87 1.76 1.06 5.88 1.90
Top Cut 20 30 10 None None 15 None 30 None

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Domain 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Number Cut 10 3 2 2 5
Percentile Cut 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
Cut Mean 1.78 1.76 1.14 0.47 0.9 1.33 1.1 1.73 1.41
Cut Median 0.64 0.44 0.62 0.41 0.57 0.74 0.69 0.6 0.52
Cut Std Dev 3.35 4.5 1.53 0.25 0.78 1.88 1.16 4.3 2.69
Cut Variance 11.2 20.24 2.34 0.06 0.61 3.53 1.35 18.45 7.24
Cut Coeff Var 1.89 2.56 1.34 0.54 0.87 1.41 1.06 2.49 1.9

Table 14-41: Summary statistics for 2m capped gold composites by domain at

Bakatouo cont. (2017 Cube Consulting MRE)
Domain 119 120 121 122 201 301 302 999
Number 59 438 5 6 127 141 76 15,546
Minimum 0.06 0.03 0.57 0.41 0.06 0.03 0.08 0.01
Maximum 55.09 63.40 0.89 2.43 3.76 4.67 8.99 106.56
Mean 4.27 1.80 0.69 1.09 0.53 0.84 1.17 0.17
Median 0.94 0.48 0.61 0.54 0.33 0.58 0.64 0.09
Std Dev 9.34 4.90 0.13 0.77 0.55 0.82 1.56 0.96
Variance 87.22 23.98 0.02 0.60 0.30 0.68 2.43 0.91
Coeff Var 2.19 2.73 0.19 0.71 1.04 0.98 1.33 5.79
Top Cut 20 25 None None None None None 10
Number Cut 2 3 5
Percentile Cut 99.00 99.00 99.00 99.00 99.00 99.00 99.00 99.00
Cut Mean 3.34 1.65 0.68 1.09 0.53 0.84 1.17 0.16
Cut Median 0.94 0.48 0.61 0.54 0.33 0.58 0.64 0.09
Cut Std Dev 5.36 3.55 0.13 0.77 0.55 0.82 1.56 0.36
Cut Variance 28.74 12.62 0.02 0.6 0.3 0.68 2.43 0.13
Cut Coeff Var 1.6 2.15 0.19 0.71 1.04 0.98 1.33 2.31

Table 14-42: Summary statistics for 2m capped gold composites by domain at Daapleu
(2017 Cube Consulting MRE)
Domain 100 150 200 301 400 500 999
Number 100 95 1720 474 6658 50 10741
Minimum 0.005 0.088 0.009 0.005 0.005 0.052 0.005
Maximum 8.20 3.60 35.55 6.42 33.96 7.76 6.83
Mean 0.88 0.71 2.24 0.33 0.94 0.64 0.07
Median 0.52 0.55 1.07 0.14 0.64 0.33 0.02
Std Dev 1.15 0.61 3.47 0.55 1.32 1.19 0.20
Variance 1.32 0.37 12.02 0.30 1.75 1.42 0.04
Coeff Var 1.31 0.86 1.55 1.67 1.41 1.87 2.89
Top Cut 6 2.5 25 5 15 3 3
Number Cut 1 4 5 1 11 1 9
Percentile Cut 99 97 99 99 99 99 99
Cut Mean 0.85 0.68 2.22 0.33 0.93 0.54 0.07
Cut Median 0.52 0.55 1.07 0.14 0.64 0.33 0.02
Cut Std Dev 1.02 0.51 3.36 0.52 1.17 0.70 0.16
Cut Variance 1.04 0.26 11.28 0.27 1.38 0.49 0.02
Cut Coeff Var 1.19 0.75 1.51 1.59 1.26 1.29 2.33

Table 14-43: Summary statistics for 2m capped gold composites by domain at

Gbéitouo (2017 Cube Consulting MRE)
Domain 100 101 999
Number 850 735 3,566
Minimum 0.01 0.01 0.01
Maximum 28.56 16.58 2.21
Mean 1.36 0.57 0.05
Median 0.62 0.36 0.02
Std Dev 2.12 0.87 0.11
Variance 4.47 0.76 0.01
Coeff Var 1.56 1.53 2.08
Top Cut 15 8 1
Number Cut 2 1 9
Percentile Cut 99.88 99.99 99.78
Cut Mean 1.33 0.56 0.05
Cut Median 0.62 0.36 0.02
Cut Std Dev 1.86 0.70 0.09
Cut Variance 3.44 0.49 0.01
Cut Coeff Var 1.39 1.25 1.76

Table 14-44: Capped composite statistics by domain for the Colline Sud (2017) MRE
Domain No. Samples Min Value Max Value Mean Median Variance Std. Dev CoV
1 48 0.02 25.03 1.71 0.68 13.47 3.67 2.15
2 25 0.03 23.74 3.02 0.55 40.43 6.36 2.11
3 22 0.19 5.69 1.55 0.92 2.28 1.51 0.98
4 43 0.12 30.00 3.37 0.75 56.95 7.55 2.24
5 126 0.03 7.25 1.11 0.79 1.31 1.14 1.03
6 136 0.02 9.84 1.29 0.81 2.54 1.59 1.23
7 209 0.04 28.65 1.80 0.99 7.99 2.83 1.57
8 155 0.04 30.00 3.66 1.05 51.09 7.15 1.95

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Domain No. Samples Min Value Max Value Mean Median Variance Std. Dev CoV
9 151 0.05 13.98 1.67 0.94 3.71 1.93 1.15
10 152 0.06 30.00 3.01 0.82 36.31 6.03 2.00
11 81 0.08 30.00 2.59 0.78 30.79 5.55 2.15
13 40 0.12 3.99 1.15 0.70 1.09 1.05 0.91
14 41 0.02 2.16 0.71 0.65 0.19 0.44 0.62
16 57 0.02 9.48 1.17 0.79 1.63 1.28 1.10
18 70 0.10 25.75 1.90 0.82 13.63 3.69 1.94
20 66 0.07 30.00 2.32 0.87 27.24 5.22 2.25
22 100 0.01 25.15 1.79 0.92 9.23 3.04 1.70
23 41 0.19 19.91 2.31 0.98 12.24 3.50 1.51
24 11 0.22 1.68 0.60 0.51 0.14 0.37 0.62
25 22 0.11 27.01 3.14 0.95 31.44 5.61 1.79
26 12 0.66 1.91 0.94 0.76 0.14 0.37 0.39
27 40 0.34 3.28 1.20 0.96 0.52 0.72 0.60
28 24 0.51 10.77 1.28 0.77 4.15 2.04 1.59
29 16 0.09 7.74 1.70 0.65 4.53 2.13 1.25
44 178 0.04 26.91 1.72 0.88 8.36 2.89 1.68
111 46 0.06 10.91 1.36 0.62 3.65 1.91 1.41

Table 14-45: Capped composite statistics by domain for the Le Plaque (2019) MRE
Domain No. Samples Min Value Max Value Mean Median Variance Std. Dev CoV
1 626 0.005 25.00 2.76 0.93 26.38 5.14 1.86
2 585 0.010 25.00 3.01 0.99 26.54 5.15 1.71
3 195 0.012 25.00 1.57 0.53 12.47 3.53 2.25
4 200 0.019 15.00 2.86 0.79 20.94 4.58 1.60
5 78 0.009 15.00 1.03 0.50 3.87 1.97 1.92
6 50 0.005 15.00 2.58 0.05 23.71 4.87 1.89
21 649 0.005 40.00 5.24 1.25 89.45 9.46 1.80
22 156 0.012 15.00 3.98 1.55 24.26 4.93 1.24
23 73 0.010 15.00 2.53 0.82 12.60 3.55 1.41
24 305 0.005 25.00 4.27 1.24 48.48 6.96 1.63
25 86 0.022 25.00 1.74 0.72 9.61 3.10 1.78
26 26 0.005 10.63 2.23 1.03 6.34 2.52 1.13
27 154 0.013 20.70 2.24 1.02 10.94 3.31 1.48
28 92 0.059 25.00 4.79 2.19 37.75 6.14 1.28
29 121 0.085 17.00 1.62 0.91 6.52 2.55 1.58
30 194 0.010 25.00 3.17 1.16 28.31 5.32 1.68
31 183 0.040 20.00 1.99 0.92 11.69 3.42 1.71
32 86 0.018 20.00 2.48 0.47 19.29 4.39 1.77
33 27 0.140 13.32 2.96 1.02 14.13 3.76 1.27
34 51 0.014 16.04 2.56 0.84 15.32 3.91 1.53
34 65 0.050 20.00 2.58 1.21 16.18 4.02 1.56
36 75 0.040 20.00 2.39 0.99 13.70 3.70 1.55
37 90 0.020 18.70 2.50 0.88 15.16 3.89 1.56
38 109 0.053 20.00 1.79 0.70 8.74 2.96 1.65
39 41 0.123 9.54 1.75 1.22 3.55 1.88 1.08
41 52 0.019 20.00 2.20 0.58 12.09 3.48 1.58
101 167 0.058 10.00 1.48 0.75 3.68 1.92 1.30
102 74 0.050 9.57 0.86 0.42 2.39 1.55 1.80
103 75 0.080 10.00 0.82 0.58 1.48 1.22 1.48
104 265 0.013 10.00 0.87 0.52 1.53 1.24 1.42

Table 14-46: Capped composite statistics by domain for the Aires (2019) MRE
Domain 11 1-2 3–7 8
Number 571 5017 5845 579
Minimum 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.02
Maximum 5.00 20.00 15.00 8.00
Mean 0.64 1.37 1.43 1.37
Std. dev. 0.61 1.77 1.69 1.24
Coeff. Var 0.37 3.15 2.86 1.53
No. Samples Cut 4 3 7 4

For the 2019 Verse Ouest and Teckraie MRE update, Cube Consulting considered the following
factors in the application of top cuts (grade caps) to composited samples:
• The shape of the gold grade distribution, particularly at the upper tail;
• The spatial distribution of high-grade outliers relative to nearby samples;
• Impact of the top cut on the average grade of the composite samples; and
• Amount of metal removed after top cutting.
Histograms and log-probability plots for Au, split by domain, are shown in Figure 14-41 to Figure
14-43.

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Figure 14-41: Verse Ouest and Teckraie - Histogram and log-probability plot of Domain
100 Au composites (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Figure 14-42: Verse Ouest and Teckraie - Histogram and log-probability plot of Domain
200 Au composites (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Figure 14-43: Verse Ouest and Teckraie - Histogram and log-probability plot of Domain
300 Au composites (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

The gold grade caps chosen by Cube Consulting are summarised in Table 14-47. No caps
were considered necessary for the minor attributes except Ag, which was capped at 50g/tAu.

Table 14-47: Gold grade caps applied to composites within each mineralisation
domain at Verse Ouest and Teckraie
Domain No. Mean Max. CV Top Cut No. Cut Cut Mean Cut CV
100 25734 0.98 100.00 1.62 20 20 0.97 1.11
200 186 5.59 38.00 0.92 25 3 5.49 0.84

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Domain No. Mean Max. CV Top Cut No. Cut Cut Mean Cut CV
300 588 0.52 63.87 5.13 5 2 0.42 1.16

14.6 Bulk Density

Mont Ity to Walter
All available bulk density data were supplied to Cube Consulting by Endeavour. A total of 1,171
records fell within the area of interest, from which 1,139 were located within modelled lithologies
and were extracted for further analysis. The determinations were limited to measurements
undertaken on diamond drill core which had been measured using a standard water
displacement method.
The histogram plots for each lithology type were examined and any low or high density outliers
were excluded, following which a mean density was determined, as listed in Table 14-48.
A density value of 1.30g/cm3 was assigned to any dump material, as per the previous Mineral
Resource estimate. Final block density assignments are listed in Table 14-49.

Table 14-48: Mont Ity to Walter - Dry bulk density sample statistics, top and bottom
cuts and trimmed mean
LithCode 401 501 811 301 101 201 211 901
Lithology Carbonate Diorite IntMafic Laterite MVS OxClay ReduClay Skarn
Number 278 81 9 14 73 261 77 346
Minimum 1.07 1.19 1.64 1.23 2.43 1.02 1.10 1.43
Maximum 3.26 3.99 3.55 2.07 3.27 3.00 2.88 4.70
Mean 2.76 2.65 2.88 1.66 2.82 1.54 1.73 2.93
Median 2.78 2.79 2.94 1.66 2.76 1.55 1.61 2.93
Std Dev 0.22 0.44 0.52 0.24 0.19 0.28 0.43 0.27
Coeff Var 0.08 0.17 0.18 0.14 0.07 0.18 0.25 0.09
Bottom Cut 2.50 2.00 2.50 1.40 None None None 2.40
Top Cut None 3.50 None None None 2.00 2.70 3.50
Trimmed
2.79 2.76 2.80 1.73 2.82 1.51 1.67 2.95
Mean

Table 14-49: Mont Ity to Walter - Final density assignments in the block model
Lithology (LithCode) Density Assignment (g/cm3)
Carbonate (401) 2.79
Diorite (501) 2.76
Intrusive Mafic (811) 2.80
Laterite (301) 1.73
MVS (101) 2.82
Oxidised Clay (201) 1.51
Reduced Clay (211) 1.67
Skarn (901) 2.95
Dump (1) 1.30
Air (0) 0

Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu and Gbéitouo

The 2017 MRE Update for the Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu and Gbéitouo deposits all used the
2016 DFS bulk density dataset(s) based on weathering states of different materials. Additional
density measurements conducted on diamond drill hole samples between the 2016 DFS and
the 2017 MRE Update were included in the density databases for Daapleu and Bakatouo,
bringing the total number of measurements for these deposits to 2,038 and 1,127, respectively.
The density values applied to these four deposits are listed in Table 14-50.

Table 14-50: Average density values applied (by logged lithology type and oxidation
state) for the 2017 MREs at Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu and Gbéitouo
Density used for estimation (g/cm3)
Ox_State
Zia NE Bakatouo Daapleu Gbéitouo
0 – Air 0 0 0 0
1 – Fresh Rock 2.52 2.82 2.69 2.75
2 – Transition 1.69 1.51 1.79 1.57
3 - Oxide 1.50 1.4 1.65 1.61
4 - Laterite - 1.62 1.61 -

Colline Sud
Density measurements conducted on six different lithologies at Colline Sud were averaged and
applied to the block model in accordance with the values presented in Table 14-51.

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Table 14-51: Average density values applied (by lithology) in the 2017 Colline Sud MRE
Lithology Density used for estimation (g/cm3)
AO 1.4
AR 1.5
CARB 2.8
IM 2.8
LAT 1.5
VS 2.8

Le Plaque
A total of 2,224 density determination measurements were undertaken on diamond drill core
which had been wax coated and measured using the standard water displacement method.
The measurements were grouped by logged lithology type and oxidation state to form the basis
for assignment of in-situ bulk density to the Le Plaque deposits. Table 14-52 summarises the
mean bulk density determinations by weathering domain as well as the number of
measurements taken.

Table 14-52: Average Le Plaque bulk density values by weathering domain

Weathering Density (g/cm3) Number of Measurements
Laterite 1.50 25
Saprolite 1.45 97
Transition 2.45 46
Fresh 2.80 1,691

Verse Ouest & Teckraie

No further density measurements were undertaken at Verse Ouest & Teckraie subsequent to
the 2017 MRE. As such, the same density values were assigned by facies/domain, based on a
total of 94 determinations, as detailed in Table 14-53 and
Lithology Rock Dump Laterite Oxide Clay
Facies 701 301 201
Assigned Density 1.30 1.50 1.50

Table 14-54.

Table 14-53: Summary of stats for bulk density determinations (g/cm3) at Verse Ouest
& Teckraie
Lithology Rock Dump Laterite Oxide Clay
Facies 701 301 201
Assigned Density 1.30 1.50 1.50

Table 14-54: Assigned bulk density values (g/cm3), split by facies at Verse Ouest &
Teckraie
Laterite Teckraie Verse Ouest
Facies 301 701 701
No. 54 25 15
Min. 1.12 1.08 1.58
Max. 2.83 1.90 3.11
Mean 1.66 1.40 1.83
Median 1.65 1.34 1.72
CoV 0.19 0.16 0.20

Aires Leach Pad

Based on the average of 101 determinations from diamond drill core, technogenic material at
the Aires leach pad was assigned a uniform density of 1.4g/cm3. Basic statistics for the density
measurements undertaken at Aires are summarised in Table 14-55.

Table 14-55: Summary statistics for bulk density measurements (g/cm3) at Aires
Number Minimum Maximum Mean Median Std. Dev. CoV
101 1.0 2.0 1.4 1.3 0.2 0.1

14.7 Geostatistical Analysis

Mont Ity to Walter
Cube Consulting used all available drilling data (including GC) for variogram modelling at Mont
Ity to Walter in order to most accurately represent grade continuity over short scales. Capped
composite data was transformed into Gaussian space for modelling, before being back-
transformed to real space for estimation. This process aimed to reduce the influence of

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statistical outliers on the interpreted grade continuity in three dimensions.

Modelled trend surfaces following the major northwesterly dipping structures (Figure 14-10)
were used to guide search orientations, including through the clay – fresh rock contact which
was interpreted as a grade-controlling feature in previous Mineral Resource estimations.
In all cases, the major and semi-major axis ranges were modelled with equal ranges, with
experimental variograms showing no compelling evidence of significant anisotropy within the
plane of maximum continuity.
Variogram model parameters are summarised in Table 14-56 (sills normalised to 100%).
Example Gaussian-transformed and back-transformed variograms for one domain (Domain
101) are presented in Figure 14-44 and Figure 14-45, respectively. The rotation specifies the
plane of maximum continuity.

Table 14-56: Mont Ity to Walter gold variogram model parameters by domain
Isatis Rotation
Spherical 1 Spherical 2
(Geol. Plane)
Domain Nugget
major semi minor major semi minor
sill sill A +X -Z
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
101 29.8% 50.9% 11 11 5 19.3% 30 30 18 230 40 0
102 30.7% 48.6% 12 12 6 20.7% 60 60 15 225 35 0
103 27.9% 41.6% 11 11 5 30.5% 40 40 14 230 40 0
104 25.8% 40.4% 10 10 3 33.7% 57 57 6 225 50 0
105 27.6% 31.3% 12 12 4 41.0% 46 46 10 220 35 0
106 21.8% 29.2% 12 12 4 49.0% 48 48 10 220 40 0
107 28.4% 45.2% 8 8 4 26.4% 30 30 10 210 30 0
201 26.4% 65.3% 10 10 4 8.3% 76 76 16 230 30 0
202 27.1% 57.6% 10 10 4 15.3% 60 60 8 220 35 0
203 25.0% 60.8% 8 8 4 14.2% 33 33 11 220 35 0
204 33.3% 60.4% 9 9 4 6.3% 60 60 12 250 50 0
205 20.1% 68.4% 11 11 4 11.5% 70 70 12 230 45 0
206 24.8% 64.4% 5 5 2 10.9% 35 35 6 220 60 0
207 23.7% 52.1% 8 8 4 24.2% 23 23 11 220 50 0
208 13.7% 47.7% 10 10 5 38.6% 25 25 12 230 65 0
301 17.0% 36.2% 50 50 5 46.8% 450 450 15 0 0 0
901 29.0% 59.4% 23 23 7 11.6% 230 230 20 225 35 0
902 35.4% 54.9% 28 28 7 9.7% 450 450 25 225 40 0

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Figure 14-44: Example Gaussian-transformed gold variogram for Domain 101 – Mont Ity
to Walter (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-45: Example back-transformed gold variogram for Domain 101 – Mont Ity to
Walter (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Zia NE, Daapleu, Bakatouo and Gbéitouo

Variography was conducted by Cube Consulting during the 2017 MRE Update using the same
methodology as outlined above, with the relative variogram model parameters summarised in
Table 14-57 to Table 14-60 and example Gaussian- and back-transformed variograms for Zia
NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu and Gbéitouo presented in Figure 14-46 to Figure 14-49, respectively.

Table 14-57: Zia NE gold relative variogram model parameters by domain

Isatis Rotation (Geol.
Spherical 1 Spherical 2
Plane)
Domain Nugget
major semi minor major semi minor
sill sill A +X -Z
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
100 0.351 0.382 10 10 5 0.267 30 30 10 225 50 0
150 0.298 0.464 10 10 4 0.238 44 44 9 225 50 0
200 0.327 0.483 10 10 4 0.190 63 63 8 225 50 0
301 0.349 0.372 10 10 5 0.279 36 36 10 225 50 0
400 0.262 0.476 8 8 3 0.262 28 28 6 225 50 0
500 0.162 0.415 10 10 8 0.423 81 81 12 225 50 0
999 0.100 0.600 15 15 12 0.300 175 175 18 225 50 0

Table 14-58: Bakatouo gold relative variogram model parameters by domain

Isatis Rotation (Geol.
Spherical 1 Spherical 2
Plane)
Domain Nugget
major semi minor major semi minor
sill sill A +X -Z
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
100 0.351 0.382 10 10 5 0.267 30 30 10 225 50 0
150 0.298 0.464 10 10 4 0.238 44 44 9 225 50 0
200 0.327 0.483 10 10 4 0.190 63 63 8 225 50 0
301 0.349 0.372 10 10 5 0.279 36 36 10 225 50 0
400 0.262 0.476 8 8 3 0.262 28 28 6 225 50 0
500 0.162 0.415 10 10 8 0.423 81 81 12 225 50 0
999 0.100 0.600 15 15 12 0.300 175 175 18 225 50 0

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Table 14-59: Daapleu gold relative variogram model parameters by domain

Isatis Rotation (Geol.
Spherical 1 Spherical 2
Plane)
Domain Nugget
major semi minor major semi minor
sill sill A +X -Z
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
100 0.155 0.553 22 22 8 0.292 150 150 15 220 50 0
150 0.136 0.535 22 22 8 0.329 150 150 15 220 50 0
200 0.236 0.298 18 18 8 0.466 116 116 16 220 50 0
301 0.162 0.181 15 15 6 0.657 99 99 12 90 0 0
400 0.198 0.574 21 21 8 0.228 146 146 15 240 55 0
500 0.198 0.513 22 22 8 0.289 148 148 15 220 50 0
999 0.290 0.444 30 30 12 0.266 550 550 50 240 55 0

Table 14-60: Gbéitouo gold relative variogram model parameters by domain

Isatis Rotation
Spherical 1 Spherical 2 Spherical 3
(Geol. Plane)
Domain Nugget
major semi minor major semi minor major semi minor
sill sill sill A +X -Z
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
100 0.345 0.32 3 3 3 0.19 28 28 10 0.14 70 70 20 210 50 -180
101 0.318 0.35 8 8 5 0.21 25 25 15 0.12 50 50 20 215 50 -180
999 0.339 0.45 25 25 20 0.21 110 110 30 0.00 0 0 0 210 50 180

Figure 14-46: Example Gaussian- and back-transformed gold variograms for Domain
100 – Zia NE (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

Figure 14-47: Example Gaussian- and back-transformed gold variograms for Domain
101 – Bakatouo (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

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Figure 14-48: Example Gaussian- and back-transformed gold variograms for Domain
200 – Daapleu (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

Figure 14-49: Example Gaussian- and back-transformed gold variograms for Domain
100 – Gbéitouo (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

Colline Sud
A variogram was modelled for a single mineralisation domain (Domain 7 – see Figure 14-50 to
Figure 14-52) which was then applied to all mineralisation domains. The variogram model
parameters used are presented in Table 14-61.

Table 14-61: Colline Sud gold variogram model parameters

Search Ellipse Orientation
Nugget Sill Range
Bearing Plunge Dip
50 6.5 59 0.2 0.8 59

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Figure 14-50: Colline Sud Domain 7 variogram – major axis

Figure 14-51: Colline Sud Domain 7 variogram – semi-major axis

Figure 14-52: Colline Sud Domain 7 variogram – minor axis

Le Plaque
Endeavour’s variogram modelling of the main mineralised zones at the Le Plaque deposit
produced acceptable results. Variography within the more sparsely sampled domains produced
relatively poor results and so average parameters were defined and applied to those domains.
Variogram nugget effects were typically in the range of 0.2-0.5, indicating a moderate to high
degree of short scale variability as might be expected, given the style of gold mineralisation.

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Variogram ranges were typically on the order of 60 m, indicating maximum spatial continuity is
greater than the average drill hole spacing.
Table 14-62 below summarises the variogram model parameters used for the Mineral Resource
estimation. An example variogram (Zone 24) is presented in Figure 14-53.

Table 14-62: Le Plaque gold variogram model parameters used, by domain

Search Ellipse Orientation
Domain Nugget Sill Range
Bearing Plunge Dip
1 39 -45 0 0.45 0.5 75
2 39 -40 0 0.45 0.5 75
3 42 -45 0 0.45 0.5 75
4 274 -45 0 0.45 0.5 75
5 297 -57 0 0.45 0.5 75
6 37 -40 0 0.45 0.5 75
21 315 -85 0 0.2 1.1 75
22 305 -75 0 0.2 1.1 75
23 315 -85 0 0.2 1.1 75
24 22 -42 0 0.32 0.92 75
25 140 -86 0 0.2 1.1 75
26 315 -53 0 0.2 1.1 75
27 282 -82 0 0.2 1.1 75
28 291 -72 0 0.2 1.1 75
29 315 -50 0 0.2 1.1 75
30 310 -53 0 0.2 1.1 75
31 310 -80 0 0.2 1 45
32 120 -90 0 0.2 1 45
33 308 -86 0 0.2 1 45
34 308 -87 0 0.2 1 45
34 313 -67 0 0.2 1 45
36 322 -45 0 0.2 1 45
37 311 -57 0 0.2 1 45
38 306 -71 0 0.2 1 45
39 340 -47 0 0.2 1 45
41 305 -72 0 0.2 1 45
101 130 0 0 0.2 1.1 75
102 45 0 0 0.2 1.1 75
103 45 0 0 0.2 1.1 75
104 45 0 0 0.2 1.1 75

Figure 14-53: Example gold variogram for Zone 24 (major axis) - Le Plaque

Verse Ouest & Teckraie

During the 2019 MRE update for the dumps, Cube Consulting utilised the following variography
workflow:
• Calculation and modelling of the omni-directional or downhole variogram to characterise the
Nugget Effect.
• Systematic calculation of orientated variograms in three dimensions to identify the plane of
greatest continuity.
• Calculation of a fan of variograms within the plane of greatest continuity to identify the
direction of maximum continuity within the plane. Model the variogram in the direction of
maximum continuity and the orthogonal directions.

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Variography was undertaken on the 1m cut composite data for domain 100. In all instances,
variography was undertaken on Normal Scores transformed data and the final variogram
models were back-transformed. The domain 100 variogram models were adopted for both
domain 200 and 300.
A summary of the variogram models for domain 100 is presented in Table 14-63. The gold
variogram models are shown in Figure 14-54.

Table 14-63: Variogram Model Parameters – Domain 100

Spherical 1 Spherical 2
Att B P D Nugget
Sill Range Semi Minor Sill Range Semi Minor
Au 0 0 0 0.54 0.30 15 1 3.8 0.16 75 1 5
Cu 0 0 0 0.22 0.42 15 1 5 0.36 100 1 5
S 0 0 0 0.15 0.65 50 1 2.5 0.21 125 1 3.1
Ag 0 0 0 0.20 0.52 45 1 6.4 0.28 240 1 8.9
Cu_CN 0 0 0 0.22 0.47 18 1 3.6 0.31 135 1 13.5

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Figure 14-54: Gold variograms and parameters for Domain 100 (Source: Cube
Consulting, 2019)

Aires
For the 2019 MRE Update, Cube Consulting undertook variography analysis using Snowden
Supervisor software. Modelling was completed on grouped domains using capped data (Table
14-46) that was transformed to normal scores.
Domain 11 was too sparsely sampled to model a meaningful variogram and so the variogram
model for domains 3 – 7 was also used for domain 11.
Variogram parameters for each of the domain groups are presented in Table 14-64 and an
example of the downhole and directional variograms for domains 3-7 presented in Figure 14-55.

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Table 14-64: Aires gold variogram model parameters used, by domain group
Spherical 1 Spherical 2
Domain Nugget Major Major/ Major
sill Major/ semi Sill Major/ semi Major/ minor
(m) minor (m)
1–2 0.07 0.61 10 10 4 0.32 45 45 12
3 – 7, 11 0.10 0.75 15 15 5 0.16 80 80 10
8 0.25 0.54 40 40 6 0.21 100 100 8

Figure 14-55: Example variograms (major, semi-major and minor axes as well as
downhole) for domains 3-7 – Aires (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

14.8 Block Modelling and Grade Estimation

14.8.1 Block Model Definition
Each of the Ity block models was set up in Surpac™ (.mdl format), with grade interpolation
carried out in Surpac™ (Le Plaque, Colline Sud and Verse Ouest & Teckraie), Isatis™ (Mont
Ity to Walter, Zia NE, Daapleu, Bakatouo, Gbéitouo) or Cube Consulting’s Estimation Control
System (Aires). Following discussions between Endeavour site personnel and Cube
Consulting, a decision was reached to use a 5mE x 5mN x 2.5mRL SMU size block for the
estimation of the deposits using the LUC estimation method (Mont Ity to Walter, Zia NE,
Daapleu, Bakatouo, Gbéitouo), which is considered to be broadly reflective of the anticipated
mining selectivity for mining of the open pit operations. For the deposits estimated by OK
methods (e.g. Le Plaque, Colline Sud and Verse Ouest & Teckraie) a larger block size was
utilised, being approximately 50% of the normal drill hole spacing (25m x 25m) to prevent
unwanted bias. In some instances, a rotated block model was considered most appropriate to
account for the global mineralisation trend.
Block model names for each of the deposits are summarised in Table 14-65, with final block
model parameters summarised in Table 14-66 to Table 14-71.

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Table 14-65: Summary of block model file names

Deposit Block Model File ID
Bakatouo bm_smu_bak_june17.mdl
Daapleu bm_smu_daapleu_june17.mdl
Gbéitouo bm_smu_gbeit_jul16.mdl
Mont Ity/Ity Flat/Walter ity_to_walter_5x5x2p5_sep2019.mdl
Zia NE bm_smu_Zia NE_jul16.mdl
Le Plaque 2019_june_laplaque_model_update.mdl
Colline Sud 2017_bm_colline_sud.mdl
Verse Ouest & Teckraie bm_vo_dumps_jan2019.mdl
Aires bm_aires_cut_jan2019

Table 14-66: Block model parameters for the 2019 Mont Ity to Walter model
Parameter Easting Northing Elevation
Minimum Coordinates 759,435 597,465 -75
Maximum Coordinates 761,935 598,625 325
User Block Size 5 5 2.5
Min. Block Size 2.5 2.5 1.25
Rotation 45 0 0

Table 14-67: Block model parameters for the 2017 MRE Updates for Zia NE, Bakatouo,
Daapleu and Gbéitouo
Type Bakatouo Daapleu Gbéitouo Zia NE
Origin Y (m) 760,800 757,250 760,300 760,400
Origin X (m) 598,700 598900 601,100 597,700
Origin Z (m) 0 -100 50 -100
Extent Northing (m) 1,200 1,950 800 1,000
Extent Easting (m) 900 2,500 600 1,000
Extent RL (m) 300 -450 250 500
Panel Block Y (m) 25 20 25 20
Panel Block X (m) 10 20 25 20
Panel Block Z (m) 5 5 5 5
Sub-Cell Y (m) 5 5 5 5
Sub-Cell X (m) 5 5 5 5
Sub-Cell Z (m) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Discretisation Y 5 6 10 6
Discretisation X 5 6 10 6
Discretisation Z 3 3 3 3
Rotation None None 030 030

Table 14-68: Block model parameters for the 2017 Colline Sud model
Y X Z
Minimum Coordinates 757850 597230 100
Maximum Coordinates 758600 598005 400
User Block Size 10 5 2.5
Min. Block Size 2.5 1.25 0.625
Rotation 40°

Table 14-69: Block model parameters for the 2019 Le Plaque model
Y X Z
Minimum Coordinates 753690 597590 0
Maximum Coordinates 754940 598620 340
User Block Size 10 10 2.5
Min. Block Size 1.25 1.25 2.5
Rotation 0.000 0.000 0.000

Table 14-70: Block model parameters for the 2019 Aires model
Y X Z
Minimum co-ordinates 760350 597500 260
Maximum co-ordinates 761050 598360 400
Parent 10 10 2.5
Subcell 2.5 2.5 1.25
Rotation 0 0 0

Table 14-71: Block model parameters for the 2019 Verse Ouest & Teckraie model
Y X Z
Minimum co-ordinates 759200 597100 250
Maximum co-ordinates 760300 598200 325
Parent 10 10 2.5
Subcell 2.5 2.5 1.25
Rotation 0 0 0

14.8.2 Grade Estimation Parameters

Mont Ity to Walter
The Mineral Resource was estimated using two interpolation methods:
• Ordinary Kriging (“OK”) – OK was used to estimate gold grade inside the GC volume. The
estimation was undertaken separately for the intersection of each estimation domain and

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the GC volume; and

• Localised Uniform Conditioning (“LUC”) – LUC, using all available data was carried out for
the whole volume defined by the estimation domains (see Section 14.3.3).
The final reported gold grade estimate is a combination of the OK GC estimate within the GC
volume, and the LUC estimate outside of the GC volume. Since the GC data only extend at
most a few benches below the pit surface at the time of the estimate, the vast majority of the
Mineral Resource lies within the volume estimated by LUC.
The GC and RDV data combined were used to estimate gold grade, with an OK interpolator,
independently within the intersections of the estimation domains with the GC Volume. This
estimate was undertaken directly into the 5mE x 5mN x 2.5mRL SMU blocks. The search
parameters used are listed in Table 14-72. Dynamic local rotations were used to set the
variogram and search orientations, based on the trend surface interpretations of grade
continuity discussed in Section 14.7.

Table 14-72: Mont Ity to Walter OK GC interpolation search parameters

Domain - GC Search Radii (m) No. Samples Limiting
Volume No. Distance Grade Limiting
max/
Intersection major semi minor min Sectors Limiting? Threshold Distance (m)
sector
(Au g/t)
101 60 60 15 4 3 4 No - -
102 60 60 15 4 3 4 No - -
103 60 60 15 4 3 4 No - -
104 60 60 15 4 3 4 No - -
105 60 60 15 4 3 4 No - -
201 60 60 20 4 3 4 No - -
202 60 60 20 4 3 4 No - -
203 60 60 20 4 3 4 No - -
204 60 60 20 4 3 4 No - -
205 60 60 20 4 3 4 No - -
206 60 60 20 4 3 4 No - -
207 60 60 20 4 3 4 No - -
301 60 60 20 4 2 4 No - -
901 80 80 20 4 3 4 Yes 0.7 17
902 60 60 15 4 3 4 Yes 0.5 20

An OK interpolation into relatively large ‘Panel’ sized blocks (15mX x 15mY x 5mZ) was
undertaken, independently for each estimation domain, using all available composite data
(RDV+GC). This Panel block estimate is a precursor step to a LUC estimate at the smaller
SMU block size. The Panel block size of 15mX x 15mY x 5mZ was chosen according to the
rule-of-thumb that block dimensions should be, at minimum, between one-third and one-half of
the informing data spacing. Also considered was the requirement for the Panel size to be a
multiple of the final SMU size of 5mX x 5mY x 2.5mZ.
The Panel OK estimation search parameters used are listed in Table 14-73. Dynamic local
rotations were used to set the variogram and search orientations, based on the trend surface
interpretations.

Table 14-73: Panel OK interpolation search parameters

Search Radii (m) No. Samples Limiting
Domain - GC
No. Distance Grade Limiting
Volume max/
major semi minor min Sectors Limiting? Threshold Distance (m)
Intersection sector
(Au g/t)
101 120 120 30 8 6 4 No - -
102 100 100 25 8 6 4 No - -
103 80 80 20 8 6 4 No - -
104 100 100 25 8 6 4 No - -
105 80 80 20 8 6 4 No - -
106 120 120 30 8 6 4 No - -
107 140 140 35 8 6 4 No - -
201 75 75 25 8 6 4 No - -
202 75 75 25 8 5 4 No - -
203 60 60 20 8 5 4 No - -
204 60 60 20 8 5 4 No - -
205 60 60 20 8 5 4 No - -
206 60 60 20 8 5 4 No - -
207 60 60 20 8 5 4 No - -
208 60 60 20 8 5 4 No - -
301 150 150 50 6 4 4 No -
901 240 240 60 6 4 4 Yes 0.7 17
902 420 420 105 4 4 4 Yes 0.5 20

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The Panel OK step was followed by a standard Uniform Conditioning (“UC”) estimate of
recoverable resources. The UC resource estimation process attempts to estimate the
recoverable tonnage and grade based on the dimensions of the SMU, which is regarded as
being practically mineable. UC post-processing of the Panel OK results for gold was
implemented for 5mE x 5mN x 2.5mRL SMUs and incorporated an Information Effect correction
based on an assumed ultimate GC drill hole spacing of 8mX x 10mY x 1mRL. The Information
Effect is a theoretical ‘penalty’ adjustment to the SMU grade tonnage distribution to account for
anticipated ore loss and dilution incurred when making mining selectivity decisions based on
GC spaced data – the impact of this correction is typically small. The result of the UC process
is an estimate, per Panel, of the recoverable metal, tonnes and grade at various grade cut-offs,
assuming that SMU sized blocks will be selected for mining. However, the reader should note
that the UC process does not assign grade estimates to individual SMU's within a panel. The
UC grade estimates at a cut-off of 0g/tAu should conform to the OK estimates per Panel, and
this property was used to validate the UC block model.
The UC process applies a Change of Support (“CoS”) correction based on the composite
sample distribution and variogram model, conditioned to the Panel grade estimate, to predict
the likely grade tonnage distribution at the SMU selectivity.
Localised Uniform Conditioning (“LUC”) is a post-processing step that can be applied to UC
estimates to provide indicative SMU scale estimates within each panel (Abzalov, 2006). The
results of the LUC are consistent with the underlying UC estimate on a per-panel basis. LUC
initially requires that local "ranking" SMU estimates are made by some chosen estimation
method. In this case OK, with the search parameters listed in Table 14-74 implemented.
Dynamic local rotations were used to set the variogram and search orientations, based on the
trend surface interpretations.

Table 14-74: SMU ranking OK interpolation parameters

Search Radii (m) No. Samples Limiting
Domain - GC
No. Distance Grade Limiting
Volume max/
major semi minor min Sectors Limiting? Threshold Distance (m)
Intersection sector
(Au g/t)
101 120 120 30 8 4 4 No - -
102 100 100 25 8 4 4 No - -
103 80 80 20 8 4 4 No - -
104 100 100 25 8 4 4 No - -
105 80 80 20 8 4 4 No - -
106 120 120 30 8 4 4 No - -
107 140 140 35 8 4 4 No - -
201 75 75 25 8 4 4 No - -
202 75 75 25 8 3 4 No - -
203 60 60 20 8 3 4 No - -
204 60 60 20 8 3 4 No - -
205 60 60 20 8 3 4 No - -
206 60 60 20 8 3 4 No - -
207 60 60 20 8 3 4 No - -
208 60 60 20 8 3 4 No - -
301 150 150 50 6 3 4 No - -
901 400 400 100 2 3 4 No - -
902 600 600 150 2 3 4 No - -

The local SMU estimates within each panel are ranked in order of increasing grade. A quantile-
quantile type matching of the SMU grade distribution, as determined by UC, with the ranked
SMU's is then made. The OK "ranking" SMU grades are finally replaced by the corresponding
grades from the UC grade distribution. This yields the LUC SMU-scale grade estimates, which
conform exactly to the SMU grade distribution predicted by the UC in panels.
It should be clearly noted that the LUC estimates are typically based on relatively wide spaced
data and are therefore of relatively low confidence at the local scale. They should be considered
indicative of the SMU grade variability that will eventuate when the deposit is grade controlled
and mined. The individual SMU grade estimates are a probabilistic realisation of the grade at
this scale and provide a result which simplifies the mining studies. It would, however, be highly
inadvisable to rely on the LUC estimates for short term mine planning purposes.

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The deleterious elements were interpolated using the Inverse Distance Squared (“ID2”) method.
Cube Consulting considered a more sophisticated interpolation method unnecessary given that
>90% of the composite values used were based on the regression of gold grades. The
interpolation was undertaken independently within each of the gold mineralisation domains, and
thus honours the clay – fresh boundary while also treating the laterite as a separate domain.
Dynamic local rotations are not allowed for ID2 estimation in Isatis™ and therefore fixed
rotations were used per domain.

Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu and Gbéitouo

For the 2017 MRE updates, Cube Consulting employed a combined Ordinary Kriging and
Localised Uniform Conditioning methodology analogous to that outlined above, with estimation
completed in Isatis™. The search neighbourhood parameters used for LUC panel estimation
of gold are presented in Table 14-75 to Table 14-78.
All blocks were estimated in a single search pass and therefore a second search pass was not
implemented. In some instances, the deleterious elements were not estimated within a single
search pass due to the lack of available assay data in comparison to that used for the gold
estimate. Un-estimated blocks were assigned the mean grade for each domain.

Table 14-75: Zia NE search neighbourhood parameters – LUC panel gold grade
estimates
Isatis Rotation
Min Max Search Radii (m) Block Discretisation
Domain Method (Geol. Plane)
Samp Samp
u (major) v (semi) w (minor) E N RL A +X -Z
100 LUC 12 28 120 120 30 6 6 3
200 LUC 12 28 150 150 45 6 6 3
301 LUC 8 22 140 140 40 6 6 3 Dynamic Local
400 LUC 12 28 120 120 30 6 6 3 Rotations
500 LUC 12 28 120 120 30 6 6 3
999 LUC 12 22 250 250 75 6 6 3

Table 14-76: Bakatouo search neighbourhood parameters – LUC panel gold grade
estimates
Isatis Rotation
Search Radii (m) Block Discretisation
(Geol. Plane)
Min Max
Domain Method
Samp Samp -
u (major) v (semi) w (minor) E N RL A +X
Z
101-120 LUC 8 20 60 60 15 5 5 3
201 LUC 8 20 60 60 15 5 5 3 Dynamic Local
301-302 LUC 8 20 60 60 15 5 5 3 Rotations
999 LUC 8 20 60 60 15 5 5 3

Table 14-77: Daapleu search neighbourhood parameters – LUC panel gold grade
estimates
Isatis Rotation
Min Max Search Radii (m) Block Discretisation
Domain Method (Geol. Plane)
Samp Samp
u (major) v (semi) w (minor) E N RL A +X -Z
100 LUC 8 26 260 260 65 6 6 3
150 LUC 8 26 120 120 30 6 6 3
200 LUC 8 24 100 100 25 6 6 3
Dynamic Local
301 LUC 8 18 570 570 190 6 6 3
Rotations
400 LUC 8 16 220 220 55 6 6 3
500 LUC 8 26 140 140 35 6 6 3
999 LUC 8 20 400 400 100 6 6 3

Table 14-78: Gbéitouo search neighbourhood parameters – LUC panel gold grade
estimates
Isatis Rotation
Search Radii (m) Block Discretisation
Min Max (Geol. Plane)
Domain Method
Samples Samples w
u (major) v (semi) E N RL A +X -Z
(minor)
100 LUC 10 28 120 120 30 10 10 3
Dynamic Local
101 LUC 10 26 120 120 30 10 10 3
Rotations
999 LUC 10 26 300 300 75 10 10 3

Colline Sud
Grade interpolation for the 2017 Colline Sud MRE was undertaken by Endeavour, using a
similar Ordinary Kriging methodology to that described above. The search parameters used
are summarised in Table 14-79.

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Table 14-79: Colline Sud search neighbourhood parameters used for OK estimation of
gold grades
Search Pass 1 Search Pass 2
Min. Samples 5 4
Max. Samples 25 20
Search Radius 50 100
Major/ Semi-Major Ratio 2 2
Major/ Minor Ratio 4 4

Le Plaque
Grade interpolation for the 2019 Le Plaque MRE was completed using Ordinary Kriging for each
mineralised domain, based on the 1m downhole composites coded to each domain. Inverse
Distance Squared estimation was done for validation and comparison. All block estimates were
based on grade interpolation into parent cells of 10m (Y) x 10m (X) x 2.5m (Z). Block
discretisation points were set to 3 (Y) x 3 (X) x 3 (Z).
Search ellipse orientations for each domain interpolation were orientated to follow the direction
of the mineralised domain. A two-pass search strategy was employed for grade estimation,
with search parameters summarised by domain in Table 14-80.

Table 14-80: Le Plaque search neighbourhood parameters used for OK estimation of

gold grades
Estimation Pass 1 Estimation Pass 2
Domain Min. Max. Search Major/ Semi- Major/ Min. Max. Search Major/ Semi- Major/
Samples Samples Radius Major Ratio Minor Ratio Samples Samples Radius Major Ratio Minor Ratio
1 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
2 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
3 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
4 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
5 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
6 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
21 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
22 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
23 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
24 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
25 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
26 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
27 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
28 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
29 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
30 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
31 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
32 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
33 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
34 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
34 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
36 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
37 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
38 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
39 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
41 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
101 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
102 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
103 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4
104 7 20 45 1 4 3 20 75 1 4

Verse Ouest & Teckraie

The primary gold estimation method implemented by Cube Consulting for the Verse Ouest and
Teckraie deposits was Ordinary Kriging (“OK”) and this was completed using Surpac software.
OK is considered an appropriate method for estimation, given the low coefficients of variation
for the cut composite data.
Note that previous estimates for Verse Ouest and Teckraie involved the assignment of the
global mean grade to the total estimate, given the assumption that no mining selectively was
anticipated when mining the historic rock dumps. However, recent infill drilling suggests that
large areas may be delineated and mined at a slightly higher grade to the surrounding material.
Therefore, in this instance, the global mean of the OK estimate has not been assigned to the
block model attribute ‘au_final_ppm’ and it now has been assigned the original estimated OK
grade. It remains Cube Consulting’s opinion that any attempt to selectively mine the rock dump
material has associated risks and Cube prefers to report the Resource above a 0 g/t cut-off and

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mine the entire dump.

The minor background elements including copper and sulphur were estimated for the rock
dump material only and this was completed using OK. Arsenic was not estimated, given the
mean of the data for the rock dumps was less than 15ppm.
As mentioned earlier, it is important to note that the estimate for the minor elements is based
on a much smaller and biased data set compared to gold. Consequently, it is not possible to
draw any definitive conclusions from the estimate for the minor elements and any values should
be used as a guide only.
The spatial relationship of the data was characterised using variography on the selected
representative domains. The search strategies were aimed at producing a robust block
estimate whilst at the same time minimising estimation error and conditional biases.
Fundamental to the search strategy is the determination of appropriate minimum and maximum
numbers of composites for estimation. Kriging Neighbourhood Analysis (“KNA”) was
undertaken to assist with the decision on the minimum and maximum number of samples to
use for the estimation. The search neighbourhood parameters used for estimation are
displayed in Table 14-81. Note that a second pass search was used with a factor of 2 for the
search distance but with the same minimum and maximum number of samples as used in the
first pass.

Table 14-81: Verse Ouest & Teckraie search neighbourhood parameters

Block
Search Radii (m) Search Orientation
Domain Min Max Discretisation
Method
Variable Samp Samp Semi Minor
major E N RL Bearing Plunge Dip
ratio ratio
100(Au) OK 6 18 75 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
200(Au) OK 6 18 75 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
300(Au) OK 6 18 75 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
100(Cu) OK 6 18 100 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
200(Cu) OK 6 18 100 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
300(Cu) OK 6 18 100 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
100(S) OK 6 18 125 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
200(S) OK 6 18 125 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
300(S) OK 6 18 125 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
100(Ag) OK 6 18 240 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
200(Ag) OK 6 18 240 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
300(Ag) OK 6 18 240 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
100(CuCN) OK 6 18 135 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
200(CuCN) OK 6 18 135 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
300(CuCN) OK 6 18 135 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
100(Au) IDW2 6 18 75 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
200(Au) IDW2 6 18 75 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
300(Au) IDW2 6 18 75 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
100(Au) NN 1 1 75 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
200(Au) NN 1 1 75 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0
300(Au) NN 1 1 75 1 5 4 4 1 0 0 0

A one-way soft boundary was used for grade estimation in domains 100 and 200. The higher-
grade composite data for domain 200 was not included during grade estimation for domain 100.
However, the combined domain 100 and 200 data was used for grade estimation of domain
200. This process did not allow the sub-domain high grades to influence the surrounding
material and it results in a slightly conservative estimate for domain 200 (which represents a
significantly smaller volume than domain 100).

Aires
Cube Consulting undertook grade interpolation for the Aires leach pad (2019) MRE Update.
Grade estimation was run using Cube’s Estimation Control System (“ECX”) software, based on
the Ordinary Kriging (OK) interpolation method. A summary of the estimation parameters used
in the estimation is shown in Table 14-82. A discretisation of 4 × 4 × 2 in the X, Y and Z
directions was used.
The same estimation parameters were used for all estimated attributes and hence the resulting
estimation populated the block model attributes: ‘au_ok_ppm’, ‘cu_ok_ppm’, and
‘cu_cn_ok_ppm’. The attribute ‘au_final_ppm’ was later populated from the ‘au_ok_ppm’

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attribute.

Table 14-82: Aires ordinary kriging search neighbourhood parameters

Search Pass 1
Search
Domain Major/semi-major Max samples per
Method Min samples Max samples Max search radius Major/minor ratio
ratio hole
11 Ellipse 4 10 80 1.0 3.0 4
1–2 Ellipse 4 10 45 1.0 3.0 4
3–7 Ellipse 4 10 80 1.0 3.0 4
8 Ellipse 4 10 100 1.0 6.7 4
Search Pass 2
Search
Domain Max search radius Major/semi-major Max samples per
Method Min samples Max samples Major/minor ratio
factor ratio hole
11 Ellipse 4 12 2 2 2 4
1–2 Ellipse 4 12 2 2 2 4
3–7 Ellipse 4 12 2 2 2 4
8 Ellipse 4 12 2 2 2 4

14.8.3 QKNA
Quantitative Kriging Neighbourhood Analysis (“QKNA”) was undertaken by Cube Consulting
for most of the in-situ deposits at Ity. Mineral Resource estimates for the Aires heap leach pad
and the in-situ Colline Sud and Le Plaque deposits, did not include QKNA. Where the analysis
was undertaken, QKNA methods and parameters are reproduced below from the relevant Cube
Consulting reports.

Mont Ity to Walter

Cube Consulting undertook the following steps to inform the choice of interpolation search
parameters for the 2019 MRE update:
• Kriging Neighbourhood Analysis (“KNA”) was used to select the minimum and maximum
number of samples allowed for interpolation. The KNA was based on a test block situated
within a typically informed area. The kriging Slope of Regression, kriging Weight of the
Mean and Percentage of Negative Kriging Weights over a range of 1 to 50 informing samples
were plotted and examined. A representative set of estimation domains were chosen for
these tests, based on the variogram parameters. Because of differences in the sample
density and block size used, the OK GC and LUC parameters were determined separately
in the GC volume and RDV informed areas, respectively. The LUC method has a precursor
interpolation step which relies on a larger ‘Panel’ block size, while the OK GC estimates
were undertaken directly into the smaller SMU block size;
• The shape of the search ellipsoid, and the number of sectors for directional limiting of
informing sample numbers were chosen based on the observed mineralisation geometry
and visual inspection of the pattern of sample selection. It was decided to use a highly
anisotropic search for the fresh, laterite and halo domains, with continuity in the major –
semi-major plane high relative to the minor direction (4:4:1 search radius ratio selected for
major-semi-major : minor axes). The search ellipsoid was divided into 4 quadrants with a
maximum sample limit set per quadrant to ensure more than one hole has the opportunity
to inform a block estimate. An anisotropic distance calculation, according to the radius
ratios, were applied to determine target to sample distances. Radius ratios were relaxed to
3:3:1 for the clay domains, where the mineralisation is more gradational and slightly less
planar in nature;
• Absolute search radii were not limited in any way, being expanded progressively until all
blocks in a given domain had been estimated. The use of multi-pass estimates for LUC
estimation are not favoured by Cube, since such an approach produces artefacts at pass
boundaries, which can have an adverse impact on the results. The chosen maximum
number of allowable samples was therefore relied upon to sensibly limit sample influence in
poorly informed areas.

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• As previously indicated, the high-grade threshold for distance limiting (where applied in the
halo domains) was chosen based on the log-probability plot of gold grade; and
• The practical ranges of the variogram models for each relevant domain were calculated and,
wherever possible, the distance chosen for limiting at the high grade threshold was set at a
distance falling within, or close to, the range where the variogram reaches 80% to 90% of
its total sill (i.e. the ‘practical range’).

Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu and Gbéitouo

Kriging Neighbourhood Analysis (“KNA”) was undertaken to assist with the selection of the
minimum and maximum number of samples to be used for the LUC estimation. The kriging
Slope of Regression (“SoR”) and Weight of the Mean were used, in conjunction with the number
of negative weights, to reach a decision. The search neighbourhood shape was chosen
interactively, in 3D, with due consideration being given to the pattern of sample selection
observed. This was done with the continuity of orientation of mineralisation in mind and with a
view to not selecting too many samples from any single drill hole.
Dynamic local rotation of the variogram model and search neighbourhood was implemented
using the set of surfaces constructed in Surpac and exported to Isatis. Following some
intermediate processing steps, these surfaces were converted to local rotation parameters for
use in the Isatis kriging algorithm. Typically, a single or, in some instances, multiple surfaces
were created for each estimation domain. An example of the trend surfaces used in the Daapleu
estimation model is displayed in Figure 14-56. The change of support and UC routines were
run based on the results of the OK panel estimate. An Information Effect Correction based on
a grade control grid of 10mE x 10mN x 2.5mRL was implemented.

Figure 14-56: Daapleu mineralisation interpretation with trend surfaces – Section 1250
looking northeast (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

14.9 Mining Depletion

Where mining has taken place (Mont Ity to Walter, Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu, Aires and Verse
Ouest & Teckraie), up-to-date mining topographies have been used to deplete the models, as

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detailed in Table 14-83.

