Q.1 Find the order of the following matrices. It has 2 rows & 2 columns that’s why its order is 2 - by -2 Ls Ithas 2 rows & 2 columns. So, its order is 2- by -2 c=[2 4] It has | row and 2 columns. So, its order is 1 — by -2 It has 3 rows and 1 column. So, its order is 3 ~ by -1 a d E=|b e e f It has 3 rows and 2 columns. So, its order is 3 — by -2 F=[2] Ithas 1 row & 1 column. So, its order is 1- by -1 0 3 2 G=1 2 5 ANY It has 3 rows and 3 columns. So, its order is 32iesaeal| H| 10 6} It has 2 rows & 3 columns. So, its order is 2- by -3 Q.2 Which one of the following matrices are equal? ) A=f], 2 = B=B 5]. 3) c= [5-2] 4) 5) _ 4 0] 9 ~ 6 2} 2) G= call 8) "1343 -2) 9 1=[3 342] 10) “0 Solution: Order of A=[3] is equal to Order of C =[5—2] Order of B=[3 S]is equal to Order of I=[3 3+ 2] Order of C = [5—2] is equal to Order of A =[3] D=[5 3] has no equal matrix. 40 - E= has equal matrices. 6 2} 40 [eae ae one of >=] 11 is equal to Order of J= | ~~ | [244 240 2 _ Order of F= [ | is equal to Order of G = |> 3] 6 [3+3Q.3. Find the values of a, b, ¢ & d. ate a+2b) [0 -7 c-1 4d-6| [3 42d Solution: As Matrices are equal so their corresponding entries are same a+e=0>(I) at+2b=-7 (2) c-1=3>(3) dd —6=+2d (4) Solving 3“ equation Solving 1* equation c-1=3 ate=0 e=341 at4=0 c=4 a=-4 Solving 2" equation Solving 4" equation at+2b=-7 4d —6 =2d -4+2b=-7 -6 =2d-4d 2b=-7 +4 -6 =-2d 6, +2,can Q.1 Identify the following matrices. 00 00 It’s all members are 0. So, it’s a null matrix. B=[2 3 4] It has only 1 row. So, it’s a row matrix 4 0 6 It has only 1 column. So, it’s a column matrix, 1 0] D= 0 1) Itis an identity matrix because its diagonal entries are | and non-diagonal entries are zero E= [0] It has only 0. So, it’s a null matrix Tt has only 1 column. So, it’s a column matrix, Q.2_ Identify the following matrices. a 8 27 ) 12.0 4 Its number of rows & columns are not equal. So, it’s a rectangular matrixQ@) 1 It has only one column. So, it’s a column matrix. 6 -4 @) [ 3-2 The number of rows & columns are equal. So, it’s a square matrix. Identity matrix ~ Because Diagonal entries are | and non-diagonal entries are 0 6) wee aa Ww Number of rows & columns are not equal. So, it’s a rectangular matrix. (6) [3 10 -1] It’s a row matrix because it has only | row 1 |0 0 Column matrix because it has only one column. 1 (8) | -1 00 Square matrix because number of rows & columns are equal a 2 - oe 0 0] 0) |0 0 0 0} Null matrix because all elements are 0 Q.3 Identify the matrices. are 0] “(Lo 4] Scalar- matrix because it non-diagonal entries are 0 & diagonal entries are same2 0 Q) a-[; | Diagonal matrix because its non-diagonal entries are 0. eno - {ol Unit matrix because diagonal-entries are | (4) -[3 9] 0 o| Diagonal matrix because non-diagonal are 0 ‘) E= [5-3 0 oO +l Scalar- because diagonal are same Q.4 Find the negative of matrices. 