Table 14-83: Summary of mining depletion applied to each Resource model as at 31

December 2019
Pre-mining Topography or
Deposit (block model) Topographic Surface
Depletion Date
Mont Ity to Walter (ity_to_walter_5x5x2p5_sep2019.mdl) December 2019 ity-flat-walter_modelarea_topo_december_v4_19.dtm
Zia NE (bm_smu_Zia NE_jul16.mdl)(1) 31 December 2018* zia_topoclip_eoy_2018.dtm
Bakatouo (bm_smu_bak_june17.mdl) 31 December 2019 bakatouo_end_year_2019.dtm
Daapleu (bm_smu_daapleu_2019.mdl) 31 December 2019 daapleu_end_year_2019.dtm
Aires (bm_aires_cut_jan2019) 31 December 2019 aires_end_year_2019.dtm
Verse Ouest & Teckraie 31 December 2019 verseouest_end_year_2019.dtm
(1)
Zia NE was mined during 2017 and 2018 but not during 2019

14.10 Model Validation

Visual Validation: Mont Ity to Walter
Visual inspection of the estimates was undertaken in cross-section and 3D isometric views.
The estimated block grades were compared to raw drill hole assay data (see examples in Figure
14-57 and Figure 14-58). The block estimates typically correspond well with the raw assay data
at a local scale and it is therefore concluded that the estimates have honoured the input sample
data.

Figure 14-57: Cross Section view looking north-eastwards – Mont Ity – Block Estimates
with Gold Grade less than 0.5g/tAu masked (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-58: Cross Section view looking north-eastwards – Walter – Block Estimates
with Gold Grade less than 0.5g/tAu masked (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2019)

Visual Validatin: Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu and Gbéitouo

Visual validation of the 2017 models shows a good degree of correspondence between the
models and informing data as shown in Figure 14-59 to Figure 14-62.

Figure 14-59: Zia NE block model gold grade estimate with drilling – Section -175
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

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Figure 14-60: Bakatouo block model gold grade estimate with drilling – Section 0
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

Figure 14-61: Daapleu block model gold grade estimate with drilling – Section 1250
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

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Figure 14-62: Gbéitouo block model gold grade estimate with drilling – Section 160
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2017)

Visual Validation: Colline Sud

Visual validation of the Colline Sud block model was undertaken comparing block estimates
with the input composite data in cross-section. The estimate reconciled well with the composite
data, with some degree of smoothing of the block estimates as would be expected from
Ordinary Kriging and is shown in Figure 14-63.

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Figure 14-63: Colline Sud block model gold grade estimate with drilling

Visual Validation: Le Plaque

Visual validation of the 2019 MRE was undertaken comparing block estimates with the input
composite data in cross-section. The estimate validated well against the composite data, with
some smoothing of the estimated grades, as anticipated (Figure 14-64 to Figure 14-65).

Figure 14-64: Le Plaque Main block model gold grade estimate with drilling

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Figure 14-65: Le Plaque Epsilon block model gold grade estimate with drilling

Visual Validation: Verse Ouest & Teckraie

Visual validation of the OK grade estimate shows a good correspondence between the model
and informing data as shown in Figure 14-66.

Figure 14-66: Cross-sections through the Verse Ouest & Teckraie block model gold
grade estimate with input 1 m composites

Statistical Validation: Mont Ity to Walter

Global statistical comparisons for the LUC gold estimates to the informing composites and a
check ID2 estimate are shown in Table 14-84.
The degree of correlation between the various global statistics is generally good. The estimates
in the halo Domains 901 and 902 are of lower grade than the informing composites as a
consequence of the distance-limiting applied to high grade samples, as anticipated.

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Table 14-84: Mont Ity to Walter global statistical comparison – LUC versus Composites
versus ID2
Domain Variable N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Dev.
Composites (undecl.) 4,919 0.01 20.00 0.98 2.10
Composites (decl.) 4,919 0.01 20.00 0.76 1.64
101
LUC CUT_AU 101 99,498 0.03 14.32 0.77 0.94
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 101 99,439 0.02 13.52 0.77 0.78
Composites (undecl.) 2,878 0.00 25.00 0.94 2.56
Composites (decl.) 2,878 0.00 25.00 0.90 2.35
102
LUC CUT_AU 102 50,231 0.01 20.12 0.88 1.32
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 102 50,231 0.01 17.41 0.87 1.05
Composites (undecl.) 1,856 0.01 8.00 0.37 0.58
Composites (decl.) 1,856 0.01 8.00 0.37 0.48
103
LUC CUT_AU 103 17,143 0.04 3.98 0.39 0.31
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 103 17,143 0.03 3.75 0.39 0.25
Composites (undecl.) 1,407 0.01 12.00 0.64 1.19
Composites (decl.) 1,407 0.01 12.00 0.84 1.40
104
LUC CUT_AU 104 25,578 0.04 6.44 0.85 0.73
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 104 25,578 0.02 8.41 0.84 0.61
Composites (undecl.) 460 0.01 8.00 0.42 0.96
Composites (decl.) 460 0.01 8.00 0.56 1.14
105
LUC CUT_AU 105 7,168 0.01 5.78 0.55 0.76
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 105 7,166 0.01 4.90 0.62 0.77
Composites (undecl.) 172 0.01 5.36 0.49 0.64
Composites (decl.) 172 0.01 5.36 0.47 0.60
106
LUC CUT_AU 106 3,612 0.05 2.74 0.44 0.30
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 106 3,612 0.07 2.64 0.43 0.20
Composites (undecl.) 234 0.01 7.00 0.53 0.99
Composites (decl.) 234 0.01 7.00 0.60 0.98
107
LUC CUT_AU 107 5,980 0.05 4.81 0.58 0.49
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 107 5,979 0.02 4.60 0.64 0.46
Composites (undecl.) 55,253 0.00 80.00 1.57 5.24
Composites (decl.) 55,250 0.00 80.00 1.62 5.26
201
LUC CUT_AU 201 220,345 0.02 55.37 1.71 3.08
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 201 220,344 0.01 67.07 1.74 2.86
Composites (undecl.) 10,236 0.01 40.00 0.84 2.31
Composites (decl.) 10,236 0.01 40.00 1.31 3.70
202
LUC CUT_AU 202 35,072 0.04 31.31 1.38 2.36
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 202 35,072 0.03 36.26 1.39 2.29
Composites (undecl.) 6,567 0.01 70.00 1.05 4.16
Composites (decl.) 6,567 0.01 70.00 0.99 2.99
203
LUC CUT_AU 203 21,224 0.01 35.92 1.02 1.57
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 203 21,224 0.01 48.22 1.02 1.56
Composites (undecl.) 4,790 0.01 50.00 0.70 2.47
Composites (decl.) 4,790 0.01 50.00 0.69 2.61
204
LUC CUT_AU 204 12,607 0.05 18.33 0.69 1.08
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 204 12,607 0.04 22.86 0.69 1.15
205 Composites (undecl.) 4,243 0.01 10.00 0.41 0.81
Composites (decl.) 4,241 0.01 10.00 0.36 0.80
LUC CUT_AU 205 13,022 0.02 4.92 0.36 0.42
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 205 13,021 0.02 5.64 0.35 0.38
206 Composites (undecl.) 6,506 0.01 25.00 0.79 1.66
Composites (decl.) 6,505 0.01 25.00 0.69 1.36
LUC CUT_AU 206 7,896 0.05 6.08 0.73 0.58
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 206 7,893 0.03 14.16 0.73 0.80
207 Composites (undecl.) 598 0.01 15.00 0.62 1.66
Composites (decl.) 598 0.01 15.00 0.52 1.39
LUC CUT_AU 207 2,217 0.03 8.32 0.51 0.78
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 207 2,217 0.01 7.43 0.54 0.73
208 Composites (undecl.) 190 0.03 4.37 0.83 0.77
Composites (decl.) 190 0.03 4.37 0.85 0.74
LUC CUT_AU 208 2,415 0.12 2.59 0.84 0.42
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 208 2,415 0.09 2.30 0.84 0.38
301 Composites (undecl.) 9,699 0.01 20.00 0.83 1.38
Composites (decl.) 9,614 0.01 20.00 0.93 1.37
LUC CUT_AU 301 142,372 0.01 16.33 0.99 1.10
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 301 142,372 0.01 13.26 1.02 0.94
901 Composites (undecl.) 32,367 0.01 12.00 0.21 0.52
Composites (decl.) 32,340 0.01 12.00 0.26 0.66
LUC CUT_AU 901 573,675 0.01 10.07 0.18 0.21
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 901 573,675 0.01 9.54 0.19 0.22
902 Composites (undecl.) 31,042 0.00 18.00 0.18 0.73
Composites (decl.) 31,028 0.00 18.00 0.21 0.90
LUC CUT_AU 902 954,846 0.01 14.60 0.12 0.25
ID2 CHKEST CUT_AU 902 954,836 0.01 16.39 0.13 0.33

Statistical Validation: Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu and Gbéitouo:

Table 14-85 to Table 14-88 summarises statistical comparisons between the block estimates
and informing sample data for all domains within each deposit. The correlation between input
sample and estimated grades is relatively good, considering the difficulties associated with
trying to obtain an unbiased global mean for the samples, which required declustering.

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Table 14-85: Zia NE global statistical comparison – samples versus block estimates
Domain Variable N Minimum Maximum Mean Variance
Cut Samples (undecl.) 349 0.01 10.00 0.74 2.13
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 349 0.01 10.00 0.87 2.98
100
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 349 0.01 10.00 0.79 2.45
LUC Au 10,192 0.08 4.92 0.69 0.30
Cut Samples (undecl.) 4,324 0.01 30.00 0.99 60.10
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 4,324 0.01 30.00 0.98 5.86
200
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 4,324 0.01 30.00 1.09 7.90
LUC Au 119,786 0.05 18.65 1.03 1.36
Cut Samples (undecl.) 1,219 0.01 15.00 1.05 1.99
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 1,219 0.01 15.00 1.05 1.98
301
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 1,165 0.01 15.00 0.80 1.33
LUC Au 32,286 0.02 12.43 0.85 0.71
Cut Samples (undecl.) 413 0.01 8.00 0.47 0.62
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 413 0.01 8.00 0.49 0.59
400
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 413 0.01 8.00 0.57 0.93
LUC Au 11,221 0.09 4.25 0.49 0.14
Cut Samples (undecl.) 531 0.01 20.00 0.96 4.66
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 531 0.01 20.00 0.99 4.85
500
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 531 0.01 20.00 0.97 4.58
LUC Au 29,879 0.05 10.79 0.94 0.98

Table 14-86: Bakatouo global statistical comparison – samples versus block estimates
Domain Variable N Minimum Maximum Mean Variance
Cut Samples (undecl.) 1,273 0.02 30.00 2.55 4.97
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 1,273 0.02 30.00 1.67 3.63
101
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 1,273 0.02 30.00 1.99 4.17
LUC Au 25,982 0.12 21.43 2.66 2.98
Cut Samples (undecl.) 888 0.01 30.00 2.12 3.28
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 888 0.01 30.00 1.93 3.02
102
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 888 0.01 30.00 2.03 3.14
LUC Au 17,812 0.09 14.38 2.18 1.81
Cut Samples (undecl.) 102 0.08 5.00 0.77 0.94
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 102 0.08 5.00 0.64 0.79
103
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 102 0.08 5.00 0.80 0.96
LUC Au 2,489 0.21 2.78 0.84 0.46
Cut Samples (undecl.) 32 0.12 6.00 1.54 1.73
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 32 0.12 6.00 1.34 1.74
104
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 32 0.12 6.00 1.51 1.63
LUC Au 544 0.42 3.61 1.46 0.62
Cut Samples (undecl.) 97 0.01 7.80 0.88 1.18
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 97 0.01 7.80 0.70 0.89
105
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 97 0.01 7.80 0.82 1.11
LUC Au 1,746 0.18 3.41 0.88 0.50
Cut Samples (undecl.) 602 0.01 20.00 1.45 2.76
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 602 0.01 20.00 1.30 2.55
106
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 602 0.01 20.00 1.37 2.64
LUC Au 11,503 0.15 12.31 1.48 1.37
Cut Samples (undecl.) 213 0.01 20.00 1.53 3.50
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 213 0.01 20.00 1.45 3.25
107
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 213 0.01 20.00 1.43 3.21
LUC Au 4,700 0.13 11.65 1.55 1.53
Cut Samples (undecl.) 529 0.05 40.00 2.15 6.10
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 529 0.05 40.00 1.64 4.77
108
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 529 0.05 40.00 1.94 5.64
LUC Au 10,966 0.13 32.95 2.03 3.49
Cut Samples (undecl.) 67 0.12 10.00 1.24 2.19
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 67 0.12 10.00 0.97 1.65
109
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 67 0.12 10.00 1.32 2.29
LUC Au 1,511 0.31 5.05 1.52 0.88
Cut Samples (undecl.) 1,019 0.01 20.00 1.78 3.35
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 1,019 0.01 20.00 1.49 2.99
110
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 1,019 0.01 20.00 1.60 3.10
LUC Au 16,844 0.09 13.43 1.79 1.80
Cut Samples (undecl.) 185 0.01 30.00 1.76 4.49
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 185 0.01 30.00 1.87 4.98
111
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 185 0.01 30.00 1.81 4.86
LUC Au 4,220 0.13 15.06 1.83 2.15
Cut Samples (undecl.) 382 0.01 10.00 1.14 1.53
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 382 0.01 10.00 1.02 1.39
112
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 382 0.01 10.00 1.12 1.52
LUC Au 6,775 0.12 5.42 1.13 0.72
Cut Samples (undecl.) 58 0.04 1.27 0.47 0.25
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 58 0.04 1.27 0.48 0.26
113
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 58 0.04 1.27 0.47 0.25
LUC Au 882 0.24 0.74 0.47 0.09
Cut Samples (undecl.) 29 0.13 2.53 0.90 0.77
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 29 0.13 2.53 0.91 0.78
114
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 29 0.13 2.53 0.89 0.72
LUC Au 335 0.37 1.56 0.86 0.26
Cut Samples (undecl.) 359 0.02 15.00 1.33 1.88
115
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 359 0.02 15.00 1.41 2.14

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Domain Variable N Minimum Maximum Mean Variance

Cut Samples (krig decl.) 359 0.02 15.00 1.38 2.09
LUC Au 5,918 0.15 6.37 1.40 0.91
Cut Samples (undecl.) 117 0.03 7.06 1.10 1.16
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 117 0.03 7.06 1.01 1.06
116
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 117 0.03 7.06 1.01 1.10
LUC Au 2,410 0.20 3.19 1.05 0.48
Cut Samples (undecl.) 340 0.06 30.00 1.73 4.29
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 340 0.06 30.00 1.54 3.44
117
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 340 0.06 30.00 1.72 4.03
LUC Au 5,843 0.15 20.54 1.92 2.35
Cut Samples (undecl.) 352 0.01 21.56 1.41 2.69
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 352 0.01 21.56 1.74 3.78
118
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 352 0.01 21.56 1.33 2.61
LUC Au 6,642 0.11 11.71 1.35 1.35
Cut Samples (undecl.) 59 0.06 20.00 3.34 5.32
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 59 0.06 20.00 2.16 4.40
119
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 59 0.06 20.00 2.64 4.55
LUC Au 1,140 0.17 14.28 2.87 2.65
Cut Samples (undecl.) 438 0.03 25.00 1.65 3.55
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 438 0.03 25.00 1.97 4.20
120
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 438 0.03 25.00 1.79 3.85
LUC Au 8,137 0.10 13.53 1.56 1.73
Cut Samples (undecl.) 127 0.06 3.76 0.53 0.55
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 127 0.06 3.76 0.55 0.52
201
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 127 0.06 3.76 0.53 0.54
LUC Au 1,970 0.15 1.47 0.51 0.20
Cut Samples (undecl.) 141 0.03 4.67 0.84 0.82
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 141 0.03 4.67 0.69 0.71
301
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 141 0.03 4.67 0.84 0.78
LUC Au 2,256 0.14 3.71 0.93 0.58
Cut Samples (undecl.) 76 0.08 8.99 1.17 1.55
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 76 0.08 8.99 1.26 1.73
302
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 76 0.08 8.99 1.11 1.39
LUC Au 2,012 0.17 5.65 1.09 0.86
Cut Samples (undecl.) 15,546 0.01 10.00 0.16 0.36
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 15,546 0.01 10.00 0.16 0.37
999
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 15,545 0.01 10.00 0.18 0.46
LUC Au 399,870 0.00 2.71 0.13 0.10

Table 14-87: Daapleu global statistical comparison – samples versus block estimates
Domain Variable N Minimum Maximum Mean Variance
Cut Samples (undecl.) 100 0.01 6.00 0.85 1.03
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 100 0.01 6.00 0.85 0.72
100
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 100 0.01 6.00 0.92 0.93
LUC Au 20,062 0.06 3.97 0.89 0.32
Cut Samples (undecl.) 95 0.09 2.50 0.68 0.26
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 95 0.09 2.50 0.66 0.30
150
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 95 0.09 2.50 0.68 0.29
LUC Au 8,225 0.15 2.18 0.65 0.11
Cut Samples (undecl.) 1,720 0.01 25.00 2.22 11.27
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 1,720 0.01 25.00 1.88 9.23
200
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 1,720 0.01 25.00 1.86 8.53
LUC Au 56,030 0.04 21.48 2.131 5.79
Cut Samples (undecl.) 474 0.01 5.00 0.33 0.27
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 474 0.01 5.00 0.27 0.22
301
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 474 0.01 5.00 0.16 0.09
LUC Au 93,014 0.01 4.16 0.14 0.05
Cut Samples (undecl.) 6,658 0.01 15.00 0.93 1.38
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 6,658 0.01 15.00 0.96 1.71
400
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 6,658 0.01 15.00 0.95 1.57
LUC Au 217,818 0.02 13.42 0.92 0.74
Cut Samples (undecl.) 50 0.05 2.00 0.48 0.25
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 50 0.05 2.00 0.49 0.25
500
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 50 0.05 2.00 0.49 0.23
LUC Au 9,109 0.09 1.70 0.50 0.09

Table 14-88: Gbéitouo global statistical comparison – samples versus block estimates
Domain Variable N Minimum Maximum Mean Variance
Cut Samples (undecl.) 847 0.01 15.00 1.34 3.45
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 847 0.01 15.00 1.15 3.21
100
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 847 0.01 15.00 1.15 2.71
LUC Au 31,071 0.10 7.72 1.31 0.73
Cut Samples (undecl.) 733 0.01 8.00 0.56 0.49
Cut Samples (cell decl.) 733 0.01 8.00 0.57 0.48
101
Cut Samples (krig decl.) 733 0.01 8.00 0.55 0.46
LUC Au 17,370 0.03 3.81 0.56 0.18

Statistical Validation: Colline Sud

For the 2017 Colline Sud MRE the correlation between input sample and estimated grades is

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relatively good for the major domain (domain 7). Smaller domains with a significantly lower
number of samples informing the estimate reconcile more poorly. Table 14-89 summarises the
statistical comparisons between the block estimates and informing sample data for all domains
within each mineralised zone.

Table 14-89: Colline Sud statistical comparison – composite samples versus block
estimates
Domain Au Number Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Deviation
Composite 48 0.02 25.03 1.71 3.67
1 Au OK 895 0.06 5.98 0.96 0.76
Au ID2 895 0.05 7.60 1.19 1.04
Composite 25 0.03 23.74 3.02 6.36
2 Au OK 366 0.01 22.47 4.14 4.04
Au ID2 366 0.14 14.15 2.89 1.95
Composite 22 0.19 5.69 1.55 1.51
3 Au OK 795 0.00 4.75 1.46 0.82
Au ID2 795 0.00 4.41 1.49 0.74
Composite 43 0.12 30.00 3.37 7.55
4 Au OK 571 0.13 19.08 3.12 3.47
Au ID2 571 0.52 21.20 3.52 3.23
Composite 126 0.03 7.25 1.11 1.14
5 Au OK 1975 0.15 4.36 0.97 0.47
Au ID2 1975 0.12 3.13 1.05 0.39
Composite 136 0.02 9.84 1.29 1.59
6 Au OK 2414 0.07 8.60 1.13 0.80
Au ID2 2414 0.07 5.93 1.22 0.79
Composite 209 0.04 28.65 1.80 2.83
7 Au OK 2598 0.19 9.32 1.45 1.06
Au ID2 2598 0.15 8.43 1.71 1.00
Composite 155 0.04 30.00 3.66 7.15
8 Au OK 2094 0.00 24.02 3.29 3.40
Au ID2 2094 0.00 20.70 3.75 3.22
Composite 151 0.05 13.98 1.67 1.93
9 Au OK 2185 0.00 7.78 1.34 0.83
Au ID2 2185 0.00 8.88 1.45 0.85
10 Composite 152 0.06 30.00 3.01 6.03
Au OK 2514 0.00 28.55 2.33 2.91
Au ID2 2514 0.00 22.98 2.62 2.54
Composite 81 0.08 30.00 2.59 5.55
11 Au OK 1178 0.00 15.14 2.18 2.30
Au ID2 1178 0.52 15.26 2.33 2.10
Composite 40 0.12 3.99 1.15 1.05
13 Au OK 697 0.23 3.40 1.01 0.50
Au ID2 697 0.18 3.64 1.16 0.54
Composite 41 0.02 2.16 0.71 0.44
14 Au OK 630 0.19 1.63 0.77 0.27
Au ID2 630 0.14 1.69 0.75 0.29
Composite 57 0.02 9.48 1.17 1.28
16 Au OK 1094 0.00 2.83 1.00 0.42
Au ID2 1094 0.00 2.52 1.07 0.38
Composite 70 0.10 25.75 1.90 3.69
18 Au OK 1556 0.00 17.89 2.16 3.14
Au ID2 1556 0.00 20.50 2.16 2.96
Composite 66 0.07 30.00 2.32 5.22
20 Au OK 750 0.17 19.55 2.66 3.41
Au ID2 750 0.41 21.45 2.18 2.64
Composite 100 0.01 25.15 1.79 3.04
22 Au OK 2190 0.00 14.69 1.33 1.44
Au ID2 2190 0.00 20.78 1.38 1.57
Composite 41 0.19 19.91 2.31 3.50
23 Au OK 502 0.54 11.35 2.62 2.28
Au ID2 502 0.46 10.47 2.44 1.87
Composite 11 0.22 1.68 0.60 0.37
24 Au OK 219 0.34 0.99 0.64 0.13
Au ID2 219 0.44 1.11 0.63 0.13
Composite 22 0.11 27.01 3.14 5.61
25 Au OK 357 0.28 8.07 2.36 1.75
Au ID2 357 0.37 6.81 2.59 1.60
Composite 12 0.66 1.91 0.94 0.37
26 Au OK 236 0.00 1.27 0.85 0.19
Au ID2 236 0.00 1.33 0.86 0.20
Composite 40 0.34 3.28 1.20 0.72
27 Au OK 624 0.69 2.29 1.01 0.23
Au ID2 624 0.73 1.74 1.12 0.16
Composite 24 0.51 10.77 1.28 2.04
28 Au OK 260 0.56 3.11 1.10 0.52
Au ID2 260 0.55 3.65 1.23 0.54
Composite 16 0.09 7.74 1.70 2.13
29 Au OK 528 0.00 3.00 0.91 0.51
Au ID2 528 0.00 3.44 1.14 0.73
Composite 178 0.04 26.91 1.72 2.89
44 Au OK 1831 0.00 10.54 1.45 1.16
Au ID2 1831 0.15 10.54 1.64 1.08
Composite 46 0.06 10.91 1.36 1.91
111 Au OK 1241 0.00 4.76 1.22 0.81
Au ID2 1241 0.00 3.74 1.24 0.72

Statistical Validation: Le Plaque

For the 2019 Le Plaque MRE the correlation between input sample and estimated grades is

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relatively good. Table 14-90 summarises the statistical comparisons between the block
estimates and informing sample data for all domains within each mineralized zone.

Table 14-90: Le Plaque statistical comparison – composite samples versus block

estimates
Domain Au Number Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Deviation
Composite 626 0.01 25.00 2.76 5.14
1 Au OK 4027 0.13 16.96 2.55 2.05
Au ID2 4027 0.10 19.91 2.49 2.12
Composite 585 0.01 25.00 3.01 5.15
2 Au OK 3284 0.13 15.04 2.74 2.13
Au ID2 3284 0.09 16.90 2.81 2.33
Composite 195 0.01 25.00 1.57 3.53
3 Au OK 1485 0.00 10.07 1.44 1.17
Au ID2 1485 0.00 12.40 1.46 1.34
Composite 200 0.02 15.00 2.86 4.58
4 Au OK 888 0.23 13.79 3.06 2.55
Au ID2 888 0.16 14.44 2.97 2.67
Composite 78 0.01 15.00 1.03 1.97
5 Au OK 720 0.15 4.08 1.27 0.85
Au ID2 720 0.16 4.58 0.79 0.89
Composite 50 0.01 15.00 2.58 4.87
6 Au OK 347 0.03 8.21 2.80 1.76
Au ID2 347 0.03 10.97 3.26 1.88
Composite 649 0.01 40.00 5.24 9.46
21 Au OK 5836 0.20 31.72 4.34 3.79
Au ID2 5836 0.19 32.57 4.43 3.86
Composite 156 0.01 15.00 3.98 4.93
22 Au OK 1640 0.20 11.83 3.95 2.14
Au ID2 1640 0.22 11.65 3.86 2.03
Composite 73 0.01 15.00 2.53 3.55
23 Au OK 926 0.60 11.71 2.80 1.92
Au ID2 926 0.60 12.28 2.86 1.84
Composite 305 0.01 25.00 4.27 6.96
24 Au OK 1783 0.29 17.12 4.00 3.22
Au ID2 1783 0.25 16.74 4.04 3.34
Composite 86 0.02 25.00 1.74 3.10
25 Au OK 957 0.13 10.91 1.52 1.31
Au ID2 957 0.10 9.37 1.41 1.07
Composite 26 0.01 10.63 2.23 2.52
26 Au OK 271 0.58 6.83 2.12 1.42
Au ID2 271 0.72 6.32 2.12 1.24
Composite 154 0.01 20.70 2.24 3.31
27 Au OK 1674 0.19 8.18 2.28 1.51
Au ID2 1674 0.22 9.20 2.23 1.51
Composite 92 0.06 25.00 4.79 6.14
28 Au OK 368 0.45 17.42 4.06 2.64
Au ID2 368 0.48 16.78 4.12 2.48
Composite 121 0.09 17.00 1.62 2.55
29 Au OK 714 0.28 10.42 1.52 1.23
Au ID2 714 0.36 11.65 1.48 1.24
Composite 194 0.01 25.00 3.17 5.32
30 Au OK 1327 0.26 19.34 2.55 2.26
Au ID2 1327 0.21 21.05 2.47 2.30
Composite 183 0.04 20.00 1.99 3.42
31 Au OK 1425 0.40 9.70 1.74 1.28
Au ID2 1425 0.45 8.55 1.77 1.13
Composite 86 0.02 20.00 2.48 4.39
32 Au OK 524 0.23 8.56 2.54 1.53
Au ID2 524 0.22 7.70 2.41 1.33
Composite 27 0.14 13.32 2.96 3.76
33 Au OK 271 0.62 8.88 3.44 1.98
Au ID2 271 0.67 6.77 3.21 1.62
Composite 51 0.01 16.04 2.56 3.91
34 Au OK 519 0.55 7.31 3.10 1.57
Au ID2 519 0.66 6.58 3.09 1.47
Composite 65 0.05 20.00 2.58 4.02
35 Au OK 843 0.54 10.96 2.01 1.61
Au ID2 843 0.68 11.82 2.08 1.64
Composite 75 0.04 20.00 2.39 3.70
36 Au OK 735 0.46 10.00 2.49 1.91
Au ID2 735 0.34 9.90 2.36 1.74
Composite 90 0.02 18.70 2.50 3.89
37 Au OK 803 0.39 8.18 2.14 1.39
Au ID2 803 0.36 7.63 2.20 1.35
Composite 109 0.05 20.00 1.79 2.96
38 Au OK 833 0.20 9.93 2.02 1.64
Au ID2 833 0.31 10.35 1.95 1.61
Composite 41 0.12 9.54 1.75 1.88
39 Au OK 140 0.59 4.10 1.80 0.64
Au ID2 140 0.71 3.79 1.86 0.66
Composite 52 0.02 20.00 2.20 3.48
40 Au OK 449 0.16 10.49 1.78 1.35
Au ID2 449 0.38 10.40 1.79 1.38
Composite 167 0.06 10.00 1.48 1.92
101 Au OK 381 0.19 5.94 1.49 1.05
Au ID2 381 0.28 6.55 1.68 1.06
Composite 74 0.05 9.57 0.86 1.55
102 Au OK 252 0.11 6.37 0.74 0.72
Au ID2 252 0.08 6.48 0.73 0.75
Composite 75 0.08 10.00 0.82 1.22
103 Au OK 261 0.16 3.66 0.83 0.54
Au ID2 261 0.12 4.11 0.77 0.54

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Domain Au Number Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Deviation

Composite 265 0.01 10.00 0.87 1.24
104 Au OK 814 0.01 4.24 0.97 0.61
Au ID2 814 0.15 4.34 0.94 0.56

Statistical Validation: Verse Ouest & Teckraie

A comparison between the different estimation methods and the cut composite data shows a
good agreement and is summarised in Table 14-91.

Table 14-91: Verse Ouest & Teckraie statistical comparison between capped,
declustered gold composite grades and block estimates
Domain Variable Mean
Cut Samples (Decl.) 0.97
Au (OK) 0.99
100
Au (IDW2) 0.99
AU (NN) 0.99
Cut Samples (Decl.) 5.49
Au (OK) 4.60
200
Au (IDW2) 4.68
AU (NN) 5.15
Cut Samples (Decl.) 0.42
Au (OK) 0.46
300
Au (IDW2) 0.45
AU (NN) 0.41

Statistical Validation Aires

No statistical validation was completed for the Aires block model estimate.

Swath Plots: Mont Ity to Walter:

Swath plots were generated for the gold grade estimates by northing and elevation slice.
Example are shown in Figure 14-67 and Figure 14-68.
The estimated block grades typically correspond well with the sample data, particularly the
declustered data. In those domains where distance-limiting has been applied, the estimates
are observed to generally be of lower grade than the informing composites, as expected.
However, the swath plots show that the grade patterns are honoured, and relative agreement
is therefore good. The absolute grade agreement in domains not affected by distance-limiting
is good. Cube Consulting therefore concluded that the estimates are a faithful representation
of the informing data at the semi-local scale.

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Figure 14-67: Example swath plots by Northing – combined LUC and OK GC gold
estimates versus input composite grades (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2019)

Figure 14-68: Example swath plots by RL – combined LUC and OK GC gold estimates
versus input composite grades (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Swath Plots: Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu and Gbéitouo

Swath plots produced to assess the correlation between estimated gold grades and input
sample grades on a local scale are presented in Figure 14-69 to Figure 14-73. Across all four
of the in-situ deposits estimated by Cube Consulting in 2017, there is generally good correlation
between the block estimate and the declustered composite mean for all domains. The greatest
differences occur in poorly sampled areas and where the composites display high degrees of

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local variation, however the estimates are considered to be a fair and accurate reflection of the
informing data.

Figure 14-69: Zia NE block model validation by Northing – Domain 200 (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017)

Figure 14-70: Bakatouo block model validation by Easting – Domain 101 (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017)

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Figure 14-71: Bakatouo block model validation by Easting – Domain 102 (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017)

Figure 14-72: Daapleu block model validation by Easting – Domain 200 (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017)

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Figure 14-73: Gbéitouo block model validation by Easting – Domain 100 (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2017)

Swath Plots: Colline Sud

The 2017 ordinary kriged estimate was validated locally using swath plots (Figure 14-74 and
Figure 14-75). These indicate the estimation is broadly representative of the input composite
sample grades.

Figure 14-74: Colline Sud block model validation swath plot (along X)

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Figure 14-75: Colline Sud block model validation swath plot (along Y)

Swath Plots: Le Plaque

Swath plots showing the estimated grades (OK and ID2) and the input composite sample value
and number of samples were also used for validation during the 2019 Le Plaque MRE. There
is generally good agreement between the block estimate and composite mean for all domains.
As expected, the estimated grade is smoothed compared to the often-variable composite mean
grades. Figure 14-76 and Figure 14-77 show swath plots for two typical domains.

Figure 14-76: Le Plaque block model validation swath plot (Zone 1)

Figure 14-77: Le Plaque block model validation swath plot (Zone 21 – Epsilon)

Swath Plots: Verse Ouest & Teckraie

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Swath plots showing the estimated tonnes, estimated grade, number of composites and mean
cut composite grade were created for both domains. Plots representative of northing, easting
and elevation for Domain 100 are presented in Figure 14-78 to Figure 14-80 which show a good
correlation between the block estimate and the composite mean. The greatest differences
occur in poorly sampled areas and where the composites display high degrees of local variation.
Cube Consulting considered the OK estimates to be a fair and accurate reflection of the
informing data.

Figure 14-78: Swath plot validation for gold grades in Domain 100 by Northing (Image
Source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-79: Swath plot validation for gold grades in Domain 100 by Easting (Image
Source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Figure 14-80: Swath plot validation for gold grades in Domain 100 by Elevation (Image
Source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Aires:
The 2019 Aires MRE update was validated though comparisons of estimated block grades with
input composite sample grades. These were validated by domain groups, as shown in Figure
14-81 to Figure 14-84 and generally show a good degree of correspondence between input
samples and estimated grades on a local scale, with an appropriate amount of smoothing.

Figure 14-81: Aires block model validation swath plot (Domain 11) (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2019)

Figure 14-82: Aires block model validation swath plot (Domains 1-2) (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-83: Aires block model validation swath plot (Domains 3-7) (Image source:
Cube Consulting, 2019)

Figure 14-84: Aires block model validation swath plot (Domain 8) (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2019)

Mont Ity to Walter LUC RDV Check Estimate

In order to assess the performance of the LUC estimate, the LUC estimation process was
repeated, but using only RDV data as input (i.e. excluding the GC data). The same estimation
parameters as those used for the primary LUC estimate were applied. The results of the LUC
with RDV data only were compared to the OK GC estimates inside the GC volume. The OK
GC estimates, being based on very dense GC data, are considered to represent a reasonable
benchmark for an assessment of the ability of the LUC process to model the grade-tonnage

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relationship when only relatively wide spaced RDV data are available. Such a situation
accounts for much of the forward-looking portion of the model.
The results for the entire GC volume are shown in Table 14-92, Figure 14-85 and Figure 14-86.
It is evident that the agreement is excellent, within a reasonable volume of comparison of just
under 8Mm3.

Table 14-92: Comparison – LUC RDV versus OKGC – Total GC Volume

LUC RDV OKGC LUC RDV - OKGC (% diff.)
Vol
Cut-Off Vol (millions
(millions Au g/t Metal Index Au g/t Metal Index Vol Au g/t Metal
m3)
m3)
0 7.75 0.84 6.52 7.75 0.84 6.53 0.0% -0.2% -0.2%
0.5 2.91 1.92 5.59 2.87 1.93 5.55 1.2% -0.6% 0.7%
1 1.53 3.01 4.62 1.47 3.10 4.57 3.9% -2.7% 1.1%

Figure 14-85: Mont Ity to Walter - Grade-Volume Curves - LUC RDV versus OKGC – Total
GC Volume (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-86: Mont Ity to Walter - Metal Index Curves - LUC RDV versus OKGC – Total
GC Volume (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

The results for the GC volume falling within the clay estimation domains are shown in Table
14-93, Figure 14-87 and Figure 14-88, encompassing a representative volume of just under 5
million m3. Again, the agreement between the LUC RDV and OKGC models is excellent.

Table 14-93: Mont Ity to Walter - Comparison – LUC RDV versus OKGC – Clay Portion
of the GC Volume
LUC RDV OKGC LUC RDV - OKGC (% diff.)
Vol
Cut-Off Vol (millions
(millions Au g/t Metal Index Au g/t Metal Index Vol Au g/t Metal
m3)
m3)
0 4.94 1.18 5.86 4.94 1.17 5.81 0.0% 0.9% 0.9%
0.5 2.56 2.04 5.23 2.51 2.06 5.16 2.2% -0.9% 1.3%
1 1.43 3.10 4.42 1.37 3.19 4.35 4.7% -2.9% 1.6%

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Figure 14-87: Mont Ity to Walter - Grade-Volume Curves - LUC RDV versus OKGC – Clay
Portion of the GC Volume (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Figure 14-88: Mont Ity to Walter - Metal Index Curves - LUC RDV versus OKGC – Clay
Portion of the GC Volume (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

The agreement between the LUC RDV model and OKGC model within the fresh part of the GC
volume is relatively poor (Table 14-94). However, the fresh domain portions of the GC volume,
when aggregated, only encompass approximately 270,000m3. This is not considered to be
representative enough for a robust comparison. There is a ~18% difference in the global grade
(i.e. at a 0 g/t cut-off), which accounts for most of the difference between the two models within
this limited volume.

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Table 14-94: Mont Ity to Walter - Comparison – LUC RDV versus OKGC – Fresh Portion
of the GC Volume
LUC RDV OKGC LUC RDV - OKGC (% diff.)
Cut-Off Vol (millions Metal Vol (millions Metal
Au g/t Au g/t Vol Au g/t Metal
m3) Index m3) Index
0 0.27 0.53 0.14 0.27 0.65 0.17 0.0% -18.7% -18.7%
0.5 0.08 1.24 0.10 0.09 1.40 0.13 -14.2% -11.4% -24.0%
1 0.03 2.05 0.07 0.04 2.24 0.09 -23.5% -8.6% -30.1%

A comparison was also undertaken for the GC volume in each of the three largest clay domains
201 (Ity), 202 (Walter) and 203 (Walter). Relevant figures are shown in Table 14-95 to Table
14-97. The agreement between the models is excellent in Domain 201 and very good in
Domain 202. In Domain 203, the agreement is good up to and at the 0.5g/tAu cut-off, but the
volume and grade diverge significantly by the time the 1g/tAu cut-off is reached. Nevertheless,
the metal agreement remains excellent up to 1g/tAu.
Cube Consulting considers that at a reporting cut-off of 0.5g/t the LUC method used is capable
of predicting satisfactorily the grade-tonnage relationship within the clay domains, when
deprived of the dense GC data. In future, when more GC data are available in the fresh portion
of the deposit, a more representative comparison could be made to test the LUC below the clay
zone.

Table 14-95: Mont Ity to Walter - Comparison – LUC RDV versus OKGC – Domain 201
Portion of the GC Volume
LUC RDV OKGC LUC RDV - OKGC (% diff.)
Vol
Cut-Off Vol (millions Metal
(millions Au g/t Metal Index Au g/t Vol Au g/t Metal
m3) Index
m3)
0 3.01 1.47 4.44 3.01 1.46 4.39 0.0% 1.1% 1.1%
0.5 1.72 2.39 4.10 1.68 2.41 4.05 2.1% -0.8% 1.3%
1 1.05 3.45 3.62 1.03 3.48 3.58 1.7% -0.6% 1.1%

Table 14-96: Mont Ity to Walter - Comparison – LUC RDV versus OKGC – Domain 202
Portion of the GC Volume
LUC RDV OKGC LUC RDV - OKGC (% diff.)
Vol
Cut-Off Metal Vol (millions
(millions Au g/t Au g/t Metal Index Vol Au g/t Metal
Index m3)
m3)
0 0.47 0.71 0.34 0.47 0.69 0.33 0.0% 3.3% 3.3%
0.5 0.21 1.28 0.26 0.21 1.20 0.25 -2.6% 6.7% 3.9%
1 0.08 2.13 0.18 0.09 1.93 0.17 -3.0% 10.5% 7.1%

Table 14-97: Mont Ity to Walter - Comparison – LUC RDV versus OKGC – Domain 203
Portion of the GC Volume
LUC RDV OKGC LUC RDV - OKGC (% diff.)
Vol
Cut-Off Metal Vol (millions
(millions Au g/t Au g/t Metal Index Vol Au g/t Metal
Index m3)
m3)
0 0.46 1.00 0.46 0.46 1.03 0.47 0.0% -2.7% -2.7%
0.5 0.24 1.65 0.40 0.22 1.87 0.40 11.9% -11.6% -1.1%
1 0.14 2.34 0.33 0.11 3.09 0.33 32.2% -24.3% 0.0%

14.11 Mineral Resource Classification

The majority of deposits at Ity (Mont Ity to Walter, Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu, Gbéitouo, Aires,
Verse Ouest and Teckraie) have been classified by Cube Consulting, with the remainder
classified by Endeavour. Mineralisation has been sufficiently well-defined for the reporting of
Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources at most of the deposits, with the exception of Mont
Ity to Walter and Aires, where closer spaced drilling in areas proximal to active mining afford
increased confidence in estimated grades and the subsequent reporting of Measured
Resources.
In order to avoid a heterogeneous distribution of distinctly classified, individual blocks, the
quantity and quality of both qualitative geological information and more quantitative metrics
reflecting the quality of the estimation parameters selected were utilised to classify each of the
models.
Criteria assessed during classification include:

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• Geological and grade continuity: established based on drilling density, lithological

interpretations, structural complexity and application of an appropriate cut-off grade;
• Data quantity and quality: established based on drill hole spacing and sampling and analysis
protocols (including an independent review of QAQC programmes); and
• Quality of geostatistics and grade interpolation: In most instances block model estimates
validate well with the input sample data, with validations completed by one or more of the
following methods:
− Visual validation;
− Statistical validation; and
− Swath plots

Mont Ity to Walter

In consideration of all the factors discussed above, a combination of Measured, Indicated and
Inferred Mineral Resources are reported at the in-situ deposits at Mont Ity to Walter, as outlined
in Figure 14-89 to Figure 14-95. The drill spacing for the Ity to Walter insitu deposits is variable,
generally ranging from nominal 25m to 100m spacing drill holes on 25m to 100m spaced
sections. Indicated Mineral Resources are typically defined by a drill spacing of 25m x 25m but
can include some areas up to 50m x 50m with an average distance to the nearest sample of
less than 50m. Inferred Mineral Resources include the remaining interpreted and estimated
mineralisation. It is reasonable to expect that further resource definition drilling within the
Inferred areas could result in significant material departures of grade and tonnage both positive
and negative from the current Inferred Mineral Resource estimate, which is reflected in the
classification. The Measured Mineral Resources are limited to the volume informed by the
dense GC drill data.

Figure 14-89: Plan view of the Mineral Resource classification for Mont Ity to Walter.
Blue=Measured; Yellow=Indicated; Red=Inferred (Image source: Cube
Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-90: Isometric view of the Mineral Resource classification for Mont Ity and Ity
Flat looking to the north. Blue=Measured; Yellow=Indicated; Red=Inferred
(Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

Figure 14-91: Isometric view of the Mineral Resource classification for Ity Flat, Tontouo
and Walter looking to the west. Blue=Measured; Yellow=Indicated;
Red=Inferred (Image source: Cube Consulting, 2019)

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Figure 14-92: Zia NE Mineral Resource classification – plan view (Image source: Cube
Consulting)

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Figure 14-93: Bakatouo Mineral Resource classification – oblique view looking NNE
(Image source: Cube Consulting)

Figure 14-94: Daapleu Mineral Resource classification – oblique view looking south-
east (Image source: Cube Consulting)

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Figure 14-95: Gbéitouo Mineral Resource classification – oblique view looking east
(Image source: Cube Consulting)

Colline Sud
Endeavour Mining classified the 2017 Resource model for Colline Sud based on which kriging
search pass a given block was estimated in, as well as drill hole spacing. Only the resources
within the laterites and the saprolites were classified as Indicated Mineral Resources (Figure
14-96).

Figure 14-96: Colline Sud Mineral Resource classification – oblique view looking east

Le Plaque:
Endeavour Mining classified the 2019 Resource model for Le Plaque based on mineralisation
continuity, drill hole spacing and which kriging search pass a given block was estimated in.
Relatively closely spaced drilling (25m x 25m) and good grade continuity over a large portion
of the mineralisation domains allowed classification of a significant amount of Indicated material
where grades were estimated in search pass 1. Remaining blocks estimated in search pass 2
were classified as Inferred Mineral Resources (Figure 14-97).

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Figure 14-97: Le Plaque Mineral Resource classification – oblique view looking

northwest

Verse Ouest & Teckraie

Cube Consulting assessed the relevant criteria and interpreted robust and simplistic
classification boundaries to capture the level of confidence in the quality, quantity and
distribution of the data. The Verse Ouest & Teckraie Mineral Resources have been classified
as a combination of Measured, Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources. The drill spacing
defining the majority of rock dump material is regularly spaced by and ranges from 30m x 30m
to 10m x 10m drill holes. Where the drill spacing is 10m x 10m, this material is considered
sufficiently informed to be classified as Measured. The surrounding rock dump material is less
regularly drilled typically due to the slope angle of the rock dump however this is still considered
appropriate to be classified as Indicated. Minor distal areas of the rock dump which are very
poorly sampled are considered Inferred. The underlying laterite has been classified as Inferred
due to uncertainty regarding the grade distribution.
Figure 14-98 and Figure 14-99 display the overall block model classification.

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Figure 14-98: Verse Ouest & Teckraie Mineral Resource classification – plan view

Figure 14-99: Verse Ouest & Teckraie Mineral Resource classification – 759,700N +/-
10m

Aires
For the 2019 Aires MRE Update classification was based primarily on drill hole spacing,
whereby a central 3D volume encompassing the closely spaced grade control drilling (typically
<30m spacing) was attributed a Measured classification and an outer, peripheral volume with
wider spaced drilling was classified as Indicated. The remainder of the model was not classified
as a Mineral Resource. A plan view of the classified model is displayed in Figure 14-100.

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Figure 14-100: Aires Mineral Resource classification - plan view (1 = Measured, 2 =

Indicated, 4 = Unclassified) (Image source: Cube Consulting)

14.12 Ity Stockpiles

In addition to the Verse Ouest and Teckraie dumps, which contain material mined during
historical operations at Ity (and are represented by their own individual Mineral Resource
estimate), a total of 57 stockpiles exist hosting a variety of material types (low- to high-grade
oxide, transition and fresh material, as well as mineralised waste). These “active” stockpiles
typically reflect recently mined material (2019, with the exception of those relating to the prior
heap leach operation) from across the mine site. The 57 stockpiles contain a total of 3.96 Mt
material with an average grade of 0.82g/tAu, with the ten largest stockpiles accounting for
85.8% of the total active stockpile tonnes (Table 14-98).
The majority of the stockpiles have been produced during construction and operation of the Ity
CIL project during 2019, with only 8 stockpiles dating back to the heap leach operations. Each
of the stockpiles is surveyed by drone (cm-scale accuracy) and assigned loose density values
based on in-situ density measurements and a swell factor of 20% for oxide and transition
material and 15% for fresh rock. Drone surveys are accurate for all stockpiles at Ity as at 31
December 2019.
The gold grade of each stockpile is estimated based on a reconciliation of estimated grades
within a given volume (“ore perimeter”) of the mining (grade control) model (inclusive of dilution
and recovery factors) from a given in-situ deposit and the recovered volume of material hauled
to the stockpile. Where necessary, the estimated grade of the material hauled to the stockpile
is factored based on a comparison of the volume estimates from the mining model versus the
truck count. The stockpile movements and balances are incorporated in to and form part of the
mine to mill reconciliation exercise completed on a monthly basis.

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The stockpiles present at Ity, split by deposit area, are summarised in Table 14-98.

Table 14-98: Summary of stockpile volumes, tonnages and average grades at Ity
Built
Weath Grade Volume Loose Tonnage Au_Grade Metal Survey
Origin StockpileID during
Type Class (kbcm) SG (kt) (g/t) (kg) By
project
MW_OXIDE_D
AAPLEU_OFF Oxide MW 707.1 1.36 961.6 0.61 587 ITY_CIL
ROM
MW_FRESH_D
AAPLEU_OFF Fresh MW 0.1 2.30 0.2 0.65 0.2 ITY_CIL
ROM
LG_OXIDE_DA
APLEU_OFFR Oxide LG 2.4 1.36 3.2 0.61 2 ITY_CIL
OM
LG1_OXIDE_D
AAPLEU_OFF Oxide LG 63.1 1.36 85.8 1.05 90 ITY_CIL
ROM
LG2_OXIDE_D
AAPLEU_OFF Oxide LG 0.6 1.36 0.8 1.05 0.9 ITY_CIL
ROM
LG3_OXIDE_D
Daapleu AAPLEU_OFF Oxide LG 0.4 1.36 0.6 1.05 0.6 ITY_CIL Drone
ROM
LG_OXIDE_DA
APLEU_ROMP Oxide LG 15.0 1.36 20.5 1.04 21.3 ITY_CIL
AD
LG1_TRANS_D
AAPLEU_OFF Transition LG 0.5 1.72 0.8 1.05 0.9 ITY_CIL
ROM
LG2_TRANS_D
AAPLEU_OFF Transition LG 1.5 1.72 0.3 1.05 0.3 ITY_CIL
ROM
MG1_FRESH_
DAAPLEU_OF Fresh MG 28.5 2.30 65.4 1.13 73.8 ITY_CIL
FROM
MG2_FRESH_
DAAPLEU_OF Fresh MG 15 2.30 3.4 1.13 3.9 ITY_CIL
FROM
Total Daapleu Ore Stockpiles 819.2 1.39 1,143 0.68 780.3 ITY_CIL
MW_OXIDE_F
LAT_OFFROM Oxide MW 190.1 1.20 228 0.71 162 ITY_CIL
4
LG01_OXIDE_
FLAT_OFFRO Oxide LG 2.1 1.20 3 1.27 3 ITY_CIL
M1
LG02_OXIDE_
FLAT_OFFRO Oxide LG 1.8 1.20 2 1.27 3 ITY_CIL
M1
LG03_OXIDE_
FLAT_OFFRO Oxide LG 8.3 1.20 10 1.27 13 ITY_CIL
M1
LG04_OXIDE_
FLAT_OFFRO Oxide LG 5.9 1.20 7 1.27 9 ITY_CIL
M1
LG05_OXIDE_
FLAT_OFFRO Oxide LG 6.9 1.20 8 1.32 11 ITY_CIL
M1
LG06_OXIDE_
FLAT_OFFRO Oxide LG 3.3 1.20 4 1.22 5 ITY_CIL
M1
HG_OXIDE_FL
AT_VERSEES Oxide HG 13.5 1.04 14 3.08 43 ITY_CIL
T
Flat Drone
LG01_TRANS_
FLAT_OFFRO Transition LG 7.4 1.28 10 1.15 11 ITY_CIL
M1
LG02_TRANS_
FLAT_OFFRO Transition LG 14.5 1.28 19 1.17 22 ITY_CIL
M1
LG03_TRANS_
FLAT_OFFRO Transition LG 1.6 1.28 2 1.01 2 ITY_CIL
M1
MG_TRANS_F
Transition MG 8.5 1.2 10 1.82 18 ITY_CIL
LAT_ROMPAD
MG_TRANS_F
LAT_OFFROM Transition MG 0.6 1.28 0.8 1.76 1 ITY_CIL
1
HG_OXIDE_FL
Oxide HG 1.4 1.20 2 4.24 7 ITY_CIL
AT_OFFROM1
HG_OXIDE_FL
Oxide HG 1.1 1.20 1 2.50 3 ITY_CIL
AT_ROMPAD
HG01_TRANS_
FLAT_ROMPA Transition HG 2.3 1.28 3 3.86 11 ITY_CIL
D
HG02_TRANS_
FLAT_ROMPA Transition HG 1.8 2.16 4 2.00 8 ITY_CIL
D
Total Flat
Ore 271.1 1.21 327 1.02 333 ITY_CIL
Stockpiles
MW_OXIDE_B
AKA_OFFROM Oxide MW 204.1 1.20 245 0.71 174 ITY_CIL
Bakatouo 6 Drone
MW_OXIDE_B
Oxide MW 14.1 1.04 15 0.40 6 ITY_CIL
AKA_OFFROM

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Built
Weath Grade Volume Loose Tonnage Au_Grade Metal Survey
Origin StockpileID during
Type Class (kbcm) SG (kt) (g/t) (kg) By
project
5
MW_OXIDE_B
AKA_OFFORM Oxide MW 102 1.04 106 0.40 42 ITY_CIL
3
LG_OXIDE_BA
Oxide LG 21 1.04 22 1.14 25 ITY_CIL
KA_OFFROM1
LG_OXIDE_BA
Oxide LG 238 1.04 247 1.21 299 ITY_CIL
KA_OFFROM3
LG01_TRANS_
BAKA_OFFRO Transition LG 37 1.20 44 0.99 44 ITY_CIL
M5
LG02_TRANS_
BAKA_OFFRO Transition LG 5 1.20 6 1.04 6 ITY_CIL
M5
MG01_OXIDE_
BAKA_ROMPA Oxide MG 7 1.04 8 1.66 13 ITY_CIL
D
MG02_OXIDE_
BAKA_ROMPA Oxide MG 5 1.04 5 1.66 9 ITY_CIL
D
MG03_OXIDE_
BAKA_ROMPA Oxide MG 1.6 1.04 2 1.71 3 ITY_CIL
D
MG_OXIDE_B
AKA_OFFROM Oxide MG 7.6 1.04 8 1.96 16 ITY_CIL
1
MG_OXIDE_B
AKA_OFFROM Oxide MG .5 1.04 2.6 1.53 4 ITY_CIL
3
MG_OXIDE_B
AKA_OFFROM Oxide MG 1.0 1.04 1.1 1.91 2 ITY_CIL
5
MG_TRANS_B
Transition MG 7.9 1.20 9.4 1.61 15 ITY_CIL
AKA_ROMPAD
MG01_TRANS
_BAKA_OFFR Transition MG 13 1.2 1.5 1.91 3 ITY_CIL
OM5
MG02_TRANS
_BAKA_OFFR Transition MG 3.7 1.2 4.4 2.07 9 ITY_CIL
OM5
HG_OXIDE_BA
Oxide HG 2.1 1.04 2.1 2.81 6 ITY_CIL
KA_ROMPAD
HG_OXIDE_BA
Oxide HG 0.2 1.04 0.2 2.65 0.5 ITY_CIL
KA_OFFROM3
HG_TRANS_B
Transition HG 1.2 1.2 1.4 3.76 5 ITY_CIL
AKA_ROMPAD
Total Bakatouo Ore Stockpiles 663 1.10 731 0.93 682 ITY_CIL
MW_OXIDE_AI
Oxide MW 215 1.2 257 0.68 175 ITY_CIL
RE_OFFROM7
Aires Drone
MW_OXIDE_AI
Oxide MW 1 1.08 1 0.59 1 ITY_CIL
RE_ROMPAD
Total Aires Ore Stockpiles 217 1.20 259 0.68 176 ITY_CIL
ITY_HEAP
Zia_Old_MW Oxide MW 266 1.20 319 0.70 223
LEACH
Zia NE Drone
ITY_HEAP
Zia_Old_LG Oxide LG 13 1.20 16 1.00 16
LEACH
ITY_HEAP
Total Zia NE Ore Stockpiles 278 1.20 335 0.71 240
LEACH
MW_OXIDE_B ITY_HEAP
Oxide MW 210 1.20 252 0.53 133
AKA LEACH
Bakatouo Drone
LG_OXIDE_BA ITY_HEAP
Oxide LG 43 1.20 52 1.21 63
KA LEACH
ITY_HEAP
Total Bakatouo Ore Stockpiles 253 1.20 304 0.65 196
LEACH
MW_FRESH_I ITY_HEAP
Ity Fresh MW 15 1.62 23 0.50 12 Drone
TY LEACH
ITY_HEAP
Total Ity Ore Stockpiles 16 1.62 23 0.50 112
LEACH
MW_OXIDE_IT
ITY_HEAP
Y_VERSEOUE Oxide MW 47 1.20 56 0.60 34
LEACH
ST
LG01_OXIDE_I
Verse ITY_HEAP
TY_VERSEOU Oxide LG 420 1.20 504 1.00 502 Drone
Ouest LEACH
EST
LG02_OXIDE_I
ITY_HEAP
TY_VERSEOU Oxide LG 227 1.20 273 1.10 301
LEACH
EST
ITY_HEAP
Total Verse Ouest Ore Stockpiles 694 1.20 833 1.00 835
LEACH
Total 3,210 1.23 3,955 0.82 3,254

14.13 Grade Control and Reconciliation

Grade Control Methodology
Since the commencement of the CIL Processing Plant at the start of 2019, the Ity deposits are
systematically infilled by RC grade control drilling. This was initially conducted on a 10m x 5m
drill pattern; which was widened to a 12.5m x 6m spacing in late 2019. Most of the programmes
to date have covered a 20m vertical extent, with holes inclined at -50 or -55 degrees.

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Samples are collected in 1m increments from a cyclone and are split using a riffle splitter to
produce samples of approximately 2kg mass. The same QAQC protocol are applied as are
used in the exploration stages.
Samples are analysed for gold by fire assay at the site laboratory run by SGS. The Ity area
deposits are also analysed for cyanide-soluble cyanide and silver, with some of these analyses
undertaken at the site SGS laboratory whilst the remainder is analysed at SGS Ouagadougou
due to limited capacity in the current site laboratory. However, it is planned to upgrade the site
laboratory capacity later in 2020. Grade control samples from Daapleu are now also analysed
for arsenic, with this undertaken at SGS facilities in Bamako and Tarkwa. Utilising this analysis,
the grade control models can be used to better control the feed blends to the process plant and
help determine reagent levels required to optimise gold recoveries. The cyanide-soluble
copper, from weathered chalcopyrite, is a problem within the transitional ore from the Ity area
deposits; and the levels of this must be controlled in the feed to the process plant as higher
dosing of sodium cyanide is necessary to counter the elevated cyanide-soluble copper. If the
level of cyanide-soluble copper in the processing plant feed is too high, then the sodium cyanide
dosing cannot be raised sufficiently, and gold recovery is impacted.
The exploration drilling had limited analysis for total copper and silver; and, as a result, the MRE
model values are of lower confidence; with some areas given an assigned average estimate.
As expected, these values reconcile relatively poorly with the detailed GC data and model.
Figure 14-101 shows an indicative section of Bakatouo, with GC drilling shown against the MRE
model and then the GC model. At Bakatouo, the GC drilling confirms the interpreted geology
and main mineralisation controls in the MRE model.
Figure 14-102 shows the same indicative section from Bakatouo with the GC model of total
copper, cyanide-soluble copper and silver. The current GC drill area below 215mRL will have
analyses for every metre sample, whilst the previous GC pattern was only analysed for these
elements on a more limited basis.
Figure 14-103 shows comparative plans at the 225mRL elevation to compare the MRE and GC
models for estimated Au and CuCN values.

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Figure 14-101: Section showing Bakatouo GC Drilling versus MRE model and GC model
for Au – note GC drilling from 215mRL is ongoing with modelling to follow
(figure looking NE)

Figure 14-102: Section showing Bakatouo GC model distribution for Total Cu, cyanide-
soluble copper (CuCN) and silver relative to drill holes displaying gold
values – note GC drilling from 215mRL is ongoing with modelling to
follow (figure looking NE)

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Figure 14-103: Section showing Bakatouo GC model distribution for Total Cu, cyanide-
soluble copper (CuCN) and silver relative to drill holes displaying gold
values – note GC drilling from 215mRL is ongoing with modelling to
follow (figure looking NE)

Infill grade control drilling to date has shown good correlation with the wider exploration
definition drilling supporting the Mineral Resource model (Figure 14-104). The main high-grade
zones in the volcanic metasediment are confirmed by the closer-spaced drill data, with expected
slightly less continuity of higher grades within the daaplite (rhyolite) hanging wall (Figure
14-105).

Figure 14-104: Section showing Daapleu GC drilled area and exploration drilling (figure
looking NE)

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Figure 14-105: Plan of Daapleu at 245mRL comparing the MRE and GC Models

The fresh Daapleu ore is refractory, with gold locked in arsenopyrite. Ongoing metallurgical
test work has shown differential proportions of leachable versus refractory gold in different parts
of the deposit; whilst the life of mine assumption is for an average gold recovery of 59% in the
current processing plant configuration. The arsenic can be modelled as a proxy to arsenopyrite
levels and indicative recovery. This work has only just commenced in 2020 with mining of the
Daapleu deposit reaching the fresh rock interface; and is aimed at defining the optimum
processing strategy in the current processing plant and understanding the potential economics
of additional processes to increase the metallurgical recovery.

Reconciliation
Monthly reconciliation measures are recorded for Ity and comparative factors analysed. The

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measurement of each step in the process in a consistent format provides information that can:
• Highlight issues in the Mineral Resource and grade control modelling, the level of data
support and methodologies applied, to enable these to be improved and risk reduced;
• Provide measurement of achieved dilution and ore loss to feed back to the mine planning
design parameters;
• Highlight any inefficiencies in the estimation, mining and processing steps, so that corrective
actions can be implemented;
• Enable continual improvement of management and economic decisions across the entire
discovery to process chain;
• Increase the ability to highlight and investigate gold theft or fraud;
• Overall ability to increase the level of confidence in mine plans and investment decisions
with improved economic outcomes.
The measured reconciliation factors for the 24-month period up to February 2020 are
summarised in Figure 14-106. Multiple reconciliation measures are calculated each month in
order that the relationship between various stages in the model to mine to mill chain can be
better understood. Principally the mining allocated (or declared ore mined) measure is
calculated from the plant accounted tonnes and metal plus the change in stockpiles; and this
can then be compared to the depletion of the Mineral Resource and grade control models. The
resultant factors indicate the net change or relative ore loss and dilution from infill grade control
drilling, ore perimeter design, and mining process inclusive of blast movement. These factors
can be used to modify the factors applied in short term and long-term planning processes.

Figure 14-106: Ity Reconciliation Measures – 24-month period up to February 2020

For the Ity deposits globally the Mineral Resource (“MRE”) model factors comparing Mineral
Resource model depletion to reconciled mined (mining allocated) are:
• Tonnes: 95.7%;
• Grade: 98.0%; and
• Metal: 91.9%.

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Within the global results, there is observed variability between deposits and different areas of
each deposit. The Bakatouo and Daapleu deposits were not mined during the previous heap
leach operation at Ity, and during 2019 exhibited relatively robust reconciliation. The Ity Flat
Stage 2 open pit has shown poor reconciliation; which was predominantly a result of limited drill
data to inform the estimate (expanded on below), the Stage 3 pit is not anticipated to encounter
a similar issue.
The Ity Flat pit was completed at the beginning of February 2020; but had a negative tonnage
reconciliation of -30% at the MRE grade for a similar -30% metal factor. There was some
volume variation, as well as less continuity of both higher grade and lower grade mineralisation
seen in the grade control data. This problem arose from limited drill data supporting the MRE
model, as the original Ity Flat pit had very few drill holes and was mined using rip line sampling;
and hence there was more restricted data support for the Stage 2 area immediately below the
old pit floor(Figure 14-107), as well as reduced ability to accurately model the weathering
interfaces.
The Ity pit Mineral Reserve is based upon the Stage 3 open pit design, where there is much
better drill data support than was the case for the small Ity Flat Stage 2 open pit; and, therefore,
it is not anticipated that the same variances will be seen between the MRE model and the
resultant grade control model.
The Mineral Reserve process used MRE models that were regularized to an smu block
dimension to account for some of the change of support from grade control drilling and later
mining design; and, in light of the 2019 reconciliation data and data support for future mining,
the additional modifying factor was an overall 95% recovery factor.
Given that the CIL operation with increased mining rates has only been underway since the
beginning of 2019, the reconciliation data will be periodically reviewed in order to determine if
modifying factors should be further adjusted in future. Furthermore, the reconciliation data
framework is being rebuilt to ensure robust data is collected and that future analysis will be
reliable in terms of improving the geology, planning and mining processes.
As more data becomes available, a continuous improvement process will be undertaken to
improve the feedback loop between Mineral Resource estimation, mine planning, and the grade
control and mining process.

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Figure 14-107: Section of Ity Flat MRE and GC models showing more limited exploration
drilling within areas of existing open pit (figure looking NE)

14.14 Assessment of Reasonable Prospects for Eventual Economic Extraction

(“RPEEE”)
For the purpose of public reporting of Mineral Resources, each of the in-situ deposits is reported
inside an optimised pit shell above a 0.5g/tAu cut-off (0.3g/tAu at Zia NE), where this was
deemed to satisfy the requirement for the Mineral Resources to have reasonable prospects for
eventual economic extraction. Each of the pit optimisations assumes a gold price of
US$1,500/oz. Key optimisation parameters for each deposit are summarised in Table 14-99.
The Mont Ity to Walter costs and recoveries are based upon 2019 mining/processing costs and
recoveries. The cost and recovery parameters for Zia NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu and Gbéitouo
are based upon the engineered cost estimates from the September 2017 Ity Optimization Study

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completed by Lycopodium. The cost estimates and recoveries used for Colline Sud and Le
Plaque are preliminary/ benchmarked costs and recoveries.

Table 14-99: Key input pit optimisation parameters

Rock Mont Ity to Colline
Parameter Unit Zia NE Bakatouo Daapleu Gbéitouo Le Plaque
Type Walter Sud
Pit Slope Angle deg - 26.5 - 50.6 30 - 45 26 - 50 26 - 50 26 - 45 40 40
Ox
Base Mining
$/t Trans 1.15 - 3.09 3 3 3 3 3.5 3 - 3.6
Cost
Fresh
Ox 30 20
Processing Cost 11.86 –
$/t Trans 16.72 - 19.37 11.32 13.07 - 15.41 12.83 30 20
(inc. G&A) 14.78
Fresh 20 20
Ox 94.5
Process
% Trans 84 to 96 96.7 84.0 66.0 - 85.2 87.7 90 90
Recovery
Fresh 97.0
Mining
% - 84 to 96 100 100 100 100 95 95
Recovery
Dilution % - 0 0 0 0 0 10 20
Selling Costs
(royalty, refining $/oz - 61.65 50 50 50 50 50 50
& selling)
Au Selling price $/oz 1500

14.15 Historical Estimates

In accordance with the terms and definitions applied in the Requirements there are no Historical
Estimates reported in this Technical Report.

14.16 Mineral Resource Statement (31 December 2019)

Mineral Resource deposit specific statements
For the purpose of public reporting of in-situ Mineral Resources at Ity (Mont Ity to Walter, Zia
NE, Bakatouo, Daapleu, Gbéitouo, Colline Sud and Le Plaque), these have been reported
inside optimised pit shells (US$1,500/oz Au price) above a 0.5g/tAu cut-off (0.3g/tAu for Zia
NE) and depleted for mining, where applicable. The Mineral Resource statements are
presented in Table 14-101 to Table 14-108 below where the following notes apply:
• Effective date of 31 December 2019;
• Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Mineral Reserves;
• Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability. The estimate of Mineral Resources may be materially affected by environmental,
permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-political, marketing, or other relevant issues;
• Mineral Resources are estimated using a gold price of US$1,500 per ounce; and
• Mineral Resources are constrained by a pit shell generated in Whittle software.

Table 14-100: Mont Ity to Walter Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019)
Cut-
Resource Tonnes
off Grade (g/tAu) Contained Metal (kozAu)
Category (Mt)
(g/tAu)
Measured 0.5 1.95 1.69 106
Indicated 0.5 7.76 1.72 429
Measured
+ 0.5 9.71 1.71 535
Indicated
Inferred 0.5 9.66 1.35 418

Table 14-101: Zia NE Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019)

Cut-
Resource Tonnes
off Grade (g/tAu) Contained Metal (kozAu)
Category (Mt)
(g/tAu)
Indicated 0.3 7.21 1.03 238
Inferred 0.3 5.21 1.14 191

Table 14-102: Bakatouo Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019)

Cut-
Resource Tonnes
off Grade (g/tAu) Contained Metal (kozAu)
Category (Mt)
(g/tAu)
Indicated 0.5 8.83 2.15 611
Inferred 0.5 0.56 2.27 41

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Table 14-103: Daapleu Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019)

Cut-
Resource Tonnes
off Grade (g/tAu) Contained Metal (kozAu)
Category (Mt)
(g/tAu)
Indicated 0.5 26.28 1.49 1,256
Inferred 0.5 0.64 0.90 19

Table 14-104: Gbéitouo Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019)

Contained Metal (Au
Resource Category Cut-off (Au g/t) Tonnes (Mt) Grade (Au g/t)
koz)
Indicated 0.5 2.87 1.35 124
Inferred 0.5 0.27 1.48 13

Table 14-105: Colline Sud Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019)
Contained Metal (Au
Resource Category Cut-off (Au g/t) Tonnes (Mt) Grade (Au g/t)
koz)
Indicated 0.5 0.96 2.14 66
Inferred 0.5 0.42 2.11 28

Table 14-106: Le Plaque Sud Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019)
Contained Metal (Au
Resource Category Cut-off (Au g/t) Tonnes (Mt) Grade (Au g/t)
koz)
Indicated 0.5 4.63 3.20 476
Inferred 0.5 0.50 3.08 50

Table 14-107: Aires Sud Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019)
Contained Metal (Au
Resource Category Cut-off (Au g/t) Tonnes (Mt) Grade (Au g/t)
koz)
Measured 0.0 1.48 0.80 38
Indicated 0.0 3.55 1.03 118
Measured + Indicated 0.0 5.03 0.96 156

Table 14-108: Verse Ouest & Teckraie Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019)
Contained Metal (Au
Resource Category Cut-off (Au g/t) Tonnes (Mt) Grade (Au g/t)
koz)
Measured 0.0 2.88 0.95 88
Indicated 0.0 6.09 1.01 196
Measured + Indicated 0.0 8.89 0.99 284
0.0 0.41 0.91 12
Inferred
0.5 0.53 0.68 11
Inferred Total - 0.93 0.78 23

Mineral Resource Consolidated Statement

The total Mineral Resource estimate for the Ity Gold Mine as at 31 December 2019 is reported
for each of the individual deposits in Table 14-109 below and includes:
• Measured Mineral Resources totalling 10.3Mt grading 1.02g/tAu for contained metal of
337koz;
• Indicated Mineral Resources totalling 68.1Mt grading 1.61g/tAu for contained metal of
3,514kozAu; and
• Inferred Mineral Resources totalling 18.0Mt grading 1.35g/tAu for contained metal of
780kozAu.
Furthermore, in reviewing the Mineral Resource statements as reported herein the following
notes should also be considered:
• The Mineral Resources have an effective date of 31 December 2019;
• The Qualified Persons responsible for the reporting of the Mineral Resources as at 31
December 2019 are:
− Kevin Harris (CPG), Vice President Resources, Endeavour Mining Corporation who was
responsible for the following deposits, Colline Sud Deposit and the Le Plaque Deposit.,
− Mark Zammit (MAIG), Principal Consultant, Cube Consulting Pty Ltd who was
responsible for all Mineral Resources for the Ity deposits (except Colline Sud and Le
Plaque deposits);
• All Mineral Resources are reported within an optimised shell generated assuming a long-
term gold price of US$1,500/oz and an in-situ cut-off grade of 0.5g/tAu with the exception of

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Zia NE, Aires and Verse Ouest & Teckraie (see deposit specific statements);
• Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability; and
• The Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources are inclusive of those Mineral Resources
modified to produce Mineral Reserves.

Table 14-109: Ity Gold Mine Mineral Resource statement (31 December 2019)
Classification & Deposit Tonnage Grade Content
(kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu)
Measured
Mont Ity/Flat/Walter 1,953 1.69 106
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 2,879 0.95 88
Aires Leach Pads 1,476 0.80 38
Stockpiles 3,955 0.83 105
Subtotal 10,263 1.02 337
Indicated
Mont Ity/Flat/Walter 7,757 1.72 429
Zia NE 7,206 1.03 238
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 6,015 1.01 196
Daapleu 26,276 1.49 1,256
Gbéitouo 2,865 1.35 124
Aires Leach Pads 3,555 1.03 118
Bakatouo 8,834 2.15 611
Collin Sud 958 2.14 66
Le Plaque 4,628 3.20 476
Subtotal 68,093 1.61 3,514
Measured + Indicated
Mont Ity/Flat/Walter 9,710 1.71 535
Zia NE 7,206 1.03 238
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 8,894 0.99 284
Daapleu 26,276 1.49 1,256
Gbéitouo 2,865 1.35 124
Aires Leach Pads 5,031 0.96 156
Bakatouo 8,834 2.15 611
Collin Sud 958 2.14 66
Le Plaque 4,628 3.20 476
Stockpiles 3,955 0.83 105
Total 78,356 1.53 3,851
Inferred
Mont Ity/Flat/Walter 9,662 1.35 418
Zia NE 5,214 1.14 191
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 761 0.84 21
Daapleu 643 0.90 19
Gbéitouo 270 1.50 13
Bakatouo 561 2.27 41
Collin Sud 419 2.08 28
Le Plaque 502 3.08 50
Subtotal 18,032 1.35 780

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15 MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATE

15.1 Introduction
The Mineral Reserve Estimate (31 December 2019) includes eight open pit gold deposits,
named Mont Ity / Ity Flat, Bakatouo, Daapleu, Walter, Zia NE (north-east), Gbéitouo, Le Plaque
and Colline Sud. The decommissioned Aires leach pad, Teckraie dump and Verse Ouest dump
contain Measured and Indicated material resources that were included in the production
schedules. Figure 15-1 shows a locality map of all the mining locations in relation to the process
plant. Current mining activities are taking place at Ity Flat, Bakatouo, Daapleu, Aires leach pad
and Verse Ouest dump.

Figure 15-1: Ity Gold Mine Site Map (Source: Endeavour)

Endeavour completed the 2020 Life of Mine (“LoMp”) plan with the major inputs to the mining
study provided by the following sources:
• Resource models used were a mix between previous Cube Consulting models and new
internally generated models (as included in the MRE 31 December 2019);
• Topographic surfaces used were all internally generated based on the end of year surveys
at 31 December 2019;
• General and administration costs, processing costs and process recoveries were updated
with actual figures as far as possible, though to a large extent based on the Ity CIL Project
Optimisation Study dated September 2017;
• Pit optimisations remained unchanged to the last optimisations reviewed by Snowden at the
end of 2017 for Daapleu, Bakatouo, Zia and Gbéitouo. Revised optimisations were

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completed to incorporate additional drilling data for Ity, Walter, Colline Sud (due to change
in processing methodology from Heap Leach to CIL) and the inclusion of the Le Plaque pit;
• Preliminary mining cost estimates for pit optimisation and financial modelling purposes were
based on a detailed owner mining cost model. Costs were derived from first principle
equipment productivity calculations, detailed haulage analysis of each bench elevation and
OEM equipment life cycle cost per operating hour; and
• Geotechnical appraisal and pit slope recommendations remained unchanged as provided
by Peter O’Bryan & Associates (“POA”), in August / September 2016.
The tasks completed for the planning of the Ity Gold Mine open pits can be summarised as
follows:
• Pit limit optimisations to determine if any changes to the ultimate pit limits are required;
• Mine designs were completed for reoptimized and additional pits. The designs of waste
dumps, stockpile areas and haul roads were reviewed and improved where possible;
• Calculation of open pit mining inventory and reserves estimate statement;
• Preparation of detailed production schedules in Geovia MineSched scheduling software for
mining, milling and stockpiling operations based on multiple pits and ore types;
• Mining equipment and manpower estimates based on the production schedule;
• Mine operating and capital cost estimates from first principles; and
• Reconciliation of the study results and preparation of final study report.

15.2 Key Assumptions / Basis of Estimates

Block Models and Surfaces
The resource models used included the gold grades, rock type (facies), oxidation state,
confidence category and density values. The end of period surface topography for 31
December 2019 was applied as the starting surface in the pit optimisations and volume /
tonnage calculations for the reserves.
The resource models were already classified into Measured, Indicated and Inferred categories
complying with the CIM Definition Standards for Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves.
Also, in line with the CIM Definition Standards, only the Measured and Indicated category
resources were included in the pit optimisations and the resultant reserve estimates in the pit
designs.

Dilution and Ore Loss

Table 15-1 shows the effective ore recovery from the mining activity and the effective dilution
factors applied in reporting the Mineral Reserves. On the left-hand side, the physicals of ore
quantities, gold grades and gold contents were calculated within individual pits based on the
original resource models using the same cut-off grades as the Mineral Reserves discussed later
in the section. On the right-hand side, the same physicals of the reported reserve numbers are
shown. Based on the variations between the two sets of information, effective ore and gold
recovery and dilution factors were calculated using the following equations: Effective Gold
Recovery (“EGR”) (%) = Gold (2) / Gold (1) * 100; and Effective Dilution (%) = Ore (2) / [Ore (1)
* EGR) * 100.

Table 15-1: Ore Tonnes Comparison Before and After Modifying Factors
ITY Based on Resource Models Mineral Reserves inside Pits Modifying Parameters
Ore(1) Grade(1) Gold(1) Ore(2) Grade(2) Gold(2) Dilution Recovery
Classification
Pit Kt g/t (kozAu) (kt) (g/t/Au) (koz) (%) (%)
Mont Ity / Ity Flat Mea + Ind 5,132 1.98 326 4,977 1.96 314 101 96
Bakatouo Mea + Ind 8,139 2.24 586 7,773 2.24 560 100 96

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ITY Based on Resource Models Mineral Reserves inside Pits Modifying Parameters
Ore(1) Grade(1) Gold(1) Ore(2) Grade(2) Gold(2) Dilution Recovery
Classification
Pit Kt g/t (kozAu) (kt) (g/t/Au) (koz) (%) (%)
Daapleu Mea + Ind 16,627 1.73 923 15,958 1.71 880 101 95
Walter Mea + Ind 2,682 1.32 114 2,543 1.33 108 99 95
Zia NE Mea + Ind 6,360 1.09 223 6,359 1.09 223 100 100
Verse Ouest/Teckraie Mea + Ind 8,862 1.03 294 8,080 1.02 266 101 90
Gbéitouo Mea + Ind 2,645 1.33 113 2,630 1.29 109 103 96
Le Plaque Mea + Ind 4,154 3.19 426 5,508 2.34 415 136 97
Colline Sud Mea + Ind 524 2.15 36 450 1.64 24 131 65
Aires Leach Pad Mea + Ind 3,679 1.16 137 3,887 1.13 141 102 103
All pits Measured 5,679 1.22 223 5,472 1.21 214 101 96
All Pits Indicated 53,125 1.73 2,955 52,692 1.67 2,825 104 96
All Pits Mea + Ind 58,804 1.68 3,178 58,165 1.63 3,039 103 96

It should be noted that the resource models for Ity / Walter, low grade dumps (Verse Ouest /
Teckerie), Aires Heap Leach, Colline Sud and Le Plaque had small subblocks with minimum
block size varying in size as shown in Table 15-2 and were re-blocked (regularised) to 5m x 5m
x 2.5m Selective Mining Unit (“SMU”) size along Easting (X-direction), Northing (Y-direction)
and Depth (Z-direction), respectively. The other resource models were constructed using
regularised SMU size blocks. At the time of writing this report, Ity Flat, Bakatouo and Daapleu
pits were being mined actively.
After the re-blocking process, -5% ore loss factor applied to Ity, Bakatouo, Daapleu, Walter and
Gbéitouo pits. It was assumed that re-blocking has diluted Le Plaque, Dumps and Aires pits
sufficiently and no other factors were applied.
For Zia pit, it was assumed the resource model with SMU size block has sufficient inherent
dilution in the orebody and no further factor was applied. Most of the ore in the pit is oxide, with
only 16% fresh ore. Thus, lower dilution is expected due to limited blasting requirements.
Overall, the effective ore dilution is -2.8% due to applied ore loss factors, though the reblocking
process converted some ore blocks to waste. This resulted in effective gold recovery of 94.2%
which was applied to the resource model. These factors are considered reasonable, especially
since many of the resource models including Daapleu, Bakatouo, Zia and Gbéitouo pits were
constructed using SMU sized equilibrized blocks.

Table 15-2: The resource model minimum subblock size and parent block size
Open Pit Subblock Size Parent blocks
X (m) Y (m) z (m) X (m) Y (m) z (m)
Mont Ity/Flat 2.5 2.5 1.25 5 5 2.5
Bakatouo 5 5 2.5 10 10 5
Daapleu 5 5 2.5 5 5 2.5
Walter 2.5 2.5 1.25 5 5 2.5
Zia NE 5 5 2.5 5 5 2.5
Verse Ouest / Teckraie 2.5 2.5 1.25 10 10 2.5
Gbéitouo 5 5 2.5 5 5 2.5
Le Plaque 1.25 1.25 2.5 10 10 2.5
Colline Sud 1.25 2.5 0.625 5 10 2.5
Aires Leach Pad 2.5 2.5 1.25 10 10 2.5

Gold Price, Royalty and Discounting

A gold price of US$1,300/oz was used in the calculation of the economic cut-off grades for
mineral reserves reporting. As shown in Table 15-3 the net gold price is US$1,245/oz after
deducting refining charges and royalty from the payable gold price. This Mineral Reserve has
changed from 2018 with optimisations and minor changes to Ity and Walter pit. Ity Flat was
depleted, whilst the Colline Sud pits and Le Plaque pit were added to the Mineral Reserve
estimate. The other mining areas were left unchanged. A 5% discount rate was used in
evaluations of discounted cash flows in the optimisation studies.

Table 15-3: The resource model minimum subblock size and parent block size
Gold Price (US$/oz) 1,300
Valorem Tax (%) 3.50
Payable Gold (%) 100
Refining and Transport (US$/oz) 9.15
Net Price (US$/oz) 1,245
Pit Optimisation Net Price (US$/g) 40.04

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Mining Cost
Mining costs were derived by first principle owner mining calculations based on the 2019 mining
schedule and haulage analysis. The average mining cost per material type is summarised in
Table 15-4 for each mining area.

Table 15-4: Average Mining Cost (per material type)

Average Mining Cost per Tonne Mined

Le Plaque (z mRL)
Mont Ity / Ity FIat

Dumps / Aires
Colline Sud
Bakatouo

Gbéitouo
Daapleu

Walter
Zia
Material Type Unit

Mining Cost (Oxide) (US$/t) 2.43 2.40 1.87 2.02 1.71 1.95 1.89 2.13 2.69-0.0022 x Z
Mining Cost (Transition) (US$/t) 4.21 2.48 3.71 3.94 3.56 3.75 3.75 4.38-0.0022 x Z
Mining Cost (Fresh) (US$/t) 3.66 3.86 3.34 3.68 3.23 3.54 3.09 4.00-0.0022 x Z
Ore/Waste Diff (Oxide) (US$/tOre) 1.12 0.76 0.66 1.55 1.04 1.45 0.81 2.23
Ore/Waste Diff (Trans) (US$/tOre) 1.17 0.73 0.59 1.10 1.01 1.46 0.76 2.21
Ore/Waste Diff (Fresh) (US$/tOre) 1.17 0.62 0.50 1.06 0.90 1.39 n/a 2.08

Mining costs were calculated for individual activities, Load, Haul, Drill and Blast, Grade Control
Drilling, Ancillary Equipment, Dewatering and Re-handle.
• Loading: Loading costs were calculated by applying detailed OEM life cycle costs per
operating hour. Productivities were calculated considering dig rate factor for oxide,
transitional and fresh material and equipment pairing. The current loading fleet consists of
three different models of Komatsu excavators due to the combination of rigid body (90t) and
articulated dump truck (40t) and four sizes of front-end wheel loaders (Table 15-5).

Table 15-5: Excavators and Loaders Utilised

Excavator Rated bucket Load
/ Loader (m3)
Komatsu PC1250 5.5
Komatsu PC450 2.8
Komatsu PC220 1.3
Komatsu WA800 10.0
Komatsu WA600 6.4
Komatsu WA500 4.5
Komatsu WA320 2.3

• Haulage: Cycle times for each individual bench were calculated based on the detailed cycle
time study from the Ity Gold Mine DFS to generate a cost per elevation for haulage. Truck
and shovel compatibility was considered in estimating truck loading times and productivities.
The truck fleet consists of two different models (Table 15-6).

Table 15-6: Truck Models Utilised

Rated Truck Load
DUMP TRUCK
Tonnes (t)
Komatsu 785 - Ridged Dump Truck 99.0
Volvo A40D - Articulated Dump Truck 37.0

• Drill and Blast: Drill and blast costs were based on current contracts and assume oxide
material as fee dig. The following tables summarise the drill and blast design (Table 15-7)
and the associated costs (Table 15-8).

Table 15-7: Blast Design

Drill & Blast Physicals
Item Unit Oxide Tran Fresh
Hole Diameter (mm) 0.00 115 115
Bench Height (m) 0.00 5.00 5.00
Burden (m) 0.00 3.20 3.00
Spacing (m) 0.00 3.70 3.50
Sub-Drill (m) 0.00 1.00 1.00
Stemming Length (m) 0.00 3.00 2.50
Explosive (type) N/A Emulsion Emulsion
Charge Depth (m) 0.00 3.0 3.5
Charge Explosive (kg) 0.00 35.8 41.8
Volume per Hole (m³) 0.00 59 53
Powder Factor (kg/bcm) 0.00 0.61 0.80

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Table 15-8: Drilling and Blasting Cost Applied

Drill Costs
Hole Size (mm) Unit Oxid Tran Fresh
115 $/m 0.00 12.13 15.78
Blasting Costs
Item Unit Oxide Tran Fresh
Drill Cost (US$/bcm) 0.00 1.23 1.80
Stemming Cost (US$/bcm) 0.00 0.001 0.001
Explosives Cost (US$/bcm) 0.00 0.43 0.57
Accessory Cost (US$/bcm) 0.00 0.38 0.42
Fixed Costs (US$/bcm) 0.00 0.56 0.56
Sub Total (US$/bcm) 0.00 2.60 3.35
Pre-Split/Buffer Holes (US$/bcm) 0.00 0.13 0.17
Total Cost (US$/bcm) blasted 0.00 2.72 3.52
Total Cost (US$/bcm) blasted 0.00 1.65 1.30

• Grade Control Drilling: Grade control costs comprise of drilling, materials and supplies
and the associated assay cost (dependent on the sample). Drilling costs were calculated
considering ore and waste per material type, oxide, transitional and fresh drilling patterns.
The following Table 15-9 summarises the type of assay tests required for each mining
location. Table 15-10 shows the grade control drill parameters used per rock type.

Table 15-9: GC Assay Options

Dumps/ Aires
Mont Ity/ Ity

Colline Sud

Le Plaque
Bakatouo

Gbéitouo
Daapleu

GC

Walter
Flat
Assay Zia
options

Assaying-Gold Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes

Assaying-Total Copper No Yes No Yes No No No No No
Assaying-Soluble Copper No Yes No Yes No No No No No
Assaying-Silver No No No No No No No No No
Assaying-Arsenic Yes No No No No No No No Yes

Table 15-10: Grade Control Parameters

Item Unit Oxide Tran Fresh
Burden (along strike) (m) 10 10 10
Spacing (across strike) (m) 5 5 5
Vertical Depth (m) 20 20 20
Drill Dip (°) 60 60 60
Percentage in Ore (%) 140 140 140
Slope Depth (m) 23.1 23.1 23.1
Volume per hole (t/hole) 1,500 1,650 2,700

• Ancillary Equipment: Ancillary equipment operating hours were calculated based on the
assumptions in Table 15-11. OEM life cycle costs per hour were applied per equipment type.

Table 15-11: Ancillary Assumptions

Ancillary Assumptions
Grader ratio 10 (Truck hours)
Water cart ratio 13 (Truck hours)
Track Dozer ratio 1,200 (t/hr)
Wheel Dozer ratio 2,400 (t/hr)
Grader SMU Factor / Idle 1.00
Water Cart SMU Factor / Idle 1.00
Track Dozer SMU Factor / Idle 1.15
Wheel Dozer SMU Factor / Idle 1.20
Dozing ratio at stockpile 30 (% of wheel dozer hours)

• Dewatering: Dewatering costs are based on historical costs and taken from the 2019
budget as a unit rate of US$0.07/t mined.
• Re-handle: 80% re-handle was assumed in mining and processing schedules. The
calculated cost was based on front end loaded productivities and OEM equipment life cycle
cost per operating hour as shown in Table 15-12 as “Crusher Feed Cost”.

Throughput Rates and Operating Costs

Plant average throughput rate was planned at 5.2Mtpa as summarised in Table 15-12. This
cost includes ore mining cost, processing cost and general and administration. Cost inputs
used were obtained from above-mentioned analysis and the Ity CIL Project Optimisation Study.

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Table 15-12: Average Processing Cost per Location

Processing Cost

Dumps/Aires
Colline Sud

Le Plaque
Bakatouo

ITY/FLAT

Gbéitouo
Daapleu

Walter
Zia
Activity Unit

Ore Mining Cost Component

Grade Control (Oxide) (US$/tOre) 0.21 0.24 0.20 0.24 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.24 0.29
Grade Control (Trans) (US$/tOre) 0.19 0.22 0.18 0.22 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.22 0.29
Grade Control (Fresh) (US$/tOre) 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.25
Crusher Feed Cost (Oxide) (US$/tOre) 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.45 0.47
Crusher Feed Cost (Transition) (US$/tOre) 0.42 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.45
Crusher Feed Cost (Fresh) (US$/tOre) 0.34 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 - 0.36
Overland Haulage Cost (Oxide) (US$/tOre) 0.86 0.86 1.47
Overland Haulage Cost (Transition) (US$/tOre) 0.86 0.86 1.47
Overland Haulage Cost (Fresh) (US$/tOre) 0.83 0.83 1.47
Processing & G&A
Processing Cost (Oxide) (US$/tOre) 8.78 9.99 8.24 12.35 9.88 9.75 12.35 11.03 11.15
Processing Cost (Trans) (US$/tOre) 11.70 22.84 8.24 12.35 9.88 9.75 12.35 11.03 12.09
Processing Cost (Fresh) (US$/tOre) 11.70 12.33 8.24 12.35 9.88 9.75 12.35 11.03 12.91
Maintenance Cost (US$/tOre) 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45
G&A Cost (US$/tOre) 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25
Total Throughput Cost (Oxide) (US$/tOre) 13.48 14.69 12.94 17.05 14.58 14.45 17.05 15.73 15.85
Total Throughput Cost (Trans) (US$/tOre) 16.40 27.54 12.94 17.05 14.58 14.45 17.05 15.73 16.79
Total Throughput Cost (Fresh) (US$/tOre) 16.40 17.03 12.94 17.05 14.58 14.45 17.05 15.73 17.61

Human Resources
Ity Gold Mine presently reports a total of 964 Total Employees Costed (“TEC”) with
approximately 53 sourced as expatriates and the remainder as nationals. The total number of
contractors engaged is 994 which provides a total compliment of 1,958 which are directly
responsible for mining, processing, infrastructure and G&A related activities at Ity Gold Mine.
The annual labour costs amount to US$22m for 2019 reflecting a weighted average labour cost
of US$1,843 per month.

Process Recoveries
Process recoveries (Table 15-13) are based on metallurgical test work undertaken in 2017 and
further supplemented by recent site test work in 2019. Recoveries are dependent on the total
copper grades, acid soluble copper grade and arsenic present. More details are presented in
Section 17.
For Daapleu pit, the processing recovery applied for the transition and fresh ore was 59.3%.
However, the recent site test work indicated Arsenic (As) grade has a greater impact on
recovery than gold grade and the average recovery of low-grade Transition and Fresh ore (with
corresponding lower Arsenic content) was around 76%. The correlation shown in Figure 15-2
where the recovery drops with a much steeper slope with increasing Arsenic grade compares
to Figure 15-3 where the recovery change trends up only slightly with the increasing gold grade.
For the production scheduling, only low grade transitional and fresh ore were applied at 76%
processing recovery. The processing recovery for medium and high grade transitional and
fresh ore above 1.2g/t grade was applied at 59.3%.

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Figure 15-2: Arsenic Grade vs Gold Recovery (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 15-3: Gold Grade vs Recovery (Source: Endeavour)

Table 15-13: Process Recoveries

Process Recoveries
Dumps/ Aires
Daapleu HG /

Mont Ity / Ity

Colline Sud

Le Plaque
Bakatouo

Gbéitouo
Walter
Flat
Zia
LG

Material Type Unit

Oxide - High Copper (%) 94.1 78.6 91.8 77.9 90.5 90.9 92.0 82.0 94.6
Oxide – Low Copper (%) 94.1 90.7 91.8 93.7 90.5 90.9 92.0 92.5 94.6
Transition – High Copper (%) 59.3 82.4 96.2 82.8 95.8 84.7 92.0 95.3 93.2

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Process Recoveries

Dumps/ Aires
Daapleu HG /

Mont Ity / Ity

Colline Sud

Le Plaque
Bakatouo

Gbéitouo
Walter
Flat
Zia
LG
Material Type Unit

Transition - Low Copper (%) 59.3/76.0 82.4 96.2 82.8 95.8 84.7 92.0 95.3 93.2
Fresh – High Copper (%) 59.3/76.0 82.4 96.2 92.9 91.4 81.0 92.0 33.4 81.3
Fresh – Low Copper (%) 59.3/76.0 82.4 96.2 92.9 91.4 81.0 92.0 33.4 81.3

Pit Slope Angles

Pit design slope angles remained unchanged from the design criteria stipulated in the 2017
Snowden report (Table 15-14). A 2-degree tolerance was applied during optimisation to inter
ramp angles (“IRA”).

Table 15-14: Pit Slope Angles (IRA)

Pit Slope Angles (Inter Ramp Angle, IRA)

Le Plaque
Bakatouo

Gbéitouo
Mont Ity/
Daapleu

Colline
Ity Flat

Walter

Sud

Dumps/ Aires
Zia
Material Type Unit

Oxide (°) 36.7 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 28.5 36.7
Transition (°) 47.2 38.7 38.7 38.7 38.7 38.7 42.9 47.2
Fresh West domain (°) 58.3 54.5 52.6 52.6 42.3 52.6 58.3 58.3
Fresh East domain (°) 58.3 54.5 52.6 45/42.3 42.3 42.3 58.3 58.3

Capital and Other Costs

No allowances were made for capital costs or taxation in the calculation of final pit limits. The
pit optimisation studies and evaluations were carried out based on the operating costs. The
impact of capital cost, taxation and project financing requirements are assessed in the financial
analysis. As an input to the project financial model, the mine capital and operating cost
estimates are provided in Sections 21.

15.3 Pit Optimisations

Pit optimisations remained unchanged to the last optimisations completed by Snowden in 2017
and Cube Consulting for Daapleu, Bakatouo, Zia, Gbéitouo. Revised optimisations were
completed by Endeavour to incorporate additional drilling data for Mont Ity / Ity Flat, Walter;
processing parameter change for Colline Sud; and the inclusion of the Le Plaque pits. The
revised optimisations were carried out using Whittle pit optimisation software and the
parameters discussed above with US$1,300/oz gold as the base price. Optimisations only
included Measured and Indicated material for the Life of Mine (“LoM”) Mineral Reserve
reporting.

Optimisation Results
The optimisation for the Collin-Sud, Mont Ity / Ity Flat and Walter pit extension will be discussed
in this section. The Le Plaque Pits remain unchanged from their recent study.
• Mont Ity / Ity Flat and Walter: The nested pit shell graph resulting from the pit optimisation
for Mont Ity / Ity Flat and Walter is presented in Figure 15-4. The final chosen pit shell results
are shown in Table 15-15. The key results of the pit optimisation are:
− the ultimate pit shell selection was driven by the optimal economic viability of the open
pit, which considers the Undiscounted Cash Flows (“UCF”) and Discounted Cash Flows
(“NPV”) in conjunction with the overall stripping ratio.
− the discounted open pit value for each nested pit shows that the best scheduling options
plateaus at the RF58 pit shell, with limited impact from mining.
− as the nested pit shells increase towards the right of the graph, the stripping ratio
increases with minimal improvement of the NPV.
− The Revenue Factor (“RF”) 1 shell at the set gold price (US$1,300/oz) has the highest

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UCF, a lower RF shell was selected (RF97, US$1,260/oz) to allow more flexibility when
the shell is converted to a practical design.

Figure 15-4: Ity Flat and Walter Pit Optimisation Nested Pit Shells (Source: Endeavour)

Table 15-15: Ity Flat and Walter Shell RF97 Inventory

Shell RF 0.97 Shell 13 Optimisation Results Units Total
Inventory (Mt) 8.5
Grade (g/tAu) 1.87
Contained Metal (koz Au) 509
Quantities
Total Rock (Mt) 31.53
Mineral Inventory (Mt) 8.47
Waste (Mt) 23.06
Stripping Ratio (twaste:tore) 2.72

• Colline-Sud: The final chosen pit shell results are shown in Table 15-16. The key results
of the pit optimisation are summarised below:
− the ultimate pit shell selection was driven by the optimal economic viability of the open
pit, which considers the NPV in conjunction with the overall stripping ratio.
− only Measured and Indicated material was included in optimisation as ore.
− due to relatively small size of the pit, with less than 2.0Mt in total, discounted cashflows
and undiscounted cash flows are almost the same.
− the shell equivalent to US$1,110/oz was selected for pit design as the strip ratio of the
next incremental shell significantly increases and the discounted cashflow starts to
decrease.
− Infill drilling is ongoing at Colline-Sud for the purpose of upgrading some of the inferred
resources into the indicated category.

Table 15-16: Colline-Sud Shell RF97 Inventory

Shell RF 0.77 Shell 4 Optimisation Results Units Total
Inventory (Mt) 0.3
Grade (g/tAu) 2.0
Contained Metal (koz Au) 19.5
Quantities
Total Rock (Mt) 1.8
Mineral Inventory (Mt) 0.3
Waste (Mt) 1.5
Stripping Ratio (twaste:tore) 4.80

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15.4 Mine Design

The pit design contours were generated at 5m vertical intervals in line with the blasting bench
height. The criteria used in the pit designs can be summarised as follows:
• Ramp gradient: 1 in 10;
• Ramp width for rigid dump trucks (DT, Komatsu 785):
− Dual lane - 22.0m,
− Single lane – 15.0m;
• Ramp width for articulated dump truck (ADT, Volvo A40D):
− Dual lane - 15.0m,
− Single lane – 10.0m,
• Pit slope design: Based on the slope designs specified in Section15.5;
• Minimum mining width: 22.0m (Komatsu 785 turning radius 10.1m); and
• Dump slope design: 18 degrees overall slopes.
The pit wall slope design parameters used in the pit designs are reported below for each mining
location. The dual ramp width of 22m is standard in the designs with the last 30m vertical depth
of the pits reduced to 15m wide ramps for single lane operation to improve the open pit
economics.
Specific stages and smaller locations were flagged to be mined by ADT fleet with above
mentioned ramp width designs.

Daapleu Stage 1 and 2 Pit Designs

It is planned to develop the Daapleu deposit in two stages as shown in Figure 15-5 and Figure
15-6. Table 15-7 summarises the key design criteria for the Daapleu final pit. The Stage 1 pit
is 125m deep targeting the relatively shallow and high-grade ore at the footwall side. The south
and east walls of the Stage 1 pit are the final walls. The Stage 2 cutback pushes the north and
west walls of the pit back to develop the ultimate pit limits to 210m depth.
The access to Stage 2 cutback will be initially through the ramp located at the northern wall.
The northern ramp will join with the southern ramp at 175mRL from which a single ramp will go
down to the pit bottom. The Stage 1 ramp will progress as the southern ramp of Stage 2. The
Daapleu pit exit is located at the east, relatively close to the waste dump.

Table 15-17: Daapleu Design Criteria

Item Laterite Oxide Trans Fresh
Bench Face Angle 50 50 60 75
Bench Height 5 10 20 10
Berm Width 3.0 5.0 7.0 5.0
Inter Ramp Angle 34.8 36.7 47.2 58.3

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Figure 15-5: Daapleu Pit Stage 1 (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 15-6: Daapleu Pit Stage 2 (Final) (Source: Endeavour)

Bakatouo Stage 1 and 2 Pit Design

Bakatouo pit will be mined in two stages (Figure 15-7 and Figure 15-8), Stage 1 will start at the
lowest strip area in the middle of Stage 2. Ramp exits are on the west for both stages, closest
to the processing plant. Stage 1 consists of a single temporary ramp to a depth of 185mRL,

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with stage 2 starting a new ramp expanding the pit in all directions to a final depth of 110mRL.
Table 15-18 summarises the key design criteria for the Bakatouo final pit.

Table 15-18: Bakatouo Design Criteria

Item Laterite Oxide Trans Fresh
Bench Face Angle 50 50 55 70
Bench Height 4 10 10 20
Berm Width 4.0 7.0 5.5 7.0
Inter Ramp Angle 28.5 33.0 38.7 54.5

Figure 15-7: Bakatouo Pit Stage 1 Pit (Source: Endeavour)

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Figure 15-8: Bakatouo Pit Stage 2 (Source: Endeavour)

Zia Stage 1 and 2 Pit Design

The Zia NE (North East) pit design Stage 1 and 2 shown respectively in Figure 15-9 and Figure
15-10. Zia NE Stage 2 is 120m deep below the pit exit location and 215m deep below the
decommissioned Aires heap leach pad on the west. This design mines the south east face of
the heap leach pad relatively extensively. The ramp exit is located at the eastern end of the
design close to the waste dump for Zia NE and Walter pits. Table 15-19 summarises the design
criteria for Zia NE final design.

Table 15-19: Zia NE Design Criteria

Item Laterite Oxide Trans Fresh
Bench Face Angle 50 50 55 70
Bench Height 4 10 10 15
Berm Width 4.0 7.0 5.5 6.0
Inter Ramp Angle 28.5 33.0 38.7 52.6

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Figure 15-9: Zia NE Stage 1 Pit (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 15-10: Zia NE Stage 1 Pit (Source: Endeavour)

Mont Ity / Ity Flat and Walter Pit Design

Mont Ity pit cutback design shown in Figure 15-11 pushes the north and west walls of the current
pit (Ity Flat) down to a depth of 190m. The access to the design is developed on the western

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pit walls. The ramp exit is located close to the waste western dump.
Walter pit design also shown in Figure 15-12 extends and merges with Mont Ity pit in the south.
The previous design did not link the two pits up. Walter pit is 90m deep below the pit exit
elevation. The ramp exit is to the north in the direction of Zia NE and Walter waste dump.
The revised pit optimisations incorporating additional infill drilling data and slightly higher base
gold price allowed Walter pit to extend south and join up with Mont Ity and Ity Flat (Ity Flat
depleted) to form a connected pit. Access is on both the northern and southern side of the pit
to optimise ore and waste haulage.
The final whittle shell extended over the western wall without sufficient mining width for practical
mining. This resulted in the final design not matching to the whittle in terms of ore and waste
tonnes and the design ending at a higher strip ratio. However, this should be noted as an area
of potential improvement and opportunity with changes in base gold price or cost base.
Both Mont Ity and Walter pit slopes has been divided into a western and eastern domain with
the eastern domain designed at a lower overall slope angle as summarised in Table 15-20 and
Table 15-21.

Table 15-20: Mont Ity Design Criteria

Item Mont ITY (Western Domain) Mont ITY (Eastern Domain)
Laterite Oxide Trans Fresh Laterite Oxide Trans Fresh
Bench Face Angle 50 50 55 70 50 50 55 65
Bench Height 4 10 10 15 4 10 10 15
Berm Width 4.0 7.0 5.5 6.0 4.0 7.0 5.5 8.0
Inter Ramp Angle 28.5 33.0 38.7 52.6 28.5 33.0 38.7 45.0

Table 15-21: Walter Design Criteria

Item Walter (Western Domain) Walter (Eastern Domain)
Laterite Oxide Trans Fresh Laterite Oxide Trans Fresh
Bench Face Angle 50 50 55 70 50 50 55 55
Bench Height 4 10 10 15 4 10 10 15
Berm Width 4.0 7.0 5.5 6.0 4.0 7.0 5.5 6.0
Inter Ramp Angle 28.5 33.0 38.7 52.6 28.5 33.0 38.7 42.3

Figure 15-11: Mont Ity and Walter Pit (Source: Endeavour)

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Gbéitouo Pit Design

Gbéitouo pit design seen in Figure 15-12 is 330m wide and 450m long at the surface,
developing down to a depth of 100m. The ramp exit is located in the south-east close to the
Gbéitouo waste dump. Design criterial is summarised in Table 15-22. Gbéitouo is also split
into a western and eastern slope domain.

Table 15-22: Gbéitouo Pit Design Criteria

Item Gbéitouo (Western Domain) Gbéitouo (Eastern Domain)
Laterite Oxide Trans Fresh Laterite Oxide Trans Fresh
Bench Face Angle 50 50 55 70 50 50 55 55
Bench Height 4 10 10 15 4 10 10 15
Berm Width 4.0 7.0 5.5 6.0 4.0 7.0 5.5 6.0
Inter Ramp Angle 28.5 33.0 38.7 52.6 28.5 33.0 38.7 42.3

Figure 15-12: Gbéitouo Pit Design (Source: Endeavour)

Colline-Sud Pit Design.

Colline-Sud (Figure 15-13) is a small pit situated 1.3km south-west of the Mont Ity pit (and
adjacent to the proposed haul road to Le Plaque) with a current maximum depth of 40m. Design
criteria is summarised in Table 15-23 below.

Table 15-23: Colin-Sud Design Criteria

Item Laterite Oxide Trans Fresh
Bench Face Angle 50 50 55 70
Bench Height 4 10 10 15
Berm Width 4.0 7.0 5.5 6.0
Inter Ramp Angle 28.5 33.0 38.7 52.6

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Figure 15-13: Colin-Sud Pit Design (Source: Endeavour)

Le-Plaque Pit Stage 1, 2 and 3 Designs

A three-stage pit design starting at the lower strip, higher value side (north-western corner)
progressing south to the shallowest end with a small Stage 2. Pit design criteria is summarised
in Table 15-24. Figure 15-14, Figure 15-15 and Figure 15-16 respectively illustrate stage 1, 2
and 3 pit stages. Each stage will mine to a side of the final highwall, with stage 2 extending the
ramp of stage 1. Maximum depth is reached in stage 2 at 150m.

Table 15-24: Le-Plaque Design Criteria

Item Laterite Oxide Trans Fresh
Bench Face Angle 50 50 60 75
Bench Height 5 10 20 10
Berm Width 3.0 5.0 7.0 5.0
Inter Ramp Angle 34.8 36.7 47.2 58.3

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Figure 15-14: Le-Plaque Pit Stage 1 Design (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 15-15: Le-Plaque Pit Stage 2 Design (Source: Endeavour)

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Figure 15-16: Le-Plaque Pit Stage 3 (Final) Design (Source: Endeavour)

15.5 Mining Geotechnical Considerations

Slope Design
Table 15-25 presents the slope design criteria for each of the pits within the Ity mining area.
Peter O’Bryan Associates (“PBA”) relied on data presented by SNC Lavelin (2015), in addition
to inspection of existing open pits and drill core to develop geotechnical information upon which
to base their updated analysis. SNC Lavelin assessed the geotechnical conditions at Daapleu,
Gbéitouo and Zia NE, Bakatouo has been subject to a standalone geotechnical investigation,
analysis and design, utilising Golder (South Africa).
The deep weathering profile controls pit slope design, especially in the footwall slopes and PBA
have proposed pit designs that accommodate such weathering. The deep weathering profile
and shallow design angles are present at Gbéitouo, Walter, Collins Sud, Zia and Ity.
Inter-ramp angles in the fresh rock honour the geotechnical design criteria as proposed by PBA
with inter-ramp angles ranging from 42° to 58°.
Various studies were carried out in the past focusing on pits located in the area of Mont Ity, Ity
Flat and Walter, that are referenced under Section 15.5.4.
These studies were aimed at understanding the geotechnical properties of the overburden
lateritic and saprolitic soils. Relevant soil strength parameters and failure behaviour of these
soils were presented in these reports.
PBA noted in their 2016 report that field inspection and wall assessment were made to the
exposed Mont Ity pit wall, in order to infer the future wall rock quality at Mont Ity and Ity Flat.
Material and rock strength values have been inferred from laboratory test results obtained for
rocks of the similar Zia NE deposit and observations of wall rock conditions within the as-mined
Mont Ity open pit.

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In Walter pit, wall rock quality assessment was conducted from inspection of current wall rock
exposures within the mined-out areas and surrounding pits.
PBA in their analysis and assessment also refer to subsurface 3D model showing geometry of
laterite, oxide, fresh materials.
It is important to note that all analysis undertaken to define appropriate pit slope design criteria
has assumed that the slopes are depressurised, and that successful slope depressurisation will
be required to achieve the proposed slope designs. Endeavour Hydrogeologists and
Geotechnical teams work closely together to ensure sufficient depressurisation is maintained
during the operation.