2-6 -3 72 (y) A=/0 oo) 1 1) fal -A=-| 0 |=| 0 Q.5__ Find the transpose.Toy 12 Y F[; | fel 3 4) B=[5 1 6] ¥=[5 1 6] [ ] 3 5 . ify if A= Q6 Verify ifA=| 5 | BY Lo 1) ~6 () (AN'=A Solution: (A'= 0 = ~ fl 23 _[} oT e-|; -1 0 Y-L, 3 Pee (y-[ 4] -f23 (4)=4 aa Ons Hence Proved. f2 37 D'= 0 ‘| : _ [2 0] Gi) (B') =B » + 5] Solution: (B') =(B') =8 Hence provedise 1.3 Q.1 Which of the following are conformable for addition? 10 241 c=|2 -1 >| | 3 ieee 3.2 =| 141-4 342 241 Solution: In the above matrices following matrices are suitable for addition. () —Aand E are conformable for addition because their order is same and both are square matrix. (ii) Band D are conformable for addition because the order is same i.e. they have two rows and | Columns and both are rectangular matrices. C and F are conformable for addition because their order is same i.e. they have three 3 rows and 2 columns and they are a rectangular matrix, Q.2 Find the additive inverse of the lo -1 following matrices: @ Belo 13 24 3.201 a | 2 | 10-1 Solution: ion: B=}2-1 3 Additive inverse of a matrix is 3 1 negative matrix Its additive inverse is ly Opel 42-13 fey oy I 101 -B=|2 1 3 pees4] : 4 Solution: C= 2 _f-ix4 © [-1x-2 ie @ D=|-3 2 2 1] a) Solution: D=|-3 -2 201 ‘The additive inverse is 1 0 -1x1 -1x0] -D=-|-3 -2]=|-1x-3 -1x-2 201 1x2 -1x1 | 1 0 =D) 3me2 2a 1 Solution: E = a The additive inverse of the given matrix is: 1 0) _[-1x1 -1x0] are - 0 1} [-1x0 -1x1 [5 4] © pe|B } [-1 v2] 31 Solution: / = aint =[ Its additive inverse is = 31 -1 V2] -Ixv3 0 -1x1 -1x-1 -1xJ2 pe) aul L 1 -v2] Q3 fA = | . ae if 123 are ae eres , l | [: 0 | then find. | 11] Solution: 4 + 11] -1 2 As A = 21 < 11 So, A + 11 -1 2 1d = + 201 1d The order of matrix A and the given matrix order is same. So, they can be added easily -1+1 241 “L241 141 fo 3] [3 2} 2 Gi) B+ [| . 2 wn[]2 So, B+ 1] [-2 =| |+ -1) [3 The order of both above matrices are same, so, they can be easily added. _fi+(2)]_f 2 “[-143 JFL 3] 2 (ii) C+[2 1 3] Solution: C + [-2 1 3] AsC = [I -1 2] So, C + [-2 1 3] =[I -1 2]+[-2 1 3] Their orders are same so they can added =[1+(-2) -1+(1) 2+3] =[1-2 -1+1 5] =[-1 0 5] Their orders are same. So, they can be added. f1+0 241 34+0 ~[-142 040 241 fl 3 3 103 (vy) 24 Solution: 24 [P1] As A= 21 So, 24 -1 2]_[2-1) 2x2] “er HG 2x1 2 4 “L4 2 (vi) (-1)B Solution: (-1)B ve So, (-1)B =(-1)x ‘| “(oes {7 (vil) (2)C Solution: (-2)C AsC=[l -1 