Table 15-25: Ity Mining Area – Slope Design Summary

Pit GT Information GT Design Criteria Reserve Pit Design Criteria
Geotechnical Assessment Open Pit Mining - ~Sap Thickness (m) 70
Daapleu, Gbéitouo, Zia NE, Mont Ity, Ity Flat and ~ Sap IRA (°) 33 ~ Sap IRA (°) 31
Walter
Walter Deposits. Peter O’Bryan & Associates. ~ Rock IRA (°) 42-53 ~ Rock Thickness (m) No rock slope in
September 2016. ~ Rock IRA (°) reserve pit
~Sap Thickness (m) 55
Preliminary Geotechnical Assessment of Open Pit
~ Sap IRA (°) 35.3 ~ Sap IRA (°) 29
Bakatouo Mining - Bakatouo Deposit.
~ Rock IRA (°) 58.3 ~ Rock Thickness (m) 115
Peter O’Bryan & Associates. October 2018.
~ Rock IRA (°) 55
Geotechnical Assessment Open Pit Mining - ~Sap Thickness (m) 50
Daapleu, Gbéitouo, Zia NE, Mont Ity, Ity Flat and ~ Sap IRA (°) 35.3 ~ Sap IRA (°) 37
Daapleu
Walter Deposits. Peter O’Bryan & Associates. ~ Rock IRA (°) 58.3 ~ Rock Thickness (m) 195
September 2016. ~ Rock IRA (°) 58
Geotechnical Assessment Open Pit Mining - ~Sap Thickness (m) 87
Daapleu, Gbéitouo, Zia NE, Mont Ity, Ity Flat and ~ Sap IRA (°) 33 ~ Sap IRA (°) 32
Gbéitouo
Walter Deposits. Peter O’Bryan & Associates. ~ Rock IRA (°) 42.3-52.6 ~ Rock Thickness (m) 86
September 2016. ~ Rock IRA (°) 52
Geotechnical Assessment Open Pit Mining - ~Sap Thickness (m) 143
Daapleu, Gbéitouo, Zia NE, Mont Ity, Ity Flat and ~ Sap IRA (°) 33 ~ Sap IRA (°) 28-32
Zia
Walter Deposits. Peter O’Bryan & Associates. ~ Rock IRA (°) 52.6 ~ Rock Thickness (m)
September 2016. ~ Rock IRA (°) Minor section at toe
~Sap Thickness (m) 37-60
~ Sap IRA (°) n/a ~ Sap IRA (°) 36
Le Plaque No GT data collection, analysis or report available
~ Rock IRA (°) n/a ~ Rock Thickness (m) 80-120
~ Rock IRA (°) 57
~Sap Thickness (m) 73
~ Sap IRA (°) n/a ~ Sap IRA (°) 32
Colline Sud No GT data collection, analysis or report available
~ Rock IRA (°) n/a ~ Rock Thickness (m) No rock slope in
~ Rock IRA (°) reserve pit
Geotechnical Assessment Open Pit Mining - ~Sap Thickness (m) 90
Daapleu, Gbéitouo, Zia NE, Mont Ity, Ity Flat and ~ Sap IRA (°) 33 ~ Sap IRA (°) 33
Ity
Walter Deposits. Peter O’Bryan & Associates. ~ Rock IRA (°) 52.6 (NW) - 42.3 (SE) ~ Rock Thickness (m) 110 (NW) - 120 (SE)
September 2016. ~ Rock IRA (°) 53 (NW) - 45 (SE)

Slope Monitoring
Daily field inspections are carried out and photos collected for each mining location. Once a
week set prisms are surveyed manually. Measurements are increased to more regular intervals
if any movement or hazard is identified. As mining advances deeper 24-hour prism slope
monitoring equipment will be installed.

Slope Dewatering and Depressurisation

Given the fact that all slope designs have assumed depressurised slopes, this is a critical aspect
to ensure that the geotechnical design criteria can be achieved, especially given the thick
saprolite intersections, deep weathering profiles and proximity of some pit slopes to the Cavally
River.
During 2017 and 2018, Knight Piesold undertook a hydrogeological study at Bakatouo, Daapleu
and Ity Flat. However, the site team determined that the KP team significantly underestimated
the dewatering requirements at Bakatouo. At Bakatouo the Cavally River is 30m from the pit
at its closest point and is the primary source of recharge for the pit. Dewatering boreholes were
developed at the crest of the pit, although not having sufficient capacity to dewater all of the
recharge during peak flows and requires a lined river diversion that is being developed.
Within Bakatouo pit there are sixteen weep holes of varying design to depressurise specific
structures and lithologies. At Daapleu there are four active dewatering boreholes and fifteen
weep holes within the pit as summarised in Table 15-26.

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Table 15-26: Dewatering Boreholes and Weep-Hole Summary

Pit Active/Standby Dewatering Boreholes Weep Holes
Bakatouo 14 16
Daapleu 5 15
Ity Flat 0 0
Ity Main 0 0

Audits
In 2016, PBA reviewed the geotechnical characterisation and design work that was done by
SNC Lavalin in 2015. The main outcome of the review was the adjustment of the BFA and
batter height from 70 to 75 degrees and 10m to 20m respectively for Daapleu Pit in the fresh
rock mass domain. The two adjustments increased the IRA from 40 to 58.3 degrees.
In March 2020, the site Geotechnical Team has embarked on reviewing the Footwall Slope
criteria at Daapleu Pit with the view of achieving a stable slope configuration. At the time of
writing this report, work was still ongoing.
Knight Piésold (“KP”) undertook a review of hydrogeological conditions affecting pit slope
stability at Ity Gold Mine between 2017 and 2018. 15 groundwater investigation holes were
drilled at Bakatouo, Daapleu and Ity pits, six (6) of which were later converted to dewatering
boreholes. An effective pit dewatering system consisting of dewatering boreholes and sub
horizontal weep holes was designed for all the pits.
Various internal audits have been carried out in addition to the external studies discussed Under
Section 15.1.1, Slope Design. In June 2018 and March 2019, Endeavour’s Senior Geotechnical
Engineer assessed the performance of the recommended geotechnical design criteria and
causes of slope failures that occurred at Bakatouo Pit (Graham Bell Site Visit Reports, 2018
and 2019). In his site visit report, Graham concluded that the failure at Bakatouo pit was driven
by the water seeping from the Cavally river into the pit. A toe drain within the pit failure zone
was recommended to divert water from the river to the pit bottom sump. This failure zone will
be mined as part of the Stage 2 pit.

Recommendations
Based on the geotechnical information and reports available:
• As the pit slopes are developed, systematic geotechnical data collection and analysis will
be undertaken regularly to ensure that the current slope design criteria are implemented,
and where necessary, adjustments to ensure safe operating conditions; and
• The onsite geotechnical team, group senior geotechnical engineer and hydrogeologists will
collaborate efforts to ensure enough depressurisation measures are implemented and
maintained. These include the vertical dewatering boreholes, sub-horizontal weep holes,
trenches and sumps.

Waste Dumps and Site Layout

Table 15-27 summarises the waste dump design criteria, total dump capacity and dump
available capacity. Waste from pits include a 30% swell factor resulting in 100Mm3 total volumes
to be dumped. Total dump capacity is currently at 114Mm3 with the potential of expanding
higher for all the dumps.
The final faces of the waste dumps will be dozed to the specified slope angles and contoured
for rehabilitation. The rehabilitation of the waste dumps will be carried out progressively as the
mining of the open pits are completed.

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Table 15-27: Waste Dump Capacity

Face
Bench

Slope
Overall

Width
Berm

Height
Bench

Height
Dump

Capacity
Capacity
Available Waste
Used Dec Starting Completion
Dump Capacity from Pits Status
2019 Date Date
(deg) (deg) (m) (m) (m) (Mm3) (Mm3) (Mm3) (Mm3)
Bakatouo 35 20.5 25 20 76 15.7 0.8 14.9 14.9 Active Nov-18 Dec-27
Colline Sud 36 20.8 25 20 32 1.4 0 1.6 1.4 Design Not yet Dec-27
Daapleu 36 20.8 25 20 52 25.5 0.2 25.3 18.7 Active Feb-19 Dec-29
Zia 36 20.8 25 20 57 28.2 0 28.2 25.6 Design Not yet Dec-31
Ity 36 20.8 25 20 35 12.7 0 12.7 11.6 Active Nov-18 Dec-24
Gbéitouo 36 14.5 25 10 50 6.1 0 6.1 5.7 Design Not yet Dec-29
Le Plaque 36 20.8 25 20 61 26.0 0 26.0 23.3 Design Not yet Dec-27
Totals 115.6 1.0 114.8 101.2

The Ity Gold Mine site layout depicting the various mining locations is shown in Figure 15-17
below . Most mining locations are within close proximity to the processing plant. The furthest
mining location is Le Plaque which is 7.7km based on planned surface haul roads, Gbéitouo
7km, Daapleu 5.2km and Colline-Sud at 3.3km. It is also noted that the Aires dump is situated
over Zia NE pit Stage 2 and that a portion will be mined in the production schedule before Stage
2 starts.

Figure 15-17: Ity Gold Mine Site Layout (Source: Endeavour)

15.6 Mining Quantities and Mineral Reserve Estimate

Cut off Grades
The cut-off grades (“COG”) listed in Table 15-28 were used in the calculation of the open pit
quantities for production schedule and ore reserves. The economic COG is calculated based
on the processing cost parameters including cost of processing the ore, plant maintenance,
General and Administration, re-handling, any additional haulage of ore when applicable such
as Daapleu pit needing to carry ore from a nearby temporary stockpile (Satellite RoM) to RoM
and grade control (details of items are shown in Table 15-12). This COG is used to decide if a
block of ore mined should be processed or should be considered as waste.
The economic Break Even COG shown in the table is calculated based on the current
processing cost parameters including cost of processing the ore, plant maintenance, General
and Administration, re-handling, any additional haulage of ore when applicable such as Daapleu

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pit needing to carry ore from a nearby temporary stockpile (Satellite RoM) to RoM and grade
control (details of items are shown in Table 15-12 ). This COG is used to decide if a block of
ore mined should be processed or should be considered as waste.
In addition to the calculated Economic cut-off grades, the Sub-Ore (mineralised waste, MW)
cut-off grade was also calculated to be stockpiled as feed at the end of mining life. The
mineralised waste COG assumed the same base gold price and throughput costs as for break-
even, but with the assumption that the general and administration cost reduce by 60%.

Table 15-28: Economic and Sub-Ore (MW) Cut-off Grades

Dumps / Aires
Mont Ity / Ity

Colline Sud

Le Plaque
Bakatouo

Gbéitouo
Daapleu

Walter
Flat
Zia
Material Type Unit

Break-Even Cut-off Grade

Oxide (g/t) 0.41 0.49 0.37 0.57 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.50 0.48
Transition (g/t) 0.60 0.85 0.35 0.53 0.40 0.48 0.48 0.42 0.51
Fresh (g/t) 0.60 0.53 0.35 0.47 0.41 0.50 0.47 1.19 0.61
Sub-Ore (MW) Cut-off Grade 40% G&A
Oxide (g/t) 0.40 0.50 0.40 0.60 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.40
Transition (g/t) 0.60 0.80 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.40
Fresh (g/t) 0.60 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.40 0.40

Mining Inventory Summary

The mining quantities calculated within the pit designs are summarised in Table 15-29 and
Table 15-30. The recommendations made within the Snowden report regarding small changes
to some of the pit designs were incorporated in the revised LoMp. This included Ity Flat with a
smaller first stage pit mined at a reduced strip ratio, and an initial stage added to Bakatouo pit.
Mineral Reserves have increased in Colline-Sud due to the change in processing methodology
from Heap Leach to CIL with better recovery and Le Plaque pits which added another 5.5Mt at
2.34g/tAu.
Overall the comparison to the 2018 LoM, includes an additional mining location, Le Plaque.
Overall Ore tonnages, bearing in mind depletion, increased by 2% whilst the overall grade was
almost the same. Despite a depletion of 3.7Mt of ore at 1.9g/tAu average grade containing
223kozAu, the overall Mineral Reserves increased by 1.3Mt at 2.5g/tAu containing 105kozAu.

Table 15-29: Mining Inventory per Mining Location

Deposit High Grade Ore Medium Grade Ore Low Grade Ore Sub-Ore Grade Total Ore
Tonnage Grade Tonnage Grade Tonnage Grade Tonnage Grade Tonnage Grade
(kt) (g/tAu) (kt) (g/tAu) (kt) (g/tAu) (kt) (g/tAu) (kt) (g/tAu)
Mont Ity / Ity Flat 1,090 4.91 933 1.93 820 1.23 2,135 0.75 4,977 1.96
Bakatouo 2,147 4.92 1,634 1.94 1,077 1.27 2,914 0.79 7,773 2.24
Daapleu 2,524 4.69 2,947 1.90 2,199 1.32 8,289 0.85 15,958 1.71
Walter 272 4.70 327 1.91 477 1.17 1,468 0.62 2,544 1.33
Zia NE 472 4.18 671 1.89 1,125 1.16 4,092 0.58 6,360 1.09
Gbéitouo 245 3.29 533 1.89 456 1.25 1,396 0.72 2,630 1.29
Le Plaque 1,629 5.06 1,171 1.95 763 1.26 1,945 0.74 5,508 2.34
Colline Sud 62 5.22 75 1.88 126 1.15 187 0.67 450 1.63
Verse Ouest / Teckraie 74 3.28 842 1.79 3,351 1.13 3,814 0.72 8,081 1.02
Aires Leach Pad 205 3.27 504 1.90 1,274 1.15 1,904 0.68 3,887 1.13
Subtotal 8,720 4.73 9,637 1.91 11,668 1.20 28,144 0.74 58,168 1.63
Stockpiles 3,955 0.80
Total 8,720 4.73 9,637 1.91 11,668 1.20 28,144 0.74 62,123 1.57

Table 15-30: Mining Inventory per Mining Location (Continued)

Deposit SR Waste Tonnage Total Tonnage Mined
(t:t) (kt) (kt)
Mont Ity / Ity Flat 3.81 18,943 23,921
Bakatouo 3.75 29,114 36,887
Daapleu 2.21 35,272 51,231
Walter 2.52 6,400 8,944
Zia NE 3.44 21,910 28,270
Gbéitouo 3.09 8,138 10,768
Le Plaque 6.89 37,942 43,450
Colline Sud 3.45 1,550 2,000
Verse Ouest / Teckraie 0.06 465 8,545
Aires Leach Pad 0.39 1,507 5,394
Subtotal 2.77 161,241 219,410
Stockpiles 3,955
Total 2.77 161,241 223,365

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15.7 Mineral Reserve Statement (31 December 2019)

Table 15-31 below provides the audited Mineral Reserve Statement for the Ity Gold Mine as at
31 December 2019 which are reported in accordance with the guidelines and terminology
provided in the CIM Standards. This reflects the ore planned to be mined and simply comprises
that portion of the Mineral Resource reported in Section14, inclusive of mining dilution and
allowing for mining losses, within the designed pit outlines discussed in this Section 15 of this
Technical Report
The total Mineral Reserves reports a total of 62.1Mt grading 1.57g/tAu for total contained metal
of 3,144kozAu comprising:
• Proven Mineral Reserves of 9.4Mt grading 1.05g/tAu with contained metal of 318kozAu; and
• Probable Mineral Reserves of 52.7Mt grading 1.67g/tAu with contained metal of
2,825kozAu.
Table 15-32 presents the detailed subdivision of Mineral Reserves as at 31 December 2019
inclusive of subdivisions for oxide, transitional and fresh ore types. Furthermore, in reviewing
the Mineral Reserve statements as reported herein the following notes should also be
considered:
• The Mineral Reserves have an effective date of 31 December 2019;
• The Qualified Person responsible for the reporting of the Mineral Resources as at 31
December 2019 is Salih Ramazan (FAusIMM), Vice President Mine Planning, Endeavour
Mining Corporation who was responsible for the estimation and reporting of all Mineral
Reserves reported for the Ity Gold Mine;
• All Mineral Reserves are reported assuming a long-term gold price assumption of
US$1,300/oz; and
• Details relating to the various modifying factors and deposit specific cut-off grades are
reported in Section 15.2 of this Technical Report.
This Mineral Reserve has changed from 2018 with optimisations and minor changes to Mont
Ity / Ity Flat, Walter pits, Colline-Sud optimisation and design change, and Le Plaque pit which
was added to the Mineral Reserve.

Table 15-31: Ity Gold Mine Mineral Reserve (sub-divided by deposit) as at 31 December
2019
Classification & Deposit Tonnage Grade Content
(kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu)
Proven
Mont Ity/Flat 936 2.03 61
Walter 943 1.25 38
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 2,590 0.99 83
Aires Leach Pads 1,003 0.99 32
Stockpiles 3,947 0.82 105
Subtotal 9,419 1.05 318
Probable
Mont Ity/Flat 4,041 1.94 253
Walter 1,600 1.37 71
Zia NE 6,359 1.09 223
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 5,491 1.04 183
Daapleu 15,958 1.71 880
Gbéitouo 2,630 1.29 109
Aires Leach Pads 2,883 1.18 109
Bakatouo 7,773 2.24 560
Collin Sud 450 1.64 24
Le Plaque 5,508 2.34 415
Subtotal 52,692 1.67 2,825
Ore Reserves
Mont Ity/Flat 4,977 1.96 314
Walter 2,543 1.33 108
Zia NE 6,359 1.09 223
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 8,080 1.02 266
Daapleu 15,958 1.71 880

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Classification & Deposit Tonnage Grade Content

(kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu)
Gbéitouo 2,630 1.29 109
Aires Leach Pads 3,887 1.13 141
Bakatouo 7,773 2.24 560
Collin Sud 450 1.64 24
Le Plaque 5,508 2.34 415
Stockpiles 3,947 0.82 105
Total 62,111 1.57 3,144

Table 15-32: Ity Gold Mine Mineral Reserve (subdivided by weathering type) as at 31
December 2019
Classification Oxide Transitional Sulphide
& Deposit Tonnage Grade Content Tonnage Grade Content Tonnage Grade Content
(kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu) (kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu) (kt) (g/tAu) (kozAu)
Proven
Mont Ity/Flat 259 2.20 18 288 2.29 21 388 1.72 22
Walter 629 1.35 27 215 1.12 8 100 0.86 3
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 2,590 0.99 83 - - - - - -
Aires Leach Pads 1,003 0.99 32 - - - - - -
Stockpiles 3,561 0.84 96 114 0.69 3 271 0.68 6
Subtotal 8,042 0.99 257 617 1.59 31 759 1.24 30
Probable
Mont Ity/Flat 301 2.21 21 1,398 2.42 109 2,341 1.63 123
Walter 639 1.30 27 593 1.48 28 368 1.34 16
Zia NE 3,081 1.20 119 2,267 1.00 73 1,011 0.97 32
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 5,491 1.04 183 - - - - - -
Daapleu 414 1.07 14 448 1.40 20 15,096 1.74 845
Gbéitouo 969 1.29 40 59 1.37 3 1,602 1.28 66
Aires Leach Pads 2,883 1.18 109 - - - - - -
Bakatouo 744 2.30 55 854 3.16 87 6,176 2.11 418
Collin Sud 392 1.61 20 57 1.60 3 1 10.13 0
Le Plaque 993 1.96 63 508 2.40 39 4,007 2.43 313
Subtotal 13,777 1.16 513 4,766 1.52 232 20,419 1.65 1,081
Ore Reserves
Mont Ity/Flat 561 2.20 40 1,687 2.40 130 2,730 1.64 144
Walter 1,267 1.33 54 808 1.38 36 468 1.23 19
Zia NE 3,081 1.20 119 2,267 1.00 73 1,011 0.97 32
Verse Ouest-Teckraie 8,080 1.02 266 - - - - - -
Daapleu 414 1.07 14 448 1.40 20 15,096 1.74 845
Gbéitouo 969 1.29 40 59 1.37 3 1,602 1.28 66
Aires Leach Pads 3,887 1.13 141 - - - - - -
Bakatouo 744 2.30 55 854 3.16 87 6,176 2.11 418
Collin Sud 392 1.61 20 57 1.60 3 1 10.13 0
Le Plaque 993 1.96 63 508 2.40 39 4,007 2.43 313
Stockpiles 3,561 0.84 96 114 0.69 3 271 0.68 6
Total 23,947 1.18 907 6,802 1.80 393 31,362 1.83 1,844

15.8 Mineral Reserve Economic Viability Assessment

An economic analysis of the Mineral Reserves and associated LoMp has been undertaken to
assess the degree to which the Mineral Reserves remain economic under assumed commodity
price assumptions. The sensitivity analysis undertaken concluded that the Mineral Reserves
remains economic for gold price ranges of -30% to + 30% variations to the long-term price
assumption used to support the Mineral Reserve declarations as reported herein. In
accordance with the exemptions afforded to producing issuers under the Requirements, the
results of the economic viability analysis are not reported herein.
A summary of the Technical Economic Parameters is:
• Total gold production and gold sales of 2,560koz and 2,558koz respectively;
• Total sales revenue of US$3,324.8m derived assuming a constant real (1 January 2020)
money terms gold price of US$1,300/oz;
• Total operating expenditure (post capitalisation) of US$1,633.1m (real money terms 1
January 2020);
• Total capital expenditure of US$423.1m comprising sustaining capital, capitalised operating
expenditures, and mine closure (real money terms 1 January 2020). In addition to this the
lease repayments and other outflows amount to US$39.7m which are assumed to be

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expended from 2020 through 2023 inclusive;

• LoM weighted average unit mining, processing and G&A related operating expenditures (pre
capitalisation) of US$2.67/tmined, US$11.41/tmilled and US$4.28/tmilled respectively; and
• LoM weighted average unit cash costs and AISC of US$591/oz and US$793/oz reported on
a sales basis.
Accordingly, the primary conclusions drawn are as follows:
• The Mineral Reserves are demonstrably economic and indicate a significant headroom with
AISC of US$793/oz relative to the assumed long-term gold price of US$1,300/oz;
• Sensitivity analysis which indicates +ve economic viability for all scenarios.
The key recommendations for further assessment comprise:
• Completion of economic benefit analysis to include quantification of the economic benefit
attributable to Endeavour and the Government;
• Inclusion in the economic analysis of the physical opening balance of Work in Progress,
specifically for Gold in Circuit and Finished Goods;
• Inclusion of the impact of silver credits, following re-assessment of the geological and mining
models;
• Updating of the economic analysis following refinement of the LoMp cost models for mining,
operating and site G&A expenditures;
• The impact of potential carbon tax charges as currently considered in other countries;
• Refinement and inclusion of retrenchment related expenditures in the economic analysis;
• Quantification of the contractor demobilisation costs and as appropriate incorporation into
the economic analysis; and
Reassessment mine closure costs for both immediate closure and upon depletion of the Mineral
Reserves following completion of additional technical work to assess geochemistry, waste
encapsulation, post closure water treatment, overall “walk away” objectives and to further the
supporting engineering designs related to the mine closure plan.

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16 MINING METHODS
16.1 Introduction
Ity Gold Mine operates by means of a conventional open pit operation with the loading. hauling
and ancillary fleet owned and operated, whilst drilling, blasting, grade control and assaying is
contracted. Ore and waste production rates are monitored, and material reconciliation carried
out continuously for the pit areas in production. Mining plans are updated, and the production
schedule revised regularly as mining progresses.

16.2 Mining Equipment

The criteria for the selection for the mining fleet was to ensure a high level of ore / waste
selectivity whilst providing mining flexibility when considering:
• The gold mineralisation style;
• Operation of multiple open pits; and
• Required material movements.
Primary heavy mobile equipment types were selected and costed based on the current status
of owner mining and summarised in Table 16-1. All drilling and blasting operations and grade
control drilling are contracted out.

Table 16-1: Summary of Major Equipment

Activity Equipment Specification Equipment Model Current Quantity
Excavating 100 tonne Hydraulic Backhoe Excavator Komatsu PC1250SP-8R 6
Excavating 43 tonne Hydraulic Backhoe Excavator PC450-8R 5
Excavating 22 tonne Hydraulic Backhoe Excavator PC220-8MO 4
Pit Haulage Rigid chassis dump truck – 90 tonne payload Komatsu HD785-7 18
Pit Haulage Articulated Dump Truck – 40 tonne payload Volvo A40 10
Track Dozers 22 tonne operating weight track type tractor Komatsu D65PX-16 2
Track Dozers 50 tonne operating weight track type tractor Komatsu D275A-5R 3
Track Dozers 70 tonne operating weight track type tractor Komatsu D375A-6R 3
Wheel Dozers 50 tonne operating weight wheel dozer Komatsu WD600-6 2
Ore SP Rehandle FEL 100 tonne operating weight front end wheel loader Komatsu WA800-3 3
Ore SP Rehandle FEL 50 tonne operating weight front end wheel loader Komatsu WA600-6R 3
Ore SP Rehandle FEL 30 tonne operating weight front end wheel loader Komatsu WA500-6R 2
Ore SP Rehandle FEL 11 tonne operating weight front end wheel loader Komatsu WA320-5 2
Graders Motor Grader with 16-foot blade Komatsu GD825A-2 4
Water Cart Rigid chassis dump truck fitted with 50 kl capacity water body Komatsu HD465-7R 4
Service Truck Rigid chassis dump truck fitted as sservice truck Komatsu HD465-7R 2

The applicability of a number of items of equipment are being reconsidered due to the amount
of soft and high moisture content oxide material in the mine plan, coupled with pit, road and
dump conditions when it rains and during the wet season. Consequently, a number of Komatsu
D275 equivalent track dozers have been hired on a short-term basis along with additional 40
tonne capacity articulated dump trucks. The larger Komatsu D375 track dozers have been sent
to Houndé Gold Mine in order for that mine to commence production at the Kari Pump Open Pit
later in 2020 and to accommodate the higher volumes in the mining plan.
Five of the Komatsu HD785-7 trucks were sold in late 2019, reducing the truck fleet to 18. Ten
of the former Heap Leach Volvo 40 tonne articulated trucks were maintained in service and
form an integral part of the fleet. An additional 36 articulated trucks (40t) capacity will be hired
on a short-term basis for the 2020 wet season and to support the 5Mtpa production rate.

16.3 Blasting
All production drilling and blasting activities are undertaken by contractors. The production
drilling and blasting operations are carried out on 5m to 10m benches. A half bench height
(flitch) of 2.5m is mined in ore to achieve a high degree of selectivity in loading and hauling
operations.
The average blasting powder factor is between 0.60kg/bcm to 0.80kg/bcm (ANFO equivalent)
for the transitional and fresh rock with a density above 2.0t/bcm. The highly weathered zone

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(clays and laterites) and transitional zone with a density below 2.0t/bcm is classed as free dig
as per the current mining practice. Emulsion is used in both wet and dry blasting.
The supply of explosives and blasting accessories are contracted out directly to an approved
explosives supplier. The explosives contractor provides, in addition to the supply of primary
explosives and blasting accessories, mixing equipment and technical blasting advice when
needed.

16.4 Hydrology and Dewatering

Ity falls within an equatorial-type transition climate with a rainy season from April to October
and a dry season from November to March. The total annual precipitation for the site varies
between 1,431mm to 2,312mm, with mean annual precipitation (“MAP”) of 1,744mm. Average
monthly potential evapotranspiration ranges between 94mm/month and 128mm/month, with an
annual potential evaporation of around 1,324mm.
The geology of the pits comprises laterites or alluvium at surface, underlain by saprolites then
weathered bedrock over fresh bedrock. The bedrock is characterised by a metamorphic series
of granodiorite intrusions in a sequence of NE-SW striking tuffaceous, basic to acidic, volcano-
sedimentary sequence and carbonates. This sequence is intersected by mafic intrusives that
resulted in contact metamorphism. Groundwater occurs in the alluvium, laterites, saprolite,
karstic features and fractured bedrock.

Bakatouo
Bakatouo pit is partially enclosed by the Cavally River, its primary source of recharge. The
Cavally River encroaches the pit wall (as close as 30m) as it meanders. The river water level
fluctuates by 7m (256mRL to 263mRL) from March to October each year. Dewatering is
achieved through a combination of boreholes, weep holes, sumps and trenches. In 2019, a
total of 3.3Mm3 of water was dewatered from Bakatouo pit, 30% through boreholes (16
boreholes) and 70% through sump pumps (Sykes HH220i, CP220i and Flygt Submersibles).
To improve pit floor conditions, a plan is underway to drill in-pit boreholes (4) into
compartmentalised water-bearing karstic units, close open sections of pit crest berms (to
prevent floodplain water inflow into the pit) and dig larger capacity sumps, based on the pit
catchment yield and seepage bypass.
A diversion of the Cavally River is planned in two locations to support ongoing mining of the
Bakatouo and Walter pits, the first of which is under construction on the Walter Pit side and will
be completed in May 2020, whilst the second diversion on the Bakatouo Pit side is planned to
commence in late 2020 for completion by May 2021. In addition to the river diversions,
substantial flood protection bunds are installed.

Daapleu
The Cavally River was diverted to access and mine Daapleu pit. The 3km meander from the
bridge to Daapleu pit has been partially backfilled, and the floodplain raised from 260RL to
265RL with a spillway at 236RL, to improve water management. The Cavally River and
surrounding wetlands still act as recharge sources to the pit but not as aggressively as at
Bakatouo. The water-bearing units at Daapleu are associated with dolerite intrusion, which has
been targeted by dewatering boreholes. The eastern wall is low yielding and drained through
a series of 15 weep holes each 30m deep. In 2019, a total of 488,352m3 of water was
dewatered from Daapleu pit, 50% through boreholes (5 boreholes) and 50% through sump
pumps (Sykes CP220i). Water in old segments of the Cavally River, along the pit perimeter, is
pumped through a combination of pumps (Sykes HH160i, CP220i, Flygt and Tsurumi
Submersibles) to the bridge. The plan for Daapleu is to improve the control of surface water

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and runoff, minimise the head in adjacent wetlands, and target more doleritic intrusions as the
pit expands into Stage 2.

Pit Lakes
There are five pit lakes in Ity namely; Walter, Zia, Tontouo, Ity Main and Ity Flat.
• Walter pit lake has a capacity of 1.2Mm3. Water from the pit is used for dust suppression
and any excess is pumped directly to the Cavally River. At the end of Q1 2020, the pit water
level was at 249.5RL or 65% full. Capacity is enough to handle any runoff from the dumps
and old leach pads around the pit, as well as accommodate the forecasted precipitation of
2020;
• Tontouo pit lake has a capacity of 115,379m3. There is no active pumping at Tontouo, and
the decline of the pit water level is associated with pumping at Walter pit. Up to 3m of
drawdown has been observed this year as a result of dewatering at Walter. The pit water
level is at 252.6mRL, only 12% of capacity;
• Water in Zia pit lake is being managed to control seepage water into Bakatouo west and
provide capacity for runoff from surrounding RoM pads. The pit lake is equipped with two
submersible pumps (Tsurumi and Flygt pumps), and the water is pumped to the marsh at
Bakatouo waste rock dump. Zia pit lake has a storage capacity of 835,263m3. Latest water
level is at 254.5mRL, only 23% full;
• Ity Main is inaccessible for water level measurements due to geotechnical risks. Ity Flat is
equipped with a submersible Flygt pump. The water is discharged to a lined pond which
overflows into a natural canal to a wetland;
• Ity Main has a maximum storage capacity of 2.7Mm3. It is estimated that there is 525,945m3
of water in the pit (19% full). Due to planned cut-backs, a staged approach dewatering plan
has been developed to pump access water out before mining commences.

16.5 Environmental Monitoring and Dust Suppression

Environmental monitoring of air and water quality are conducted on a regular basis. Potential
environmental hazardous artificial materials, such as chemicals and rubbish are disposed of in
accordance with appropriate standard procedures. When intersected, any rocks mined with
acid drainage potential will be dumped inside the waste dumps and covered with the neutral
oxide material also mined from the open pits.
Dust from the pits, dumps, stockpile operations and road surfaces are controlled continuously
by water suppression.

16.6 Production Schedule

The aim was to generate a practical and realistically achievable production schedule that
sustains plant throughput capacity while maximising value. The details provided in the
production schedule were considered to be appropriate to highlight any potential operational
difficulties throughout the mine life.
The LoM production schedule was undertaken in MineSched software and has used the
ultimate design and stage designs as discussed in Section15.4 as the basis for scheduling. The
schedule includes all the pits, stockpiling and feed blending through to final gold produced.

Annual Mining Production

The annual summary of the production schedule is provided in Table 16-3. The mined tonnages
in the schedule (Figure 16-1) include the quantities reclaimed from stockpiles to supplement
mined production from the open pits. Figure 16-1 shows the average mining cost per year (as

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generated based on inputs discussed in Section 15). Costs derived from the schedule do not
include any escalations and differ slightly to the detailed financial model.
Peak production is reached in 2024, and the average tonnes re-handled from stockpile is
1.7Mtpa. The average open pit production rate is 16.8Mtpa for the thirteen years of mining
operations. Mining production (excluding stockpile removal) systematically increases from 2021
to reach a maximum of 24Mtpa in 2024. The pit production tails off in the last 5 years of mine
life

Figure 16-1: Yearly Total Tonnage Moved (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 16-2 shows the mined ore tonnes, with the average grade mined. Lower average grades
are achieved in 2020 and 2021, but as the pits advance the average grade picks up between
1.5g/tAu and 2.0g/tAu until production start tailing off. The average grade is seen to start
reducing over the LoM as the lower grade mining areas become the predominant ore sources
as well as increased draw from lower grade stockpiles

Figure 16-2: Total Ore Tonnes Mined and Grade (Source: Endeavour)

Table 16-2 show the various mining locations sequence and duration. From 2025 to 2027 on

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average 5 locations will be mined per period, due to the far proximity of Daapleu Open Pit and
Le Plaque Open Pit. The current schedule will require multiple primary and secondary
equipment to achieve the production target. Mont Ity, Bakatouo, Walter, Gbéitouo and Zia NE
pits are in close proximity to allow equipment movement between them. Figure 16-3 shows
vertical sink rates planned, the current average sink rate per annum trends around 60m to 80m
which is achievable.

Table 16-2: Mining Location Sequence

Location 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031
Mont Ity 1
Bakatouo 1
Bakatouo 2
Daapleu 1
Daapleu 2
Collin Sud 1
Leplaque 1
Leplaque 2
Leplaque 3
Walter 1
Zia NE 1
Zia NE 2
Gbéitouo 1
Verse Ouest
Heap/Aires

Figure 16-3: Total Ore Tonnes Mined and Grade (Source: Endeavour)

Stockpile and Processing

Figure 16-4 shows the stockpile balance over the life of mine. The stockpile balance is an
average for all the stockpiles. The maximum stockpile capacity is reached in 2021, equal to
just under 10Mt. It is noted that HG, MG and LG material are stockpiled separately. From the
graph it is noticed that the average grade remains constant in the range around 0.75g/tAu and
0.80g/tAu. This indicates that the majority of HG and MG materials mined are required to
sustain the process feed rate. When material is drawn from the stockpile, the average feed
grade (Figure 16-5) drops below the average grade mined, this occurs in 2022 to 2023 and
then again from 2027 until the end of LoM. To ensure the full feed capacity to the plant is
maintained, stockpiled ore is fed to supplement the mined ore tonnage.

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Figure 16-4: Stockpile Balance and Grade (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 16-5: Process Throughput and Grade (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 16-6 depicts the process throughput and the average processing unit cost as modelled
from inputs in Section 17. Process throughput is sustained at 5.2Mtpa with the unit rate
depending on the type of material fed.

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Figure 16-6: Process Feed and Unit Processing Cost (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 16-7 below shows the annual recovered gold production and recoveries achieved.
Recoveries are forecasted to improve when the significant portion of the plant feed is from Zia
NE and Aires (which is predominantly oxide material).

Figure 16-7: Gold Recovered and Recoveries (Source: Endeavour)

Table 16-3: Production Schedule Annual Summary

Item Unit Total
Open Pit Mining
Total Mined (kBCM) 107,642
Total Mined (kt) 219,410
Oxide (kt) 69,815
Transitional (kt) 28,342
Fresh (kt) 121,252
Waste (kt) 161,241
Stripping Ratio (twaste:tore) 2.77
Ore Mined (kt) 58,168
Ore Grade (g/t) 1,64
Ore Content (koz) 3,039
Stockpiles
Opening Balance (kt) 3,955

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Item Unit Total

(g/t) 0.82
(koz) 105
Processing
Ore Processed (kt) 62,123
Grade (g/t) 1.57
Contained Gold (koz) 3,144
Recovery Rate (%) 0.82
Gold Recovered (koz) 2,560

16.7 Fleet Size and Personnel Numbers

Mining Fleet
The mining equipment fleet requirements were calculated based on:
• Loading unit productivity rates in line with industry standards, based on equipment
specifications, adjusted to site operating factors, including weather and skill levels;
• Truck productivity rates by pit and bench is based on pre-determined haulage profiles,
assigned truck speeds for various segments at target payloads. Overall truck productivity
rates based on truck and excavator matching with an allowance for load and dump static
times; and
• Ancillary equipment (dozers, graders, watercarts) based on allocated proportions of the
loading units.
Fleet productivity was developed based on the various loading equipment matched to the truck
fleet as shown in Table 16-1. The primary production shovel productivity and truck payload
were calculated as shown in Table 16-4. With the Calendar Utilisation target at 72% as a
combination of Engineering Availability (90%) and Utilisation (80%), resulting in targeted annual
engine hours of 6,307 per Excavator and Truck.

Table 16-4: Primary Heavy Mining Equipment Productivity Estimation

PC1250 PC1250 PC450
Oxide Trans Fresh Oxide Trans Fresh Oxide Trans Fresh
Density 1.50 1.65 2.70 1.50 1.65 2.70 1.50 1.65 2.70
Moisture content 20% 15% 10% 20% 15% 10% 20% 15% 10%
Bulking Factor 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.10 1.15 1.20
Bucket Size Standard Standard Rock Standard Standard Rock Standard Standard Rock
Bucket Fill factor Average Rather Diff. Difficult Average Rath. Diffi. Difficult Average Rath. Diffi. Difficult
Cycle Time Average Average Severe Average Average Severe Average Average Severe
Tray Size 65 65 65 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5
EXCAVATOR DUMP PC1250 PC1250 PC1250 PC1250 PC1250 PC1250 PC450 PC450 PC450
Units
TRUCK HD785 HD785 HD785 A40D A40D A40D A40D A40D A40D
Permitted Truck Load (%) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Dry In situ Density (t/m3) 1.50 1.65 2.70 1.50 1.65 2.70 1.50 1.65 2.70
Avg. Moisture Content (%) 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0%
Wet In situ Density (t/m3) 1.80 1.90 2.97 1.80 1.90 2.97 1.80 1.90 2.97
Bulking Factor (%) 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.10 1.15 1.20
Truck Density (t/m3) 1.64 1.65 2.48 1.64 1.65 2.48 1.64 1.65 2.48
Rated Truck Load 99.0 99.0 99.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0
(t)
Actual Truck Load 94.5 95.9 102.1 35.4 32.0 40.8 35.4 37.1 35.3
(t)
Heaped Truck Volume 65.0 65.0 65.0 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5
(t/m3)
Overload -4.5% -3.1% 3.1% -4.2% -13.6% 10.4% -4.2% 0.3% -4.7%
%
Actual Truck Volume 57.8 58.1 41.3 21.7 19.4 16.5 21.7 22.5 14.3
(t/m3) BCM
BCM per Truck 52.5 50.6 34.4 19.7 16.9 13.8 19.7 19.6 11.9
Excavator Bucket
(m3) 7.6 7.6 5.5 7.6 7.6 5.5 1.9 1.9 1.9
Volume
(%) 95.0% 85.0% 75.0% 95.0% 85.0% 75.0% 95.0% 85.0% 75.0%
Bucket Fill Factor
(m3) 7.2 6.5 4.1 7.2 6.5 4.1 1.8 1.6 1.4
Actual Bucket Volume
(t) 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 1.9 1.9 1.9
Rated bucket Load
(t) 11.8 10.7 10.2 11.8 10.7 10.2 3.0 2.7 3.5
Actual bucket Load
(%) 15.8% 4.5% 0.1% 15.8% 4.5% 0.1% 55.5% 40.3% 85.6%
Overload
(BCM) 6.6 5.6 3.4 6.6 5.6 3.4 1.6 1.4 1.2
BCM per Bucket
No. of Buckets per Truck (No.) 8 9 10 3 3 4 12 14 10
Slew Time (sec) 29 29 31 29 29 31 23 23 27
Load Time (min) 3.80 4.28 5.17 1.43 1.43 2.07 4.60 5.37 4.50
Bucket Load (t) 11.8 10.7 10.2 11.8 10.7 10.2 3.0 2.7 3.5
Production per (BCM / hr) 611 572 328 552 473 289 208 180 128
50 min hr (Dry tonne/hr) 916 943 884 829 780 781 313 297 346
Ore Selection
Productivity (Dry tonne/hr) 595 613 575 539 507 508 203 193 225
@ 65%
(BCM / Hr) 397 372 213 359 307 188 136 117 83

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Table 16-5 provides the life of mine heavy mining equipment schedule per pit per period.
Equipment numbers reflect the maximum required numbers per period. Totals will not add up
as the maximum number of equipment are based on a single month and might not coincide
with the peak of another mining location.

Table 16-5: Heavy Primary Mining Equipment Requirement per Period

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

2031

2032
Unit
Equipment

Excavator Numbers
Ity - Pit # 4 1 - - - 2 2 2 - - - - -
Bakatouo - Pit # 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 - - - - -
Daapleu - Pit # 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 - - -
Verse Ouest - Pit # 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Zia - Pit # - - - - - - - 3 3 4 4 4 -
Gbeitouo - Pit # - - - - - - - - - 2 2 - -
Walter - Pit # - - - - - 1 1 2 - - - - -
Heap/Aires - Pit # 2 - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 1
Le Plaque - Pit # - 2 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - -
Colline Sud - Pit # - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -
Total Excavator Numbers # 9 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 4 4 1
Truck Numbers ADT
Ity - Pit # - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bakatouo - Pit # 14 6 10 15 16 10 6 4 - - - - -
Daapleu - Pit # 15 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Verse Ouest - Pit # 17 11 - - - - - - - - - - -
Zia - Pit # - - - - - - - 4 15 8 16 13 -
Gbeitouo - Pit # - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Walter - Pit # - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heap/Aires - Pit # 5 - - - - - - - - 2 - 4 2
Le Plaque - Pit # - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Colline Sud - Pit # - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Total Truck Numbers
# 31 17 10 15 16 10 6 7 15 10 16 17 2
(ADT)
Truck Numbers DT
Ity - Pit # 15 6 - - - 5 9 7 - - - - -
Bakatouo - Pit # - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Daapleu - Pit # 8 8 3 2 2 5 7 7 6 1 - - -
Verse Ouest - Pit # - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Zia - Pit # - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Gbeitouo - Pit # - - - - - - - - - 4 3 - -
Walter - Pit # - - - - - 1 2 2 - - - - -
Heap/Aires - Pit # - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Le Plaque - Pit # - 4 7 7 8 4 - - - - - - -
Colline Sud - Pit # - 2 1 - - - - - - - - - -
Total Truck Numbers (DT) # 15 14 11 9 11 15 18 16 6 4 3 0 0

Mining Personnel
The total mining compliment for 2019 totalled 1,087 with 680 classified as employees and 407
classified as contractors. The total mining compliment for 2020 is planned at 1,079 with 701
classified as employees and 378 classified as contractors.

16.8 Risks and Opportunities

Table 16-6 presents the mining method related risks as they apply to the Ity Gold Mine. Table
16-7 presents the mining method related opportunities as they apply to the Ity Gold Mine.

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Table 16-6: Mining Method Risks

Risk Control
Resource and Design
Resource and Reserve estimates comply with CIM classification system.
Over-estimation of Resources and Reserves. Inferred resources have been excluded from the reserve estimate. The
mineral reserves estimate is the result of the 2020 updated LoM plan.
Under-estimation of operating costs (mining, processing and administration) The cost estimates are from first principles and based on experience on site
for reserve estimate. and from other projects and operations.
The process recovery estimates are based on analysis of data from
Over-estimation of metallurgical performance for reserve estimate. metallurgical test work. The samples spatially cover the mining areas
reasonably well.
The pit designs currently have dual lane ramp system for the full pit depth. The
ramps are designed single lane for the last ~30m depth of the pits to mine
more ore or to compensate for any changes due to the adjustment in slope
Pit designs achievability. angles. The pit designs need to be reviewed regularly for the changes in the
geotechnical and geological conditions. Specific ADT (articulated dump
trucks) pits can also be identified which will allow smaller and steeper ramps
to reduce on any additional waste mined.
Operational
Monitoring of the production and periodical reconciliations can identify the
potential issues earlier to rectify the production schedule. The vertical advance
Production schedule achievability. rates are low for the largest open pit (Daapleu), that can be increased to reach
production targets. Additional shortfalls can be made up by increasing feed
existing heap and dump stockpiles if necessary.
Further collection and analysis of reconciliation data is highlighted. Resource
model to grade control model to mining model are reconciled through to
Grade control practice underperforms.
stockpiles and mill feed to per mining location, to establish if any additional
modifying factors are required.
The noise, dust, water quality and traffic issues need to be managed well. The
structure for this is already in place as the Ity mine has been operating since
Environmental and local public relation issues.
1991. This will become more important with long hauling operations increasing
when Le Plaque starts.
Poor haul road construction or poor road maintenance. Poor road conditions
will lead to: Adequate support equipment is available to maintain haul roads (e.g. graders,
• Reduced truck speeds and therefore increased truck cycle times and wheel dozers, watercarts).
equipment requirements. Implementation and maintained daily road checklist and actions to maintain
• Increased Operating cost the highest quality road.
• Reduced tyre life
Requirement to drill and blast a larger proportion of Transitional material, Primary blast holes are monitored when going into the transition zone. Rock
resulting in increased drill and blast resources and costs. breakers are available to support the operation.
To manage the blasting related risks, blasting practices are applied with care
Increased Presplit wall control requirement. to:
Drill and blast optimisation work related to presplit wall control could lead to an • Improve wall stability and berm catchment capabilities.
increased pre-split requirement. • Improve fragmentation and lower downstream crushing cost.
• Benefit to have owner blast engineer onsite.
The risk of higher water inflow rates is managed in the first instance by
construction of a quality surface drainage system.
Open pit mining delays resulting from higher water inflow rates. This could
Sufficient borehole capacity to drain ground water levels below operating
result from either storm events or higher than assumed ground water inflow
level, at least 10 m below Oxide benches to improve loading rates.
rates to the base of the pits.
Sufficient in-pit dewatering pump capacity and adequate sump construction
and sumps were planned.
Planning assumes a level of reasonable local operator skill. This risk is
Lower than planned productivity rates from equipment. managed by specialist trainers. Equipment numbers are reviewed regularly to
ensure adequate time to train people.
The risk of not achieving the proposed slope designs within the saprolite slopes
Continuous monitoring and slope reviews are carried out on regular basis and
and deep weathering horizons if successful slope depressurisation is not
adjustments made when necessary.
achieved.
Current data supports slopes used in designs but continuous monitoring and
The risk in achieving the targeted pit depths as a function of achieving the inter-
adjustment to slope angles are done to ensure feasible and save operations.
ramp angles within the fresh rock. Given the foliated nature of the rock
Caution is given to ensure safe geotechnical conditions within the pit through
formation in some of the pit walls,
Safe Operating Procedures.
A specialized project team monitors and manages river diversion schedule
Implementation and success of the river diversions and construction of the
and specialized hydrogeologist and geotechnical engineers manages and
Bakatouo and Walter pit protection bunds.
minimizes water seepage within Bakatouo and Walter pits.

Table 16-7: Mining Method Opportunities

Opportunity Control
Resource and Design
Overall inter ramp angles are used in optimisations.
Design to optimization compliance should be documented and should target below
Iterative pit optimisation and pit design process. 10% variance. Pit optimisations are regularly reviewed when there is new drilling
data incorporated to update the resource model, or when there is significant change
to the economic and geotechnical parameters.
Operational
The quality of roads has an impact on aspects such as increased tyre life and
Increased Equipment availability will increase effective annual operating
reduced operating costs. Daily works and inspections carried out to maintained
hours.
good quality road conditions by site teams.
Blast monitoring and ensuring effectiveness of the primary blasting improve
Reduced secondary blasting requirements.
loading time, reduce delays and improve in-pit haul conditions.
Mining multiple locations where pits are in close proximity is manageable as
Reduce equipment requirements by smoothing the number of mining there is flexibility to move equipment between mining locations. There is
locations mined at the same time. sufficient equipment to manage mining of pits located at a relatively far
distance such as Daapleu and Le Plaque.
The availability of personnel has a direct impact on the leadership, quality
assurance, quality control and efficiency of the mining operation. There is
Reduced availability of highly skilled / experienced personnel.
continued implementation of performance management systems / processes,
inclusive of talent recognition and management.

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17 RECOVERY METHODS
17.1 Introduction
The following section includes discussion and comment on the metallurgical processing
aspects in operation at the Ity Gold Mine with specific focus on the following items: process
selection; process and plant description; electrical supply; control philosophy; metallurgical
accounting; historical performance; metallurgical LoMp and associated assumptions; risks and
opportunities; interpretation, conclusions and recommendations.

17.2 Process Selection

Design Philosophy
The process plant design for the Ity Gold Mine is based on a robust metallurgical flowsheet
designed for optimum recovery with minimum operating costs. The flowsheet is constructed
from unit operations and other Endeavour Mining Corporation operations that are well proven
in industry.
The key criteria for equipment selection are the suitability for duty and the projected mine life of
the operation without unnecessarily compromising reliability and ease of maintenance. The
plant layout provides ease of access to all equipment for operating and maintenance
requirements while maintaining a compact footprint to minimise construction costs.
The Ity Carbon-In-Leach Plant (“Ity CIL Plant”) processes a range of ore types (oxide, transition
and fresh) with variable ore characteristics, gold grades and metallurgical treatment
requirements. The primary ores (Fresh) are significantly more competent than the oxide ores.
With the inclusion of Le Plaque into Reserves, pit optimisation and scheduling indicated that
the largest pit is Daapleu which contains up to 33% of the Mineral Reserve and contains both
oxide and primary ores. Testwork results indicated that Daapleu primary ore contains
significant arsenopyrite and a standard cyanide leach will only extract 60% to 65% of contained
gold across the full grade range of ore. Processing trials conducted in November 2019 and
February 2020 indicated that low grade (<1.2g/t) primary ore can achieve a recovery of 76%.
Further trials and testwork is underway to determine whether increased recoveries can be
achieved from the high-grade portion of the Daapleu primary ore.
By contrast to some of the primary ore types, oxide ores are free milling with leach extraction
of 90% to 96%. Mill feed requirements are supplemented successively with oxide material from
Ity Flat, Mont Ity, Gbéitouo, Walter and Zia NE.
Certain ores contain significant cyanide soluble copper and silver which has influenced the
design capacity of the elution circuit and goldroom and also play a key role in determination of
mill feed blends. Following the volumetric upgrade completed in 2019, the plant is able to meet
the following key project and ore specific design criteria:
• 5.2 Mtpa of blended ore; 58% primary and 42% oxide (Life of Mine plan);
• Crushing plant mechanical availability of 80%;
• Mechanical availability for the remainder of the plant of 91.3% supported by crushed ore
storage and stand-by equipment in critical areas; and
• Sufficient automated plant control to minimise the need for continuous operator intervention
and allow manual override and control if and when required.
A process design criteria document has been prepared by Lycopodium incorporating the
engineering and key metallurgical design criteria derived from the results of metallurgical
testwork and comminution circuit modelling. The design document forms the basis for the

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design of the processing plant and required site services.

Selected Process Flowsheet

The treatment plant design incorporates the following unit process operations:
• Single stage primary crushing to produce a crushed product size of (P80 of 129mm);
• Transfer conveyor feeding a surge bin (30 minutes live capacity) which is reclaimed via an
apron feeder. The overflow from the surge bin feeds to a coarse ore stockpile, ore from
which is reclaimed via Front End Loader as required;
• Two stage SAG / Ball milling in closed circuit with hydrocyclones to produce a P80 grind
size of 75µm and including re-crushing of pebbles from the SAG mill;
• Gravity concentration and removal of coarse gold from the milling circuit recirculating load
and treatment of gravity concentrate by intensive cyanidation and electrowinning to recover
gold to doré;
• Pre-leach thickener to increase the slurry density to the carbon in leach (“CIL”) circuit to
minimise CIL tankage, improve slurry mixing characteristics and reduce overall reagent
consumption;
• A CIL circuit incorporating eight (8) CIL tanks containing carbon for gold and silver
adsorption;
• Eighteen tonne capacity split Anglo (“AARL”) elution circuit, electrowinning and gold
smelting to recover gold and silver from the loaded carbon to produce doré;
• Tailings treatment incorporating cyanide destruction using sodium metabisulphate and
oxygen, followed by arsenic precipitation and stabilisation; and
• Tailings pumping to the tailing’s storage facility (“TSF”).
A simplified flow diagram depicting the unit operations incorporated in the selected process
flowsheet is shown in Figure 17-1.

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Figure 17-1: Process Flowsheet (Source: Endeavour)

17.3 Process and Plant Description

The following section provides a description of the process plant, reagents and services area.
A summary of the major equipment sizes is provided in Table 17-1.

Table 17-1: Summary of Major Equipment

Aspect Units Statistic
ROM Bin (t) 241
Primary Crusher (w x l) (mm) 1,600 x 1,200
Coarse Ore Stockpile (t) 15,000
SAG Mill (dia x EGL) (m) 8.50 x 4.35
Ball mill (dia x EGL) (m) 6.10 x 9.05
Pebble Crusher Capacity (tph) 100
Gravity Concentrator Capacity (tph) 2 x 400
Intensive Cyanidation Reactor Capacity (t/d) 5
Hydrocyclones - (No. x dia) mm 18 x 380
Pre-Leach Thickener diameter (m) 38
CIL Tanks - (No. x dia) (m) 8 x 2,900
Intertank Screens - (No. x dia) (m) 16 x 2.4
Cyanide Destruction Tanks - (No. x dia) (m) 2 x 550
Arsenic Precipitation Tanks - (No. x dia) (m) 2 x 550
Elution Circuit Type Split AARL
Elution Circuit Capacity (t) 18
Elution Heater Capacity (kW) 5,000
Pregnant Solution Capacity (m3) 210
Electrowinning cells (No. x size) 4 x 1m sq x 22 cathode
Smelting Furnace Capacity (Litre) 67
Cyanide Storage (m3) 200
Lime Storage (t) 275
Oxygen Plant Capacity (tpd) 2 x 50
Raw Water Storage (m3) 2,200
Process Water Storage (m3) 1,200
Potable Water Plant Capacity (m3/h) 13

Run-of-Mine (ROM) Pad

Haul trucks operating directly from the pit deliver run-of-mine (“RoM”) ore to the RoM pad where
it is dumped in 'finger' stockpiles arranged by ore grade and lithology to enable blending of
different ore types to create a more homogeneous product. A front end loader (“FEL”) is used
to reclaim ore from the various stockpiles to the RoM bin. Where possible, ore is direct tipped
into the RoM Bin. Ore is blended under the guidance of mine geologists and process personnel
to maintain a relatively constant feed grade and ore hardness to the process plant.

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Crushing Circuit
A grizzly is fitted to the RoM bin to protect the downstream equipment from oversize material.
A mobile rock breaker is utilised to break oversize rocks. RoM ore is drawn from the RoM bin
at a controlled rate by an apron feeder which discharges over a vibrating grizzly. The grizzly
oversize reports to the jaw crusher. The grizzly undersize enables a portion of the feed to
bypass the jaw crusher. Both products discharge onto the surge bin feed conveyor. A
weightometer on the surge bin feed conveyor measures crusher product. A tramp metal
magnet has been ordered and will be installed on this conveyor in 2020. This will be placed
ahead of the weightometer to remove any coarse metal to protect the conveyor belts.
The crushing circuit is controlled from the main control room. The FEL operator ensures that
feed is maintained to the crushing circuit and communicates with the crusher operator using a
two-way radio to supply information on crusher feed operation. The speed of the primary feeder
is controlled to a target set-point and measured using the crushing weightometer.
Coarse spillage in the crusher area is cleaned up by FEL and transported to the RoM pad for
drying or fed directly to the primary crusher. Water sprays are installed for dust suppression as
required. A 10t hoist is provided over the jaw crusher to facilitate regular maintenance.

Ore Storage and Reclaim

The crusher output is set to outpace the mill feed setpoint. The surge bin feed conveyor
discharges onto a 500t live capacity surge bin, which provides 30 minutes feed to the milling
circuit to allow for regular maintenance on the crusher. The surge bin feed conveyor discharges
into a fixed point in the surge bin which has a partition wall enabling the overflow to rill into a
second smaller compartment in the bin and on to a coarse ore stockpile feed conveyor. The
coarse ore stockpile has been increased in size in early 2020 to provide 40,000 tonne capacity.
Water sprays are installed for dust suppression as required.
Primary ore is reclaimed from the surge bin via a single variable speed apron feeder. In
addition, ore can be reclaimed via FEL from the coarse ore stockpile in the event of an extended
crusher shutdown. Each of the feeding options is rated to reclaim at the full mill feed rate,
though may be run simultaneously to ensure a regular feed to the SAG mill and to compensate
for different material types or hang-ups in the surge bin. The surge bin is fitted with air blasters
to reduce such hang-ups.
Quicklime, used for pH control in the leach circuit, is added directly onto the mill feed conveyor.
Quicklime is stored in a silo constructed above the mill feed conveyor and is metered onto the
belt using a variable speed screw feeder, which is adjusted according to the mill feed tonnage.
The silo is loaded pneumatically from bulk lime trucks. An emergency back-up system using
lime in bulk bags provides an alternative in the event that bulk lime deliveries are delayed for
any reason. The silo is fitted with a dust collector.
A conveyor weightometer is installed on the SAG mill feed conveyor to provide accurate total
instantaneous and accumulated mass flow feed into the plant. SAG mill grinding media is
loaded onto the SAG mill feed conveyor via the surge bin using a FEL. A ball loading system
has been included in the capital for 2020 and will be installed in the second half of the year.
The reclaim circuit is controlled from the main control room and area shift operators also monitor
the circuit.

Grinding and Classification Circuit

The grinding circuit consists of an SABC circuit with hydrocyclones.

SAG Mill

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The SAG mill is 8.50m dia x 4.35m EGL complete with a 6,000kW variable speed drive and
operates at up to a maximum 18% volumetric ball loading. Variable speed control of the mill,
accomplished through a Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (“VVVF”) system, provides
flexibility for processing of the various ore types. A speed range of 60% to 80% critical speed
is available, though the mill can be slowed down further for softer ore types. SAG mill steel ball
grinding media is typically 100mm to 125mm diameter.
SAG mill liners and grates are handled by a mill liner handler (“thunderbolt”) to reduce manual
handling, improve safety and speed up the relining process.

Pebble Crushing
The SAG mill product discharges into a vibrating single deck heavy duty pebble dewatering
screen fitted with a nominal 15mm aperture polyurethane screen deck. Undersize from the
screen feeds the mill discharge hopper. The oversize pebbles (nominally +15mm) are
transferred via a transfer conveyor to a pebble crusher feed bin ahead of a single 250kW pebble
crusher.
A single stage of tramp metal removal via a self-cleaning belt magnet across the pebble transfer
conveyor is used to remove mill balls and any other magnetic steel debris discharged from the
SAG mill. Tramp metal is deposited in a bunker area with concrete walls on three sides which
provides access for metal removal and protection to personnel in the area. Metal detection
provides a final level of protection against metal entering the pebble crusher. Upon detection
of metal, the flop gate at the head of the transfer conveyor is activated and the ore stream can
bypass the pebble crusher surge bin for a predetermined period and is deposited directly onto
the SAG mill feed conveyor.
The pebble crusher surge bin can hold approximately 25 minutes capacity to improve steady
state operation of the pebble crusher. This design allows for use of a single pebble crusher to
meet the expected pebble load as the competence of the ore is moderate.
A variable speed vibrating feeder transfers the pebbles at a controlled rate from the surge bin
into the pebble crusher. Pebbles are crushed from a nominal top size of 75mm to a P80 of
approximately 12mm. The pebble crusher operates at a closed side setting of 11mm,
depending on ore competency, moisture content and crusher power draw. Product from the
pebble crusher is transferred to the SAG mill feed conveyor. An overhead hoist is provided to
facilitate crusher maintenance.

Ball Mill
A 6.10m dia x 9.05m EGL overflow ball mill, complete with a 6,000kW variable speed drive
operates at up to 35% volumetric loading of steel balls. Variable speed control of the mill,
accomplished through a VVVF system, provides greater control during the plant start-up or
shutdown phase. Product size from the grinding circuit is 80% passing 75μm on 100% primary
ore. The ball mill is set at a fixed speed operating at 100% of the critical speed.
Ball mill grinding media is 50mm diameter balls and is stored in bags adjacent to the grinding
area. Grinding media is loaded via a kibble and hoist, into the ball mill feed chute.

Classification and Trash Screening

The discharge from the SAG and ball mills is combined in a common mill discharge hopper and
diluted with process water prior to classification. The combined mill discharge slurry is pumped
using duty / stand-by pumps, to the classifying cyclones. The cyclone cluster comprises 18 x
380mm diameter hydrocyclones operating at 95kPa. The number of operating cyclones
depends on the ore type being treated.

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Cyclone overflow, at 40% w/w solids, flows by gravity to the trash screen. Trash screen
oversize gravitates to a trash collection bin. The trash screen is located to allow the underflow
to either gravitate to the 38m diameter pre-leach thickener feed box or to bypass the thickener
and feed the CIL circuit directly. The underflow from the cyclone cluster reports to a distribution
box. This box allows part of the cyclone underflow to be returned to the SAG mill if required to
balance power draw with the main flow returning to the ball mill feed.

Gravity
Feed for the gravity circuit is made up of a portion of the combined SAG and ball mill discharge
streams. Gravity feed is pumped from the common mill discharge hopper is pumped using duty
/ stand-by pumps, to the gravity scalping screen distribution box. The gravity circuit feed stream
can gravitate to either of the two vibrating 'scalping' screens to remove coarse (+2 mm) material
and fragments of broken mill balls. This oversize returns to the ball mill feed. The screen
undersize stream gravitates to either of the two 48-inch Knelson centrifugal concentrators. The
tails slurry from the centrifugal concentrator then gravitates to the mill discharge hopper. The
concentrator is operated on a semi-batch basis with periodic discharge of the coarse, high SG
material (gravity concentrate) to the concentrate storage hopper as part of the intensive
cyanidation reactor.
When in use, the intensive leach reactor (“ILR”) processes concentrate once per day in a
rotating drum leach vessel. Cyanide and caustic together with oxygen is introduced into the
slurry and the drum is rotated for up to 18 hours to leach out gold and silver. At the end of this
time the pregnant liquor is separated from the solids and pumped to the dedicated pregnant
liquor tank. Reactor tails are pumped back to the mill discharge hopper for additional milling to
recover any remaining entrained gold and silver.
A dedicated pregnant liquor pump feeds the gravity electrowinning cell in the goldroom with
gold and silver recovered onto stainless steel cathodes and barren liquor returned to the
pregnant liquor tank. The cathodes from the gravity electrowinning cell are treated separately
to assist in metallurgical accounting. Spent electrolyte is recycled to the head of the CIL circuit.

Mill Area
A davit crane is provided over the cyclones for maintenance. A seven-axis liner handler is
provided for mill liner change outs. The mill floor slab is sloped towards a large drive in
collection sump at the discharge end of the mills where submersible pumps return spillage to
the mill discharge hopper or tails tank.
The slab below the SAG mill feed chute incorporates a drive-in sump (with sump pump) to allow
a FEL to remove the coarse spillage which occur in that area when the feed spout is removed.
Scats from the ball mill are collected in a drive-in scats bunker to facilitate bulk scats removal
via FEL for disposal. The scats bunker drains into the mill area drive-in collection sump.

Trash Screening and Pre-leach Thickening

When in use, trash screen underflow from the grinding circuit is thickened in a high rate
thickener to the nominal leach feed density of 50% w/w solids. Thickener underflow is pumped
to the CIL circuit and thickener overflow gravitates to the mill water tank. There is provision for
the thickener to be bypassed in the event that the ore type has poor settling characteristics or
high viscosity, with the trash screen underflow diverted directly to the CIL feed distribution box.

Leach and Carbon Adsorption Circuit

Pre-leach thickener underflow is pumped to the CIL circuit. The circuit consists of eight tanks
interconnected with launders and slurry which flow by gravity through the tank train. Based on

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5Mtpa throughput, residence time is 25 hours for thickened slurry and 19 hours for unthickened
slurry.
Each tank is fitted with a dual impeller mechanical agitator to ensure uniform mixing and two
mechanically swept woven wire intertank screens to retain the carbon. All tanks are fitted with
bypass facilities to allow any tank to be removed from service for agitator or screen
maintenance.
Quicklime added directly to the mill feed conveyor ensures that the slurry pH is suitable for
cyanidation. Sodium cyanide solution is metered into the CIL feed box and tanks from a ring
main system. Oxygen gas from either of the two 50-ton capacity vacuum pressure swing
adsorption (VPSA) plants is distributed to all tanks and sparged down the agitator shafts to
oxidise any cyanicides and to provide oxygen for the leach. The oxygen plants are operated in
a duty / stand- by arrangement,
Fresh / regenerated carbon is returned to the circuit at CIL Tank 8 and advanced counter current
to the slurry flow by pumping slurry with a recessed impeller slurry pump and carbon from CIL
Tank 8 to CIL Tank 7 and so on. The dual intertank screens in CIL Tank 7 retain the carbon
whilst allowing the slurry to flow by gravity back to Tank 8. This counter-current process is
repeated until the carbon eventually reaches CIL Tank 1. A recessed impeller pump is used to
transfer slurry to the loaded carbon recovery screen mounted above the acid wash column in
the elution circuit. The carbon is washed and dewatered on the recovery screen prior to
reporting to the acid wash column. Associated slurry and wash water return to CIL Tank 1.
Slurry from the last CIL tank (CIL tails) gravitates to the carbon safety screen to recover any
carbon leaking from worn screens or overflowing tanks. Screen underflow gravitates to the
detoxification circuit. Screen oversize (recovered carbon) is collected in the fine carbon bin for
potential return to the circuit. Barren carbon returning to the adsorption circuit from the carbon
regeneration kiln is screened on the carbon sizing screen to remove fine carbon and quench
water. The sized and regenerated carbon report directly to CIL Tank 8.

Stripping Plant and Goldroom Operations

The following operations are carried out in the stripping and goldroom areas:
• Acid washing of carbon.
• Cold cyanide washing of carbon as required.
• Stripping of gold from loaded carbon using the split AARL method.
• Electrowinning of gold from pregnant solution.
• Smelting of electrowinning products.
The split AARL stripping circuit is automated and contains a separate acid wash and an elution
column. The total carbon movement around the elution circuit on a daily basis is approximately
18 tonnes, with a solution flow rate in the elution circuit of 2BV/h (64m3/h).
• Acid Wash: Loaded carbon is received into the 18t capacity acid wash column. During
acid washing, a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid is pumped into the bottom of the column
to remove contaminants, predominantly carbonates, from the carbon. After the soak period
of 30 minutes has elapsed, the loaded carbon is rinsed with water. Dilute acid and rinse
water is pumped to the tailings hopper for disposal. Washed carbon from the acid wash
column is pressure transferred from the acid wash column to the elution column and the
water is drained out;
• Cold Cyanide Wash: A cold cyanide solution (2% caustic, 2% NaCN) is made up in the
cold cyanide wash tank sufficient for two bed volumes of the elution column. The cyanide

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solution is circulated through the column and back to the tank for 60 minutes to remove any
soluble copper. The solution is then pushed through the column and into the tank with fresh
water. This copper cyanide rich solution is then pumped to the cyanide destruction tanks
for treatment.
• Pre-soak and Elution: The split AARL elution process is used to recover gold adsorbed
onto carbon recovered from the CIL circuit. Lean eluate from the lean eluate tank is heated
to approximately 95°C and pumped into the base of the elution column using the strip
solution pump. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium cyanide (NaCN) is pumped from the
respective storage tanks and injected into the suction line of the strip solution pump. The
loaded carbon is pre-soaked in the cyanide / caustic solution for 30 minutes to elute gold.
The pregnant eluate is then rinsed from the carbon by up to ten bed volumes of solution
heated to approximately 135°C. The first five bed volumes of the elution is drawn from the
lean eluate tank and directed to the pregnant solution tank for recovery of gold by
electrowinning. The last five bed volumes of the elution is drawn from the treated water tank
and is directed to the lean eluate tank for re-use during the next elution cycle.
Strip solutions are heated indirectly by diesel fired oil heaters and a heat input heat
exchanger. Heat recovered from solution exiting the elution column is used to pre-heat
solution prior to the heat input circuit. Solution samplers are provided to collect pregnant
and stripped eluant for assay.

Electrowinning and Goldroom

Once the elution cycle is completed, recovery of gold and silver is undertaken by electrowinning.
Direct current is passed through stainless steel anodes and stainless-steel mesh cathodes
within the electrowinning cells and electrolytic action causes the gold and silver in solution to
plate out on the cathodes. Three electrowinning cells arranged in parallel are required.
Electrowinning takes approximately 8 to 12 hours. An overhead crane (2t capacity) is provided
to assist with handling of cathodes and anodes. The cathodes are washed with high pressure
spray water and the gold sludge is recovered in a vacuum pan filter. The gold sludge filter cake
is dried in ovens and direct smelted with fluxes in an electric induction furnace to produce doré
bars.
Fume extraction systems are provided to remove fumes and dust from the electrowinning cells,
calcine ovens, barring furnace and flux mixing area. In addition to this, fresh air fans are
provided to ensure there is adequate ventilation inside the goldroom.

Site Security
The goldroom design is based on full security surveillance by a security guard and a second
level of surveillance by remote control CCTV cameras with remote viewing and recording
facilities. Additional security methods and practices are used; however, description of these is
intentionally excluded from this report. Additional cameras are located at key locations to
maintain surveillance particularly in regard to gravity gold processing and to assist with
operational monitoring.

Carbon Regeneration
After completion of the elution process, the barren carbon is transferred to a horizontal diesel-
fired regeneration kiln circuit. The carbon is hydraulically transferred to a dewatering screen
prior to entering the feed hopper of the regeneration kiln. In the feed hopper any residual and
interstitial water is drained from the carbon before it enters the kiln.
The carbon is heated to 650°C to 750°C and held at this temperature for 15 minutes to allow

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effective regeneration to occur. Regenerated carbon from the kiln is discharged to a quench
tank. The quenched carbon is pumped, using a recessed impeller pump, to the carbon sizing
screen. Carbon sizing screen oversize enters the CIL tanks, whereas screen undersize joins
the CIL tailings flow which passes over the carbon safety screens.

Tailings Treatment
• Cyanide Destruction: Ity Gold Mine is committed to meeting or exceeding the ICMC
requirements. An SO2/oxygen cyanide destruction circuit has been installed to meet this
requirement. The SO2/oxygen destruction circuit reduces the weak acid dissociable cyanide
(“CNWAD”) in the slurry discharged from the CIL circuit to less than 50mg/L prior to pumping
to the TSF. The cyanide destruction circuit consists of two tanks providing 1.6 hours
residence time. The tanks are interconnected with launders to allow the circuit to be run in
parallel or series.
Underflow from the CIL circuit carbon safety screen and the cold cyanide copper wash from
elution gravitate to the cyanide destruction circuit. Copper sulphate and sodium
metabisulphite (“SMBS”) solutions are added to provide the required copper and sulphur
dioxide for the cyanide destruction process. Oxygen from the VPSA plant is sparged down
the shafts of the cyanide destruction agitators to provide oxygen to the slurry. Caustic
solution can be added to maintain a slurry pH 8.0 to 9.0.
A new project is currently in the engineering phase to recover and recycle free cyanide from
the tailing stream, back to the CIL. This project is also being scoped to produce a saleable
copper product and to reduce CNWAD levels to below 50mg/L without the addition of toxic
chemicals. Detailed engineering is planned for H2 2020, following which construction is
planned for commencement in 2021.
• Arsenic Precipitation: Some ores contain soluble arsenic which is treated and stabilised
before discharge to the TSF. The arsenic precipitation and stabilisation reaction involves the
use of ferrous sulphate. The reaction is rapid and a single tank of 45 minutes residence time
is provided. Discharge from the cyanide destruction circuit gravitates to the arsenic
precipitation circuit. Ferrous sulphate and sulphuric acid is added in the presence of oxygen.
The arsenic in solution is oxidised to ferric arsenate.
• Tails Disposal: Arsenic precipitation tails and other miscellaneous waste streams from the
process plant is combined in the tails hopper and pumped to the TSF.
Tailings is deposited into the TSF using a peripheral discharge method. Excess water is
recovered using a decant method. Cyclic spigot deposition at various locations is used to
allow consolidation and drying of deposited material into beaches to direct supernatant water
to a pond around the decant tower. Supernatant water is recovered from the TSF and
returned as process water for the plant.

Reagents
• Quicklime: Quicklime is delivered to site in bulk tankers and pneumatically transferred into
the silo. Quicklime is metered via a rotary valve directly onto the mill feed conveyor for
circuit pH control. An emergency lime addition system for bulk bags includes an enclosed
bag breaker and hopper with a rotary valve. A dust collector minimises dust emissions
during loading of quicklime into the storage silo;
• Cyanide: Cyanide is delivered to site in one tonne boxes containing bulk bags of cyanide
briquettes. The briquettes are added to the cyanide mixing tank using an electric hoist and
enclosed bag breaker and dissolved in process water to achieve the required solution
strength. The cyanide solution is transferred to the storage tank for use in the process.

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Cyanide is reticulated to the CIL circuit via a ring main and dosed to the CIL tanks as
required. A dedicated pump provides cyanide solution to the elution circuit and intensive
leach reactor as required;
• Caustic Soda: Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) is delivered to site in bulk bags of 'pearl'
pellets. Caustic bags are added to the mixing tank by electric hoist via a bag breaker and
screw feeder on the receiving hopper and dissolved in raw water to the required solution
strength. The caustic solution is pumped to the elution circuit and intensive leach reactor
as required, with separate dedicated pumps for the cyanide destruction and arsenic
precipitation facilities;
• Hydrochloric Acid: Concentrated hydrochloric acid (32% w/w) is delivered to site in 1,000L
isotainers. The concentrated hydrochloric acid is pumped into the acid mixing / storage tank
where it is diluted with the correct quantity of raw water to achieve the required acid wash
concentration. The dilute acid solution is pumped to the elution circuit as required;
• Activated Carbon: Activated carbon is delivered to site in 500kg bulk bags. Carbon is
added to the carbon quench tank as required for carbon make-up to the CIL inventory.
Carbon is added directly to the last adsorption tank, as required, for carbon make-up or via
the regeneration kiln to allow fines removal on the sizing screen;
• Grinding Media: Grinding balls are delivered to site in bulk. Balls are charged to the SAG
and ball mill as required and as described above to achieve the targeted power draw;
• Flocculant: Flocculant is delivered to site in 750kg bulk bags. Flocculant is added to the
flocculant plant storage hopper using an electric hoist and bag breaker. The vendor supplied
package flocculant mixing plant automatically mixes batches of flocculant with filtered water
which is then transferred to a separate storage tank after each mixing cycle is complete.
The flocculant solution is pumped to the pre-leach thickener and intensive leach reactor as
required;
• Sodium Metabisulphite: SMBS powder is delivered in bulk bags and is mixed with filtered
water and transferred to a storage tank. SMBS solution is metered to the cyanide
destruction circuit by dosing pumps as required;
• Copper Sulphate: Copper sulphate is delivered in 1,000kg bags and is mixed with filtered
water. Copper sulphate solution is metered to the cyanide destruction circuit by dosing
pumps as required;
• Ferrous Sulphate: Ferrous sulphate is delivered in 1,000 kg bags and is mixed with filtered
water. Ferrous sulphate solution is metered to the arsenic precipitation circuit by dosing
pumps as required;
• Sulphuric Acid: Concentrated sulphuric acid (98% w/w) is delivered to site in 1,000L
isotainers. The concentrated sulphuric acid is pumped into the arsenic precipitation tank as
required;
• Fluxes: Sodium borate (borax), silica flour, sodium nitrate (nitre) and sodium carbonate
(soda ash) is used as fluxes for gold smelting. The fluxes are delivered in 25kg bags and
mixed in small quantities with the gold sludge prior to smelting;
• Diesel: Diesel is delivered to site by bulk tankers and transferred to one of two bulk storage
tanks. The diesel is used in the mine, the process plant, for backup generators and to refuel
site vehicles. Diesel may be pumped from the storage tanks to the plant day tank for use in
the strip solution heater and carbon regeneration kiln; and
• Reagents Storage: Reagents are received on site either in bulk (grinding media) or in

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shipping containers, with a minimum of one months' capacity stored on site, to ensure that
supply interruptions do not restrict production. Reagent containers are offloaded from the
delivery truck by the site crane and stacked in a lay-down area until required. Empty
containers are returned with the next delivery.

Services
• Raw Water: Water is pumped from the pit dewatering bores to a surge tank ahead of a
treatment plant. Water from this surge tank is pumped on demand to the plant raw water
tank. The raw water tank has sufficient capacity to minimise the impact of short-term supply
interruptions. Duty / stand-by water pumps are provided for the raw water distribution;
• Fire Water: Fire water for the process plant is drawn from the raw water tank. Suction for
other water services fed from the raw water tank is at an elevated level to ensure a fire water
reserve always remains in the raw water tank. The fire water pumping system contains:
− an electric jockey pump to maintain fire ring main pressure,
− an electric delivery pump to supply fire water at the required pressure and flowrate,
− a diesel driven pump that automatically starts in the event that power is not available for
the electric fire water pump or that the electric pump fails to maintain pressure.
Fire hydrants and hose reels are placed throughout the process plant, fuel storage and plant
offices at intervals that ensure complete coverage in areas where flammable materials are
present;
• Filtered Water: Filtered water for the process plant is produced by treating raw water in the
filtered water treatment plant. The treatment plant consists of clarification through flocculant
addition, sand filtration, carbon filtration and biocide dosing. Filtered water reports to the
filtered water storage tank and is distributed to the plant as required using duty / stand-by
filtered water pumps;
• Gland Water: Water from the filtered water storage tank is distributed as gland service
water using duty / stand-by gland water pumps;
• Mill water: Overflow from the pre-leach thickener feeds the mill water tank. This water is
used for grinding circuit dilution and is topped up with process water as required.
• Process Water: Water is pumped from the TSF decant to the plant process water tank.
The plant process water consists of TSF decant return water and raw water tank overflow.
The process water tank is located so that the raw water tank overflows to the process water
tank allowing the process water tank to be kept full at all times;
Duty / stand-by process water pumps are provided for the plant process water supply. A
separate water pump is provided for fluidisation water supply to the gravity concentrator.
Anti-scalant is added as required to condition the water and reduce fouling of pipelines,
spray nozzles and screen decks;
• Bore Water: Excess bore water from pit dewatering operations is pumped from the bores
to the bore water tank. This feeds a water treatment facility which is able to produce water
of sufficient quality to be discharged into the Cavally River. The bore water tank has
sufficient capacity to minimise the impact of short-term supply interruptions. Duty / stand-
by bore water pumps are provided for the bore water feed to the plant;
• Potable Water: Filtered water is supplied to the plant potable water treatment plant. The
water treatment facility includes micro filtration, ultra-violet sterilisation and chlorination.
Potable water is stored in the plant potable water tank and is reticulated to the site ablutions,
safety showers and other potable water outlets. Transfer pumps feed water to a separate

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camp potable water tank for reticulation. Additional ultra-violet sterilisation units are installed
on outgoing potable water distribution headers;
• Plant and Instrument Air Supply: Plant and instrument air is supplied from duty / stand-
by air compressors. The air is filtered and dried before distribution with separate air
receivers. A check valve on the instrument air supply ensures the integrity of instrument air
supply such that air from the plant air system serves as a back-up for instrument air, but
plant air cannot draw down the instrument air system; and
• Oxygen: A Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption (“VPSA”) oxygen plant is installed adjacent
to the CIL tanks and consists of 2 separate 50tpd capacity units. The oxygen rich stream
(90% O2) discharges to the oxygen receiver and is then distributed to the CIL tanks and the
cyanide destruction tanks. The oxygen plant is supplied with clean air from dedicated screw
compressors. The compressed air has any water and oil removed prior to the VPSA unit.

17.4 Electrical Supply

Installed Load and Maximum Demand
The plant site-wide electrical power requirements for infrastructure, mining and processing were
calculated on the basis of preliminary equipment sizing. The installed load and maximum
demand for the Ity Gold Mine is summarised below.

Table 17-2: Installed Load and Maximum Demand

Installed Load Maximum Demand Average Demand
(MW) (MVA @ 0.85pf) (MW) (MVA @ 0.85pf) (MW) (MVA @ 0.85pf)
26.7 31.4 21.8 25.6 16.3 19.1

The maximum demand is based on an average load factor of 80% for all areas except the mill
drive, which was given a load factor of 95%. The 6,000kW SAG mill and 6,000kW ball mill
represents approximately 54% of the average load.

Power Supply
Power for the facilities is sourced from the grid by an extension to the Danané substation and
construction of 58km of 90kV overhead power line. The Ity substation, owned by CIE, includes
a 90/11kV transformer with an 11kV feeder taken to the main plant switchboard.
A backup diesel generator facility consisting of 16x Caterpillar 3516BHD Gensets, each rated
to 2275KVA has been installed and operates as required. The Grid efficiency is in the range of
90% to 95%.

11 kV Switchboards
One 11kV switchboard has been allowed for in the plant and one is supplied with the grid supply
switchyard onsite power plant. The design fault level and circuit breaker ratings adopted are:
• 11kV switchboard busbar: 2,000A, 25kA at 3sec; and
• 11kV circuit breakers 630A;
Protection is provided by microprocessor-based protection relays.

Earthing System and Lightning Protection

Earth leakage protection is applied to circuits with GPOs (General Purpose Outlets, i.e. power
points) and for lighting circuits. The earthing system within the plant is designed in accordance
with relevant Australian Standards (i.e. AS 3000, AS 3007 and Australian Communications
Authority (ACA)). The following method of system earthing is implemented at various voltage
levels:
• 11kV Earthed via earthing transformers; and

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• 415V Solidly earthed system.

Lightning protection is provided for all plant building structures. Plant substations / switchrooms
and structural high points are fitted with lightning masts of sufficient height and quantity to
ensure that all exposed points are covered as per 'Rolling Sphere Method' of AS 1768.
Lightning protection systems have their own independent earthing electrodes and are
interconnected with the power earthing system.

Lighting
All lighting around the process plant has been designed in a fit for purpose manner to suit the
operational requirement for each area.

17.5 Control Philosophy

The general control philosophy for the plant is to provide a moderate level of automation and
remote-control facilities. Instrumentation is provided within the plant to measure and control
key process parameters, while still requiring manual inspection of equipment before starting.
The main control room houses two PC based operator interface terminals (“OIT”). Both of the
OITs act as the control system supervisory control and data acquisition (“SCADA”) servers as
well as configuration / operator stations. The control room provides a central area from where
the plant is operated and monitored and from which the regulatory control loops are monitored
and adjusted. All key process and maintenance parameters are available for trending and
alarming on the process control system (“PCS”).
The process control system used for the plant is a programmable logic controller (“PLC”) based
SCADA system. The PCS controls the process interlocks and PID control loops for non-
packaged equipment. Control loop set-point changes for non-packaged equipment are made
at the OIT.
The plant process drives report their ready, run and start pushbutton status to the PCS and are
displayed on the OIT. Local control stations are located in the field in proximity to the relevant
drives. These contain start and latch-off-stop (“LOS”) pushbuttons which are hard-wired to the
drive starter. Plant drives are predominantly started by an operator in the field after inspecting
the local equipment.
The OITs allow drives to be selected to Local or Remote or Maintenance modes via the drive
control pop-up. Statutory interlocks such as emergency stops and thermal protection are
hardwired and apply in all three modes of operation. All PLC generated process interlocks are
applied in Local and Remote modes. Process interlocks can be disabled or bypassed in
Maintenance mode except for critical interlocks such as lubrication systems on the mill.
Local selection allows each drive to be operated by the operator in the field via the local start
pushbutton which is connected to a PLC input. Remote selection allows the equipment to be
started from the control room via the drive control pop-up. Maintenance selection allows each
drive to be operated by maintenance personnel in the field via the local start push-button which
is connected to a PLC input. The PLC output is wired to each drive starter circuit for starting
and stopping drives. Status indication of process interlocks as well as the selected mode of
operation are displayed on the OIT.
Vendor supplied packages use vendor standard control systems throughout the project. Vendor
packages are generally operated locally with limited control or set-point changes from the PCS
system. General equipment fault alarms from each vendor package are monitored by the PCS
system and displayed on the OIT. Fault diagnostics and troubleshooting of vendor packages
are performed locally.

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17.6 Metallurgical Accounting

Weightometers are located on the following conveyors throughout the plant:
• Crushed ore transfer conveyor which measures primary crushed ore tonnage;
• SAG mill feed conveyor which measures mill feed tonnes;
• Pebble conveyor which measures the pebbles being recirculated to the SAG mill feed; and
• The tonnage of crushed ore reporting to the stockpile can be estimated from the difference
between the crushed ore tonnage and the mill feed tonnes.
Manual sampling of the leach feed stream and the final plant tailings allows composite shift
samples for leach head grade and tails solution and residue grades. Capital has been
requested to install automatic CIL feed and tail samplers in 2020.
Density and flow meters on the leach feed and tailings lines allows the dry tonnage of solids
pumped to the leach circuit and TSF to be determined as a cross check on the mill feed tonnage
determined from the mill feed weightometer. In conjunction with the leach feed and plant tails
samples, the mass flow measurements allows the gold recovered in the leach/CIL to be
calculated.
A dedicated electrowinning cell is provided for recovery of the gold leached by intensive
cyanidation of gravity concentrate and the recovered gravity gold sludge can be smelted
separately. The plant head grade can be back calculated from the gravity and leach head
grade. Daily gold 'in circuit' surveys allow for reconciliation of precious metals in feed compared
to doré production.
Water supplied and used in the various areas is continuously monitored.
Reconciliation of the quantity of reagents used over relatively long periods is achieved by
delivery receipts and stock takes. On an instantaneous basis, reagent usage rates of cyanide,
elution and detoxification reagents and diesel flow rates to unit operations is measured (L/min)
and accumulated (m3) using flow meters.

17.7 Metallurgical LoMp and Associated Assumptions

Figure 17-2 depicts the process throughput and the average processing unit cost. Process
throughput is sustained at 5.2Mtpa with the unit rate depending on the type of material fed.
Figure 17-3 below shows the annual recovered gold production and recoveries achieved.
Recoveries are forecasted to improve when the significant portion of the plant feed is from Zia
NE and Aires (which is predominantly oxide material).

Table 17-3: Production Schedule LoMp Summary

Item Unit Total
Ore Processed (kt) 62,123
Grade (g/t) 1.57
Contained Gold (koz) 3,144
Recovery Rate (%) 0.82
Gold Recovered (koz) 2,560

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Figure 17-2: Process Feed and Unit Processing Cost (Source: Endeavour)

Figure 17-3: Gold Recovered and Recoveries (Source: Endeavour)

17.8 Risks and Opportunities

The principal risks regarding metallurgical processing at Ity Gold Mine are:
• Process Plant Throughput: The risk that the projected throughput of 5.2Mtpa is not achieved
consistently throughout the year, particularly during the wet season when the high moisture
content in the oxide ore can cause issues with flow through the vibrating feeder and crusher.
Historical throughput during the wetter months is supplemented with feed through the surge
bin, requiring a sizable emergency feed stockpile to be maintained;
• Metallurgical Recoveries: the risk that the metallurgical recoveries as projected may not be
achieved due to the following items:
− that metallurgical recoveries are assumed as constant per ore type within each deposit
and do not vary with grade bins within each ore type,

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− that the leach kinetics for the sulphide material as originally envisaged for 4.0Mtpa
capacity may be different at the increased throughput of 5.2Mtpa,
− that the metallurgical recoveries associated with the processing of high grade Daapleu
ore with high arsenopyrite content are lower than planned due to the impact of this ore
on the blend,
− that process assumptions for certain deposits rely solely on testwork results and do not
benefit from bulk processing experience to date, specifically for certain of the deposits,
notably: Le Plaque, Gbéitouo and Colline Sud;
• High CNWAD levels are experienced due to the variability in cyanide soluble copper with
discharge above the ICMI guideline of 50ppm CNWAD. Whilst the tailings storage facility is
fully lined with under-drainage system and monitoring boreholes, with no impacts detected,
it is appropriate to reduce CNWAD levels to as low a level as possible, preferably less than
50ppm;
• The risk that the operating expenditures assumed as constant per ore type within each
deposit are more variable due to fluctuations in the amount of copper and arsenopyrite and
other geochemical properties.
The principal opportunities regarding metallurgical processing at Ity Gold Mine are:
• The opportunity to improve the overall metallurgical recovery of the high grade Daapleu high
arsenopyrite content ore based on completion of a detailed metallurgical testwork and
process design review to incorporate additional processes to recover and treat this ore,
study work in which is underway, with a PFS due by the end of 2020;
• The opportunity to improve water management through operating the currently standby
thickening capacity, increasing the tailings solids content and reducing the volumes of water
returned to the TSF;
• The opportunity to implement and realise the benefits of the process plant strategic initiatives
referenced in Section 24.2, specifically:
− installation of automatic feed and tailings samplers in H2 2020,
− the Mill Expert Control system, which planned for 2021,
− installation of Historian software for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (“SCADA”)
system in 2021 which facilitates storage and retrieval of time-series database for
analogue data, digital readings, process data, quality information, aggregate data and
alarm information,
− optimisation of the Pebble Crusher through modification of the SAG Mill discharge
trommel grate size in order to maximise pebble crusher throughput. This also requires
review of pebble crusher feed bin arrangement in order to choke feed,
− complete the detailed design for the “RECYN Project with potential savings in cyanide
consumption, significant reduction in CNWAD discharged to the TSF, additional gold
recovery and potential for copper recovery. RECYN is a specialist technology, which
facilitates recovery of cyanide and dissolved metals from precious metal plant process
streams. Based on the next phase of study in H2 2020, a business case will be assessed,
the successful outcome of which would see project construction in 2021; and
• The opportunity to establish the likelihood of additional gold recovery during the mine closure
programme during plant decommissioning and rehabilitation which is in excess of the GIC
estimates. Typical industry experience is either based on estimates focused on determining
the quantum of ‘clean-up gold’ that can be anticipated on closure of a plant is uncertain.

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17.9 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations

In summary the metallurgical assumptions as incorporated into the metallurgical LoMp for Ity
Gold Mine are starting to be understood following commissioning and commencement of
operations in May 2019. The original technical studies have also been supplemented by
additional testwork for the additional deposits now incorporated into the Ore Reserve
statements reported in the 31 December 2019 declarations. Operational performance to date
has, specifically with respect to overall plant throughput, exceeded the original nominal design
capacity of 4.0Mtpa and volumetric upgrade of the plant to 5.0Mtpa in November 2019. The
plant is currently operating in excess of 5.2Mtpa with increased availability and utilisation to
achieve hourly throughput exceeding 700t. This performance is however supported by higher
than planned proportion of feed sourced from spent heap leach material which physical
properties facilitates higher throughput due to reduced milling requirements.
In addition to the above, Ity Gold Mine is also investigating and in certain aspects implementing
several strategic initiatives focused on various operational improvements, the benefits of which
are not factored into the current LoMp metallurgical plan.
Notwithstanding the above the following areas are noted as the key areas of focus:
• Current annual process throughput of 5.2Mtpa will be impacted by high moisture content
oxide ore requiring consistent fresh ore tonnage contributions for blending, particularly
during the wet season and reliance on secondary feeding through the surge bin;
• The current LoMp incorporates ore sources which to date have not been historically
processed and are entirely reliant on bench scale testwork results, such as Le Plaque and
the Colline Sud;
• The original leach kinetics of various ore source blends were based testwork and assuming
a nameplate capacity of 4.0Mtpa. Accordingly, further work may be required to test the
impact of leach kinetics of the various ore blends at the increased throughput of 5.2Mtpa
assuming no further change to process plant configuration and operating practices;
• The current tailings discharge is greater than 50ppm CNWAD; and
• Historical reporting to date is generally focused on monthly reporting at a relatively high level
which is used to inform the metallurgical LoMp assumptions. Accordingly, there remains an
opportunity to collate and analyse historical physical (ore feed, gravity recovery, CIL feed
etc), consumable stores, power consumption and operating expenditures to establish
predictive performance relationships to finesse the projections as reported herein.
Accordingly, the principal recommendations reflect the principal conclusions highlighted above.
These include:
• Undertaking further technical work to assess the economic benefits of increased Daapleu
high grade recovery through the installation of additional processing steps to separate and
process this ore stream;
• Undertaking further technical work to refine metallurgical recovery assumptions, specifically
to confirm the leach kinetics (recovery and residence time) of sulphide ore at the increased
throughput of 5.2Mtpa);
• Complete the detailed design work and business case for the Recyn technology to reduce
cyanide consumption and tailings deposition below 50ppm CNWAD;
• To further analyse historical performance statistics to support establishment of performance
relationships for production assumptions (gravity recovery, CIL feed recovery and tails
grades, residence time and total recovery), consumable stores consumption rates, power

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consumption, water usage, and operating expenditure assessments; and

• To assess the potential benefits of various strategic initiatives underway and the extent to
which this can be included as direct measurable improvements to the LoMp metallurgical
assumptions.

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18 PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE
18.1 Introduction
The following section includes discussion and comment on the supporting on-mine and off mine
infrastructure in place at Ity Gold Mine with specific focus on: road access; rail and port
connections; water supply; tailings storage facility (“TSF”); surface water management;
electrical power demand, supply/generation and distribution; fuel supply; and general site
development and other services. The overall site development plan is shown in Figure 18-1.
which includes the mine site and associated infrastructure including the process plant, tailings
storage facility, accommodation camp, roads, mine services area, mine open pit and mine
waste dump.
The Ity Process Plant and tailings storage facility are located on the western side of the open
pit, just outside the 500m blast zone. The Run-of-Mine (“RoM”) pad location has been selected
for its centralised location close to major pits, as well as proximity to mine services area
(“MSA”). The accommodation camp is located northwest of the process plant. The main
access road approaches the site from the west and the layout provides easy access for
personnel and material movements. The permit perimeter is fenced to prevent animal access
and deter access by unauthorised persons. Monitored high security fencing will surround the
process plant. Road access into the fenced area is through a manned checkpoint. Security
fencing will surround the accommodation camp and general site infrastructure.

Figure 18-1: General Overall Site Layout

18.2 Roads
Main Access Roads
The main access road continues from the Ity village, with the site low security entrance gate
approximately 1km to 2km from the centre of the Ity village. High security access is a further
2km within the lease, adjacent to the process plant. All roads are laterite sealed and drainage

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installed to ensure low maintenance.

Plant Roads
Plant internal roads provide access between the warehouse, high security, maintenance
workshops, reagents storage, administration building, restaurant and other plant site facilities.
These roads are generally 9m wide and constructed proud of bulk earthworks pads. Deep
surface drains and culvert crossings are installed where necessary.

Access Tracks
A number of new tracks were constructed during construction of the Ity CIL Project to access
infrastructure such as the tailings storage facility, sediment control structures and water bore
pumps remote from the plant site. Access tracks were cleared and graded natural earth tracks,
suitably constructed to carry mining and large earthmoving trucks. Exact routes were
determined during construction of the Project to best fit local terrain and vegetation density.
A UNI BRIDGE haul road crossing (Haul Bridge) was constructed over the Cavally River,
situated within the diversion channel upstream of the Daapleu Pit. The haul bridge comprised
of a 25m superstructure placed on concrete reinforced retaining walls. Retaining walls are
founded on CFA piles, ~15m in depth below the wall foundation. Retaining walls are supported
structurally with dead man anchors. The haul bridge was designed for a 1 in 50 year storm
event, with a floodway constructed away from the haul bridge crossing to accommodate flows
from storm events up to 1 in 100 year recurrence interval. Erosion protection rock fill was
installed within the diversion channel for its entire length, with reno mattress beneath and
immediately upstream and downstream of the haul bridge crossing.
All other culvert crossings for the site haul roads were designed for a 1 in 20 year recurrence
interval storm event and comprise generally of reinforced concrete pre-cast or box culverts for
significant culvert crossings. The culvert inlets and outlets comprise stone pitched headwalls.

18.3 Airstrip
A site airstrip designed by Knight Piésold was constructed directly South of the TSF. The
airstrip was designed to Autorité Nationale de l'Aviation Civile de Cote d'Ivoire (“ANAC”)
guidelines. The prevailing wind direction of the Ity project site is northwest to southeast. The
airstrip was orientated similarly to ensure optimal operability.
The airstrip design is summarised as follows:
• The runway running surface is 800m long and 30m wide. The surrounding runway strip is
80m wide;
• The airstrip design was completed for a Pilatus PC-12 or equivalent aircraft;
• Localised widening at the ends of the runway running surface were included in the design,
as the design aircraft cannot turn around within the design runway width;
• The apron is 150m by 75m and sized to accommodate an aircraft hangar, shelter, fuel facility
general airport management /office infrastructure;
• The aircraft trafficked pavement design (runway, taxiway and apron) comprises laterite
running course constructed over a prepared sub-grade;
• External to the trafficked areas, the in-situ material were graded to line and level, and proof
rolled;
• Vee drainage has been installed surrounding the airport apron and runway to provide
adequate drainage for a 1 in 20 year rainfall event.

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18.4 Water Supply

Site water balance modelling was completed for the Ity Gold Project Plant Site, Tailings Storage
Facility (“TSF”) and pit dewatering (groundwater and runoff), for average, and wet and dry
climatic conditions. Key objectives and outcomes from the water balance modelling are
summarised below:
• Determine supernatant pond volumes for average climatic conditions within the TSF
throughout operation;
• Determine supernatant pond volumes within the TSF for design wet rainfall sequences and
storm events, check TSF storm water storage capacity and confirm the suitability of the
current TSF design philosophy;
• Determine staged embankment crest elevations, to ensure containment of tailings and
design supernatant pond volumes;
• Determine the likelihood of recycle water shortfalls during average conditions and design
dry rainfall sequences;
• Determine surplus pit dewatering volumes for average conditions and design wet and dry
rainfall sequences; and
• Assess risk factors for water balance modelling.
The water balance was completed using in-house Microsoft excel-based site-wide water
balance model, based on a monthly time step.

Modelling Results
For water management modelling, various design rainfall conditions were modelled for selected
operational years. The following rainfall sequences were modelled:
• Average conditions;
• 1 in 100 year recurrence interval, one-year dry rainfall sequence;
• 1 in 100 year recurrence interval, one-year wet rainfall sequence; and
• 1 in 100 year recurrence interval, 72-hour duration storm event superimposed over average
rainfall sequence (419mm).
Water balance modelling results are summarised in Table 18-1.

Table 18-1: Water Balance Modelling Results Summary

Design Aspect Design Conditions
1 in 100 Dry Average Conditions
Average Rainfall 1 in 100 Wet Rainfall
Rainfall + 1 in 100 year 72-
Conditions Conditions
Conditions hour storm
Tailings Storage Facility
Peak Supernatant Pond Volume (m3) (Year 2)(1) 199,000 - 344,000 521,000
Peak Supernatant Pond Volume (m3) (Final Year) 927,000 - 1,400,000 1,400,000
Average TSF Recycle Rate – Year 2 (% of water in slurry)(1) 68% 62% 71% -
Minimum Monthly TSF Recycle Rate – Year 2 (% of water in slurry) 41% 41% 41% -
Maximum Monthly TSF Recycle Rate– Year 2 (% of water in slurry) 82% 80% 83% -
Average TSF Recycle Rate – Final Year (% of water in slurry)(1) 81% 81% 80% -
Minimum Monthly TSF Recycle Rate – Final Year (% of water in slurry) 77% 77% 76% -
Maximum Monthly TSF Recycle Rate– Final Year (% of water in slurry) 84% 84% 84% -
Plant Site and Water Supply
Required Additional Water Supply(3, 4) (m3) 62 78 - -
Year 1 Annual Surplus Pit Dewatering Discharge Volume (m3/year) 1,625,000 - 1,971,000 -
Year 1 Average Surplus Pit Dewatering Discharge Rate(4) (m3/hour) 230 - 246 -
Maximum Annual Surplus Pit Dewatering Discharge Volume (m3/year) 3,700,000 - 3,879,000 -
Maximum Average Surplus Pit Dewatering Discharge Rate(4) (m3/hour) 462 - 485 -
(1)
Year 1 comprises November-December only.
(2)
Percentage of total annual volume of water required.
(3)
Available from existing pit dewatering bores post-mining.
(4)
Based on 8,000 hours/year of operation.

Based on the modelling undertaken, the following conclusions were drawn:

• The TSF is designed to hold the tailings plus the design rainfall conditions, and thus has
sufficient storm water storage capacity for all design storm events and rainfall sequences;

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• Under average conditions, the TSF water balance is positive after Year 7 of operation
(assuming that pit dewatering continues to be discharged to the environment);
• Under average conditions, the TSF supernatant pond volume in the final 12 months of
operation ranges from 238,000m3 to 927,000m3 and the water balance remains positive after
decommissioning (increasing pond volume). Therefore, the supernatant pond should be
removed (and treated if necessary) as soon as practicable after decommissioning;
• Under average and design dry conditions no plant water shortfall occurs at any stage of
operation. River abstraction (“Raw Water”) facility was designed and installed to provide
the operation flexibility during downtime, TSF raises and the other events; and
• Under average conditions, the maximum annual surplus pit dewatering discharge volume
(including pit runoff removal) is 3.7M m3, resulting in an average discharge (via treatment
system if required) rate of 462m3/hour. Under design wet conditions, the maximum
discharge volume is 3.9Mm3, resulting in an average discharge (via treatment if required)
rate of 485m3/hour.

18.5 Tailings Storage Facility

Site Selection
The TSF is designed for a total capacity of 57Mt at an average annual throughput rate of 5Mtpa.
A site selection study was conducted to evaluate several sites relative to the SNC-Lavalin
selected site designed for the previous FS. Embankment fill quantities and basin areas were
calculated for all options, and estimated costs of these key items for each option were compared
as part of the siting study.
In order to rank the TSF site options, each option was evaluated independently by scoring the
option against seventeen criteria. Each criterion was assigned a weighting factor according to
an assessment of its importance in the overall decision-making process. Option 3: Cross-valley
TSF 200m south-west of the Ity Process Plant site, with a water / diversion dam upstream of
the TSF was chosen as the most appropriate location.

Design Parameters
Key design parameters for the TSF are summarised in Table 18-2. No design guidelines were
identified for Côte d'Ivoire and therefore the following documents were used in the design:
• Australian National Committee on Large Dams (“ANCOLD”), 'Guidelines on Tailings Dams',
May 2012;
• International Commission on Large Dams (“ICOLD”), ‘Selecting Seismic Parameters for
Large Dams. Guidelines, Bulletin 72’, 1989;
• International Commission on Large Dams (“ICOLD”), ‘Committee on Seismic Aspects of
Dam Design’, International Commission on Large Dams, Paris;
• International Commission on Large Dams (“ICOLD”), ‘Tailings Dams and Seismicity –
Review and Recommendations, Bulletin 9’, 1995; and
• Australian National Committee on Large Dams (“ANCOLD”), ‘Guidelines for Design of Dams
for Earthquakes’, 1998.

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Table 18-2: Tailings Storage Facility – Key Design Parameters

Design Objectives
Key design objectives / outcomes for the TSF are as follows:
• Permanent and secure containment of all solid waste materials;
• Maximisation of tailings densities using sub-aerial deposition;
• Removal and reuse of free water;
• Reduction of seepage;
• Containment of design storm events within the TSF;
• Ease of operation; and
• Rapid and effective rehabilitation.

Design Summary
The TSF valley storage consisted of a single cell formed by three multi-zoned earth fill
embankments, comprising a total footprint area (including the basin area) of approximately
80ha for the Stage 1 TSF increasing to 160ha for the final TSF. The TSF embankment is
constructed in stages to suit storage requirements and minimise up-front capital expenditure.

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The Eastern, Southern and Northern embankments comprised of an upstream low permeability
zone (Zone A), and a downstream structural fill zone (Zone C). Staged embankment crest
elevations are presented in Table 18.5.2. Stage 2 construction will be complete by May 2020
in time for the wet season. Construction for each successive stage is planned to commence in
October / November each year and completed by April / May the following year.

Table 18-3: Staged Embankment Crest Elevations(1, 2)

Incremental Zone A Incremental Zone C Total Zone A + C
Stage Constructed by Crest RL Storage to Tons
(m3) (m3) (m3)
1 Jan-19 278.8 Aug-20 8,109,668 - -
2 Apr-20 283.5 Apr-21 11,700,000 87,000 1,899,000 1,986,000
3 Apr-21 287.2 Mar-22 15,416,667 121,000 1,009,000 1,130,000
4 Mar-22 291.7 Mar-23 20,000,000 146,000 1,916,000 2,062,000
5 Mar-23 293.9 Mar-24 25,416,670 142,000 1,442,000 1,584,000
6 Mar-24 297.4 Mar-25 30,416,670 128,000 1,663,000 1,791,000
7 Mar-25 300.2 Mar-26 35,416,670 106,000 1,567,000 1,673,000
8 Mar-26 302.9 Mar-27 40,416,670 115,000 1,715,000 1,830,000
9 Mar-27 305.5 Mar-28 45,416,670 114,000 1,853,000 1,967,000
10 Mar-28 307.9 Mar-29 50,416,670 111,000 1,900,000 2,011,000
11 Mar-29 310.3 Mar-30 55,416,670 113,000 2,100,000 2,213,000
12 Mar-30 311.1 Jul-30 57,083,336 74,000 756,000 830,000
(1)
Includes a minimum freeboard and stormwater capacity for the greater of: (i) 1 in 100-year recurrence interval, 24-hour storm event occurring on an
average conditions pond, or (ii) 1 in 100 year wet rainfall sequence pond.
(2)
Stage 1 embankment designed for 16-month storage capacity.

Primary seepage control from the TSF comprises of a cut off trench excavated into foundation
soils to competent foundation material, backfilled with low permeability fill to reduce seepage
losses through the embankment foundations. The cut off trench was constructed directly below
the Zone A layer of each embankment, and excavated for the entire embankment length, to
limit potential seepage at any level.
The design incorporates an upstream toe drain and basin underdrainage system in low-lying
basin areas to reduce pressure head acting on the soil liner, reduce seepage, increase tailings
densities, and improve the geotechnical stability of the embankment. The underdrainage
system comprises of a network of collector and finger drains. The toe drain and underdrainage
system drain by gravity to a collection sump located at the lowest point in the TSF. Solution
recovered from the underdrainage system is released to the top of the tailings mass via
submersible pump, reporting to the supernatant pond.
The supernatant pond is removed from the TSF via submersible pumps located within decant
towers. The supernatant pond is maintained within the northern part of the TSF basin
throughout the life of the operation. Solution recovered from the decant system is pumped back
to the plant for re-use in the process circuit.
As the supernatant pond migrates north, additional towers may be constructed higher up the
valley, and raised during operation. Where required, decant towers will have an inlet trench to
enable the tower to receive water when the supernatant pond is remote from the tower. Each
decant tower will comprise a 25MPa concrete base and 1.8m diameter slotted precast concrete
pipe sections. The decant tower is surrounded by free-draining coarse rockfill (Zone G).
An operational emergency spillway is available at all times during TSF operation, it was
constructed in the Southern or Northern embankment abutment. The closure spillway was
excavated into the valley slopes to the north of the TSF basin and was constructed to ensure
all rainfall runoff from the TSF can safely discharge upstream of the TSF (and report off site via
the upstream diversion channel) after decommissioning of the TSF.
Tailings is discharged into the TSF by sub-aerial deposition methods, using a combination of
spigots at regularly spaced intervals from the Northern and Southern embankments, and the
western perimeter of the TSF. Deposition points are required on the Eastern embankment crest
to promote supernatant pond control during the dry season. After initial establishment of the
tailings beaches, a suitable cycle time has been determined in order to evenly deposit the
tailings around the TSF.

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A diversion channel was constructed upstream of the TSF, to reduce the volume of water
ponding upstream of the Northern embankment (and thereby reduce the amount of standing
water in proximity to local settlements). The diversion channel was excavated during Stage 1
construction and was a source of embankment fill material for the embankments.
A preliminary dam break assessment was completed for the Ity TSF. Modelling indicated that
significant settlements (Bietouo and Floleu) are not likely to be impacted in the event of a dam
break, with only a small number of existing structures within any of the modelled impact zones.
People at risk include permanent residences within the dam break catchment, road users as
well as any mine staff completing works on the TSF. As it is difficult to know the frequency and
number of people in the impacted area (particularly during operation), a PAR of 10 to 100 was
assumed for the Ity TSF. The consequence category of the Ity project TSF is ‘High C’ (based
on ANCOLD guidelines).