2] So, (-2)C =(-2)x[1 -1 2] “LO (2-9 -22)] =[-2 2 -4] (viii) 3D Solution: 32 1 2 3 As D= Leal L 2 So, 3D 123 “O_o | [3x1 3x2 3x3 © [3x-1 3x0 3x2369 [3.0 ‘| (ix) 3C Solution: 3C AsC=[l -1 2] So, 3C =(3)x[1 -1 2] [Bx 3x-1 3x2] =B -3 6] Q.4 Perform the indicated operations and simplify the following: (fi 0} fo 2}) fai © (eho dhe Solution: (| aoe at o 1} [3 of) _fl+0 0+2] [1 1 “lors 140 ]"[1 0 1 ‘| [i 4 = + 3.1} lo _ real - 0 “41 oe fl o] (fo 2] fi 1) (ii) + o 1} [3 o} [1 of} Solution: 1 0] (: ;] F 1] = + - | o 1) 3 of lt of) fi 0) fo 2-1 ~[o 1} [3-1 0-0 1 1 _fi-1 o+1 ~(0+2 140 di) [2 3 Ie(l 0 2} Solution: =[2 3 1]+[I-2 0-2 [2 3 t+[-1 -2 0] =[2-1 3-2 1-0] | (iv) 1 on 1 2 3 Solution: 3 1 0 1 w) /2 “1 Hen = q wv Solution: 12 341 -1+2 -142 142 2-1 2 2 2) wn = on(fi 2).f2 1 vi ' a (lo 1} lo Solution: [es rah ‘| “| Th | aaa -| 44 ye! 1 3 Q.5 Forthe matrices A=|2 3 1), 1 0 -1 0 0 C=|0 -2 3|, verify the i ih following rules: (i) A+C=C+aA Solutions: L.H.S = A+C RH.S=Ct+A LHS= A+C ceeeeereee Seeeeeeeeeeeel =|2 3 1|+]/0 -2 3 1-1 0} [1 1 2 1-1 2+0 3+0 See ae 1+3 1+] 1+1 0+2 023 =|2 14 202 RHS= C+A -1 0 0] f1 2 3 =|0 -2 3/+/2 3 1 1 1 2} [1 -1 0 I+1 0+2 O+3 rrrreee rr 3+1 l41 1-1 2-0 i wv orn mon A+C=C+A Hence proved LHS=RHS (ii) | A+B=B+A Solution; A+ B=B+A LHS = A+B RHS=B+A LHS= A+B 12 3) fi -11 1]+|2 -2 2 o| [3 1 3 2-1 4341 3-2 142 -1+1 0+3 4 3 a RHS= B+A. 1) ft 2 3] 2)+]2 3 1 3] [3 -1 0 -1+2 143 -243 241 Il 3-0 4 3 A+B=B+A Hence proved LHS=RHS (i) B+C=C+B Solution: B+C=C+B LHS =B+C RHS=C+B LHS =B+C -l 1 -1 0 0 2 2|4/0 -2 13 4 on1-1 -1+0 1+0] =|2+0 -2-2 243 3+1 1+] 342] RHS B+C=C+B Hence proved (iv) 4+(B+A)=24+ er = B Solution: 4+ (B+ A)=24+B LH RHS =2A+B L.H.S= A+ (B+A) 1 o-l =|2 3 1|+||2 -2 ee As (BA) 3°03 7 =|6 44 5-13 LHS-RHS A+ (B+A) =2A+B Hence proved (VY) (C-B)+ A=C+(A+B) Solution: (C —B)+4=C+(4+B) LHS = (C-B) +A RHS=CHA-B) LHS =(C-B) +A 0 oj} fi a 1 v 1 ob eye i = won ow l een oN LHS=RHS (C-B)+A=C+ (A-B) Hence proved (Vi) 244+ B=A+(A+B) Solution: 24+ B= A+(A+B) LHS =2A+B RHS = A+ (A+B) LHS= 2A+B=a oma a oma ~ a o T oF eg- aa aes To- - One —_ te —— a a! + c + oe Slon =a Sea ~=an Baa TI 5 a yay? o on 9 flow e a Poa a ae su see Tt 9 ode TU = 6 Ga an “uty V o@>en a ! can oO mos OPER am hoan oa # Fb Se dice ao" Ten oma’ Faa yo Tite aay t+ — i ann agg Sfunye re —* Fen eene gto oa aya tp Eee 4 Seg” + om z Tom _ i jYE ~ gies ° Keno tT to Haan T SoS ° ano ote ~¢ cee fe 1 oT TT a o art Ht H = a at + & 2 imal acer Loe a gs £ eg Saas | aaa aie T 7 7 2a 7 0 1 T n —* wo) ae an =a topo BS -an _ a Ls = a «| | = =a =e Sy aa ES = mm = lin) i zoe Ban 7 S a a) 2 “= —— “ws E — =a See wot este iy ae a ro Zk te — woot (A+B)=A4B" Hence Proved (i) (4-B) = 4-8 Solution: (4—B)' = 4’ — BY LHS =(A-B)' RHS=A'-Bt LHS= (A — B)!for [2 1 wey! ‘| 11 LHS=RHS (A-B)= ASB! Hence proved ) AFA’ isa symmetric Solution: A+A’ is a symmetric To show that 4-4 is symmetric, we will show that (4+4) =(4+4) Ji 2]f1 0 o 1} [24 _[itt 240 012 1H 12 2] AtA'= [2 2) acarele 7 22 _[2 >| (AFA‘)'=(AtA‘) Hence Proved A+A! symmetric vie (iv) A—A'is. a skew symmetric Solution: 4— 4’ To show that 4-4’ is skew symmetric we will show that (AA'Y=1A-A) Hence proved A A‘is a skew symmetric (v) B+ B'is asymmetric Solution: B+ B The show that B+B'is symmetric we will show that (B+ BY =(B+B') fi aypi ay aoe [Doles al {2 0} [2 0 11] fi 2 = + 2 of 1 o 141 142 © [241 0+0 23 B+B= 30 (asey-[} 3] f (B+) -(B +B")Hence proved B > Bisa symmetric (vi) B—B' is a skew symmetric Solution: B— 3° To show that B ~ B'is skew symmetric, we will show that (B-B'y' =-(B-B) 1 1) fi 17 aw -| - 2 0} [2 o| fi 1) fi 2] 20) 10 ae 1 0) (BBY =-(B-B) Hence proved B—B'isa skew symmetric.Q.1 Which of the following product of matrices if conformable for multiplication? 0 1 -1][-2 p o 2\13 Yes, these matrices can be multiplied because number of columns of 1* matrix is equal to number of rows of 2™! matrix. _ fl 12 1] @ ti oft 3f Yes, these matrices can be multiplied because number of columns of 1% matrix is equal to number of rows of 2"! matrix 1/0 1 1 1 2 No, these matrices cannot be multiplied because number of columns of 1“ matrix is not equal to the number of rows of 2" matrix. 1 2] (iv o =! ° 7 B 012 -1 2 Yes, these matrices can be multiplied because number of columns of I" matrix is equal to number of rows of 2" matrix. ” rape 2 v) 2 o 1 -l 2 Yes, these matrices can be multiplied because number of columns of 1* matrix is equal to number of rows of 2™ matrix. 2 oye ° 2s @ - ; Solution: AB = | (x6) +(0x5) une =1x6)+ (2x5)(i) BA (if possible) Solution: BA is not possible became number of columns of B not equal to number of rows of A Q.3 Find the following products @ [I al| Solution:[1 als| = [(x4)+(2x0)] =f] “4 (ii) 1 aj ‘ Solution:[ | =[(x5)+(2x-4)] =[5+(-8)] (ii) [3 al| Solution: [-3 al | =[(-3«4)+(0x0)] =[-12+0] =[-12 4 (iv) [6 0] ‘| 4 Solution: [6 0] ‘| [6 +0] 4 0 = [6x 4+(-0)(0)] =[24-0] [4] 12 45 Solution: | -3 0 0-4 6 al oe 14420 1x5+2x(-4) | 3x44+0x0 — -3(5)+0x(-4) L6(4)+(-1)(0)_6(5)+(-1)(-4) 440 5-8 =|-12+0 -15-0 24-0 30+4 43 “12-15 24 34 Q.4 Multiply the following matrices. 