18.6 Surface Water Management

Cavally River Flow Analysis
An assessment analysis of the flow of the Cavally River flow at the Ity Gold Mine, was
undertaken, specifically frequency analyses on daily flow data (from the Ity gauge) to estimate
the statistical likelihood of experiencing extreme flows at the project site. A large number of
different probability distributions were fitted to the annual maxima of the daily flow data. The
results of the analysis are provided in Table 18-4.

Table 18-4: Extreme Design Flows

Annual Exceedance Probability Annual Recurrence Interval (ARI) Design Flow Rate
(AEP) (y) (m3/s)
0.2% 500 585
1% 100 508
2% 50 467
5% 20 404
10% 10 348
20% 5 286
50% 2 189

Design Summary
KP performed hydraulic modelling using the results of the Cavally River flow analysis to design
the following structures:
• Cavally River diversion upstream of Daapleu Pit (including haul road crossing).
• Cavally River upstream of Walter Pit.
• Pit protection bunds for Zia NE, Walter, Gbéitouo and Daapleu pits.
All structures were incorporated in the hydraulic modelling. Flow levels at critical infrastructure
locations are summarised in Table 18-5.

Table 18-5: Design Flow Levels

Maximum Water Surface Elevation (mRL)
ARI
Flow (m3/s) Daapleu Pit Daapleu Pit Haul Road
(Years) Zia NE Pit Walter Pit Gbéitouo Pit
(Upstream) (Downstream) Crossing
2 189 Dry 261.1 Dry 261.0 260.4 261.0
100 508 263.1 263.1 263.1 263.0 262.9 263.0

The Cavally River Diversion consists of a diversion channel with a 25m to 50m base width
upstream of the Daapleu Pit. The maximum diversion channel depth is approximately 10m,
with side slopes 2.5H:1V. The haul road crosses the diversion channel via a haul bridge
comprising of a 25m UNI Bridge superstructure placed on concrete reinforced retaining walls.
The Walter Pit diversions on the Cavally River is nearing completion (by May 2020) and
comprises a channel with a 25m base, as that is the typical base width of the Cavally river at
Ity, based on bathymetric survey data. The maximum diversion channel depth is approximately

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8m, with side slopes 2.5H:1V. Erosion protection will be installed on the pit side of the diversion
channel. The Bakatouo and Colline Sud pit diversions are planned for constructing
commencing November 2020 during the next dry season.
Pit protection bunds are designed at the 100-year ARI flood levels plus 300mm freeboard. The
bunds have a crest width of 6m to allow vehicle access, and side slopes of 2.5H:1V. The
protection bunds are lined with rock fill for erosion protection on the flood side, and topsoil for
revegetation on the pit side. In some places, the haul road will run immediately upstream of the
pit protection bund at a lower elevation to reduce fill volumes. Additional bunds are constructed
in conjunction with each new river diversion.
Recent project activities that have occurred in the Cavally river flood plain are summarised
below:
• In late 2018, the Daapleu Pit Haul Road Bridge crossing the Cavally flood plain was
designed in detail and constructed;
• In early 2019, the Daapleu Pit Cavally Diversion (under the Haul Road Bridge) was designed
in detail and was constructed in accordance with design (capital expenditure - US$11.4m,
for the bridge and river diversion);
• In early 2020, the Walter Pit Cavally Diversion and protection bund was designed in detail
and construction will be completed in May 2020 (capital expenditure US$1.98m, detailed
estimate);
• In early 2020, the Bakatouo Pit Cavally Diversion and protection bund was designed in
detail. In early 2021, the Bakatouo Pit Cavally diversion and protection bund is expected to
be constructed in accordance with the designs. Current forecasts suggest this infrastructure
be completed in May 2021 (capital expenditure - US$2.25m detailed estimate); and
• In 2018, the Endeavour Government Relations team applied for four environmental permits
to divert the Cavally River in four location; Daapleu, Bakatouo, Walter and Colin Sud.
Daapleu diversion has been granted previously. Bakatouo, Walter and Colin Sud diversions
were granted in April 2020.

18.7 Power Supply and Distribution

Power for the Ity Mine is supplied via a connection to the national grid at Danané, approximately
58 km from the Project site. La Société des Energies de Côte d’Ivoire (CI - ENERGIES) owns
the National Interconnected Transmission System (“ITS”) in Côte d’Ivoire, and Compagnie
Ivoiriennne d’Electricité (“CIE”) manages the electricity generation and transmission network
for the Government. The following power supply infrastructure was constructed at Ity:
• Extension of the Danané Substation by extending the existing 90kV bus and addition of a
90kV transmission line feeder;
• Construction of 58km of 90kV single circuit lattice tower transmission line; and
• Construction a substation at Ity site which is owned and operated by CIE.
The Operation currently offtakes from a 90kV tariff metered feeder, installed on the 90kV/11kV
transformer in the CIE substation, which powers an 11kV feeder to the Plant Main 11kV
Switchboard.
Grid reliability has varied between 90% to 98% over the past year since the facility was
completed and is supplemented by a back-up power station described below. On the back of
the experience at Agbaou Gold Mine, Endeavour has maintained a strong relationship with CIE
to ensure that both parties understand any reasons for poor power quality or trips and also to
plan in maintenance periods such that work is done on the grid during plant shutdowns.

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Emergency Power Supply

To provide the operation redundancy in the event grid power become unavailable or
consistently unreliable, a Light Fuel Oil (“LFO”) power generation plant was constructed. The
plant comprises of eighteen (18) Caterpillar 3516B diesel engines, each providing
approximately 1.8MW of power. Total power plant capacity is 32.7MW.
The power plant start-up has been synchronized with the CIE HV switch yard at Ity. Variations
in incoming loads will trigger soft start of the power station and supply to the main incomer,
limiting as much as possible operational down time.
The Power Plant has a standalone fuel storage facility, which has the ability to offload diesel
tankers independent of the contracted fuel facility located at the MSA. Storage capacity of the
fuel facility is approximately 30,000 litres.

Power Distribution
The electrical system was based on 11kV distribution and 415V working voltage. For the
process plant the 11kV supply is stepped down from 11kV to 415V at the main switchroom and
distributed to two other switchrooms at 415V. The main switchroom is separated into a HV
area for the 11kV switchboard and a LV area for the 415V motor control centres (“MCCs”). The
main switchroom is adjacent to the grinding area to minimise cable lengths to the HV mill drive.
One of the 415V switchrooms is located adjacent to the elution and CIL areas and the other is
adjacent to the primary crusher area.
Switchrooms in the crushing area and process plant area house the 415V MCCs. Outdoor
control panels and distribution boards have been allowed for plant lighting and small power
distribution and UPS power distribution.
There are 2 off 1 MVA stand-by emergency diesel generators which supply power to the critical
plant process drives and the camp if there is main power supply failure.
The power distribution to the dewatering bores are from two 0.5MVA diesel generators located
close to the majority of the 42 dewatering pumps.

Electrical Buildings
To minimise site works electrical equipment has generally been procured pre-installed in
prefabricated switchroom buildings:
• HV switchroom for process plant;
• Three LV switchrooms for the crushing and process plant areas; and
• A plant control room with the control system equipment pre-installed and installed adjacent
to the plant offices.
The electrical buildings were installed with air-conditioners and suitably sealed to prevent
ingress of dust.

Earth Fault Protection

Earth leakage protection was applied to circuits with GPOs (General Purpose Outlets, i.e. power
points) and for lighting.

Fire Protection
The HV switchroom, LV switchroom and the plant control room is provided with fire detection
systems. Signals from the fire detection system is wired to the respective fire indication panel
(“FIP”) in the switchrooms and all signals are monitored by a master fire detection panel
(“MFIP”) in the security / emergency services control room. Each FIP was also wired to a local
siren with beacon to warn staff of the fire detection. The same fire and smoke activation alarm

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signals detected by the fire detection system is monitored in the plant control room.

18.8 Other Ancillary Infrastructure

Cable Ladders
Cable ladders were laid horizontally, with vertical ladders used in areas where spillage may
occur. Hot dip galvanised / epoxy painted type cable ladder was used. However, stainless
steel cable ladders were used in areas exposed to corrosive particles / fumes / mists. Cables
of different voltage groups were installed on separate ladders.

Cables
Direct buried cables were provided with armouring. Cables up to 16mm2 were PVC insulated
and bigger cables were XLPE insulated. VSD cables were multiple core 3 x phase and 3 x
earth cables symmetrically laid out within an overall shielded cable. Cables within the plant
area were installed above ground, on cable ladders and follow the mechanical pipe racks
wherever possible.

Lighting
All lighting around the process plant was installed in a fit for purpose manner to suit the
operational requirement for each area.

Pipelines
The overland HDPE tailings and return water pipelines to and from the TSF were placed in a
lined trench. On sections where these pipes cross under the roads, they were encased within
larger pipes. All diesel pipelines were laid on a sand base and wrapped in denso-wrap type
material for corrosion protection, sealing and water proofing of the pipelines.

Fuel Supply
To minimise site works, fuel storage was a vendor supplied package consisting of a 1,100m3
field erected fuel storage tanks and pump skids located at the MSA. This provides sufficient
fuel for the needs of the mining fleet and emergency power for three months if there is any
disruption of fuel supply.

Sewage and Solid Waste Management

Wastes are sorted and reused or recycled as far as the limited access to recycling facilities
allows. Waste lubricating oils are returned to the supplier for recycling. General solid wastes
are deposited into a landfill at the toe of the mine waste dump and promptly covered to deter
vermin and scavengers. Materials such as cyanide packaging are incinerated under
supervision.

Explosive Storage and Handling

A high explosive magazine was built and located separately. The facility includes a blast berm
and is fully fenced. This stores high explosives and detonators.

18.9 Accommodation
Permanent Accommodation Camp
The 312 bed accommodation camp is located approximately 1km north west of the process
plant and provides accommodation for salaried and security staff not originating from the local
area. The camp is primarily constructed from blockwork, however there are numerous pre-
fabricated building blocks which were utilized for construction. The balance consists of the
following:

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• One (1) GM House – Comprising of three (3) bedrooms;

• Twelve (12) VIP / management units – three blocks of four units;
• Eighty (80) Blockwork units – ten blocks of eight units;
• Forty (40) fully furnished containerized units – prefabricated in blocks of 10;
• One hundred and sixty (160) fully furnished containerised units – prefabricated in blocks of
40 (double story);
• Twenty (20) fully furnished containerised units – relocated from the original construction
camp;
• Dry mess with food storage and preparation, kitchen and dining facilities and camp
administration office;
• Wet mess with a bar, TV area and storeroom;
• Combined laundry building; and
• Gymnasium, squash court and swimming pool.

18.10 Site Buildings

Site buildings are 'fit for purpose' industrial type structures. The workshop and warehouse were
constructed of a concrete slab on ground with structural steel frame and metal cladding. Offices
and amenity buildings are a combination of blockwork and prefabricated structures. The
process plant and administration facilities are shown in Figure 18-2.

Figure 18-2: General Plant Layout

The following facilities are located in fenced areas outside the secure process plant area:
• Low Security Gatehouse with turnstile and entry boom gate control;
• Main administration building;
• First aid / medical clinic;

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• Security Barracks;
• Warehouse, stores and office;
• Emergency power generators and switch room;
• Transformer / switchyard(s);
• Fuel storage facility; and
• Mine services area (“MSA”) - Figure 18-3.
The following buildings are located inside the process plant high security area:
• High Security access building and change room including laundry;
• Plant offices and control room, training room, junior staff mess and ablutions;
• Motor control Centres;
• Plant workshop (Mechanical and Electrical) including small store, welding bay and overhead
crane;
• Contract laboratory;
• Engineering offices and ablutions;
• Reagent storage areas; and
• Goldroom.
The following buildings are located outside the site low security area: Gendarmerie barrack
comprising prefabricated double bunk style accommodations. The facility is arranged in a block
of 10 double rooms and houses approximately thirty (30) to forty (40) mixed force soldiers to
strengthen security around the site perimeter.

Figure 18-3: Mine Services Area

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18.11 Heap Leach Processing Facility and Associated Infrastructure

With the previous SMI Heap Leach Gold Operation being made redundant after the construction
of the Ity CIL and associated infrastructure, the following facilities were demolished and either
re-used, sold to scrap or put into storage on site:
• Heap leach primary crusher facility;
• Grasshopper conveying systems;
• Heap leach processing facility;
• Former HV workshop;
• Former LV workshop;
• Former Warehouse / stores;
• Administration offices, power generation, LV fuel facility; and
• Laboratory.

18.12 Risks and Opportunities

No significant risks and opportunities have been identified at the Ity Gold Mine with respect to
the on-mine and off-mine infrastructure.

18.13 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations

In summary the infrastructure aspects at the Ity Gold Mine are well established following
commissioning and commencement of CIL operations. The asset integrity programmes
including ongoing maintenance and replacement is well established and supports all aspects
of key operational activities resulting in relatively high availability and utilisation for remote
mining and processing operations.

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19 MARKET STUDIES AND CONTRACTS

19.1 Introduction
The following section includes discussion and comment on the commodity market studies and
key contracts related to the operations of Ity Gold Mine. Specifically, details are provided on
the following aspects: gold and silver commodity prices; macroeconomics; material contracts;
risks and opportunities; and interpretations, conclusions and recommendations.

19.2 Summary Commodity Price and Macroeconomic Assumptions

The forecast commodity prices and macro-economic assumptions as reported in this Technical
Report are compiled from Endeavour’s determinations which in turn is based on that assumed
by mining and metals market peer companies and consensus market forecasts where available.
These forecasts are not directly supported by detailed analysis undertaken by recognised
commodity market specialists which typically short, medium- and long-term demand-supply-
price analysis to support their determinations. As such all forecasts should be considered on a
relative basis and compared to that reflect by the consensus market forecasts (“CMF”). Where
possible historical data has been collated and reported through to 31 March 2020 and the latest
CMF is also sourced from consensus data obtained in March 2020. All historical real terms
data has been based dated to 31 March 2019.
The commodity price assumptions as relied upon for the economic analysis of the LoMp
constrained to depletion of Mineral Reserves are as reflected in Table 19-1 below. The only
other key macro-economic assumptions are the exchange rates against the US$ which
assumed: US$1.11 to one Euro (“€”); US$1.25 to one Great British Pounds; Canadian Dollar
(“C$”) of 1.30 to one US$; ‘Coopération financière en Afrique centrale’ (“CFA”) issued by
‘Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale’ (“BEAC”) hereinafter CFA BEAC (“XOF”) of 600 to one
US$; and Australian Dollar (“A$”) of 1.50 to one US$. For comparative proposes certain
commodity prices are also presented in nominal terms and are derived assuming a constant
consumer price inflation (“CPINF”) of 2.00% per annum. The commodity price forecasts reflect
the assumption as incorporated for the derivation of the Mineral Reserves as reported herein
and include a constant 1 January 2020 real terms price of US$1,300/oz and US$15.00/oz for
gold and silver respectively.

Table 19-1: Summary Assumptions – Commodity Prices and Macro-Economics

Commodity Source Units 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 LTP
Real(1)
Gold Endeavour (US$/oz) 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300
CMF (US$/oz) 1,520 1,490 1,420 1,310 1,280 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350
3Y Average (US$/oz) 1,375 1,375 1,375 1,375 1,375 1,375 1,375 1,375 1,375 1,375
Silver Endeavour (US$/oz) 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
CMF (US$/oz) 17.50 16.75 18.25 18.00 17.75 18.75 18.75 18.75 18.75 18.75
3Y Average (US$/oz) 16.45 16.45 16.45 16.45 16.45 16.45 16.45 16.45 16.45 16.45
Nominal(2)
Gold Endeavour (US$/oz) 1,326 1,326 1,326 1,326 1,326 1,326 1,326 1,326 1,326 1,326
CMF (US$/oz) 1,550 1,520 1,448 1,336 1,306 1,377 1,377 1,377 1,377 1,377
3Y Average (US$/oz) 1,403 1,403 1,403 1,403 1,403 1,403 1,403 1,403 1,403 1,403
Silver Endeavour (US$/oz) 15.30 15.30 15.30 15.30 15.30 15.30 15.30 15.30 15.30 15.30
CMF (US$/oz) 17.85 17.09 18.62 18.36 18.11 19.13 19.13 19.13 19.13 19.13
3Y Average (US$/oz) 16.78 16.78 16.78 16.78 16.78 16.78 16.78 16.78 16.78 16.78
(1)
Real terms prices as at 1 January 2020 money terms.
(2)
Nominal prices assuming annual US$ CPI of 2.00%.

19.3 Gold Market

Table 19-2 present the analysis of gold Consensus Market Forecasts (“CMF”) for annual
periods from 2020 through 2024 and in addition the Long-Term Price (“LTP”) assumptions in
real terms (31 March 2019, assumed as 1 January 2020). The CMF LTP derived from the
March 2020 analyst pole which indicates a median of US$1,350/oz based on nine analysts with
a range of US$1,110/oz to US$1,620/oz. Table 19-3 presents the historical gold price statistics
on an annual basis from 2000 through to 2019 and for the three-month period ended 31 March

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2020. For the 12-month period ended 31 December 2019, the gold price ranged from a low of
US$1,270/oz to a high of US$1,552/oz with an average of US$1,393/oz and a three-year
moving daily average of US$1,292/oz. For the three-month period ended 31 March 2020, the
gold price ranged from a low of US$1,470/oz to a high of US$1,680/oz with an average of
US$1,580/oz and a three-year moving daily average of US$1,375/oz.
Figure 19-1 presents historical and forecast gold price trends from 1970 through to 2030 for:
nominal and real daily closing prices; three year daily moving average; historical nominal and
real Long-Term Price assumptions; and forecast CMF in nominal and real terms where the real
base date is noted as 1 April 2021. As at 12 April 2020, the “Reuters Poll” forecast reported a
median gold of US$1,546/oz and US$1,500 for 2020 and 2021 respectively.

Table 19-2: Gold Consensus Market Forecast analysis (31 March 2020 real terms):
2020 through 2027 and the LTP(1)
Statistics Units 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 LTP
High (US$/oz) 1,766 1,682 1,665 1,681 1,765 1,620
Median (US$/oz) 1,520 1,490 1,420 1,310 1,280 1,350
Average (US$/oz) 1,539 1,472 1,442 1,388 1,352 1,346
Low (US$/oz) 1,404 1,331 1,288 1,209 1,093 1,110
STDEV (US$/oz) 111 106 114 140 168 163
Analysts (No) 27 15 22 19 19 9
(1)
Consensus Market Forecast as sourced from on-market data.

Table 19-3: Historical gold price statistics for annual periods commencing 2000
through 31 March 2020(1)
Period Min Max Average 3YDMAV Nominal Close Real Close(2) LTP Real(2, 3)
(US$/oz) (US$/oz) (US$/oz) (US$/oz) (US$/oz) (US$/oz) (US$/oz)
2000 264 316 279 296 272 398 438
2001 255 293 271 281 279 401 432
2002 278 349 310 285 347 487 449
2003 323 416 364 306 415 572 479
2004 375 455 410 339 438 585 503
2005 412 528 445 382 517 668 517
2006 517 719 604 456 636 802 579
2007 607 839 697 539 833 1,008 686
2008 710 1,002 871 654 878 1,062 846
2009 810 1,215 973 787 1,096 1,290 836
2010 1,063 1,423 1,226 942 1,419 1,646 947
2011 1,311 1,899 1,572 1,160 1,564 1,761 1,115
2012 1,538 1,789 1,669 1,360 1,674 1,854 1,255
2013 1,190 1,692 1,410 1,469 1,205 1,314 1,280
2014 1,141 1,382 1,266 1,479 1,184 1,281 1,256
2015 1,051 1,301 1,160 1,376 1,061 1,140 1,193
2016 1,060 1,366 1,248 1,271 1,151 1,212 1,242
2017 1,151 1,349 1,258 1,233 1,302 1,343 1,196
2018 1,174 1,358 1,269 1,234 1,283 1,298 1,265
2019 1,270 1,552 1,393 1,292 1,517 1,501 1,302
2020 1,470 1,680 1,580 1,375 1,571 1,571 1,350
(1)
Historical data to 31 March 2020.
(2)
Real terms prices as at 1 January 2020 money terms.
(3)
Historical Long-Term Price derived from median of Consensus Market Forecasts.

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Figure 19-1: Historical Gold Spot Market Prices (nominal and real 1 April 2020): daily;
three-year average daily

Analysis of peer group gold price assumptions used by gold mining companies indicates that
• For reporting of Mineral Reserves gold price assumptions published in a survey based on
2018 data published in 2019 indicated ranges from US$975/oz to US$1,250/oz (Table 19-4).
Analysis of more recent date reported by a number of peer group mining companies (Table
19-5: US$1,100/oz to US$1,300/oz with a median of US$1,200/oz); and
• For reporting Mineral Resources gold price assumptions published in a survey based on
2018 data published in 2019 indicated ranges from US$1,200/oz to US$1,500/oz with a
median of US$1,400/oz (Table 19-4). Analysis of more recent date reported by a number
of peer group mining companies (Table 19-5: US$1,200/oz to US$1,500/oz with a median
of US$1,300/oz).
The analysis reported in Table 19-5, comprises 10 peer group mining companies, which
represents 32.2% and 36.4% of global gold production and total Mineral Resources
respectively. For impairment testing the Ity Gold Mine was assessed assuming the following
commodity price assumptions: US$1,500/oz for gold; and US$17/oz for silver.

Table 19-4: Mining Company gold price assumptions: Impairment testing; Mineral
Reserves; and Mineral Resources(1)
Aspect Range Gold Price (US$/oz)
Period 2019 2020 2021 LTP
Low 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200
Impairment Testing Average 1,243 1,239 1,241 1,243
High 1,303 1,320 1,317 1,313
Period 2015 2016 2017 2018
Low 1,000 1,100 1,100 975
Mineral Reserves Average 1,170 1,212 1,226 1,173
High 1,300 1,260 1,300 1,250
Period 2015 2016 2017 2018
Low 1,100 1,125 1,100 1,200
Mineral Resources Average 1,295 1,285 1,322 1,300
High 1,500 1,400 1,500 1,500
(1)
Source: Gold and Copper Price Survey, December 2018 (PWC).

Table 19-5: Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve gold price assumptions (2020)
Company 2P 3R 2019 Prdn Global Prdn 2P 3R Global: 3R
(US$/oz) (US$/oz) (MozAu) (%) (MozAu) (MozAu) (%)
Newmont Goldcorp Corp. 1,200 1,400 7.45 6.9 100.2 177.0 5.3
Barrick Gold Corp. 1,200 1,500 7.32 6.8 71.0 169.0 5.0
AngloGold Ashanti Ltd. 1,100 1,400 3.45 3.2 43.9 175.6 5.2

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Company 2P 3R 2019 Prdn Global Prdn 2P 3R Global: 3R

(US$/oz) (US$/oz) (MozAu) (%) (MozAu) (MozAu) (%)
Kinross Gold Corp. 1,200 1,400 2.45 2.3 24.3 65.7 2.0
Newcrest Mining Ltd. 1,200 1,300 2.33 2.2 52.0 110.0 3.3
PJSC Polyus 1,250 n/a 2.40 2.2 64.4 191.5 5.7
Freeport-McMoRan Inc. 1,200 1,200 2.22 2.1 29.1 58.4 1.7
Gold Fields Ltd. 1,200 1,400 1.91 1.8 49.3 104.0 3.1
Agnico Eagle Mines Ltd. 1,200 1,200 1.78 1.7 21.6 61.1 1.8
Sibanye Gold Ltd. 1,300 n/a 0.93 0.9 15.4 104.6 3.1
Subtotal 1,200 1,400 32.2 30.0 1,217.0 36.4
Global 107.6 3,346.8

19.4 Silver Market

Table 19-6 present the analysis of silver CMF for annual periods from 2020 through 2024 and
in addition the LTP assumptions in real terms (31 March 2019, assumed as 1 January 2020).
The CMF LTP derived from the March 2020 analyst pole which indicates a median of
US$18.75/oz based on nine analysts with a range of US$13.05/oz to US$20.66/oz. Table 19-7
presents the historical gold price statistics on an annual basis from 2000 through to 2019 and
for the three-month period ended 31 March 2020. For the 12-month period ended 31 December
2019, the silver price ranged from a low of US$14.35/oz to a high of US$19.57/oz with an
average of US$16.19/oz and a three-year moving daily average of US$16.50/oz. For the three-
month period ended 31 March 2020, the gold price ranged from a low of US$11,98/oz to a high
of US$18.62/oz with an average of US$16.89/oz and a three-year moving daily average of
US$16.45/oz.
Figure 19-2 presents historical and forecast silver price trends from 1970 through to 2030 for:
nominal and real daily closing prices; three year daily moving average; historical nominal and
real Long-Term Price assumptions; and forecast CMF in nominal and real terms where the real
base date is noted as 1 April 2021. As at 12 April 2020, the Reuters Poll forecast reported a
median silver of US$18.28/oz and US$19.13 for 2020 and 2021 respectively.

Table 19-6: Silver Consensus Market Forecast analysis (31 March 2020 real terms):
2020 through 2027 and the LTP(1)
Statistics Units 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 LTP
High (US$/oz) 21.59 20.52 20.77 20.77 20.84 20.66
Median (US$/oz) 17.50 16.75 18.25 18.00 17.75 18.75
Average (US$/oz) 17.52 17.45 17.75 17.51 17.38 18.19
Low (US$/oz) 14.70 14.55 14.18 13.70 13.37 13.05
STDEV (US$/oz) 1.71 1.81 1.94 2.14 2.20 2.37
Analysts (No) 22 11 17 15 15 9
(1)
Consensus Market Forecast as sourced from on-market data.

Table 19-7: Historical silver price statistics for annual periods commencing 2000
through 31 March 2020
Period Min Max Average 3YDMAV Nominal Close Real Close(1) LTP Real(1, 2)
(US$/oz) (US$/oz) (US$/oz) (US$/oz) (US$/oz) (US$/oz) (US$/oz)
2000 4.57 5.50 4.95 5.15 4.59 6.71 5.25
2001 4.05 4.80 4.37 5.02 4.61 6.63 5.00
2002 4.23 5.07 4.60 4.78 4.76 6.69 5.00
2003 4.34 5.96 4.88 4.70 5.93 8.18 5.00
2004 5.54 8.22 6.66 5.13 6.79 9.07 5.08
2005 6.41 8.98 7.31 5.86 8.81 11.38 5.17
2006 8.72 14.74 11.56 7.60 12.87 16.21 7.75
2007 11.54 15.48 13.37 9.73 14.77 17.88 9.33
2008 8.95 20.75 14.93 11.79 11.30 13.66 10.58
2009 10.53 19.20 14.67 13.63 16.83 19.81 11.25
2010 15.01 30.86 20.16 15.78 30.86 35.79 13.08
2011 26.82 48.41 35.27 21.26 27.69 31.19 16.17
2012 26.34 36.89 31.13 25.31 30.31 33.56 19.58
2013 18.45 32.24 23.79 27.59 19.41 21.17 19.58
2014 15.33 21.96 19.03 27.31 15.66 16.95 18.75
2015 13.70 18.29 15.69 22.41 13.83 14.86 18.33
2016 13.79 20.61 17.08 18.90 15.93 16.78 19.50
2017 15.58 18.52 17.04 17.21 16.95 17.47 19.00
2018 13.96 17.57 15.68 16.37 15.48 15.66 17.50
2019 14.35 19.57 16.19 16.50 17.83 17.64 17.58
(3)
2020 11.98 18.62 16.89 16.45 13.97 13.97 18.75
(1)
Real terms prices as at 1 January 2020 money terms.
(2)
Historical Long-Term Price derived from median of Consensus Market Forecasts.
(3)
Historical data to 31 March 2020.

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Figure 19-2: Historical Silver Spot Market Prices (nominal and real 1 April 2020): daily;
three-year average daily

Analysis of peer group silver price assumptions used by gold mining companies indicates that
• For reporting of Mineral Reserves silver price assumptions reported by a number of peer
group mining companies (Table 19-8) indicated a range from US$15.00/oz to US$18.00/oz
with a median of US$15.00/oz); and
• For reporting of Mineral Resources silver price assumptions reported by a number of peer
group mining companies (Table 19-8) indicated a range from US$15.00/oz to US$18.00/oz
with a median of US$15.00/oz)
The analysis reported in Table 19-8, comprises 9 peer group mining companies, which
represents 30.4% and 34.5% of global silver production and total Mineral Resources
respectively.

Table 19-8: Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve silver price assumptions (2020)
Company 2P 3R 2018 Prdn Global Prdn 2P 3R Global: 3R
(US$/oz) (US$/oz) (MozAg) (%) (MozAg) (MozAg) (%)
Fresnillo plc. 17.00 17.00 58.1 6.8 397.8 2,146.0 5.6
Glencore plc. 15.00 15.00 34.9 4.1 487.9 3,027.9 7.9
KGHM Polska Miedz S.A. Group 15.00 15.00 33.9 4.0 1,688.6 4,571.0 12.0
Cia. De Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. 15.00 15.00 26.2 3.1 264.4 419.1 1.1
Polymetal International plc. 15.00 15.00 25.3 3.0 116.0 463.8 1.2
Pan American Silver Corp. 17.00 17.00 24.8 2.9 557.2 1,099.5 2.9
Hochschild Mining plc. 16.00 16.00 19.7 2.3 42.8 345.5 0.9
Hindustan Zinc Ltd. 18.00 18.00 19.6 2.3 279.7 1,011.1 2.6
Southern Copper Corp. 15.00 15.00 17.3 2.0 52.5 110.1 0.3
Subtotal 15.00 15.00 259.8 30.4 13,193.9 34.5
Global 855.7 38,230.0

19.5 Macro Economics

The Financial Model for the Ity Gold Mine has been established in real terms and as such does
not explicitly model the impact of inflation and purchase price or non-purchase price parity
determination of nominal exchange rates. This aside the forecast expenditures incorporate the
impact of assumed real terms exchange rates for both operating and capital expenditures.
Accordingly, the following includes a summary of the key macro-economic parameters which
directly or indirectly impact both the projection of expenditures and the economic analysis of
the Mineral Reserves.

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Exchange Rates
The budgeting process and LoMp expenditure forecasts in corporate assumed long-term real
terms exchange rates measured against the US$ of: 1.11€ to one US$; Great British Pounds
(“GBP”) of 0.80 to one US$; Canadian Dollar (“C$”) of 1.30 to one US$; ‘Coopération financière
en Afrique centrale’ (“CFA”) issued by ‘Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest’
(“BCEAO”) hereinafter CFA BCEAO (“XOF”) of 600 to one US$; and Australian Dollar (“A$”) of
1.50 to one US$.
Table 19-9 presents a historical (2000 through 2019 annually; 2020 – 3 months to 31 March
2020) timeline of the key exchange rates relied upon for informing certain aspects of the current
LoMp. During the twelve-month period ended 31 December 2019 (Figure 19-3; Figure 19-4)
the individual exchange rates reviewed noted:
• For the Euro (“€”) an exchange rate which ranged from 1.09 to a maximum of 1.15 with an
average for the period of 1.12;
• For the Great British Pound (“GBP”) an exchange rate which ranged from 1.20 to a
maximum of 1.33 with an average for the period of 1.28;
• For the Canadian Dollar (“C$”) an exchange rate which ranges from 1.30 to a maximum of
1.36 with an average for the period of 1.33;
• For the CFA BEAC (“XOF”) an exchange rate which ranges from 565 to a maximum 604
with an average for the period of 582; and
• For the Australian Dollar (“A$”) an exchange rate which ranged from a low of 1.38 to a
maximum of 1.49 with an average for the period of 1.44.

Table 19-9: Historical exchange rates(1)

Year Annual Average End of Period
(€) (GBP) (C$) (XOF) (A$) (€) (GBP) (C$) (XOF) (A$)
2000 0.92 1.52 1.48 710 1.79 0.94 1.50 1.50 699 1.79
2001 0.90 1.44 1.55 731 1.96 0.89 1.45 1.59 735 1.96
2002 0.95 1.50 1.57 691 1.78 1.05 1.61 1.57 629 1.78
2003 1.13 1.64 1.40 579 1.33 1.26 1.79 1.30 520 1.33
2004 1.24 1.83 1.30 527 1.28 1.36 1.92 1.20 484 1.28
2005 1.24 1.82 1.21 527 1.36 1.18 1.72 1.16 554 1.36
2006 1.26 1.84 1.13 522 1.27 1.32 1.96 1.17 497 1.27
2007 1.37 2.00 1.07 478 1.14 1.46 1.98 1.00 449 1.14
2008 1.47 1.85 1.07 448 1.41 1.40 1.46 1.22 467 1.41
2009 1.39 1.57 1.14 471 1.11 1.43 1.62 1.05 457 1.11
2010 1.33 1.55 1.03 495 0.98 1.34 1.56 1.00 490 0.98
2011 1.39 1.60 0.99 471 0.98 1.29 1.55 1.02 507 0.98
2012 1.29 1.59 1.00 510 0.96 1.32 1.63 0.99 496 0.96
2013 1.33 1.56 1.03 494 1.12 1.37 1.66 1.06 476 1.12
2014 1.33 1.65 1.10 495 1.22 1.21 1.56 1.16 538 1.22
2015 1.11 1.53 1.28 591 1.37 1.09 1.47 1.38 603 1.37
2016 1.11 1.36 1.32 592 1.39 1.05 1.23 1.34 625 1.39
2017 1.13 1.29 1.30 583 1.28 1.20 1.35 1.26 561 1.28
2018 1.18 1.33 1.30 557 1.42 1.15 1.28 1.36 569 1.42
2019 1.12 1.28 1.33 582 1.42 1.12 1.33 1.30 582 1.42
(2)
2020 1.10 1.28 1.34 590 1.63 1.10 1.24 1.41 589 1.63
(1)
€: United States Dollars to one Euro; GBP: US$ to one GBP; C$: Canadian Dollar to one US$; XOF: CFA BEAC to one US$; A$: Australian Dollar to one
US$.
(2)
Historical data to 31 March 2020.

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Figure 19-3: Historical exchange rates (Australian Dollar, Canadian Dollar, CFA Franc
BCEAO, Euro and South African Rand)

Figure 19-4: Historical exchange rates (CFA Franc BCEAO and South African Rand)

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Consumer Price Inflation

Historical CPI statistics for the period 2000 through 31 December 2019 for the principal
corresponding country currencies are reflected in Table 19-10: Historical Consumer Price
Inflation and Figure 19-5 below:
• For the 12-month period ended 31 December 2019, the YoY CPI for Burkina Faso is
recorded as negative 2.56%;
• For the 12-month period ended 31 December 2019, the YoY CPI for the United States is
recorded as 1.18% which compares with a Reuters Poll median forecast of 1.60% for 2020;
• For the 12-month period ended 31 December 2019, the YoY CPI for Australia is recorded
as 1.57% which compares with a Reuters Poll median forecast of 1.90% for 2020;
• For the 12-month period ended 31 December 2019, the YoY CPI for Canada is recorded as
2.35% which compares with a Reuters Poll median forecast of 1.90% for 2020;
• For the 12-month period ended 31 December 2019, the YoY CPI for the Euro Zone is
recorded as 1.46% which compares with a Reuters Poll median forecast of 1.20% for 2020;
• For the 12-month period ended 31 December 2019, the YoY CPI for the United Kingdom is
recorded as 1.31% which compares with a Reuters Poll median forecast of 1.40% for 2020;
and
• For the 12-month period ended 31 December 2019, the YoY CPI for South Africa is recorded
as 4.03% which compares with a Reuters Poll median forecast of 4.20% for 2020.
For comparative proposes certain commodity prices are also presented in nominal terms and
are derived assuming a constant consumer price inflation (“CPINF”) of 2.00% per annum.

Table 19-10: Historical Consumer Price Inflation

Year YoY 12 month CPI Year Average CPI
BF US AU CA EZ GB ZA BF US AU CA EZ GB ZA
(%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
2000 2.36 3.39 5.80 3.20 3.47 1.23 6.99 2.36 3.39 5.80 3.20 3.47 1.23 6.99
2001 1.01 1.55 3.12 0.72 3.12 1.35 4.59 1.01 1.55 3.12 0.72 3.12 1.35 4.59
2002 3.93 2.38 3.03 3.80 2.58 1.73 13.51 3.93 2.38 3.03 3.80 2.58 1.73 13.51
2003 3.16 1.88 2.37 2.08 2.31 1.31 (1.63) 3.16 1.88 2.37 2.08 2.31 1.31 (1.63)
2004 0.68 3.26 2.59 2.13 2.96 1.68 2.20 0.68 3.26 2.59 2.13 2.96 1.68 2.20
2005 4.48 3.42 2.80 2.09 2.65 2.16 2.02 4.48 3.42 2.80 2.09 2.65 2.16 2.02
2006 1.54 2.54 3.25 1.67 2.68 2.86 4.82 1.54 2.54 3.25 1.67 2.68 2.86 4.82
2007 2.23 4.08 2.96 2.38 4.42 2.30 7.57 2.23 4.08 2.96 2.38 4.42 2.30 7.57
2008 11.62 0.09 3.69 1.16 3.06 3.08 9.31 11.62 0.09 3.69 1.16 3.06 3.08 9.31
2009 (0.30) 2.72 2.11 1.32 0.34 2.07 6.16 (0.30) 2.72 2.11 1.32 0.34 2.07 6.16
2010 (0.30) 1.50 2.68 2.35 2.63 3.15 3.34 (0.30) 1.50 2.68 2.35 2.63 3.15 3.34
2011 5.08 2.96 2.99 2.30 3.17 3.60 6.32 5.08 2.96 2.99 2.30 3.17 3.60 6.32
2012 1.61 1.74 2.20 0.83 2.10 2.42 5.81 1.61 1.74 2.20 0.83 2.10 2.42 5.81
2013 0.16 1.50 2.75 1.24 0.56 1.95 5.24 0.16 1.50 2.75 1.24 0.56 1.95 5.24
2014 (0.16) 0.76 1.72 1.47 (0.24) 0.71 5.34 (0.16) 0.76 1.72 1.47 (0.24) 0.71 5.34
2015 1.31 0.73 1.69 1.61 0.17 0.50 5.18 1.31 0.73 1.69 1.61 0.17 0.50 5.18
2016 (1.66) 2.07 1.48 1.50 1.04 1.79 7.07 (1.66) 2.07 1.48 1.50 1.04 1.79 7.07
2017 1.98 2.11 1.91 1.87 1.50 2.74 4.50 1.98 2.11 1.91 1.87 1.50 2.74 4.50
2018 0.34 1.91 1.78 1.99 1.65 2.00 4.40 0.34 1.91 1.78 1.99 1.65 2.00 4.40
2019 (2.56) 1.18 1.57 2.25 1.46 1.31 4.03 (2.56) 1.18 1.57 2.25 1.46 1.31 4.03

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Figure 19-5: Historical consumer price inflation and index (Burkina Faso, United
States, Australia, Canada, Euro Zone, South African and United Kingdom)

Consumable Commodity Input Costs

The principal consumable commodity consumed at the Ity Gold Mine is diesel which is
consumed at an annual rate of approximately 28Mlpa which for 2019 was delivered by an in-
country supplier at an unit rate of US$1.02/l and reported on a delivered basis and inclusive of
all necessary freight and taxes (VAT, export duties and fuel levies). The benchmark price
assumption typically incorporate into the derivation of diesel price is a combination of ICE Brent
Crude and Low Sulphur Gas Oil price. Analysis of CMF of both crude and gasoil prices Table
19-11 indicates a LTP (median) of US$57/bl for West Texas Intermediate, US$60/bl for Brent
and US$655/t (US$0.78/l) for European Gas Oil. Comparison on a per litre basis of Brent Crude
and European Gas Oil indicates a factor of approximately 2. Typically pricing determinations
are derived from consideration of: a Low Sulphur Gas Oil (“LSGO”) benchmarked by a
commodity market specialist advisor (S&P Global Platts Energy Company: “Platts”); and
determination of all related freight, wharf age, storage, local levies, VAT, excised duties and
fuel levies.
Based on the following unit conversion factors: 42 United States gallons per barrel; 3.785412
litres per United States Gallon; and a diesel specific gravity of 0.8350 a volume to mass
conversion factor of 7.53 is determined for conversion of prices per barrel to prices per tonne.
Based on public domain reporting the cost of refining diesel is approximately US$0.49/gallon
and crude oil refining of 1 barrel typically yields 20 gallons of gasoline/petroleum and 11 gallons
of distillate fuel oil where the latter represents a yield of approximately 26%. Accordingly, this
reflects a diesel refining cost of approximately US$5.40/barrel of crude oil. Assuming a LTP
US$60/bl, adding the refining cost then this translates to diesel cost of US$493/t or US$0.59/l.
The closing price for Brent crude oil as at 31 December 2019 was US$66/bl which results in a
diesel cost of US$538/t or US$0.64/l.
For the current LoMp the diesel price assumption was US$1.19 with the variance between and
the refine costs being attributed to freight, import duties, fuel levies, Value Added Tax (“VAT”)
and fuel levies as appropriate. By comparison the local diesel price in Burkina Faso as at 06
April 2020 was reported at US$0.54/l.

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Table 19-11: Consensus Market Forecast Crude Oil and Fuel pricing
Statistics Units 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 LTP
WTI
High (US$/bl) 63 68 63 62 61 61 61 61 61 61
Median (US$/bl) 43 54 51 53 55 57 57 57 57 57
Average (US$/bl) 45 52 51 54 54 55 55 55 55 55
Low (US$/bl) 26 33 41 41 38 44 44 44 44 44
STDEV (US$/bl) 9 10 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Analysts (No) 23 15 16 13 12 5 5 5 5 5
Brent
High (US$/bl) 67 71 67 67 64 65 65 65 65 65
Median (US$/bl) 47 55 54 57 57 60 60 60 60 60
Average (US$/bl) 48 56 55 57 58 59 59 59 59 59
Low (US$/bl) 28 38 42 46 43 49 49 49 49 49
STDEV (US$/bl) 10 9 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6
Analysts (No) 23 16 17 14 13 6 6 6 6 6
European Gas Oil
High (US$/t) 661 616 635 649 656 680 680 680 680 680
Median (US$/t) 530 485 625 645 650 655 655 655 655 655
Average (US$/t) 501 486 624 644 649 655 655 655 655 655
Low (US$/t) 286 356 614 639 642 629 629 629 629 629
STDEV (US$/t) 156 184 15 7 10 36 36 36 36 36
Analysts (No) 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
European Gas Oil
High (US$/l) 0.78 0.73 0.75 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80
Median (US$/l) 0.63 0.57 0.74 0.76 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78
Average (US$/l) 0.59 0.57 0.74 0.76 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77
Low (US$/l) 0.34 0.42 0.73 0.76 0.76 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74
STDEV (US$/l) 0.19 0.22 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
Analysts (No) 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
Conversion
Brent (US$/bl) 47 55 54 57 57 60 60 60 60 60
(US$/gallon) 1.12 1.31 1.29 1.36 1.36 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.43
(US$/l) 0.30 0.35 0.34 0.36 0.36 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38
Gas Oil (US$/l) 0.63 0.57 0.74 0.76 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78
Gas Oil/Brent (US$/l) 2.12 1.66 2.18 2.13 2.15 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.05

Other key consumable cost assumptions include those utilised in the processing plant
comprising activated carbon, lime, steel balls, caustic soda (Sodium Hydroxide), hydrogen
peroxide (60%), cyanide, hydrochloric acid (325) and copper sulphate. The unit costs are
defined per tonne and based on current contractual arrangements in place as at 31 December
2019 with adjustments for reductions/increases where deemed warranted.
Electricity costs assumptions reported on a USc/kWh basis reflect a blended rate of grid power
and site generated power which results in LoMp unit price assumption of USc[xx.x]/kWh.

Figure 19-6: Historical Gold Spot Market Prices (nominal and real 1 April 2020): daily;
three-year average daily

19.6 Material Contracts

The principal contracts in place at Ity Gold Mine are:

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The principal contracts in place at Ity Gold Mine are:

• The contract relating to regional exploration drilling services as supplied by Geodrill CI
SARL;
• The contract relating to regional exploration drilling services as supplied by Foremi;
• The contract relating to blast hole drilling services as supplied by SFTP Mining;
• The contract relating to grade control drilling as supplied by Foremi;
• The contract relating to assaying of geological and metallurgical samples as supplied by
Société Générale de Surveillance (“SGS”);
• The contract relating to the provision and repair of heavy mining equipment tyres by Kal Tire
Mining Services (“Kal Tire”);
• The contract relating to supply of diesel and lubricants from Total;
• The contract relating to supply of electrical power from Compagnie Ivoirienne d'Électricité
(“CIE”);
• The contract relating to in-hole blasting services as supplied by Société Anonyme
d’Explosifs et de Produits Chimiques (“EPC”); and
• The refining services for SMI and SMD as supplied by METALOR Technologies S.A dated
11 October 2017.
In addition to the above, Ity Gold Mine also has a number of other contracts relating to various
services including supply of operating and maintenance consumables, external laboratory
testing services, consultancy services, communication services, camp management services,
Gendarme Deployment services, legal services, accounting services and internet related
services.

19.7 Risks and Opportunities

The principal risks relating to market studies and contracts applicable to Ity Gold Mine are
directly related to:
• Variations in the commodity prices, specifically in respect of gold where the current
economic analysis assumes a long-term price assumption of US$1,300/oz which is
consistent with that assumed for derivation of the Mineral Reserves as reported herein; and
• The risk of variation in commodity input costs specifically with respect of the Ity Process
Plant consumables and diesel prices. It should also be noted that with the budgeting
processes assumes reductions in unit costs of the order of 5% for key consumables when
compared to prior reporting periods, based on new supply contracts.
The principal opportunities relating to market studies and contracts applicable to Ity Gold Mine
are directly related to:
• The potential for inclusion of by-product revenues from the recovery and sale of silver as
historically noted following completion of additional technical work to incorporate this into
the estimation process; and
• The opportunity to rationalise contractual services and supply agreements as part of the
annual strategic review process.

19.8 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations

Given the mature nature of the gold market there are no significant concerns pertaining to
ongoing demand and current pricing assumptions as included in the economic analysis given
the conservatively assumed LTP of US$1,300/oz when compared to current spot market prices.

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Furthermore, the contractual agreements in place for key services are well established and
subject to any political risk or current limitations relating to the global Covoid-19 crisis, there
does not appear to be any significant risks relating to continuation of these at present.
Notwithstanding the above it is recommended that further work be pursued to address the
following:
• The determination of silver in the underlying block models; and
• An assessment of the potential demobilisation costs/liabilities to be incurred on cessation of
services.

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20 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, PERMITTING AND SOCIAL OR

COMMUNITY IMPACT
20.1 Introduction
The following section includes discussion and comment on the environmental studies,
permitting and Social or community impact aspects relating to the Ity Gold Mine. Specifically,
the following items are addressed: environmental and social setting; legislation and permitting;
governance; key issues; closure plan and costs; risks and opportunities; and interpretation,
conclusions and recommendations.

20.2 Environmental and Social Setting

Ity Gold Mine is located near the western border of Ivory Coast, 700km northwest of Abidjan
and approximately 35km away from Liberia. Administratively, it is in the Montagnes District,
straddling the departments of Zouan-Hounien (Tonkpi Region) and Bloléquin (Cavally Region).
The “Ity Mine Complex” is in the Zouan-Hounien department and the Gbéitouo and Daapleu
deposits are in the Bloléquin department, across the Cavally River (Figure 20-1). The Le
Plaque Open Pit is in the Zouan-Hounien department, south of the Ity Mine Complex (not shown
in the figure).
The main mine site is accessible via paved road from Abidjan, passing through Yamoussoukro,
Daloa and Duekoue. The Gbéitouo Open Pit and Daapleu Open Pit are accessible via a haul
road including a bridge over the Cavally River, which was constructed in 2018. A haul road
linking the Le Plaque Open Pit and the main mine site will be constructed in 2020/ 2021.
The climate in the area of the mine is an equatorial transition climate, which is characterised by
abundant rainfall in the range of 1,500mm to 2,400mm annually. There is a dry season
extending from November to April (during which approximately 20% of the rainfall occurs),
followed by a wet season from May to October (where rainfall peaks in August/September). Ity
mine-site rainfall measurements from 1990 to 2014 give an annual average of 1,867mm and
an annual range of 1,202mm (1992) to 2,312mm (2007). The maximum monthly rainfall is
532mm (August) and the maximum daily rainfall is 140mm.
Terrain on and around Ity Gold Mine comprises gently undulating plains and hills. The Cavally
River flows between the main mine site and the Gbéitouo Open Pit and Daapleu Open Pit. The
river originates on in Guinea, north of Mount Nimba, and forms a number of administrative
borders. At Ity Gold Mine, the river forms the border between the Zouan-Hounien and Bloléquin
departments (and the Tonkpi and Cavally regions) and downstream of the mine it forms the
border between the Republic of Liberia (“Liberia”) and Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (“Côte
d'Ivoire”) downstream of the Ity Mine Complex.
The mine plan necessitates four diversions of the Cavally River. One diversion is complete
(2019), it enables access to and mining of the Daapleu Open Pit. The second diversion required
for extension of the Walter Open Pit will be completed in May 2020. The third diversion required
to develop the Bakatouo pit will be completed in 2021. The locations of these diversions are
shown in Figure 20-2. The fourth diversion is required for the Colline Sud Open Pit, for which
detailed designs are not complete.
Water quality in the mine area is not fit for human consumption without treatment. Elevated
arsenic levels have been recorded in sediments and surface water and elevated mercury levels
have been recorded in the flesh of fish. The arsenic can be attributed to geology and the
mercury to artisanal mining. In addition, high levels of coliforms are detected in surface water
and groundwater from wells due to a widespread lack of sanitation.
The natural vegetation in area of the mine is moist evergreen forest, with some tall canopy trees

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(30m to 60m tall). It has been significantly transformed by land clearing for agriculture

Figure 20-1: Ity Gold Mine: current infrastructure

Figure 20-2: Locations of three of the four river diversions (illustrated in a recent 2020
Knight Piésold report on design of river diversions)

The locations of settlements around the mine are shown in Figure 23-1. There are eight
relatively large settlements in the Zouan-Hounien department around Ity mine. These are the
villages of Biétouo, Floleu, Ity, Kouépleu, Krozialéu Méantouo, Ouyatouo and Trogleu. Most of

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these were established over a hundred years ago. Ity village is new, it was established in 2007
and hosts the people who were relocated from the mine site. It is now officially linked to
Ouyatouo village. The population in the eight villages was about almost 16,000 in 2014 and
had grown at a rate of 5% each year over 16 years. This is attributed to an influx associated
with mining and in-migration from neighbouring countries. The population is cosmopolitan, it
includes people of many different countries (including Liberia, Republic of Guinea -“Guinea”,
Republic of Mali – “Mali” and the Republic of Burkina Faso – “Burkina Faso”). Despite this,
the villages have distinct customs and traditional values that they observe.
The villages near the Gbéitouo and Daapleu deposits are Daapleu village, which includes
several hamlets, and Kouizonpleu village. Hamlets that have been resettled are shown in
Figure 20-3. The resettlement site is next to Kouizonpleu village. In 2018, the Daapleu and
Kouizonpleu populations were estimated to be to be 400 and 100, respectively, with over half
of the people being under 15 years old and over two thirds being illiterate.
Livelihoods in the villages around the mine are based on agriculture, artisanal mining, trading,
fishing and employment at the Ity Gold Mine, which commenced operations in 1991. Wood and
rubber processing factories are also sources of employment.
Most of the agriculture involves farming of cash crops (coffee, cacao rubber, kola nut and palm
oil), food crops (rice, corn, cassava, yam and plantain) and vegetable crops (eggplant, pepper,
okra, lettuce, beans). Tropical fruits are also grown such as papaya and mango. Resources
collected from the wild include small animals (including insects and snails), medicinal plants,
mushrooms, wild fruit, herbs and spices and wood for building and fires. Some households
undertake fish farming and many households have a few livestock (sheep, poultry and pigs).
Livestock farming is limited by the humid climate, proliferation of parasites and lack of pasture.
Artisanal mining does supplement household income. Most households engage in
consultations for the Ity Carbon in Leach Project (“Ity CIL Project”) and the Daapleu and
Gbéitouo developments reported that at least one member of the household was engaged in
artisanal mining. Artisanal mining in the area of Ity mine dates to at least 1930. Some of the
mining has become more organised, into co-operatives and collectives, and extends to small-
scale semi-mechanised operations.
Houses in the villages around Ity Mine Complex (Zouan-Hounien department villages) are built
with a variety of materials such as brick, wood, tarpaulins, corrugated iron, clay and thatch.
Most houses across the Cavally River, in the Bloléquin department, are made with traditional
materials with clay walls and earth floors.
The Zouan-Hounien department villages have benefited from Ity mine community development
projects over the years. The villages do have electricity, schools and a health centre in
Ouyatouo. The health care infrastructure and services are however still limited. There are a
couple of ambulances to take people to hospital further afield. Waste and sanitation
infrastructure and services are somewhat lacking.
The Bloléquin-department settlements rely on wood for cooking and use kerosene, solar lamps
and flashlights for lighting. Health centres and schools are lacking. Some people do cross the
Cavally River, by canoe, to go to health centres in the Zouan-Hounien department, but most do
not. Malaria, acute respiratory infection and diarrhoeal disease are the dominant illnesses
recorded in the area.
Improved access to potable water is seen to be a development need. Households use
groundwater (shared boreholes and wells) and surface water (from streams and ponds). The
water is sometimes treated with chemicals or filtered.

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Many houses do not have latrines and wastes are disposed of in the bushes or burned. Weak
local governance is a hindrance to socio-economic development initiatives. Growing insecurity
(increased crime – banditry and non-compliance with rules).