23 2-1 tot @) [; 3] 02 2 3 Solution: : 1 E aI 3.0 o 2 2%2+(3x3) — (2x-1)+(3x0) (1x2)+(1x3)— (1x-1)+(1x0) (0x2)+(-2x3) (0x-1)+(-2x0) [4+9 -2+0 =| 243 a 0+-6 0401 2 (b) (: sf ‘ 4.5 6] 7 -11 I 3 |: 2 Solution: 34 45 al -1 1] s\eeceean reveal (41) +(5x3)+(61), (4x2) +(5xd) +(6xd) 1+6+( 24843 [ee ross| 7-3 13 |r 6 a “lis | Solution: | 3 -l (x1) +(2x4) (1x2)+(2x5) (1x3) +(2x6) =| (3x1) +(4x4) (3x2)4(45) (3x3)+(4x6) (1x1) +(x) (-1x2)+(1x5) (-1x3) +(1x6) 2+10 3412 3416 6420 9424 -144 -245 -3+6 ere | (d) 4 4} Solution: F ‘I: | (8x2)+(5x-4) (s S} (x4) (6%2)+(4x-4) (o--5)- (4x4) 16+(-20) —=+20 —30 12+(-16) | ie a3 Ts 2-16 —15+16 | ale (e) -1 2/0 0 Solution: [> ale «| [ey ed (1x0)+(3x0) — (1x0)+(3x0) _[0+0 0+0 o5 ol _fo 0 [0 0 s wed lel) 2 QS Metaal s ofF la 5 and ef} i] verify whether () — AB=BA Solution: AB = BA L.H.S = AB RH.S =BA LHS =AB | us“Pahl 3] [rare Creer (2x1)+(0-3) (2«2)+(0-3) 1+(-9) -2+(- 9) 24+0 4+0 [ a4 f -10 -17 2 wows Tx(-1)+2x2 13-420 “]-3x(-1)+(-8)2, 33 4(- ma -1+4 3+0 3-10 -9-0 [3 Since LH.S4RHS LHS#RHS LHS4RHS 7” Gi) A(BC)=(4B)C Solution: 4(BC) =(AB)C LHS =A (BC) RHS =(AB)C LHS L.H.S=A(BC) EF kl SH 3] [: ot Lecce ates +? oles asl [? obLin l a 1x4)+(3x-11) (-1x7)+(3x-18) (2x4)+(Ox-11) (2x7)+(0x-18) | _{-4+(-33) | 8+0 14+0 _[-4-33 -7-54 “{ 8 | -37 61 “Ls | RH.S =(AB)C [2 bls SIM 3] (-1x1)+(3x-3) ee (2«1)+(0x-3) (2x2)+(0x-8) Aizu “Ll 3 _f-1+(-9) OO 4 “| 240 -440 13 /-1-9 | [i 4 x L 2 4 13 -10 y] [; ‘ = x 2 4) [1 3 (-10x2)+(-17x1) Oe | (2x2)+(4x1) (2x1)(4«3) _[20+17) eo] u 444 2412 _|-20-17 -10-S1 “{ 8 14 | -37 61 “Ls | Since L.H.S=RHS = A (BC) = (AB)C Hence proved (iii) -A(B+C)= AB+ AC Solution: 4(B+C)= AB + AC LHS =A (BHC) RHS =AB+AC LHS LHS=A (B+C) ells 0-1 3) f1+2 241 = x 2 0} |-3+1 -5+3 -1 3 ah ‘I = x 2 2 + Ox- 2) +(0« o Joao Cogeea es 34+(6) -3+(6) wT 6+0 | 3-6 3-6] -9 9 “16 6 R.H S=AB+AC fay) 214 3h f2 1] [2 of [3 -s}'[2 o} |i 3] (C1) +Gx-3) 1x2) +B x-3)] “| (2xD+(Ox-3) (2x42) +(0x-3) | Jr2a+@n Coay+ex (2x2)+ (0x1) Qx1)+(Ox3 f-l+(-3) -24+(-15)] [-2+3 -1+9 = + | 2+0 +4+0 |'[4+0 2+0 -1-9 -2-15] [1 8 = + 2 +4 42 10-17] [1 8 2 +4) [4 2 [-10+1 -17+8 “L244 4442 Since LHS=RHS. A (BtC) = ABFAC Hence proved ] (iv) A(B-C) = AB-AC Solution: A (B-C) = AB-AC LHS =A(B-C) RHS = AB-AC L.H.S=A(B-C) _f-1 all ‘| [ i] 2 ol{-3 -s} [1 3 Jol 3) p12 2 [2 0] [31 -53 Ja 3) fa 1 | [3 4 _[@b<1)1Gx-4) C118) © L@1HOl4) 1H | #1412). -14(-24) 240 240 | 1-12) -1-24 2 2 _f-11 -25 “[2 2 R.H.S=AB-AC - -1 371 27-1 3) 72 1 “L2 al 5 [? at: 3 (1x1) +Bx-3) (1x2) +3x-S) | (2xD+@Ox-3) (2x2)+(Ox 3 (-1x2)+(3x1) (-Ix1)+(3x3) 7 ea (ox) (21) +( yo (-Ix1)-(3%3) (-1x2)+(3« >| [(2x1)+(0«-3) (2«2)+(0x-5) (-1x2)+(3x1) ( | mls | AX=B X=A'B X= sdisxn |Al Ls ali] - eo) -6x3+2x1 | bovis 7 Solution Set~ {(,~4)} By Cramer’s Rule 21 3 A= B= 65} Ul 2] |Ae 6 5 =(2)(5)-((6) =10-6 =4 Solution is possible because A is non- singular matrix. 