Figure 20-3: Settlements around the Ity Gold Mine

20.3 Legislation and Permitting

20.3.1 Mining Legislation
Mineral rights are granted in Côte d'Ivoire in the form of exploration and exploitation permits
and authorisations for prospecting, semi-industrial and non-industrial (artisanal) mining, and
quarrying. They are granted under the 2014 Mining Code (Law No. 2014-138 of 24 March
2014).
Exploitation permits are granted by the Council of Ministers after consultation with the Minister
of Mines and the Mines Administration. An exploitation permit is valid for the life of the mine as
defined in the feasibility study, with a maximum duration of 20 years. It is renewable for
consecutive periods of a maximum of 10 years until the relevant deposits are exhausted.
An exploitation permit is coupled with a convention. This is an agreement between the State
and the permit holder. It must be reached within 60 days of issue of the permit, is valid for 12
years, which is not necessarily for the same period as the exploitation permit and is renewable
for successive periods of a maximum of 10 years. It usually includes terms applying to
stabilisation of mining taxes and customs and can also include other rights and obligations.
The 2014 Mining Code transposes provisions in regional initiatives that promote sustainable
mining. These initiatives include the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
Directive No. C/DIR3/05/09 dated 27 May 2009 that aims to harmonise guiding principles and
policies in the mining sector and the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)
mining code regulation (Regulation 18/2003/CM/WAEMU dated 23 December 2003). The
WAEMU mining code is currently under review, reportedly the review focuses on human rights,
health and safety, environmental management, enhancement of social impacts, and
mechanisms for allowing the national private companies to acquire participating interests in
mining companies.

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The following legislation is also relevant:

• Decree 2014-397, on implementing the Mining Code;
• Decree 2014-632, which relates to fixed fees;
• Ordinance 2014-148, which relates to fees, royalties and mining taxes; and
• Ministerial Decree 002/MIM/CAB of January 11, 2016 which relates to the grant and the
renewal procedures of mining titles.
An application for an exploitation permit must include, amongst other documents, a feasibility
study which includes, without being limited to (Article 28 of 2014 Mining Code):
• Definition of reserves, plans for processing and exploitation;
• A mine construction programme that specifies the work, equipment, facilities and supplies
required, capital expenditure and operating expenditure estimates and financial projections
for the exploitation period;
• An environmental and social impact assessment (“ESIA”) and an environmental and social
management plan (“ESMP”), including a closure plan (Articles 141, 142 and 144 of 2014
Mining Code);
• A community development plan;
• Any other relevant information to the feasibility and financing of the project.
The ESIA and ESMP must be approved by both the Mining Administration and the
Environmental Administration. The holder of the exploitation permit is obliged to implement the
approved ESMP (Article 142 of 2014 Mining Code).
Under the Mining Code, holders of exploitation licences must make financial contributions to:
• A fund dedicated to the implementation of socio-economic development projects for local
communities (Article 124);
• A fund dedicated to training of both officials of the Mining Administration and Ivorian
geologists and mining engineers (Article 135); and
• An account for rehabilitation and closure costs, which must be held with an Ivorian financial
institution (Article 144).
The above financial provisions are recorded as costs when determining the tax base for
business profits. The community development plan must be developed in consultation with
local communities and local administrative authorities (Article 124). The plan must have precise
goals and an investment plan. Financial provisions made by the mine for community
development are used under the direction of a Local Development Committee set up by the
government, specifically the Mining Administration.
The State is entitled to 10% free participation in the share capital of each exploitation company.
Additional State participation is limited to 15% and may be negotiated at market conditions.
The State encourages holders of mining titles to favour the participation of Ivory Coast nationals
in the capital of mining companies (Article 8). The Mining Code promotes preferential local
employment and procurement (Articles 131 and 134). To achieve this, the holder of the
exploitation permit is required to undertake training of Ivorian employees and small and medium
enterprises (Articles 132 and 134). Both holders of mineral rights and their suppliers (service
providers and subcontractors) must preferentially employ Côte d'Ivoire nationals.
The Mining Code requires respect for good governance principles (Articles 117 to 120) and
human rights (Articles 121 to 123). In the case of good governance principles, it specifically
refers to the Equator Principles and the principles and requirements of the Extractive Industries

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Transparency Initiative (“EITI”). The reference to the Equator Principles suggests a

requirement to comply with the International Finance Corporation (“IFC”) Performance
Standards.
Côte d'Ivoire also joined the EITI in 2006 and has created an agency with a similar agenda at
national level. In May 2013, it was declared compliant with the 2011 EITI Rules and in May
2018 it was declared to have made ‘meaningful progress’ towards implementing the 2016 EITI
Standard. Both holders of mining titles and the State are required to report on payments made
to the State/ received by the State to EITI national bodies.
Lawful occupiers of land have a right to fair compensation prior to land disturbance by mining
(Articles 127 and 128). Decree 2014-397 sets the terms of land-related compensation (Articles
133 and 134). Article 133 states that further terms will be covered in a joint order of the Minister
of Mines, the Minister of Agriculture and the Minister of Lands.
Health and safety rules must be developed before starting exploration or exploitation
operations, by the holder of the mining title. The safety of mine personnel and goods must be
ensured by taking several measures, the details of which are provided by the decree
implementing the Code. Any accidents occurring during mining activities must be reported in
writing to the Minister of Mines and appropriate measures must be taken to avoid future
accidents of the same kind (Articles 137 to 139).

20.3.2 Mining Permits and Agreements

Mining at Ity Gold Mine is undertaken on two concessions that correspond with the following
exploitation permits:
• PE 26, which is also referred to as the “Ity Exploitation Permit” and is held by Société des
Mines d’Ity (“SMI”); and
• PE 49, which is also referred to as the “Daapleu and Gbéitouo Exploitation Permit” and
is held by Société des Mines de Daapleu (“SMD”).
An application for a third exploitation permit has been made for mining of the Le Plaque deposit,
which is in the area of the PR 558 exploration permit (Floleu exploration permit). The
exploration permit is held by EMC through La Mancha Cote d'Ivoire SARL (“LMCI”), a wholly
owned exploration subsidiary of EMC. The exploitation permit application was made on
February 2020. The exploitation entity will be called “Société des Mines de Floleu” (“SMF”).
As SMF is not incorporated yet, the exploitation permit will be attributed to LMCI first and then
transferred to SMF. It is expected that the exploitation permit will be granted by mid-2020, but
COVID19 constraints might delay the process.
The PE 26 permit was initially granted on 14 October 1989 as Decision No 197/Mines/DM and
was valid for four years. It was renewed 1993, 1997, 2005, 2007 and 2013. The licence has
been renewed consecutively, the current valid exploitation licence is 8-002/MIM/DGMG granted
on 28 August 2014 and it is valid until 14 November 2023.
The PE 49 permit was initially issued to LMCI and then transferred to SMD on 10 September
2018 in Decision Notice 0126/MMG/DGMG. It expires on 11 April 2032.
The mining convention that corresponds with PE 26 was signed on 19 December 2014 by SMI
and State representatives (Ministers for Mining, Budget and Finance) and is effective from 1
January 2014 for 12 years.
The mining convention that corresponds with PE 49 was signed on 18 November 2019 by SMD
and the Côte d'Ivoire Ministers for Mining, Budget and Finance. It is effective from 1 January
2019 for 12 years.

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A mining convention will also need to be agreed by SMF and the Côte d'Ivoire Government for
the Le Plaque/ Floleu exploitation permit. It is expected that the convention will be similar to
that signed by SMD.
The mining conventions signed by SMI and SMD include numerous terms relating to
environmental and social management. Most of these terms correspond with provisions in the
2014 Mining Code. The conventions require the operating companies to:
• Observe good governance principles, including the Equator Principles and EITI principles
and requirements;
• Submit EITI reports to government;
• Preferentially procure services from Ivorian firms;
• Develop and implement a training plan for Ivorian small and medium enterprises;
• Preferentially employ Ivorians – at least 80% (SMI) / 90% (SMD) of the workforce must be
Ivorian (if the skills are available in country);
• Provide professional training to locally recruited personnel, based on a training programme
and a budget for training;
• Contribute CFA25m annually to a fund dedicated to the training of engineers, geologists and
other specialists necessary for the growth of the mining sector in Côte d'Ivoire;
• Allow inspections by authorized government representatives to proceed;
• Allow public use of road created for the operation that are outside of the exploitation permit
area;
• Repair any roads that deteriorate as a result of operations;
• Establish a plan for community development in consultation with local communities;
• Contribute to a community development fund annually, the contributions should be based
on 0.5% of the turnover from the previous year;
• Comply with legislation protecting the environment and cultural heritage;
• Execute the rehabilitation and closure programme approved by the state;
• Make financial provision for closure through an escrow account with an Ivorian financial
institution and a bank guarantee, provisions must be increased on an annual basis in
amounts proportional to the closure cost and life of mine as specified in the convention;
• Obtain approval from the Minister of Mines to fund rehabilitation activities from the account,
the activities and expenditure must be documented;
• Ensure financial provision in the escrow account is available to the State to undertake the
rehabilitation if the operator fails to do so;
• Comply with health and safety legislation; and
• Display posters summarizing key health and safety legislation in conspicuous locations in
the workplace.

20.3.3 Environmental Legislation

Environmental protection is enshrined in the Constitution (2016), the Environment Code (Law
No. 96-766 of October 3, 1996) and Law No. 2014-390 of 20 June 2014 on Guidance for
Sustainable Development. Environmental matters are administered by the Ministry of
Environment and Sustainable Development, the affiliated National Environmental Agency
(“ANDE”), and the Ministry of Water and Forests. ANDE is responsible for the review and
approval of environmental impact assessment (“EIA”) reports and monitoring of the

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environmental performance of operations. (While the term “EIA” is used in Ivorian

environmental legislation, “ESIA” is used in the mining legislation.)
Environmental legislation pertinent to mines is presented in Table 1 1. In addition to these
national laws, Côte-d'Ivoire has signed and ratified around forty international treaties/
agreements on the environment, affecting the direction and content of national policy.
The Environment Code requires that all projects defined by Decree No. 96-894 are subject to
an EIA prior to authorisation and specifies the minimum requirements for an EIA. The EIA
decree (Decree No. 96-894 of November 8, 1996) further defines the requirements and
procedures for an EIA process. The procedure to obtain an EIA authorisation is outlined below.
The decree makes use of national expertise to conduct the EIA compulsory; at least two-thirds
of the EIA team must comprise national experts/consultants. Once an EIA is approved, ANDE
will conduct monitoring of the project.
The EIA must include a financial estimate of the measures recommended to prevent, reduce or
compensate for the negative effects of the project on the environment and regular monitoring
and control measures of relevant environmental indicators (Article 41 of Environment Code).

Table 20-1: Côte d'Ivoire environmental legislation

Primary license Legislative framework Institutional framework
Law No. 96-766 of October 3, 1996 on the Environmental Code.
Decree No. 96-894 of November 8, 1996 on the EIA procedure.
Order No. 972 of 14 November 2007 relating to Decree No. 96-894. MINEDD
Environmental Decree No. 98-43 of January 28, 1998 on the classified installations for environmental ANDE
assessments
protection. Ivorian Centre for Antipollution (“CIAPOL”)
Decree No. 2005-03 of 6 January 2005 on environmental audits.
Order No 973 of 14 November 2007 on application of Decree n2005 -03.
Water Law No. 98-755 of December 23, 1998 on the Water Code. Ministry of Water and Forests
Ministry of Territorial Administration and
Land Law No. 98-750 of December 23, 1998 on the Land Code.
Decentralisation
Law No. 65-255 of August 4, 1965 on the protection of wildlife and hunting, amended
Biodiversity by the Law No. 94-442 of August 16, 1994. MINEDD
Law No. 64-490 of December 21, 1964 on the protection of flora.
Forestry Law No. 2019-675 of 23 July 2019 on the Forestry Code. Ministry of Water and Forests

Environmental monitoring by ANDE is undertaken through environmental audits. In accordance

with Decree n° 2005-03 of 6 January 2005, audits are required every three years and must be
undertaken by approved external auditors.
Installations are required to pay a fee to cover the technical review of the EIA and environmental
monitoring. According to Order 972 of 14 November 2007, the cost is CFA30m per year (in the
case of mining operations).
Some mining projects may also be categorised as classified installations as defined by Decree
No 98-43 of 28 January 1998 and must obtain an Environmental Compliance Order from
MINEDD before starting any exploiting activity.
According to the Law No. 98-755 of December 23, 1998 on the Water Code, following the
environmental authorisation, the proponent is able to apply for water use authorisation from the
Ministry of Water and Forests. The Code also requires any discharge of wastewater into the
receiving environment to comply with the standards in force.

20.3.4 Environmental and Social Approvals and Agreements

Environmental authorisations are in place for mining operations on the PE 26 and PE 49
exploitation permit areas. The original environmental certificate (not yet seen) was issued in
2001 with no requirement to undertake an EIA. Environmental approval certificates have been
obtained for:
• New developments at Ity mine, including the CIL plant and TSF (December 2013);
• Development of the Daapleu and Gbéitouo pits (June 2016); and

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• Diversion of the Cavally River around mine workings and construction of a bridge over the
river (July 2016).
Conditions within authorisations include that ANDE:
• May inspect the facility at any time;
• May raise an injunction against the business to remediate any environmental damage and,
if necessary, suspend operations or permanently remove the approval if compliance is not
restored;
• Require that any change to design not included in the ESIA assessment authorised be
communicated to ANDE prior to its implementation;
• Require that the project be implemented within three years of the authorisation;
• Require that the business submit to an environmental audit within three years of the
authorisation; and
• Will consider the business liable for any damage caused to the environment and is subject
to a fine and all remedial measures.
The above-mentioned approvals were based on three corresponding ESIA reports. A
subsequent ESIA report that collates information from these three reports was produced in
2016 by SNC Lavalin (Canada). This was not submitted to regulatory authorities for review, so
the ESMP in this report is not legally binding.
Changes made to the project design given in the ESIA reports have been acknowledged by
ANDE. These include changes to the location of TSF and process plant and development of
the Bakatouo and Colline Sud pits.
An ESIA has been undertaken for the Cavally River diversions for the Walter, Bakatouo and
Colline Sud pits, the new camp and the new access road. The ESIA report has been approved
by ANDE and the environmental approval is awaiting the signature of the Minister of
Environment.
Applications for the Cavally River diversions were made to the Ministry of Water and Forests.
Approval for the Daapleu diversion has been granted. Approvals for the Walter, Bakatouo and
Colline Sud diversions are expected in April 2020.
An ESIA has been completed for the Le Plaque mining operation. Public enquiries were held
as part of the ESIA report review process. Feedback on the ESIA report has been obtained
from ANDE. Minor refinements are being made to the ESIA report in response to ANDE
comments received in January 2020. ANDE did suggest that the exploitation permit area
should be modified so that it does not extend into the flood line of the Cavally River. The
Ministry of Mines and Geology advised ANDE in February 2020 that permit boundaries do not
need to be changed, instead conditions of approval can be used to address any concerns
relating to the river.

20.4 Governance
Sustainability Reporting
Endeavour produces an annual sustainability report that summarises Environmental, Social
and Governance (“ESG”) performance, observing Global Reporting Initiative (“GRI”) standards.

Management Systems
The Ity mining complex has management systems to support its ESG performance. These
include an environmental management system (“EMS”) and a health and safety management
system (“HSMS”). Both are being aligned with the ISO standards, respectively the ISO

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14001:2015 and ISO 45001:2018 standards. Reviews of conformance with these standards
show a need for more attention to be focused on:
• Definition of the scope and context of the systems;
• Alignment with other business processes;
• Risk and hazard assessment;
• Tracking of conformance with all compliance obligations (in legislation, permits, approved
plans and commitments made to stakeholders);
• Emergency drills;
• Internal and external audits; and
• Management reviews.

Environmental Monitoring
The historical water monitoring data for the mine is scant, but water quality is now monitored
on a regular basis. The data is not presented in a format that illustrates trends.
Water monitoring results do not indicate that operations are impacting on water quality in the
Cavally River and groundwater quality. However, it is noted that cyanide levels on the TSF are
high (these exceed the 50mg/l WAD cyanide limit specified in the International Cyanide
Management Code). Water from dewatering of the Walter pit has also been found to contain
elevated levels of cyanide (0.2mg/l to 0.3mg/l of WAD cyanide) and is unfit for discharge to the
environment.

Carbon Emissions
The Ity Gold Mine greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions (expressed as tCO2e) in 2019 were
estimated to comprise 51,111 tons of Scope 1 emissions and 571 tons of Scope 2 emissions.
Ity Gold Mine intends to observe related Endeavour group commitments. These are to work
towards maximizing the efficiency of its energy use, reducing its overall emissions, decreasing
emissions intensity and saving significant operating costs. In addition, Endeavour has
committed to take part in the climate change global disclosure system run by the CDP (formerly
Carbon Disclosure Project).

TSF Audits
The TSF, which was commissioned in February 2019, was audited in Knight Piésold in August
2019. At the time it was classed as being in start-up phase, moving towards normal operations.
The audit was carried out in accordance with the Department of Mining and Petroleum (Western
Australia) guidelines (DMP, May 1999) and cross-referenced to the relevant mining permit
conditions and the ANCOLD Guidelines (2012). The audit found that the TSF was being
operated in accordance with the design intent but wet-season water-reclaim needed to be
increased/ maximised, deposition locations needed to be rotated more frequently and
flowmeters needed to be installed in underdrain sumps. It was recommended that planning
ensures the Stage 2 raise is completed before the 2020 wet season and that groundwater level
monitoring and embankment movement monitoring commenced.
The audit found that the cyanide levels on the TSF exceeded the International Cyanide
Management Code limit for the TSF (WAD cyanide concentration of 50ppm). This was
attributed to problematical ores (high copper).

Cyanide Management
Endeavour has made a policy commitment to compliance with the International Cyanide
Management Code but is not a signatory to the Code. Ity Gold Mine’s compliance with the

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Code was audited by Afritech in 2019. The audit was undertaken at a time of change from
heap leach to CIL operations. It identified improvements that need to be made to storage and
handling, operations, decommissioning, worker safety, emergency response, training and
dialogue. In particular, the audit identified need for an updated risk assessment across the
whole site, review of facilities and equipment used for reagent strength cyanide handling, review
of the stability of the heap leach and revision of the decommissioning plan.

Stakeholder Engagement
Stakeholder engagement at Ity mine has improved. It was not adequate in the past and this
undermined relationships with local communities (20.3.2). Since 2013 there have been
engagements with local communities as part of ESIA processes and, more recently, as part of
community development planning.
In 2018, the Ity stakeholder engagement plan was updated and a formal grievance mechanism
was established. Care has been taken to ensure that the engagement extends to vulnerable
groups in local communities.

Health and Safety

Health and safety are managed with top-level management commitment in an ISO 45001:2018
management system framework. In 2019, Endeavour recorded a Lost Time Injury Frequency
Rate (“LTIFR”) of 0.14 on its operating sites and 0.10 across the group per million man-hours
worked. This can be compared to 0.16 and 0.18 in 2018. The LTIFR recorded for Ity mine was
0.45 per million man-hours worked in 2019. This can be compared to 0.0 in 2018, 0.69 in 2017
and 4.49 in 2016.
Safety at Ity Gold Mine is promoted through both training and participatory management.
Workers are trained in risk analysis and provided with pocket notebooks for reporting risks.
Corrective measures must be implemented before proceeding with work. Mining machinery
operators are trained in simulators. Every million hours of work without an LTI is rewarded to
encourage and further increase awareness.
Reducing malaria in neighbouring communities is one of Endeavour’s key health goals, with a
target of 10% reduction in malarial incidence rates across the group year-on-year. In 2018,
there were 3,100 malaria cases across the group and 859 cases at the Ity operations.
Endeavour’s malaria prevention programmes include fogging in camps, working areas and
villages, reduction of stagnant water, distribution of impregnated mosquito nets, communication
programmes for malaria prevention (toolbox talk, video and awareness sessions).
The Ity Gold Mine clinic is staffed with a paramedical team who can treat or refer and deal with
emergency situations. Each employee is covered by a health insurance policy, which gives
access to off-site medical facilities (clinic, hospital, pharmacy).

COVOID-19
Endeavour’s response to COVID-19 is managed by a designated team, supported by a well-
regarded epidemiologist, acting as special advisor to Endeavour, and an 11-person medical
team from a leading US NGO who have been deployed at each mine and in Abidjan and
Ouagadougou. Endeavour has implemented a range of measures to safeguard its workforce
and to prevent the spread of the virus including:
• regular communications on best practice hygiene and health recommendations;
• temperature screening;
• strictly monitoring access to site;
• implemented social distancing measures;

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• providing additional resources such as hand sanitiser and cleaning equipment;

• intensified cleaning at offices and sites;
• working from home for all our office staff;
• restrictions on non-essential visits to site;
• suspension of all non-essential business travel;
• mandatory 14-day quarantine for all travellers arriving in West Africa;
• working closely with local and national health authorities in our operating countries;
• sensitizing our local communities about the measures taken by the both the Ivorian,
Burkinabé and Malian governments to combat COVID-19;
• supporting the local community health centres around our mines by providing them with
protective equipment, including hand sanitizer, hydro-alcoholic gel, gloves, masks, laser
thermometers, etc; and
• supporting the government's COVID-19 campaign by broadcasting awareness information
in local languages on our local radio stations.

Local Procurement and Employment

Local procurement and employment are prioritised by the Endeavour group. Endeavour has a
procurement policy that promotes giving of priority to local suppliers of goods and services,
provided they are competitive (cost, delivery and quality). Relevant goods and services include
cement, chemicals, construction, electrical, energy, engineering, equipment and parts,
exploration drilling, explosives, fuel, mining contractors and transportation. A database has
been established to monitor local procurement. Details on local suppliers are kept with
information on ownership according to International Finance Corporation (“IFC”) categories.
In 2018, the percentage of Ity Gold Mine’s procurement budget for the heap leach operation
spent on Ivorian suppliers was 74.1%. In the same year, the percentage of Ity Gold Mine’s
procurement budget for the Ity CIL Project spent on Ivorian suppliers was 43%. Effort is being
made to build the capacity of Ivorian suppliers through awareness and training workshops and
consultations.
At Ity, 93% of the workforce is Ivorian. Endeavour commits to recruiting over 90 % of its
workforce nationally. Expatriates have two-year contracts and are obliged to identify and train
national employees who will replace them in their roles. In 2018, 95 % of the workforce on
Endeavour operating mine sites were nationals. If construction projects and exploration are
included, this figure was 93 % in 2018. Senior management (general managers and heads of
department) comprise 35 % of national employees, with an additional 4 % from other parts of
West Africa.
Endeavour is also working on youth development and employment within the company and
broader community and empowering women to apply for job opportunities in fields not
traditionally seen as female occupations. In 2018, there was a 1% increase in the number of
women in both management positions and in the group workforce.
The right to freedom of association and collective bargaining is supported and regular meetings
are held with unions and staff representatives. Collective agreements are being renegotiated
and amended at Ity. Partial agreements were reached in 2019 on financial elements (salaries
and bonuses) and are valid for 3 years.

Promotion of Community Development

Community investment activities undertaken from 1998 – 2013 focused on education, health

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and electrification of neighbouring villages. The budget for these activities was CFA570m.
A required by the 2014 Mining Code, SMI has developed a community development plan in
consultation with local communities and administrative authorities. This is referred to as the
Local Development Plan (“PDL”) and it is specifically for the communities around Ity mine (in
the Zouan-Hounien department). The estimate for implementation of the 2016 to 2019 plan was
CFA 4.7 billion. The implementation of the plan is funded by a community development fund.
SMI has been paying into the fund since 2014. SMI’s payments into the fund are based on
0.5% of the total revenues of mining activities, excluding transportation and refinery costs.
additional funds are provided by the Zouan-Hounien department, the Tonkpi region and the
national government.
The PDL focuses on development of infrastructure and basic equipment; basic social services;
promotion of employment; development of the local economy; and development of human
capital. The implementation of the plan is the responsibility of a Local Development Committee
that has been set up by the government.
SMI has made further investments in community developments, beyond the legally required
contributions. In the period 2018 to 2019, over XOF200m was invested in literacy projects,
capacity building of health facilities and income-generating activities.
In addition to making contributions to the local development as described above, Endeavour
launched ECODEV in 2018. This is a dedicated economic development fund that aims to
support regional economic growth by promoting establishment of businesses that can provide
long-term employment and self-sustaining wealth creation within West Africa. Endeavour
intends to work with partners to enhance the success of the initiative.

Closure Review
Endeavour has drafted a new group standard for closure. Closure plans and cost estimates
for Ity mine and the Gbéitouo and Daapleu satellite mines will be prepared to align with this new
standard in 2020.

20.5 Environmental and Social Issues

Compliance Obligations Register
Compliance obligations registers need to be developed for the mine sites. There are number
of commitments in the four ESIA reports and the corresponding ESMPs that need to go into the
register. The 2016 ESIA report consolidates information from preceding ESIA reports but was
never used for permitting. The ESMPs in the latter reports have been reviewed by government
and need to be recognised as being legally binding.

Historical Issues
Endeavour’s efforts to build constructive relationships with the local communities have had to
take account of historical conflicts between Ity Gold Mine and communities. A review of these
was undertaken for the mine’s stakeholder engagement plan update in 2017 and 2018.
Ongoing stakeholder engagement and community development initiatives aim to avoid such
situations in future.
The mine became operational in 1991. It was originally fully state-owned and had many
changes in ownership. Management of social impacts and engagement with local communities
was not well documented in the first two decades of operation. Records of resettlement people
to make way for mining were also lacking.
Weaknesses in early community engagement, coupled with false expectations about the extent
of social benefits arising the operation, lead to conflict that manifested in the form of mine-site

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blockades in 2009, 2014 and 2018. Tensions were exacerbated by political instability in Ivory
Coast between 1999 and 2012. During this period rebel forces encroached on the mine site
forcing evacuation of personnel and stealing equipment and gold. This occurred in 2002 and
then again in 2011 and led mine closure in 2003 and 2011.
Engagements with local communities revealed grievances about local procurement and
employment, exclusion of artisanal miners from permit areas, insufficient constructive
engagement and commitments made not being observed.
There were also strikes at the mine in 2015 and 2016. The main grievances of the staff were
related to salary increases, regularization of professional categories standards, actualization of
promotions, overtime payment suppression and approaches to engagement of staff.

Resettlement
Ity village was moved from the Ity Mine Complex to a location next to the existing Ouyatouo
village in 2007. This affected 28 households and the resettlement included construction of
concrete buildings and lavatory facilities with steel roofs, drilling of boreholes to provide potable
water, recreation areas and electrification of the village. Arable land was acquired for each
household to support livelihood restoration. The resettlement cost about CFA700m.
The Ity village resettlement was planned with engagement of affected parties and administrative
and traditional authorities, but there have been complaints that the engagements relied too
heavily on the authorities as representatives of the affected parties. There have also been
complaints of incorrect payments and insufficient land for farming. SMI has recognised the
need to resolve the issues. It was agreed that the chief of Ity village will find land for the
extension of the village and SMI will acquire this land. The land acquisitions process is
underway.
Surveys of the area affected by the mining of the Daapleu and Gbéitouo deposits were
undertaken in 2014 – 2015. These identified potentially affected households in Daapleu village
and several hamlets associated with Daapleu village (Boumeupleu, Djabampleu, Gbéitouo,
Gueupleu, Keupeupleu and Sékoupleu). A resettlement action plan (“RAP”) was completed in
October 2015 and the affected households (about 1,000 people) were relocated to a new
resettlement village constructed near Kouizonpleu in 2018.
The new village has a community centre, a school, and housing units for teachers. In addition,
water wells and solar streetlights were installed in the new and host villages. A market-place
was also established for these villages.
A resettlement committee was constituted to input to the development of the RAP and monitor
its implementation. The committee includes representatives of the people affected by the
project, representatives of the host communities, as well as the regional construction
department (Bloléquin) and the regional public administration (prefect and sub-prefect of
Bloléquin).
Displacement from the Colline Sud site will be limited to economic displacement; no households
will be physically displaced. Surveys indicate that 74 people will need to be compensated for
losses at the Colline Sud site.
A RAP still has to be prepared for mining of the Le Plaque deposit. Surveys at the Le Plaque
site have been halted by COVID 19 constraints. The number of parties that will be displaced is
yet to be defined.

Artisanal Miners
There are numerous artisanal and small-scale mining sites on the exploration concessions and

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there is some encroachment on the exploitation permit areas. Ity Gold Mine security and
community relations teams record and monitor these and assess risks to operations, health and
safety and the environment using Endeavour’s inventory and risk analysis tool. Ity Gold Mine
works closely with national and local authorities to manage identified risks.
Many of the artisanal miners live in the communities local to mine sites and are engaged through
ongoing stakeholder engagement activities. They are also encouraged to participate in
Company education and training activities to convert their skills to access different types of
employment.
Large numbers of artisanal miners (up to 2,000) invaded the pits between 2012 and 2016. Such
incursions have been since been prevented by the measures described above and advocacy
and awareness-raising carried out by both administrative authorities and Ity mine.
The operational site security teams are supported by private security contractors and national
security forces (police, gendarme and military) under memorandums of understanding signed
with the national authorities. Training on human rights policy and procedure is undertaken to
ensure that security personnel’s conduct towards third parties is appropriate. The number of
security staff trained is recorded. The training is being extended to police and gendarmes in
2020.

Water and Biodiversity Impacts

The limited available water monitoring data presents no evidence of pollution of surrounding
water resources. It is however noted that:
• The levels of cyanide on the TSF are high;
• Acid rock drainage and metal leaching (“ARDML”) is considered unlikely due to the high
levels of carbonate present in the host rock, but geochemistry test work to ascertain this has
not been undertaken;
• The proposed Cavally River diversions could impact on downstream water quality in the
construction phase.
The 2016 ESIA report identifies part of the catchment of the Cavally River as Critical Habitat,
in terms of IFC Performance Standard 7 criteria, for a globally endangered species (one fish
species - Chrysischthys teugelsi) and for four restricted range fish species. The report states
that the new developments at the Ity site, including the Cavally River, could impact on this
habitat. Potential impacts are not defined, but the report recommends that a Biodiversity Action
Plan is developed to ensure that impacts are mitigated and to achieve net gains of biodiversity
values for which the Critical Habitat was designated.
A Biodiversity Action Plan still has to be developed for the Cavally River impacts. Artisanal and
small-scale mining impacts on the Cavally River habitat need to be considered as there is
extensive disturbance of the Cavally River upstream and downstream of the mine site by these
activities.

20.6 Closure Plan and Costs

Endeavour Wide Review
A new Endeavour standard for closure has been drafted in Q1 2020 and this standard will apply
to Endeavour managed operations and projects. The standard development process included
review existing of closure plans and cost estimates against the existing Endeavour guidelines,
legislation, stock exchange requirements and international standards (including the ICMM
Integrated Mine Closure Good Practice Guide and relevant World Gold Council principles, IFC
Performance Standards and EHS Guidelines, and International Cyanide Management Code

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requirements. Following on from the review, the next tasks are:

• Establishment of a centralised closure database, including information on unit rates and
templates for closure plans and estimates; and
• Updating of closure plans and cost estimates.
The review revealed that the closure plans and cost estimates need refinement. The elements
requiring attention include:
• Clearer reference to closure obligations, including commitments made by Endeavour and
its operating subsidiaries and conditions in licences, approvals and agreements;
• Integration of closure planning and implementation into life of mine planning;
• Improvement of the vision for closure – including stakeholder engagement and definition of
closure domains, post-closure land use, closure criteria;
• Vision and contingencies for temporary suspension of operations;
• Definition of closure risks and preparation of specific plans for management of these risks;
• More clarity on how impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems will be avoided;
• Specific plans for decommissioning cyanide facilities;
• Preparation for the social transition at closure to ensure a positive legacy; and
• Inclusion of water treatment costs in the cost estimates.

Closure Plan and Cost Estimate

Closure plans for Ity Mine Complex (PE 26), the Gbéitouo Open Pit and Daapleu Open Pit (PE
49) and the Le Plaque Open Pit (new exploitation permit) will be developed in 2020 and will
align with the new Endeavour closure standard. The 2011 closure plan for Ity Gold Mine is no
longer relevant following completion and commissioning of the Ity CIL Project. There is a brief
closure section in the ESIA report for the Gbéitouo Open Pit and Daapleu Open Pit.
The mining conventions for these mines require that financial provision for closure is made
through an escrow account lodged with an Ivorian financial institution and the provision of a
bank guarantee updated every year. The provisions can be distributed over the life of the
mines. These provisions are reviewed internally on an annual basis.
A mine closure estimate for the Ity Gold Mine was prepared in 2020, however this solely focuses
on the infrastructure currently in operation and does not include infrastructure related to Colline
Sud, Le Plaque, Walter, Zia Ne, Gbéitouo and Aires. This closure estimate has been reviewed
as part of the Endeavour closure plan review and the findings of Endeavour operations review
(summarised above) are considered to be equally applicable with respect to the level of closure
planning and the accompanying cost estimate. It is anticipated that both elements will be
updated during 2020 and aligned with the new closure standard and guidance that is presently
being drafted.
The total Environmental Liability is inclusive of a 10% contingency estimated at US$10.0m
(Table 20-2) comprising: limited ongoing rehabilitation of US$1.0m expended three years prior
to closure; mine closure costs of US$5.3m expended over a two year period (2033 to 2034
inclusive); and post closure monitoring costs of US$3.7m incurred from 2035 through 2039.
The 2019 Ity Gold Mine closure estimate assumes that when mining ceases, pumping will stop
and the pits will be allowed to fill with water. Additional studies are required to determine the
exact conditions of the recharge rate and water quality before future beneficial uses can be
defined (such as fish farming). The closure of the pits involves construction of a trench and
revegetated berm (2.5m high) and installation of a fence with signposts to stop the community

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entering the area.

The WRDs and RoM pad will be revegetated but trials are required to identify suitable substrate
and vegetation. The TSF is considered non-acid generating non-metal leaching and as such,
closure will involve allowing sufficient time for residual surface water to evaporate, also allowing
any cyanide present to degrade on exposure to UV rays. A 30cm cover, comprising of waste
rock material, will then be installed to limit wind and water erosion and serve as a basis for
vegetation growth.
It is recognised that a more complex cover or cap may be required if geochemistry studies
indicate that there is a potential for ARDML seepage from the TSF. The closure estimate states
the water reservoir and dam will remain in place to serve the community. It does not state who
will be responsible for the future use and conversely or perhaps precautionary, the cost estimate
includes provision for draining, shaping and revegetating the land.
The above estimate excludes the Colline Sud, Le Plaque, Walter, Zia Ne, Gbéitouo and Aires.
Legally, the closure provision for some of the Open Pits must be made separately as these are
in another permit area (PE 49 and the new exploitation permit area) and will be attributed to the
mineral rights holders (SMD and SMF).

Table 20-2: Environmental Liabilities: ongoing, mine closure and post closure
monitoring
Item Expenditure Area Unit Cost
(US$k) (ha) (US$k/ha) (US$/m2)
Open Pits 963 6,028 0 0.02
Waste Rock Dumps 1,635 824 2 0.20
RoM + Stockpile 485 91 5 0.53
TSF 2,222 143 16 1.55
Explosives Magazine 100 1 100 10.00
Process Plant 373 17 22 2.24
Fixed Maint. Worksh & Fuel Farm 80 23 4 0.35
Hydrocarbon Storage Area - - - -
Road 179 - -
Administration & Clinic - - - -
Camp - 13 - -
Inspection & Monitoring 3,393 - -
Water Treatment 24
Subtotal 9,453 7,140 1 0.13
Contingency 553
Total 10,005 7,140 1 0.14

20.7 Risks and Opportunities

The principal environmental and social risks relating to mining and processing related
operations at Ity Gold Mine are directly related to two key components:
• Mine Closure Planning and Cost Estimation (process): Recent Endeavour wide reviews
of the closure planning and cost estimation have highlighted a number of specific
recommendations required to ensure that future plans and estimates are more aligned with
the following internationally accepted principles: Future mine closure planning and cost
estimation processes will be enhanced through heightened adherence to the objectives
noted in various key documents: specifically the International Council on Mining and
Minerals (“ICMM”) Planning for Integrated Mine Closure: Toolkit (2008);
• Mine Closure Planning and Cost Estimation (base data): The basis for closure planning
requires further site-specific technical information to be gathered and processed, specifically
with respect to geochemical analysis (static and kinetic) for Acid Rock Drainage and Metals
Leaching of: mine waste (WRD and TSF); and anticipated pit lake chemistry on closure;
• Mine Closure Planning and Cost Estimate (Scope): Closure cost estimates will be
updated for both immediate and longer term (“LoMp”) mine closure requirements. With
respect to the latter and specifically focusing on the landforms, the closure cost estimate will
incorporate estimates for the final footprint of all open-pits, waste rock dumps, TSF facilities
as reflected in the LoMp. Presently the estimate is focused on the infrastructure currently in

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place and in addition the landform extents relating to deposits which are currently in
operation. Specifically, this excludes those deposits which are reported as Mineral
Reserves but for which mining operations have yet to commence. Accordingly, the estimate
resides in between that normally derived to support balance sheet entry for Asset Retirement
Obligations (“ARO”) processes as opposed to a full LoMp closure cost estimate. To date
there is no additional estimate for the proposed mining operations relating to Colline Sud,
Le Plaque, Walter, Zia Ne, Gbéitouo and Aires;
• Social Licence to Operate: the primary documentation governing the mining and
processing operations comprise both Exploitation Permits and Mining Conventions which
incorporate a number of commitments which are in effect conditions of approval. To date
Ity Gold Mine is focused on adherence to these commitments and appropriate management
structures and resources are in place to maintain this. The key risk therefore relates to any
changes in this approach which would impair the operations ability to manage and
implement the obligations and commitments enshrined in the relevant permits; and
• Economic Benefit Analyses: To demonstrate compliance with and support of adherence
to the legal commitments as defined in the Exploitation Permits and Mining Conventions to
undertake further economic analyses of economic model focusing on the economic benefits
contributions to the licence holders and the Government of Côte d'Ivoire.

20.8 Interpretation, Conclusions and Recommendations

The assessment of the environmental and social aspects at the Ity Gold Mine confirms
management focus and adherence to the obligations and commitments enshrined in the
Exploitation Permits and Mining Conventions. There are elements of environmental
management are planned for 2020, specifically with respect to mine closure planning and
related estimation of environmental liabilities. Recent Endeavour wide assessments of the mine
closure planning process has however identified a number of weaknesses and proposed a
remedial action programme to address these.
In conclusion, management focus on the legal commitments and adherence thereto is
appropriate and whilst the environmental issues at Ity Gold Mine are well understood, further
work is required to address certain aspects pertaining to biophysical environmental issues.
Accordingly, the following items are noted as the key recommendations to be addressed in the
forthcoming work programmes for 2020 and 2021.
• Fully align with the international standards and benchmarks;
• Separately define environmental closure costs as at the date of declaration of the Mineral
Reserves and assuming full depletion of the Mineral Reserves, specifically for the latter to
ensure that the scope of the remediation plan extends for all landform extents assumed at
the date of depletion;
• Complete additional site specific testwork, specifically focusing on geochemical analysis
(static and kinetic testing) to define the extent to which Acid Rock Drainage and Metal
Leaching management measures are required as part of the mine closure plan; and
• Quantify and analyse the economic benefit to both the licence holders and the Government
of Côte d'Ivoire.

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21 CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS

21.1 Capital Expenditure
The overall capital cost estimate for Mining and future Projects was compiled by Endeavour in
conjunction with various consulting groups such as Lycopodium Minerals and Knight Piésold
(“KP”) and is presented in summary format. The capital cost estimate reflects the Mining and
Project scope as described in other sections of this report. Additional estimate details for items
costed are available on request.
KP provided quantities for the tailings storage facility with rates applied by Endeavor’s Project
Services Group (“PSG”) to derive the capital estimate. All other material take-off’s were
performed in house by PSG. All costs are expressed in US$ unless otherwise stated and based
on Q4 2019 pricing.
Where costs used in the estimate were provided in other than US dollars the following exchange
rates were used:
• US$1.00 = A$1.500 (Australian Dollar); and
• US$1.00 = XOF595 (CFA Franc).

Table 21-1: Future Capital Cost Estimate Summary

Year Main Area - Description Estimate (US$m)
2020 Mining - Walter Pit Diversions 2.0
2021 Mining – Colin Sud Pit Diversions 2.0
2021 Mining - Bakatouo Pit Diversions 2.5
2020 Mining – Fleet Replacement 2.7
2020+ Mining – Fleet Replacement (LOM) 90.0
- Major Components 52.1
- Undercarriage 6.3
- Asset Replacement (includes additional) 31.6
2021 Mining – Le Plaque Mining Infrastructure 32,0
LOM Process Plant – LOM CAPEX (based on U$1.45/tproc) 82.5*
LOM TSF – Stages (Lift Engineering, Construction and Over haulage) 120.6
- TSF - Stage 2 Lift Engineering, Construction & Over haulage (2020) 9.5
- TSF - Stage 2 Lift Engineering, Construction & Over haulage (2021) 7.4
- TSF - Stage 2 Lift Engineering, Construction & Over haulage (2022) 13.4
- TSF - Stage 2 Lift Engineering, Construction & Over haulage (2023) 10.3
- TSF - Stage 2 Lift Engineering, Construction & Over haulage (2024) 11.6
- TSF - Stage 2 Lift Engineering, Construction & Over haulage (2025) 10.9
- TSF - Stage 2 Lift Engineering, Construction & Over haulage (2026) 12.0
- TSF - Stage 2 Lift Engineering, Construction & Over haulage (2027) 12.8
- TSF - Stage 2 Lift Engineering, Construction & Over haulage (2028) 13.1
- TSF - Stage 2 Lift Engineering, Construction & Over haulage (2029) 14.4
- TSF - Stage 2 Lift Engineering, Construction & Over haulage (2030) 5.4
2020 Capital Items (2020)(sub US$1m) 5.1

21.1.1 Mining (Fleet Replacement)

Mining Asset Capital Expenditure policy
The cost profile for the LoM Capital Expenditure is based on the EDV Mobile Asset
Management Strategy which is extracted below with additional clarifications based on the LoM
cost profile in each Sub Section if applicable.
• Purpose: The purpose of the Mobile Equipment Asset Management Strategy is to provide
a sound basis for decisions related to mobile equipment asset management and assist in
the steps required to achieve the lowest practical Total Cost of Ownership (“TCO”) for mobile
equipment.
• Planning / Selection: Detailed mining plans and schedules dictate the type and period for
the equipment to be purchased and operated. Mine and process plant design considers
mining input and equipment constraining items such as haul road widths, haul road inclines,
mining and waste dump area dimensions, crusher hopper dimensions and required primary
crusher feed size as examples.
At this point, EDV has selected Komatsu for all major HME. Where specific Komatsu Heavy
Mining Equipment models and ancillary systems are referenced, any alternative OEM Heavy

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Mining Equipment brand, model or type must provide a system of the same type and quality
or be superior to that supplied by Komatsu.
A final step is then to weigh up the merits of performing all of this work with a fully owned
equipment fleet, versus options to wet hire some fleet on dayworks rates (based on engine
hours) or to fully contract elements such as drill and blast, grade control drilling, surface
haulage or activities such as TSF construction that are more periodic in nature.
• Purchase / Acquire: Life Cycle Planning (“LCP”) is a key component of the EDV
management plan. A comprehensive approach to Life Cycle Planning forecasts the
expenditure required to support the performance of the Mobile Assets over its life. It
incorporates all capital, maintenance and operational expenditure along with the value of
the asset throughout its life and an estimation of remaining life at any given point.
Delivery and commissioning involves pre-delivery testing, commissioning and handover of
the plant and equipment by the OEM and / or their local representative. This usually includes
training, provision of tools and specialist equipment, all manuals and as built documentation.
• Major Components and Undercarriage Cost Tab: Endeavour work on reliability
monitoring Planned Component Replacement (“PCR”) programmes utilising the OEM
recommended hours as a baseline. Component hours are extended where data is recorded
and analysed to ensure economic life. Assets are not run to failure as a general rule. From
this programme a database of planned works is developed and updated every 3 months in
line with the EDV budget and forecasting timeline.
• Disposal / Scrap: During the operational life of the equipment, detailed analysis of both
financial and technical performance of the plant and equipment is performed. This is used
as the basis for decisions around retaining, replacing or disposing of the asset. Retain,
replace or dispose decisions usually depend on the maintenance costs on an existing item
of plant and equipment against the opportunity for increased reliability and productivity
against a high initial cost and a reduced maintenance cost for new plant and equipment.
Ultimately the decision to retain, dispose or renew is based on information generated by the
LCP. Retain, dispose or renew strategies will influence decisions around planning and
selection, recording keeping together and maintenance strategies over the life of the asset.
• Asset Replacement Cost: The Asset Replacement strategy of Endeavour is based on the
economic life hours of the current equipment and follows the strategy of reliability against
cost monitoring. This policy is reviewed yearly. As more detailed operational costs are
known, the economic life hours will be adjusted based on Endeavour cost profiles. This will
in turn adjust the Capital Replacement Strategy. The current cost profile is based on Life
hours divided by monthly average hours per asset. This will give an indication of the Asset
replacement timeframe. As Endeavour has only become an owner operator since 2017 no
asset replacement has been carried out to date.

Table 21-2: Mining Capital Cost Estimate Summary

Equipment Category Total
(Millions)
Excavator
Major Components 6.6
Undercarriage 3.3
Asset Replacement 6.8
LOM Additional Capex -
Dump Trucks
Major Components 24.3
Undercarriage -
Asset Replacement 15.4
LOM Additional Capex 2.6
Ancillary
Major Components 23.9
Undercarriage 3.4
Asset Replacement 7.1

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Equipment Category Total

LOM Additional Capex -
Total 93.4

21.1.2 Le Plaque Infrastructure

Endeavour is planning to develop the Le Plaque deposit, located 7.4km southeast of the
existing Ity CIL operation. The ore from this deposit will be mined and transported via a
dedicated haul road and processed as part of an integrated feed schedule in the Processing
Plant. Contributions for the delivery of the PFS report are by Endeavour and Lycopodium
Minerals Pty Ltd (Lycopodium) who were responsible for compilation of the study report.

Infrastructure
The overall site development plan shows the major features of the project and main
infrastructure areas including open pit and waste rock dump, mine services area (“MSA”), roads
and site access. The main access road approaches the site from the north, and the layout
provides easy access for personnel and material movements.

Figure 21-1: Le Plaque – Overall Site Development Plan

The site will be fenced to prevent animal access and deter access by unauthorised persons.
Road access into the fenced area will be through a manned checkpoint. Site security will be
based on concentric lines of fencing / control. Security fencing will surround the general site
infrastructure.
Initially the mine site will be run on portable generator sets. An 11kV power line will be installed
with a connection point at the Ity Project river abstraction station, extending approximately
8.4km, and following the haul road to Le Plaque, terminating at the MSA area.
No permanent accommodation will be constructed at Le Plaque, with personnel travelling daily
to the existing Ity accommodation camp. This camp can accommodate any additional
workforce without upgrade.
During construction, contractors will be required to provide their own accommodation for their
construction workforce. An area will be set aside for temporary contractor camps adjacent to

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the construction site. Alternatively, some contractors may choose to source temporary
accommodation in nearby towns and villages.
A vendor package modular potable water treatment plant including filtration, ultra-violet
sterilisation and chlorination will be installed. Potable water will be stored in the plant potable
water tank and will be reticulated to the plant buildings, site ablutions, safety showers and other
potable water outlets.
Effluent from all water fixtures in the mine services area, site offices and facilities will drain to
gravity sewerage systems. The gravity sewerage system for each area will drain to a sewer
pump station from where it will discharge via a pressure main to a vendor package sewage
treatment plant system located in the main infrastructure area.
Site buildings will be 'fit for purpose' industrial type demountable structures. Buildings and
structures will include:
• 2 x Mine HME workshops consisting of fabric covered steel frame structure mounted on sea
containers. Each dome structure L 20m x W 15m x H 15m with concrete floor;
• Separate smaller fabric covered steel frame structure mounted on sea containers for
haulage contractor maintenance;
• Self-bunded bulk fuel storage;
• HME wash down facility for single haul truck cleaning;
• Drill and blast contractor workshop;
• Demountable containerised offices;
• Kitchen / meals containerised building;
• Ablutions, showers and change house containerised building;
• Oily water separator;
• Sewage treatment module;
• Raw water pond with standpipe to allow tanker filling for dust suppression;
• Potable water treatment module; and
• Security gatehouse and first aid clinic.
Internal communications and IT services shall be via a site wide fibre optic network. One of the
local mobile phone providers will be contracted to install facilities on site and provide a link into
the local, national and international telecommunication network.
A radio network will be established with dedicated operational, security and emergency
channels. A local ground station will be installed to provide global satellite voice and data
connection.

Environment, Social and Permitting

Endeavour Mining has engaged CECAF International (“CECAF”) to undertake environmental
studies and investigations for the Le Plaque project. These studies commenced in October
2018, and will culminate in the publishing of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
(ESIA) in 2020.
The studies are being conducted by CECAF using appropriate scientific methods with data
systematically collected on that basis. CECAF will work collaboratively with ENVAL
laboratories, who will complete necessary physio-chemical and microbiological laboratory
analysis during the environmental studies.
The ESIA produced will be submitted for a governmental committee validation. An official order

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will be granted by Ministry of Environment and this authorisation will be added to the Mining
Permit demand to introduce to the Mining and Geology Ministry.
On completion and submission of the ESIA to ANDE, the National Environmental Agency, an
operating licence will be obtained. This is scheduled for completion before the end of 2020,
with infrastructure and pit establishment planned for early 2021. A mining convention will be
submitted to the Ministry of Mines and Geology (the draft of that convention to be set by a
decree order) and analysed by the cabinet meeting, which will authorise its signing.

Water Management
Raw water required at Le Plaque will be limited primarily to mining activities including dust
suppression and fleet wash down facilities, with anticipated consumption, approximately 35
m3/hr. Raw water will be sourced from pit dewatering via pit trenches, sumps and pumps, and
supplemented if required by the installation of bores. A detailed investigation of water supply
sources for Le Plaque has not been undertaken for the scoping study, and is planned for
subsequent phases of feasibility studies
Endeavour is further developing a hydrogeological model which will be completed in 2020.
Le Plaque is locally drained by three sub-catchments, with a total drainage area of 3.1km2. All
the catchments are characterised by seeps and springs that originate from the incised valleys
and continue downstream through erosional features into wetlands. The wetlands drain to the
Cavally River and typically occur within its floodplain.
Initial calculations and preliminary steady-state water balance for Le Plaque catchment has
been developed. Based on these preliminary calculations, the sum of direct surface runoff and
baseflow amounts to 84L/s, equivalent to a catchment runoff coefficient of approximately
27L/s/km2.
The groundwater flow conditions under natural baseline conditions and over long periods
(decades) resemble a steady-state regime, where inflow volumes equal outflow volumes.
According to the groundwater balance calculation, the annual groundwater through flow rate in
the entire catchment is 17L/s. This represents the bare minimum dewatering rate if the whole
catchment contributes groundwater recharge to the pit.
Other significant sources of groundwater inflow to the pit that will need to be considered are
groundwater stored in the fractured bedrock and the influence of the Cavally River as constant
recharge head once hydraulic gradients are reversed during mining.

Capital Costs
The capital cost estimate is summarised below, provides a preliminary estimate for roads,
infrastructure and mining facilities required at the Le Plaque deposit. The intent of which is to
supply sufficient level facilities for the satellite pit operation during the expected LoM.
The estimate is based on construction costs from Lycopodium’s database of recent projects in
the area and preliminary quantity take-offs based on the scope outline provided. Endeavour
Mining and sub- consultants have provided input to the estimates with regard to road design
and quantity take-offs, mining services infrastructure required, mining fleet costs and owner’s
costs. All costs are expressed in US$ unless otherwise stated and based on Q4 2019 pricing.

Table 21-3: Le Plaque Capital Cost Estimate Summary

Cost Contingency Total
Area
(US$k) (US$k) (US$k)
Mine Establishment
Haul Roads 4,428 341 4,769
Mine Dewatering 412 42 454
Mining Fleet 6,471 647 7,119

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Cost Contingency Total

Area
(US$k) (US$k) (US$k)
Mining Facilities 3,252 404 3,656
Power Supply 689 131 820
Subtotal 15,252 1,565 16,817
Contractor & Construction Indirect
Earthworks 2,749 498 3,247
Other Disciplines 485 88 573
Subtotal 3,235 585 3,820
Sub Consultants 1,802 90 1,892
Subtotal 1,802 90 1,892
Owners Costs
Management Team Labour 853 85 938
Project Insurances 400 30 430
Community Relations/Compensation 6,150 615 6,765
Sterilisation Drilling 250 24 275
Other 965 97 1,062
Subtotal 8,618 851 9,469
Total 28,907 3,092 31,998

21.1.3 Tailings Storage Facility (TSF) Capital Costs

The overall capital cost estimate for the TSF LOM stage includes the scope of work described
in Section 18 and shown in Figure 21-2 Plan and Figure 21-3 Embankment Elevation.
KP have recommend that the most efficient and cost effective means of building a TSF is to
construct the embankments with suitable mine waste. As the availability of mine waste is
spread over the LoM, it is therefore recommended the TSF be constructed in stages.
The design basis and recommended construction methodology is therefore as follows;
• Mine waste, should it be deemed suitable for TSF construction, shall meet a specification
requirement, otherwise known as “Zone C”;
• The downstream structural fill zone of the TSF embankment (Zone C), constructed by the
mining operation, by direct paddock dumping mine waste hauled directly from the open pit
by the mining fleet. This waste material is then levelled by bulldozer, grader or similar and
compacted via systematically distributed trafficking with loaded haul trucks (Komatsu 785);
• In the case where Zone C material has higher fines content, paddock dumping will remain,
however lifts will be limited to 300mm only;
• The TSF embankments have been separated into segments for the purpose of providing
Zone C volumes for scheduling purposes, which is aligned to the respective mine plan;
• The TSF Staged lift Zone C embankment profile consists of a suitable running surface, as
necessary for the mine to maintain current safe operating standards, typically 26m inclusive
of 1 metre windrow on either side of the running surface for safety;
• The upstream face of the embankment shall be filled with a low permeable saprolite material
layer, otherwise known as “Zone A”. This layer will be shaped and proof rolled and covered
with HDPE liner;
• HDPE liner is fully welded and non-destructive tested (“NDT”) to ensure quality assurance
in line with KP;
• Tailings disposal systems will be installed on top of the final HDPE lined TSF and tailings
discharged / handled as described in Section 18; and
• Wearing course around the perimeter of the TSF is installed for maintenance access.

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Figure 21-2: Ity TSF Stage 2 Lift Plan

Figure 21-3: Ity TSF Stage 2 Lift Typical Embankment Elevation

KP have provided Endeavour a high-level final design for the Ity LoM TSF which enabled the
development of an order of magnitude staged embankment height and respective estimated
total Zone A and Zone C quantity for each TSF lift.
Endeavour have reviewed actual costs to raise the TSF to current heights and extrapolated

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these costs to estimate costs for future TSF lifts using a material rates basis. Current cost per
staged embankment volume is approximately US$6.50/m3.