1 3 lal-f =O) my! Solution Set= RIS(iii) 4v42y=8 bx-y=-l By Matrices Inversion Method Pre wel el set ‘| =(4)(-1)-(2)(3) = Solution is possible because A is non singular ‘matrix. 1-2 AdjA. = 34 As we know that AX =B \A 1 fa 28 ~-10|-3 4 ||-1 |, 7s) | sl 6] *]_] =10 y} | =28 =10 , [3 x]_|5 yl] ag 5 3.14 x= tjys— 375 AN Solution set=1(2,'*)| s 3 Jf By Cramer's rule Solution is possible because A is non singular matrix 2 — “OC )-(2)-1) 8 lAl=_, By Matrices Inversion Method 3-2] x]_[-6 5 -2\ly} [10 3-2 x], [4 Let A= X=)" |B= 3.2 yl loB 2 “ha =(3)(-2)-(-2)(5) =~6-(-10) =-6+10 4 Solution is possible because A is non singular matrix. 2 2 AdjA = 53 'B X=A x [ |e aaieca y] |Al th Ts —2x-6+2x-10 —5x-63x-10 * ul yl 4 Solution Set = {(-2,0)} By Cramer's rule 3-2 ~6 4-15 a vo 3 arf 2 =(3)(-2)-(-2)(5) =-6-(-10) 6+10 4 Solution is possible because A is non singular matrix. | I-10 =(-6)(-2)-(-2)(-10) =+12—(+20) [ -I9 Solution Set= {(-2,0)} (vy) 3x-2y=4 -6x+4y=7 By Matrices Inversion Method h 7 =(3)(4)-(-2)(-6) =12-(+12) =12-12 0 Solution is not possible because A is singular matrix.Wi) 4xty=9 -Bx-y=-5 By Matrices Inversion Method Gb ADH] 3-2 Let A= 2 =O) =-9-(5) =-945 41 a =(4)-)-(-1)-3) =-44+3 =-l Solution is possible because|4|is non singular AdjA = As we know that le) Y=4'B = -20-(-27) 20427 Vid AdiAxB A Jy) | fx]_1f-1 -1][9 ly} -1L3 4] [x] er 7] 5 — yoo LJ -1L27+(-20) Solution Set={(4,,-7)} x at 4 Chae =! *)_| -1 (vii) vd |Z 1 By Matrices Inversion Method 2 -2][x]_[ 4 | 5 -2]\|y} [-10 ba ket Let A= X=|" |B= Solution Set={(4,-7)} [3 2 y) [6 By Cramer's rule lA —2| fe Pty - “3 alls) =(2)(-2)-(-2)(-5) 41 =-4—(+10) M-|4 a =-14 =(4)(-1)-()-3) Solution is possibleAdjA = 5 2| As we know that X=A'B x] =—x AdjAx B Lvl 1Al x Phas aL] = Ree -14| 20+(-20) bec alee ~—14) 20-20 | (e"| Solution Set={(2,0)} By Cramer's rule 22 4 Az B= [5 sP-[2] 2 | Ls -2| = 2)-2)-(-2)(-3) Set is possible 4 2 lAl=l ig 5 =(4)(-2)—(-2)(-10) -5 Sol =(2)(-10)-(4)(-) =-20-(-20) 20420 = ae ho & x ie = x=2 Solution Set = {(2,0)} (viii) 3x-4y=4 x+2y=8 By Matrices Inversion Method [EEE veal abl 5B 4 |Ale 12 =B)2)-CQ) =6-(-4) Al=6+4 =10 Solution is possible because A is non singular matrix. To 4] AdjA = ° -1 3 As we know that AX =B X=A'B X= = x AdjAx B |4| Phals sb] [l-lcree | 3ie Solution Set = {(4,2)} By Cramer's rule eat 3 —4| A 1 2 =()@)-C-4)Q) =6-(-4) =644 10 Solution is possible wes Kee =(4)(2)-(-4)(8) =8~(-32) =8432 34 [1 8 fd =40 1 8 = ()(8)-(4)() =24-4 =20 {Ad [A] ae “10 x=4 A. [Al 20 710 x ye y=2 Solution Set={(4,2)} Q.2.— The length of a rectangle is 4 times it width, The perimeter of the rectangle is 150cm. Find the dimensions of the rectangle. Solution: Let width of rectangle =« Length of rectang] According to I*' condition yadx “yt y=0 —..(i) According to 2" condition 2(length + Width)=Perimeter 2(y+x)=150 IO yrxs Zz —...ii) x+y=75 Changing into matrix form 4 1ffx]_[o I 1| y| [75 X=A'B (By matrix inversion method) wee ee 4 1 \4F] ] =€4)()-(0) 4-1 3 1-1 AdjA= -1 4 As we know that X=A'B x 1 [3] aie y} IAI afi yo = ics] 1{0-75 - 1 Fo0| 1-75 ~ -5| 300715 me 5 y| | -300 5 fis - ‘al x=15,y=60 Width of rectangle = 15cm Length of rectangle By Cramer’s rule [iets A= B= lot 75 wf | =€4)()- (0) -4-1 =-5 ajo | ll=ls | =(0N0)-)9) 0-75 Sane -4)(75)-(0)(1) = 0-300 = -300 y=60 Then Width of rectangle = x= 15 om Length of rectangle = y = 60 cm Q.3 Two sides of a rectangle differ by 3.5m, Find the dimension of the rectangle if its perimeter is 67em. Solution: Suppose Width of rectangle = x Length of rectangle = y According to 1“ condition yox=3.5 -x+y=3.5 >...(i) According to 2" condition 2(L+B)=P 2(y+x)=67 67 x+ya x+y=33.5 > (ii) Changing into matrix form LF LE! (By matrix inversion method) 11 x], [35 Let A= X=|" |B= rou Lyf [335 As we know that X=A'B x 1 =—x AdjAxB |A ae 1x3.5 ras| 1x33.5 [3.5(-33.5) | -3.5(-33 A Fev 2|-3730 2D 37 2 By Cramer’s rule f-1 1], [35] A B= L1 1 [33.5] 1] 1 1 =(-))-(() 1 -1- [Ale 33.5 | =(5)()-()(G35) 33.5 _|35 | I-1 3.5 ° 1 33.5] 3.5)-(.5)(1) 5-3.5 = =185 2 Width of rectangle =x=15em Length of rectangle =y=18.Scm. Q.4 The third angle of an isosceles A is 16°less than the sum of two equal angles. Find three angles of the triangle. Solution: Let each equal angles are x and third angle is y According to condition y=2x—16 2xv-y=16 (i) As we know that x+x+y=180 2x+y=180 (i) 2x-y=16 2x+y=180 Changing into matrix form 2 -1[x]_fie {2 1 |Ly] [180) X=A'B 2-1 x j16 Let A= X=|" |B= 21 y} [180 2] Al= E i =2x1-(-1)x2 =242 = 420 (None singular) A exist 1 AdjA= Hl X=A'B x] if 1 16 | 4[-2 2][180 1[116+1%180 4| —2x16+2x1801[16+180 = eel 196] [e| 196 | 4 328 4 x]_[49] [Fel x=49 y=82 Cramer Rule ‘ |; 1 Pio =| =(2)0)-CN) =2-(-2) =242 =4 fie -1 l4I=| 130 1 | =(16)(1)-(-1)(180) =16 +180 =196 2 16 -[; | =(2)(180)—(16)(2) 360-32 = 328 196 yal 4 x= 49 yl |A| amar Q5 I angle 2" ang One acute angle of a 9° Ans 9° Ans 3" angle =y= 82° Ans right triangle is12°more than twice the other acute angle. Find the acute angles of the right triangle. Solution: Let one acute angle And other acute angle =y According to 1% condition x=2y+l2 x-2y=12 As we know x+y =90 >(i) >(ii) By matrices inversion method Changing into matrix form f thle X=A'B I LetA= ; \4-| 1 —2| lod 12 90 =(1I)()-(2)() =1-(-2) = 3(Non