Table 21-4: TSF Lift Forecast and Capital Cost Estimate Summary
Incremental Total Estimated
Constructed Crest Storage Incremental
Stage Tonnage Zone C Zone A + Budget Comments
by RL to Zone A (m3) (m3) C (USK)
1 Jan-19 278.8 Aug-20 8,109,668 - - Built
2 Apr-20 283.5 Apr-21 11,700,000 87,000 1,899,000 1,986,000 12,909 In progress
3 Apr-21 287.2 Mar-22 15,416,667 121,000 1,009,000 1,130,000 7,345 Forecast
4 Mar-22 291.7 Mar-23 20,000,000 146,000 1,916,000 2,062,000 13,403 Forecast
5 Mar-23 293.9 Mar-24 25,416,670 142,000 1,442,000 1,584,000 10,296 Forecast
6 Mar-24 297.4 Mar-25 30,416,670 128,000 1,663,000 1,791,000 11,642 Forecast
7 Mar-25 300.2 Mar-26 35,416,670 106,000 1,567,000 1,673,000 10,875 Forecast
8 Mar-26 302.9 Mar-27 40,416,670 115,000 1,715,000 1,830,000 11,895 Forecast
9 Mar-27 305.5 Mar-28 45,416,670 114,000 1,853,000 1,967,000 12,786 Forecast
10 Mar-28 307.9 Mar-29 50,416,670 111,000 1,900,000 2,011,000 13,072 Forecast
11 Mar-29 310.3 Mar-30 55,416,670 113,000 2,100,000 2,213,000 14,385 Forecast
12 Mar-30 311.1 Jul-30 57,083,336 74,000 756,000 830,000 5,395 Forecast

21.1.4 River Diversion Capital Costs

The overall capital cost estimate for the river diversion includes the scope of work described in
Section 18 and shown in Figure 21-4 and Figure 21-5.
The design basis and recommended construction methodology is therefore as follows;
• The downstream face of the diversion embankment shall be excavated to final level, shaped
and proof rolled. The downstream face will be covered with scour protection to prevent
erosion during the months where heavy river flow is experienced;
• River diversion excavation material should be deemed suitable for the pit protection bund
construction, if it meets certain specification requirements, otherwise known as “Zone A”;
• If the river diversion excavation material is not suitable, mine waste of Zone A specification
will be sourced;
• The structural fill zone of the pit protection bund (Zone A) will be constructed by either mining
equipment or hired earthworks construction equipment. This equipment will raise the
embankment in 300mm lifts, compacting at each lift with sheep’s foot compactor;
• Upstream and downstream face of the pit protection bund will be covered with geofabric to
prevent erosion during heavy rainfall events; and
• Wearing course on the peak of the pit protection bund will be installed for maintenance and
community access.

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Figure 21-4: Ity Diversions Plan for Bakatou and Walter Pits

Figure 21-5: Ity Diversions Typical Embankment Elevation

Capital Cost Basis and Estimate

KP have provided EDV final detailed designs and BOQs for the Ity Diversions. From this detail,
cost estimates were developed based on materials supply rates, equipment hire rates and bulk
earthworks material quantity rates obtained from similar recent projects, namely the haul bridge

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(Daapleu river diversion) carried out during the Ity CIL Project in 2018 and 2019.

21.1.5 Ongoing Process Plant related CAPEX

Excluded within the process plant operating costs is ongoing capital expenditure for repair
works, remediation, small plant optimisations such as the following:
• Process plant earthworks for drainage, storm event rectification etc.
• Concrete addition / replacement following wear or incident damage. Footpath, work area
addition or new concrete drainage installation.
• Structural steel replacement or corrosion protection
• Carbon steel replacement or corrosion protection
• Poly pipe, or fitting replacement
• Cable tray / sun cover replacement or corrosion protection
• Field electrical equipment or cable replacement / repair following sun damage.
• Infrastructure building repair / replacement.
• Infrastructure location optimization relating to operational efficiency etc.

Capital Cost Basis

Fixed asset maintenance items greater than US$5,000, are to be capitalized, these costs
include (but are not limited to) component change outs and rebuilds, replacement of crusher
and mill liners, etc. Estimated capital costs (including contingency allowances) per processing
tonne have been developed using a first principle approach. Estimated sustaining capital cots
cost per tonne processed is approximately is US$1.45/t allocated over the LoMp.

21.2 Operating Expenditure

The operating expenditures (Table 21-5) for Ity Gold Mine as incorporated into the current LoMp
are based on input data gathered as part of the annual budgeting process and the development
of cost models relating to the primary cost centres of mining, processing and G&A. In summary
the key assumptions are as follows:
• Exchange Rate assumptions comprising: US$1.11 to one Euro (“€”); US$1.25 to one Great
British Pounds (“GBP”); Canadian Dollar (“C$”) of 1.30 to one US$; ‘Coopération financière
en Afrique centrale’ (“CFA”) issued by ‘Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale’ (“BEAC”)
hereinafter CFA BEAC (“XOF”) of 600 to one US$; and Australian Dollar (“A$”) of 1.50 to
one US$;
• Electricity supply prices assuming USc11.6/kWh for grid supply and own diesel generation
accordingly with grid supply assumed to be contributing 90% of power consumption for 2020
onwards;
• Unit prices supplied on a Carriage Insurance and Freight (“CIF”), Delivered at Place (“DAP”)
and Delivered Duty Place (“DDP”) basis for steel balls (US$1,126/t), caustic soda
(US$906/t), cyanide (US2,358/t), hydrochloric acid (32% - US$370/t), copper sulphate
(US$2,315/t);
• Diesel unit prices of US$0.89/l quoted on a DDP basis;
• Royalty of comprising 4.50% base on a sliding scale as defined in the 2015 Mining Code;
and
• Gold refining services costs based on a unit rate of payable gold set at US$3.35/oz and
assuming a payability of 99.95%.

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Table 21-5: Future Physicals, operating expenditures and unit rates summaries
Item Units Total
Physical
Stripping Ratio (twaste:tore) 2.77
Mined (kt) 219,410
Waste (kt) 161,241
Ore (kt) 58,168
Milled (kt) 62,123
Grade (g/tAu) 1.57
Contained (kozAu) 3,144
Metallurgical Recovery (%) 81.4
Produced (kozAu) 2,560
Sold (kozAu) 2,558
Revenue
Gold (US$k) 3,324,776
Expenditures
Mining (US$k) 586,273
Processing (US$k) 708,759
G&A (US$k) 265,846
Site (US$k) 198,748
Allocation (US$k) 67,098
Refining (US$k) 6,400
Royalty (US$k) 149,615
Capitalised (US$k) (83,783)
Total (US$k) 1,633,110
Unit Rates
Mining (US$/tmined) 2.67
Processing (US$/tmilled) 11.41
G&A (US$/tmilled) 4.28
Refining (US$/oz) 2.50
Royalty (%) 4.50

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22 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
In accordance with the exemptions afforded to producing issuers as stipulated in Form-
101F1,“the information required under Item 22 for technical reports on properties
currently in production” is excluded as Endeavour believes that Technical Report does not
include “a material expansion of current production”.

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23 ADJACENT PROPERTIES
Endeavour, through its subsidiary La Mancha Côte D’Ivoire (“LMCI”), has secured a large
perimeter over the prospective Birimian belt, including the recently added PR-605 Mahapleu
permit. Surrounding exploration leases, held by other companies, are shown on Figure 23-1 in
green an d blue dotted lines.
The adjacent properties are not indicative of the mineralisation at Ity Gold Mine that are the
subject of this Technical Report. The Qualified Person has been unable to verify the information
pertaining to surrounding properties.

Figure 23-1: LMCI (red) and surrounding licenses overlain on a BRGM geological map;
black dashed line represents an alternative outline of Birimian volcano-
sedimentary belt (source: Endeavour)

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24 OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION

No additional information or explanatory comments are deemed necessary to ensure that all
chapters of this Technical Report are understandable with no misleading statements or
information.

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25 INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS

25.1 Introduction
The following section includes a summary of the principal interpretation and conclusions relating
to the Ity Gold Mine.

25.2 Geological Setting and Mineralisation

The geological setting and mineralisation for the deposits investigated to date at Ity Gold Mine
are well informed by and geological data gathered through extensive exploration programmes
conducted to date. As such, the focus of current activities are directly related to the broader
exploration programmes currently conducted by Endeavour, pending advancement to sufficient
level to transfer to the operating entities.
Further work is planned to refine the geological models and upgrade the lower levels of
resource categories through infill drilling and where appropriate extensional drilling to the
currently defined wireframes.

25.3 Mineral Resources

The Mineral Resources as reported herein are considered to reflect an unbiased and
reasonable estimate given the geological data gathered to date and that are also reported in
accordance with the guidelines and terminology provided in the CIM Standards. This aside
there are a number of areas of potential improvement which if completed would increase the
confidence and transparency relating to the current declarations.
The current Mineral Resource estimate is undertaken by both the internal resource modelling
team and external consultants appointed for certain deposits. The grade-control models are
presently the responsibility of the mine-based teams and as such future resource models would
be further enhanced through greater integration of the knowledge capital established by the
various consultants. Furthermore, certain of the Mineral Resource estimates are informed by
dated and historical estimates which would benefit from updates to incorporate additional
geological information, analysis and understanding developed in the interim period, specifically
as the mining operations extend into their fourth year of operations. The key areas of focus
include:
• Updating of the resource models with all geological information and analysis completed
since the last historical re-estimation;
• Grade control models and reconciliation studies; and
• Basis for reporting potentially economically extractable resources and open-pit optimisation
studies.

25.4 Mineral Reserves

The Mineral Reserves as reported herein are demonstrably economic and are supported by the
appropriate level of technical studies to support their declaration in accordance with guidelines
and terminology provided in the CIM Standards.

25.5 Mineral Processing, Metallurgical Testing and Recovery Methods

In summary the metallurgical assumptions as incorporated into the metallurgical LoMp for Ity
Gold Mine are starting to be understood following commissioning and commencement of
operations in May 2019. The original technical studies have also been supplemented by
additional testwork for the additional deposits now incorporated into the Ore Reserve
statements reported in the 31 December 2019 declarations. Operational performance to date
has, specifically with respect to overall plant throughput, exceeded the original nominal design

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capacity of 4.0Mtpa and volumetric upgrade of the plant to 5.0Mtpa in November 2019. The
plant is currently operating in excess of 5.2Mtpa with increased availability and utilisation to
achieve hourly throughput exceeding 700t. This performance is however supported by higher
than planned proportion of feed sourced from spent heap leach material which physical
properties facilitates higher throughput due to reduced milling requirements.
In addition to the above, Ity Gold Mine is also investigating and in certain aspects implementing
several strategic initiatives focused on various operational improvements, the benefits of which
are not factored into the current LoMp metallurgical plan.
Notwithstanding the above the following areas are noted as the key areas of focus:
• Current annual process throughput of 5.2Mtpa will be impacted by high moisture content
oxide ore requiring consistent fresh ore tonnage contributions for blending, particularly
during the wet season and reliance on secondary feeding through the surge bin;
• The current LoMp incorporates ore sources which to date have not been historically
processed and are entirely reliant on bench scale testwork results, such as Le Plaque and
the Colline Sud;
• The original leach kinetics of various ore source blends were based testwork and assuming
a nameplate capacity of 4.0Mtpa. Accordingly, further work may be required to test the
impact of leach kinetics of the various ore blends at the increased throughput of 5.2Mtpa
assuming no further change to process plant configuration and operating practices;
• The current tailings discharge is greater than 50ppm CNWAD; and
• Historical reporting to date is generally focused on monthly reporting at a relatively high level
which is used to inform the metallurgical LoMp assumptions. Accordingly, there remains an
opportunity to collate and analyse historical physical (ore feed, gravity recovery, CIL feed
etc), consumable stores, power consumption and operating expenditures to establish
predictive performance relationships to finesse the projections as reported herein.

25.6 Infrastructure
In summary the infrastructure aspects at the Ity Gold Mine are well established following
commissioning and commencement. The asset integrity programmes including ongoing
maintenance and replacement is well established and supports all aspects of key operational
activities resulting in relatively high availability and utilisation for remote mining and processing
operations.

25.7 Environmental Studies, Permitting and Social or Community Impact

The assessment of the environmental and social aspects at the Ity Gold Mine confirms
management focus and adherence to the obligations and commitments enshrined in the
Exploitation Permits and Mining Conventions. There are elements of environmental
management which have not necessarily substantively advanced following completion of the
Feasibility Studies, specifically with respect to mine closure planning and related estimation of
environmental liabilities. Recent Endeavour wide assessments of the mine closure planning
process has however identified a number of weaknesses and proposed a remedial action
programme to address these.
In conclusion, management focus on the legal commitments and adherence thereto is
appropriate and whilst the environmental issues at Ity Gold Mine is well understood, further
work is required to address certain aspects pertaining to biophysical environmental issues.

25.8 Capital and Operating Expenditure

The estimation of operating expenditures for the Ity Gold Mine is presently reliant on details

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generated by the annual budgeting process as well as a degree of LoMp cost modelling. With
respect to the latter, the cost models as developed require further refinement to enable a more
integrated and interdependent approach to life-of-mine cost modelling with specific focus on
mining, power (demand, supply and consumption), and consumption of consumable reagents
and variation in respect of plant feed (material type etc). Another key area is also with respect
to the development of LoM manpower and labour.
Accordingly, may be concluded that whilst the resulting cost models are largely aligned with
historical performance as reported in 2019, further work is required to refine the cost modelling
process which is planned for completion during 2020 as part of the pre 2021 budgeting process.

25.9 Mineral Reserve Economic Viability Analysis

The economic viability analysis of the Mineral Reserves as reported herein is limited to that
associated with depletion of the Mineral Reserves reported as at 31 December 2019 with
depletion commencing 1 January 2020. In analysing the economic viability of the Mineral
Reserves, the following conclusions are drawn:
• Total gold production and gold sales of 2,560koz and 2,558koz respectively;
• Total sales revenue of US$3,324.8m derived assuming a constant real (1 January 2020)
money terms gold price of US$1,300/oz;
• Total operating expenditure (post capitalisation) of US$1,633.1m (real money terms 1
January 2020);
• Total capital expenditure of US$423.1m comprising sustaining capital, capitalised operating
expenditures, and mine closure (real money terms 1 January 2020). In addition to this the
lease repayments and other outflows amount to US$39.7m which are assumed to be
expended from 2020 through 2023 inclusive;
• LoM weighted average unit mining, processing and G&A related operating expenditures (pre
capitalisation) of US$2.67/tmined, US$11.41/tmilled and US$4.28/tmilled respectively; and
• LoM weighted average unit cash costs and AISC of US$591/oz and US$793/oz reported on
a sales basis.
Accordingly, the primary conclusions drawn are as follows:
• The Mineral Reserves are demonstrably economic and indicate a significant headroom with
AISC of US$793/oz relative to the assumed long-term gold price of US$1,300/oz;
• Sensitivity analysis which indicates +ve economic viability for all scenarios.

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26 RECOMMENDATIONS
26.1 Introduction
The following section provides a summary of the recommendations incorporated into the
various discipline sections of this Technical Report as appropriate.

26.2 Geological Setting and Mineralisation

The geological setting and mineralisation for the deposits investigated to date at Ity Gold Mine
are well informed by and geological data gathered through extensive exploration programmes
conducted to date. As such, the focus of current activities is directly related to the broader
exploration programmes currently conducted by Endeavour.
Further work is planned to refine the geological models and upgrade the lower levels of
resource categories through infill drilling and where appropriate extensional drilling to the
currently defined wireframes.

26.3 Exploration
The exploration activities completed to date have been undertaken in accordance with
Endeavour’s standards and practices and in compliance with the commitments made in respect
of the governing regulatory permits. It is recommended that the wider exploration programme
and in addition the ongoing infill drilling relating to the deposits for which Mineral Resources are
reported is completed and incorporated into the next resource model updates as appropriate.

26.4 Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing

The key recommendations relating to Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing and
practices at the Ity Gold Mine are:
• Gravity Concentration: Two continuous centrifugal gravity concentrators have been
selected in the plant design to recover a 2% to 3% mass gravity concentrate from the cyclone
overflow stream. A grade recovery relationship was established in the current test
programme using a multiple pass approach on a batch basis. The relationship was very
clear and indicates a mass pull of 2.5% would result in a gold recovery of approximately
75%. A conservative approach has been taken in sizing the gravity concentrators and
subsequent fine grinding equipment. Additional testwork will provide an opportunity to
further optimise these selections. In particular this may result in the inclusion of a small
secondary concentrator operating in a cleaner mode, while reducing the fine grinding
requirements with a smaller, higher grade concentrate;
• Gravity Concentrate Comminution: Testwork to determine the gravity concentrate milling
specific energy has not been completed due to time and sample limitations. A conservative
milling specific energy has been assumed for the purposes of the design. If the specific
energy requirement is less than the conservative estimate, there is opportunity to reduce the
project capital and operating cost. Alternatively, a larger gravity concentrate mass could be
collected with an opportunity for increased plant gold recoveries for some ores. Fine
grinding mill vendor testwork on a gravity concentrate sample to provide this data is likely to
improve project economics;
• Plant Recoveries: Plant recoveries for the Daapleu Fresh ores are not fully understood as
are the volumes or locations of the highly refractory material within the Daapleu pit. A
testwork programme to recover produce a refractory concentrate is currently underway. The
higher than expected cyanide soluble copper can further impact the refractory material is
treated simultaneously and control of blending is important to mitigate this. A PAL1000
sample preparation and leach equipment has been included in the capital budget for 2020,

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which will significantly reduce the turnaround time to determine the presence of cyanide
soluble copper in the various pits;
The plant recoveries have been estimated based on the leaching testwork 24-hour
extractions. The increase from 4Mtpa to 5Mtpa has reduced this and there is a study
underway to determine the merits of installing an additional 2 CIL leach tanks to increase
CIL residence time. To date residence time has not impeded gold extraction;
• Reagent Optimisation: The cyanide consumption has increased due to higher cyanide
soluble copper in feed. A project is currently in detailed engineering phase to recover both
cyanide and copper from the tailing slurry, reducing costs and presenting an additional
revenue stream;
• Undertaking further technical work to assess the economic benefits of increased Daapleu
high grade recovery through the installation of additional processing steps to separate and
process this ore stream;
• Undertaking further technical work to refine metallurgical recovery assumptions, specifically
to confirm the leach kinetics (recovery and residence time) of sulphide ore at the increased
throughput of 5.2Mtpa);
• Complete the detailed design work and business case for the Recyn technology to reduce
cyanide consumption and tailings deposition below 50ppm CNWAD;
• To further analyse historical performance statistics to support establishment of performance
relationships for production assumptions (gravity recovery, CIL feed recovery and tails
grades, residence time and total recovery), consumable stores consumption rates, power
consumption, water usage, and operating expenditure assessments; and
• To assess the potential benefits of various strategic initiatives underway and the extent to
which this can be included as direct measurable improvements to the LoMp metallurgical
assumptions.

26.5 Mineral Resources

The principal recommendations pertaining to the reporting of Mineral Resources at Ity Gold
Mine are:
• As appropriate to update the resource models with all additional drilling, grade control and
other geological understanding gathered since the last historical complete re-estimation;
• To align the optimisation input parameters with that derived as inputs to the current Mineral
Reserve process and as necessary ensure that the sensitivity analysis is completed to
enable enhanced transparency with respect to sensitivity analysis;
• To implement the recommendations relating to grade control modelling and reconciliation
studies with a view to informing the resource models as deemed appropriate;
• To undertake further analysis of the underground potential at certain of the deposits to
determine the extent to which any Mineral Resources located below the current final pit
designs can be mined by underground methods;
• Following completion of additional drilling at certain of the deposits to establish the extent to
which the current grade-based domains can be supplements with lithological and/or
structural domains thereby enhancing the confidence and understanding of the
mineralisation and grade distribution; and
• To complete the planned exploration programmes currently underway at certain of the
exploration targets by the Company and following successful outcomes delineation of

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Mineral Resources which can then be transferred to the operating entities managed by Ity
Gold Mine.

26.6 Mineral Reserves

The key recommendations relating to Mineral Reserves at the Ity Gold Mine are:
• Completion of updated pit optimisation analysis incorporating the latest available geological
models and operating/design assumptions as reported in this Technical Report; and
• Updating all engineered pit designs following completion of the updated pit optimisation
including revisiting of the staged push backs and ultimate shell selections.

26.7 Mining Methods

The key recommendations relating to mining methods and practices at the Ity Gold Mine are:
• Development of a detailed mobile mining equipment and mine cost model which is
integrated with the output of the mine production schedules;
• To reassess the current mining and processing constraints as incorporated into the mine
scheduling, specifically with respect to those factors which impact sink rates for the smaller
open pits and as the larger pits approach the final pit limits, process plant capacity for given
weathered ore type contributions (notably fresh ore); and
• To update the mining production schedules following completion of updated optimisation
analysis.

26.8 Recovery Methods

The key recommendations relating to Recovery at the Ity Gold Mine are as noted in Section
26.4.

26.9 Market Studies and Contracts

The key recommendations relating to Market Studies and Contracts at the Ity Gold Mine are:
• The determination of silver in the underlying block models; and
• An assessment of the potential demobilisation costs/liabilities to be incurred on cessation of
services.

26.10 Environmental Studies, Permitting and Social or Community Impact

The key recommendations relating to Environmental Studies, permitting and Social or
Community Impact which are planned to be addressed in the forthcoming work programmes
for 2020 and 2021 are:
• Fully align with the international standards and benchmarks;
• Separately define environmental closure costs as at the date of declaration of the Mineral
Reserves and assuming full depletion of the Mineral Reserves, specifically for the latter to
ensure that the scope of the remediation plan extends for all landform extents assumed at
the date of depletion;
• Complete additional site specific testwork, specifically focusing on geochemical analysis
(static and kinetic testing) to define the extent to which Acid Rock Drainage and Metal
Leaching management measures are required as part of the mine closure plan; and
• Quantify and analyse the economic benefit to both the licence holders and the Government.

26.11 Capital and Operating Expenditure

The key recommendations relating to Capital and Operating Expenditure at the Ity Gold Mine
are:

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• To develop a more detailed and integrated LoMp cost model for the key reporting areas of
mining , processing and G&A;
• To incorporate both activity and element-based costing assumptions as the current
approach for cost projections beyond the budget period is largely focused on activity costing
with limited details on the element components of the reporting areas;
• To develop a LoM manpower schedule in order to determine the impact on production build-
ups and tails with respect to the reporting areas;
• To advance the strategic initiatives currently under consideration with a view to incorporating
the results into the 2021 budgeting process; and
• To establish the potential impact of contractor demobilisation and any additional site costs
to be incurred during the closure and post closure monitoring phase.

26.12 Economic Analysis

The key recommendations relating to the Economic Analysis completed for Ity Gold Mine in
support of the Mineral Reserves as reported herein are:
• Completion of economic benefit analysis to include quantification of the economic benefit
attributable to Endeavour and the Government;
• Inclusion in the economic analysis of the physical opening balance of Work in Progress,
specifically for Gold in Circuit and Finished Goods;
• Inclusion of the impact of silver credits, following re-assessment of the geological and mining
models;
• Updating of the economic analysis following refinement of the LoMp cost models for mining,
operating and site G&A expenditures;
• The impact of potential carbon tax charges as currently considered in other countries;
• Refinement and inclusion of retrenchment related expenditures in the economic analysis;
• Quantification of the contractor demobilisation costs and as appropriate incorporation into
the economic analysis; and
• Reassessment mine closure costs for both immediate closure and upon depletion of the
Mineral Reserves following completion of additional technical work to assess geochemistry,
waste encapsulation, post closure water treatment, overall “walk away” objectives and to
further the supporting engineering designs related to the mine closure plan.

26.13 Strategic Initiatives

Ity Gold Mine is presently advancing a number of technical studies to implement a number of
strategic initiatives which include:
• VMI / Consignment applied to >70% of value of inventory to reduce working capital;
• Mill Expert Control (2020);
• Continue with fast-paced drilling programme at Le Plaque to increase Resources, for 2020
planning updates and end of year Reserves process;
• Utilise Powerscreen from Karma to sort detritus from spent heap ore and improve throughput
through the surge bin feeder (in progress);
• Automatic feed and tailings samplers (2020);
• Historian for Scada system (2021);
• Investigate benefits for On-Line Gold Analyser (OLGA) on reagent optimisation (2021);

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• Optimise Pebble Crusher by modifying the SAG Mill discharge trommel grate size in order
to maximise pebble crusher throughput. Also requires review of pebble crusher feed bin
arrangement in order to choke feed (2021);
• Feasibility Study on Recyn, which has a capital cost consideration of US$20m to US$30m,
though potential for significant savings in cyanide consumption, improved gold recovery,
potential recovery of copper (2020); Capital decision and construction (2021-22);
• Ongoing testwork and flowsheet consideration to improve recovery of high Arsenopyrite ore
from Daapleu (2020); Capital decision and construction (2021-22);
• Develop a ‘basic’ truck dispatch system integrating ability to utilise real time data monitoring
available on trucks and excavators (2021);
• Detailed analysis of open pit mining and review of strategy of owner mining vs. contract
mining;
• Deeper drilling at Daapleu to determine potential for underground (post 2020);
• Continue with brownfields drilling around Ity pits and Heap Leach pads to determine most
optimal plan for pit design and sequencing (post 2020); and
• Resource drilling beneath Verse Ouest dump to determine whether to extend TSF in that
direction per current design, versus addition of another cell to the West which will bring
forward relocation of the airstrip (2021.
Accordingly, it is recommended that the above strategic initiate programme is completed, and
the outcomes incorporated into the next LoMp cycle as appropriate.

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27 REFERENCES
Abzalov, M.Z. 2006. Localised Uniform Conditioning (LUC): A New Approach for Direct
Modelling of Small Blocks. Mathematical Geology, 38 (4), pp. 393-411.
Abzalov, M.Z. 2008. Quality Control of Assay Data: A Review of Procedures for Measuring and
Monitoring Precision and Accuracy. Exploration and Mining Geology, 17 (3-4), pp. 131-144.
Beziat, D., Siebenaller, L., Salvi, S. and Chevalier, P. 2016. A weathered skarn-type
mineralisation in Ivory Coast: The Ity gold deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 78, pp. 724-730.
Body, J.B., Mudau, M., Cunningham, G.I., Bosc, R Perez, P., Baker, J., Gauthier, D.,
Larochelle, P., and Sangam, H. 2015. Technical Report for the Ity Gold Mine, Coffey,
Johannesburg, South Africa.
Body and Whittaker. 2014. Ity Mineral Resource Estimation, Coffey Mining, pp. 225.
Febvey, M-C. and Bottero, S. 2013. Rapport de campagne de forage 2013 Prospect Aires
(PE26) – Mines d’Ity, Côte d’Ivoire, SMI Abidjan.
Kouamelan, A. N., Delor, C. and Peucat, J. J. 1997. Geochronological evidence for reworking
of Archean terrains during the Early Proterozoic (2.1 Ga) in the western Côte d’Ivoire (Man Rise
– West African Craton). Precambrian Research, 86, pp. 177-199.
Palanque, 2014. Gisement du Mont Flotouo :Etat des connaissances. Mines d’Ity, Côte d’Ivoire,
SMI Abidjan.
Roux, A.A., Gordon, D.J, Dincer, T., Zammit, M., O’Bryan, P., and Morgan, D.J.T. 2016. Ity CIL
Project, NI 43-101 Technical Report.
Vic, G. and Billa, M. 2015. Geological setting and types of carbonate-hosted gold deposits in
the Birimian of West Africa. SGA Conference, Nancy, France.

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DATE AND SIGNATURE PAGE

The effective date of this report entitled “Technical Report On The Ity Gold Mine, Republic of
Côte d'Ivoire” is 31 December 2019 (the “Technical Report”). The Technical Report has been
prepared for Endeavour Mining Corporation (the “Issuer”) by Salih Ramazan FAusIMM, Gérard
de Hert, EurGeol, Kevin Harris, CPG and Mark Zammit, BSc (Hons), GradCertGeostat, MAIG,
each of whom are qualified persons as defined by NI43-101.

Signed the 15th day of June 2020.

“Signed and Sealed” “Signed and Sealed”

Salih Ramazan Gérard de Hert
__________________________ ___________________________________
Salih Ramazan, FAusIMM. Gérard de Hert, EurGeol.
Vice President – Mine Planning, Senior Vice President – Exploration,
Endeavour Mining Corporation. Endeavour Mining Corporation.

“Signed and Sealed” “Signed and Sealed”

Kevin Harris Mark Zammit
__________________________ ___________________________________
Kevin Harris, CPG. Mark Zammit, BSc (Hons),
Vice President – Resources, GradCertGeostat, MAIG.
Endeavour Mining Corporation. Principal Geologist, Cube Consulting (Pty)
Ltd.

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Endeavour IGM Technical Report, 2020 – Glossary

Glossary

Glossary – Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves

Mineral Resources A Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of solid material of
economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust in such form, grade or quality and
quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic
extraction. The location, quantity, grade or quality, continuity and other
geological characteristics of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or
interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge, including
sampling.
Measured Mineral Resource
A Measured Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which
quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape, and physical characteristics are
estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the application of Modifying
Factors to support detailed mine planning and final evaluation of the
economic viability of the deposit. Geological evidence is derived from
detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing and is sufficient to
confirm geological and grade or quality continuity between points of
observation. A Measured Mineral Resource has a higher level of confidence
than that applying to either an Indicated Mineral Resource or an Inferred
Mineral Resource. It may be converted to a Proven Mineral Reserve or to a
Probable Mineral Reserve.
Indicated Mineral Resource
An Indicated Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which
quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics are
estimated with sufficient confidence to allow the application of Modifying
Factors in sufficient detail to support mine planning and evaluation of the
economic viability of the deposit. Geological evidence is derived from
adequately detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing and is
sufficient to assume geological and grade or quality continuity between points
of observation. An Indicated Mineral Resource has a lower level of
confidence than that applying to a Measured Mineral Resource and may only
be converted to a Probable Mineral Reserve.
Inferred Mineral Resource
An Inferred Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which
quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of limited geological
evidence and sampling. Geological evidence is sufficient to imply but not
verify geological and grade or quality continuity. An Inferred Mineral
Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applying to an Indicated
Mineral Resource and must not be converted to a Mineral Reserve. It is
reasonably expected that the majority of Inferred Mineral Resources could be
upgraded to Indicated Mineral Resources with continued exploration
Modifying Factors Modifying Factors are considerations used to convert Mineral Resources to
Mineral Reserves. These include, but are not restricted to, mining,
processing, metallurgical, infrastructure, economic, marketing, legal,
environmental, social and governmental factors.

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Mineral Reserve A Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured and/or
Indicated Mineral Resource. It includes diluting materials and allowances for
losses, which may occur when the material is mined or extracted and is
defined by studies at Pre-Feasibility or Feasibility level as appropriate that
include application of Modifying Factors. Such studies demonstrate that, at
the time of reporting, extraction could reasonably be justified.
The reference point at which Mineral Reserves are defined, usually the point
where the ore is delivered to the processing plant, must be stated. It is
important that, in all situations where the reference point is different, such as
for a saleable product, a clarifying statement is included to ensure that the
reader is fully informed as to what is being reported.
The public disclosure of a Mineral Reserve must be demonstrated by a Pre-
Feasibility Study or Feasibility Study.
Proven Mineral Reserve
A Proven Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured
Mineral Resource. A Proven Mineral Reserve implies a high degree of
confidence in the Modifying Factors.
Probable Mineral Reserve
A Probable Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of an
Indicated, and in some circumstances, a Measured Mineral Resource. The
confidence in the Modifying Factors applying to a Probable Mineral Reserve
is lower than that applying to a Proven Mineral Reserve

Glossary – Development Stages

Producing Property Mineral assets for which current Ore Reserves are declared and mining and
processing operations have been commissioned and are in production.
Development Property Mineral assets for which Ore Reserves have been declared and are
essentially supported by a minimum of a pre-feasibility study which on a multi-
disciplinary basis demonstrates that the consideration is technically feasible
and economically viable.
Pre-Development Property
Mineral assets for which Mineral Resources have been defined but where a
decision to proceed with development has not been made.
Advanced Exploration Property
Mineral assets for which only Mineral Resources have been declared.
Exploration Property Mineral assets for which no Mineral Resources have been declared.

Glossary – Technical Studies

Feasibility Study A Feasibility Study is a comprehensive technical and economic study of the
selected development option for a mineral project that includes appropriately
detailed assessments of applicable Modifying Factors together with any other
relevant operational factors and detailed financial analysis that are necessary
to demonstrate at the time of reporting that extraction is reasonably justified
(economically mineable). The results of the study may reasonably serve as
the basis for a final decision by a proponent or financial institution to proceed
with, or finance, the development of the project. The confidence level of the
study will be higher than that of a Pre-Feasibility Study.
Preliminary Feasibility Study
A Preliminary Feasibility Study (Pre-Feasibility Study) is a comprehensive

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study of a range of options for the technical and economic viability of a mineral
project that has advanced to a stage where a preferred mining method, in the
case of underground mining, or the pit configuration, in the case of an open
pit, is established and an effective method of mineral processing is
determined. It includes a financial analysis based on reasonable
assumptions on the Modifying Factors and the evaluation of any other
relevant factors which are sufficient for a Competent Person, acting
reasonably, to determine if all or part of the Mineral Resources may be
converted to an Ore Reserve at the time of reporting. A Pre-Feasibility Study
is at a lower confidence level than a Feasibility Study.
Scoping Study A Scoping Study is an order of magnitude technical and economic study of
the potential viability of Mineral Resources. It includes appropriate
assessments of realistically assumed Modifying Factors together with any
other relevant operational factors that are necessary to demonstrate at the
time of reporting that progress to a Pre-Feasibility Study can be reasonably
justified.

Abbreviations
2D Two-Dimensional
3D Three-Dimensional
AARL Anglo American Research Laboratories
AAS Atomic absorption spectroscopy
AC Aircore
ACA Australian Communications Authority
ACV Average coefficient of variation
AD Articulated dump truck
AEL African Explosive Limited
AFD French Development Agency
Ai Abrasion index
AIF Annual Information Forms
AISC All in sustaining cost
ANAC Autorite Nationale de l'Aviation Civile de Cote d'Ivoire
Guidelines on Tailings Dams: Planning, Design, Construction, Operation
ANCOLD 2012
and Closure
ANDE Affiliated National Environmental Agency
ANFO Ammonium nitrate/fuel oil
AR Argiles Reduites
ARC Air core reverse circulation
ARDML Acid rock drainage and metal leaching
Arethuse Arethuse Geology Sarl
ARO Asset-retirement-obligation
AO Argiles Oxides
AOR Redox front saprolite
AOS Iron oxide and manganese rich saprolite
AOX sandy saprolites
AusIMM Australian Institute of Mining Metallurgy
Barrick Barrick Gold Corporation
BIFs Banded iron formations
BCM Bank cubic meter
BCEAO Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
BDGO Bouéré Dohoun Gold Operations SA
BEAC Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale
BFA Batter face angle
BIOX Bacterial oxidation
BMT Blast movement simulation technology
BRGM Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières
BWi Bond Ball Mill Work Index
CCTV Closed-circuit television

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CIE Compagnie Ivoiriennne d’Electricite

CI-ENERGIES La Société des Energies de Côte d’Ivoire
CDUP Coarse duplicates
CFA Central African Franc
CIE Compagnie Ivoiriennne d’Electricite
CIF Carriage Insurance and Freight
CIL Carbon In Leach
CIM Canadian Institute of Mining
Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum on Valuation of
CIMVAL
Mineral Properties
CIT Corporate income tax
CMF Consensus market forecasts
Coffey Coffey Mining (South Africa) Pty Ltd
COG Cut-off grade
CoS Change of Support
CoV Coefficient of Variation
CNWAD Cyanide Weak Acid Dissociable
CPI Consumer price inflation
CPINF Constant consumer price inflation
CPG Chartered Professional Geologist
CRM Certified reference material
CRV Certified Reference Value
Cube or Cube
Cube Consulting Pty Ltd
Consulting
D1, D2, D3 Deformational events
DAP Delivered at Place
DBMS Database Management System
DD or DDH Diamond Drilling
DDP Delivered Duty Place
DFS Definitive Feasibility Study
DGPS Differential Global Positioning System
DOR Declared ore mined
DTH Down-the-hole
DTM Digital Terrain map
DWi Drop Weight index
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
ECX Estimation Control System
EGL Effective grinding length
EGR Effective gold recovery
EIA Environmental impact assessment
EITI Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
EMS Environmental management system
EPCM Engineering, Procurement, Construction Management
EoR Engineer of Record
ESG Environmental, Social and Governance
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMP Environment and Social Management Plan
FAI First Aid Injuries
FEL Front End Loader
FIMMM Fellow of the Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining
FIP Fire indication panel
FG Finished goods
FS Feasibility Study
FTE Forages Technic-Eau Burkina SARL
G&A General and Administrative
GC Grade Control
GHG Greenhouse gas
GIC Gold in circuit
GIIP Good International Industry Practice
GIS Geographic information system

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GPS Global positioning system

GRI Global Reporting Initiative
H Horizontal
HDPE High-density polyethylene
HFO Heavy fuel oil
HGO Houndé Gold Operation SA
HGO High grade ore
HHL Houndé Holdings Ltd
HME Heavy Mining Equipment
HQ PQ core diameter 63.5mm
HSMS Health and safety management system
ICMM International Council on Mining and Metals
ICOLD International Committee on Large Dams
ICP Inductively coupled plasma
IFC International Finance Corporation
ILR Intensive leach reactor
ID Identification
IDW Inverse Distance Weighting
IP Induced Polarization
IRA Inter ramp angles
ISCOG In-situ cut-off grade
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ITS Interconnected Transmission System
Kal Tire Kal Tire Mining Services
KNA Kriging Neighbourhood Analysis
KP Knight Piesold
LCP Life Cycle Planning
LCRS Leakage collection and recovery system
LF Lateritic clay
LFO Light fuel oil
LG Lateritic gravel
LGO Low grade ore
LIBOR London Interbank Overnight Rate
LIMS Laboratory Information Management System
LM Mixed laterites
LoMp Life of Mine Plan
LOS latch-off-stop
LMCI La Mancha Côte d’Ivoire S.à r.l.
LRS Liquid Resistor Starters
LSGO Low Sulphur Gas Oil
LT Mottled laterites
LTIs Lost Time Injuries
LTIFR Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate
LTP Long Term Price
LUC Localised Uniform Conditioning
LW LeachWell
Ma Million years
MAIG Member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists
MCC Motor control centres
MEDD Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Developmen
MEEVCC Ministry of the Green Economy and Climate Change
MFIP Master fire detection panel
MGO Medium grade ore
Mont Ity to Walter Mont Ity, Ity Flat, Tontouo and Walter
MRE Mineral Resource estimate
MSA Mine services area
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NDT Non-destructive tested
NI 43-101 National Instrument 43-101
NN Nearest Neighbour

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NPV Net present value

NQ NQ core diameter 47.6mm
NSR Net Smelter Return
OCOG Operational or run of mine cut-off grade
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturers’
OIT Operator interface terminal
OK Ordinary kriging
OS Optimization Study
OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
OSH Occupational safety and health
P Passing
PAR Population at risk
PCR Planned Component Replacement
PCS Process control system
PDL Local Development Plan
PDUP Pulp duplicates
PEA Preliminary Economic Assessment
PGA Peak ground acceleration
PLC Programmable logic controller
PMF Probable Maximum Flood
POA Peter O’Bryan and Associates
POX Pressure Oxidation
PQ PQ core diameter 85mm
PRI Preg-robbing index
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
QA Quality assurance
QA-QC Quality assurance–quality control
QC Quality Control
OIT Operator interface terminals
QKNA Quantitative Kriging Neighbourhood Analysis
QP Qualified Person
Q-Q Quantile-Quantile
RAB Percussion Rotary Air Blast
RAP Relocation Action Plan
RC Reverse Circulation
RC-DD Reverse circulation percussion with diamond core tail
RDI Resistivity Depth Images
RDV Resource Development
RED Residual, Erosional, Depositional
RL Relative Elevation
RoM Run of Mine
RPD Relative paired difference
RTS Robotic total station
S0, S1, S2 Structural fabric(s)
SABC SAG and ball mill milling with a recycle pebble crushing facility
SAG Semi-autogenous grinding
Sap Saprolite
SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition
SD Standard Deviation
SEAL Strong sericite alteration zone
SED Slip Energy Recovery
SG Specific Gravity
SGS Société Générale de Surveillance
SMBS Sodium metabisulphite
SMC SAG Mill Comminution
SMD Société des Mines de Daapleu
SMI Société des Mines d'Ity
SMU Selective mining unit
SNC SNC-Lavalin Inc.
SO Sub Ore

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SRK SRK Consulting (UK) Limited

Tau Calculated Time Constant
TCO Total Cost of Ownership
TEC Total Employees Costed
TEPs Technical-economic parameters
TFA Tails Fire Assay
TMI Total magnetic intensity
TSF Tailings Storage facility
TSX Toronto Stock Exchange
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
US$ United States Dollar
US$m Million United States Dollar
UC Uniform Conditioning
UV Ultra Violet
V Vertical
VAT Value Added Tax
VOIP Voice Over Internet Protocol
VPSA Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption
VSD Variable Speed Drive
VTEM Versatile Time Domain Electromagnetic
WACC Weight adjusted cost of capital
WAD Weak acid dissociable cyanide
WAEMU West African Economic and Monetary Union
WIP Work in progress
WRD Waste rock dump
WRIM Wound Rotor Induction Motors
WSD Water Storage Dam
XLPE Cross-linked polyethylene
XOF West African franc

Units
° Degree
% Percent
w/w weight for weight
A Amp
A$ Australian Dollar
C Celsius
CFA Coopération financière en Afrique centrale’ or central African Franc
cm Centimeter
C$ Canadian Dollar
d Day
€ Euro
g/t Grams per tonne
GW Giga Watt
Gt Giga tonnes
h Hour
ha Hectare
hp Horse Power
Hz Hertz
ID2 Inverse distance squared
kg Kilogram
km Kilometre
km2 Kilometre Square
koz Thousand troy ounces
kt Thousand tonnes
kV Kilo Volt
kVA Kilo Volt Amps

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kW Kilo Watt
kWh Kilo Watt hour
L Litre
m Meter
M Molar unit
µm micron
m2 Square Meter
m3 Cubic Meter
ML Mega Litre
min Minutes
ML Mega Litre
mm Millimetre
MPa Mega Pascal
Mt Million tonnes
Mtpa Million tonnes per annum
MVA Megavolt Amperes
MW Mega Watts
oz Troy ounce
Pa Pascal
pa Per annum
ppb Parts per billion
ppm Parts per million
Q Quarter year
t/m3 Tonnes per meter cubed
tpy Tonnes per Year
t Metric tonne
tph Tonnes per hour
US$ United States Dollar
US$m Million United States Dollar
V Volt
XOF CFA BEAC or West African franc

Chemical Formula
Al Aluminum
Ag Silver
As Arsenic
Au Gold
Ba Barium
Be Beryllium
Bi Bismuth
Ca Calcium
Cd Cadmium
Co Cobalt
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
Cr Chromium
Cu Copper
Fe Iron
HCl Hydrogen Chloride or Hydrochloric acid
Hg Mercury
HNO3 Nitric Acid
K Potassium
La Lanthanum,
Li Lithium
Mg Magnesium
Mn Manganese
Mo Molybdenum

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Na Sodium
NaCN Sodium Cyanide
NaOH Sodium hydroxide
Nb Niobium
Ni Nickel
OCN Cyabate
P Phosphorus
Pb Lead
S Sulfur
Sb Antimony
Sc Scandium
SiO2 Silica Dioxide
SO2 Sulfur Dioxide
Sn Tin
Sr Strontium
Te Tellurium
Ti Titanium
V Vanadium
W Tungsten
Y Yttrium
Z Zinc
Zr Zirconium

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Endeavour IGM Technical Report, 2020 – QP Certificates

I Salih Ramazan, Fellow of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, as an author of this report
entitled “Technical Report On The Ity Gold Mine, Republic of Côte d'Ivoire” dated effective date 31
December 2019 (the “Technical Report”) prepared for Endeavour Mining Corporation (the “Issuer”)
do hereby certify that:
1. I am the Vice President – Mine Planning of the Endeavour Mining Corporation located at 5
Young Street, London, England, United Kingdom.
2. This certificate applies to the Technical Report entitled “Technical Report On The Ity Gold Mine,
Republic of Côte d'Ivoire”, dated effective date 31 December 2019 (the “Technical Report”).
3. I graduated with a Bachelor in Mining Engineering from the Middle East Technical University,
Ankara, Turkey in 1992; Master of Science (Mining Engineering) from the Colorado School of
Mines, Golden, United States of America., in 1996; a Master of Engineering (Geostatistics) from
Ecole Nationale Supérieure Des Mines de Paris, French Republic; a Doctor of Philosophy
(Mining Engineering) from the Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Unites States of America, in
2001; a Master in Finance from Curtin University, Perth, Commonwealth of Australia.
4. I am a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (FAusIMM – 222870).
5. I have practiced my profession continuously since 2001 and have 19 years’ experience in the
mining industry and have significant experience in respect of mine design, planning and
scheduling and metalliferous mining including gold deposits.
6. I am directly responsible for the generation of the Mineral Reserves for Ity Gold Mine which is
the subject matter of this Technical Report.
7. As a result of my experience and qualifications, I am a Qualified Person as defined in National
Instrument 43-101.
8. I have visited Ity Gold Mine on numerous occasions with my most recent visit occurring on 2-
13 September 2019.
9. I was directly responsible for Sections 15 and 16 and I am responsible for the preparation or
supervising the preparation of Items (Sections) 1, 2, 3, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26
and 27 in the technical report.
10. I am not independent of the Issuer in accordance with the application of Section 1.5 of National
Instrument 43-101.
11. I have read NI 43‐101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, Form 43‐101F1 Technical
Reports, and Companion Policy 43‐101CP and the items for which I am responsible in this
report entitled, “Technical Report On The Ity Gold Mine, Republic of Côte d'Ivoire”, with an
effective date of 31 December 2019, has been prepared in compliance with same.
12. At the effective date of the technical report, to the best of my knowledge, information and belief,
the items of the Technical Report that I was responsible for contain all scientific and technical
information that is required to be disclosed to make the technical report not misleading.

Dated at 5 Young Street, London, England, United Kingdom, this 15th of June 2020.

“Signed and Sealed”

Salih Ramazan
______________________
Salih Ramazan, FAusIMM.
Vice President – Mine Planning,
Endeavour Mining Corporation.

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Endeavour IGM Technical Report, 2020 – QP Certificates

I Gérard de Hert, Fellow of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, as an author of this report
entitled “Technical Report On The Ity Gold Mine, Republic of Côte d'Ivoire” dated effective date 31
December 2019 (the “Technical Report”) prepared for Endeavour Mining Corporation (the “Issuer”)
do hereby certify that:
1. I am the Senior Vice President – Exploration of the Endeavour Mining Corporation located at 5
Young Street, London, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2. This certificate applies to the Technical Report entitled “Technical Report On The Ity Gold Mine,
Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, Republic Of Burkina Faso”, dated effective date 31 December 2019
(the “Technical Report”).
3. I graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Geology (1995) and a Master of Science in Mineralogy
& Geology (1996) from the Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium, and a Master of Science in
Mineral Exploration from the University of Leicester in 2001.
4. I am a European Geologist (EurGeol – 1046) with the European Federation of Geologists.
5. Chartered Professional Geologist (CPG-11639) with the American Institute of Professional
Geologists and a Professional Member of the Society of Mining Engineers.
6. I have practiced my profession continuously since 1995 and have 25 years’ experience in the
mining industry and have significant experience in exploration an geological aspects in respect
of gold deposits.
7. As a result of my experience and qualifications, I am a Qualified Person as defined in National
Instrument 43-101.
8. I have visited Ity Gold Mine on numerous occasions with my most recent visit occurring on 14-
16 January 2020.
9. I was directly responsible for Sections: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 23 as reported in the Technical Report
with effective date of 31 December 2019.
10. I am not independent of the Issuer in accordance with the application of Section 1.5 of National
Instrument 43-101.
11. I have read NI 43‐101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, Form 43‐101F1 Technical
Reports, and Companion Policy 43‐101CP and the items for which I am responsible in this
report entitled, “Technical Report On The Ity Gold Mine, Republic of Côte d'Ivoire”, with an
effective date of 31 December 2019, has been prepared in compliance with same.
12. At the effective date of the technical report, to the best of my knowledge, information and belief,
the items of the Technical Report that I was responsible for contain all scientific and technical
information that is required to be disclosed to make the technical report not misleading.

Dated at 5 Young Street, London, England, United Kingdom, this 15th of June 2020.

“Signed and Sealed”

Gérard de Hert
_____________________________
Gérard de Hert, EurGeol.
Senior Vice President – Exploration,
Endeavour Mining Corporation.

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Endeavour IGM Technical Report, 2020 – QP Certificates

I Kevin Harris, Fellow of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, as an author of this report
entitled “Technical Report On The Ity Gold Mine, Republic of Côte d'Ivoire” dated effective date 31
December 2019 (the “Technical Report”) prepared for Endeavour Mining Corporation (the “Issuer”)
do hereby certify that:
1. I am the Vice President – Resources of the Endeavour Mining Corporation located at 5 Young
Street, London, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2. This certificate applies to the Technical Report entitled “Technical Report On The Ity Gold Mine,
Republic of Côte d'Ivoire”, dated effective date 31 December 2019 (the “Technical Report”).
3. I graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Geological Engineering (1980) and a Master of
Science in Geology (1991) at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City,
South Dakota, United States of America.
4. I am a Chartered Professional Geologist (CPG-11639) with the American Institute of
Professional Geologists and a Professional Member of the Society of Mining Engineers.
5. I have practiced my profession continuously since 1991 and have 29 years’ experience in the
mining industry. I have worked extensively in exploration, resource definition, mine geology,
mine engineering and operations. I have been involved in West Africa exploration and resource
definition since 2010.
6. I am directly responsible for the generation of the Mineral Resources for Ity Gold Mine which is
the subject matter of this Technical Report specifically for following deposits, Colline Sud
Deposit and the Le Plaque Deposit.
7. As a result of my experience and qualifications, I am a Qualified Person as defined in National
Instrument 43-101.
8. I have visited Ity Gold Mine on numerous occasions with my most recent visit occurring on 29-
31 January 2019.
9. I was directly responsible for Sections: 10, 11, 12 and for Section 14 other than those related
to the Mont Ity to Walter, Bakatouo, Daapleu, Zia NE, Gbéitouo, Aires, Verse Ouest, and
Techraie Mineral Resources with effective date of 31 December 2019.
10. I am not independent of the Issuer in accordance with the application of Section 1.5 of National
Instrument 43-101.
11. I have read NI 43‐101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, Form 43‐101F1 Technical
Reports, and Companion Policy 43‐101CP and the items for which I am responsible in this
report entitled, “Technical Report On The Ity Gold Mine, Republic of Côte d'Ivoire”, with an
effective date of 31 December 2019, has been prepared in compliance with same.
12. At the effective date of the technical report, to the best of my knowledge, information and belief,
the items of the Technical Report that I was responsible for contain all scientific and technical
information that is required to be disclosed to make the technical report not misleading.
Dated at 5 Young Street, London, England, United Kingdom, this 15th of June 2020.

“Signed and Sealed”

Kevin Harris
__________________________
Kevin Harris, CPG.
Vice President – Resources,
Endeavour Mining Corporation.

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Endeavour IGM Technical Report, 2020 – QP Certificates

I Mark Zammit, Member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists (“MAIG”), as an author of this report
entitled “Technical Report On The Ity Gold Mine, Republic of Côte d'Ivoire” dated effective date 31
December 2019 (the “Technical Report”) prepared for Endeavour Mining Corporation (the “Issuer”)
do hereby certify that:
1. am an employee (Principal Consultant Geologist) of Cube Consulting Pty Ltd, located at 1111
Hay Street, West Perth 6005, Western Australia, Commonwealth of Australia.
2. This certificate applies to the Technical Report entitled “Technical Report On The Ity Gold Mine,
Republic of Côte d'Ivoire”, dated effective date 31 December 2019 (the “Technical Report”).
3. I hold a Bachelor of Science degree with Honours (Geology major) from the University of
Western Australia (1992), a Post Graduate Diploma in Business (Management Studies) from
Edith Cowan University (2005) and a Graduate Certificate in Geostatistics from Edith Cowan
University (2008).
4. I am a Member (3843) of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists (“MAIG”).
5. I have practiced my profession continuously since 1992 and have 28 years’ experience in the
mining industry. During that time, I have worked in open pit and underground mining operations
and geological consulting. I have experience in multiple commodities including precious and
base metals.
6. I am directly responsible for the generation of the Mineral Resources for the Ity deposits (except
Colline Sud and Le Plaque deposits) as part of the Ity Gold Mine.
7. As a result of my experience and qualifications, I am a Qualified Person as defined in National
Instrument 43-101.
8. I have visited Ity Gold Mine on numerous occasions with my most recent visit occurring on 17
to 23 January 2019.
9. I was directly responsible for Sections 12 and 14 specifically for the Ity deposits (except Colline
Sud and Le Plaque deposits) as part of the Ity Gold Mine.
10. I am independent of the Issuer in accordance with the application of Section 1.5 of National
Instrument 43-101.
11. I have read NI 43‐101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, Form 43‐101F1 Technical
Reports, and Companion Policy 43‐101CP and the items for which I am responsible in this
report entitled, “Technical Report On The Ity Gold Mine, Republic of Côte d'Ivoire”, with an
effective date of 31 December 2019, has been prepared in compliance with same.
12. At the effective date of the technical report, to the best of my knowledge, information and belief,
the items of the Technical Report that I was responsible for contain all scientific and technical
information that is required to be disclosed to make the technical report not misleading.

Dated at L4/1111 Hay St, West Perth, Western Australia, 6005, Commonwealth of Australia, this 15th
of June 2020.

“Signed and Sealed”

Mark Zammit
_____________________________________
Mark Zammit,
Principal Geologist, Cube Consulting (Pty) Ltd.,
BSc (Hons), GradCertGeostat, MAIG.

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