singular) A’ exists 1 AdjA | 1 As we know that A'Bor [Al 1 271 2 1 Aly AdjAxBBy Cramer's rule al TPL 1 Meh i =()M--2)0) =1-(2) 14+2 eee A= bo 1 =(12)(1)-(-2)(90) =12+180 =192 12] IAN} wl =(90)—(12) = 90-12 =78 Al y=26 1 angle 64° 2™ angle = y = 26° Q.6 — Two cars that are 600 km apart are moving towards each other. Their speeds differ by 6 km per hour and 1 the cars are 123 km apart after4— hours. Find the speed of each car. Solution: Suppose speed of I* car = x Suppose speed of 2" car = y According to 1* condition x-y=6 >(i) According to 2" condition Total distance = 600 km Left distance = 123 km Covered distance = total distance-left distance Covered distance = 600-123 =477km . 1 9 Total time = 4—hours =or = hours 2 2 Total Distance Covered Total Speed= Total Time Taken 477 9 2 = > =477 5 =4TI x= a Seala 5 5 2 x+y =106 >(ii) x-y=6 x+y= 106 By matrices inversion methodChanging into matrix form bobbed X=A4'B, where of beled 1-1 “tl =()()-(-D(1) =1-(-1) 1+1 =2 11 AdjA= 1d X=A'B bcj| ea =—x AdjAxB y| [A Fef, Te x}_[56 y) [50 x=56,y=50 Speed of 1* car = x= S6km/h Speed of 2! car = y= SOknv/h By Cramer's rule ali |= [i| uct | =()()--D() =1-(-1) =141 =2 | to ‘| =(6)(1)-(-1)(106) =6-~(-106) = 64106 =112 6 ied = (106)(1)—(6)(1) 06-6 00 _ lad “|Al y=30 Then Speed of I" car =x = S6km/h Speed of 2™ car = y = S0km/hQi (i) (ii) (iv) wv) (vi) (vii) (viii) Review Exercise Select the correct answer in each of the following. The order of matrix[2 1] is.... (a) 2-by-1 (b) I-by- (c) I-by-1 (d) 2-by- (a) Zero (b) Unit (c) Scalar (d) Singular Which is order of a square ma (a) 2-by-2 (c) 2-by-1 Order of transpose of | ol 3.2 0 -1 -2 12 om | | “ -1 2 -1 0 wo, ‘] 3 ] Product of [x le | (a)[2x+y] (b) [x-2y] ()[2x-»] (@)[x+2y] 2 6 . it =0, then x is equal to... 3 x (a9 (b) -6 (c)6 (d)-9 f-1 -2 10 _ y+ = » then X is equal to... 0 i] [: vy) 0 () E al (b) [: 5 v@ (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) wi Solution: Complete the follwoin 0 is called ... matrix. 0 0] 1 Is called ... matrix. Additive inverse of In matrix multiplication, in -1 gereral, AB..BA Matrix A+B may be found if order of A and B is. A matrix is called 6 find a and b. ANSWER KEY 3 ott “| -3-4 0 matrix if number of rows and columns are equal. 6+10 -9-83(A+2B)= lf ol all ~lt ots _ [2410 3-8 “1-4 0-2 Solution: (iv) F(24-38) eed 3 |) 3 ‘ 3 “ls 2 3 -11 6+12 2+6 0+3 1 o le ei Q.5 Find the value of X, if 201 4-2 +X = . 303 -1 2 Solution: Given that f2 1), [4 2 +X= 3 4] [1 4 [4 7 [: ‘] X= - [-1 2] [3 3 ool 3 4 oe waft Val? 4] then prove that (i) AB # BA (ii) A(BC)=(4B)C Solution: Given that [? 1 | [? 4 | A= B= 23 5 2 (i) AB BA Oo 13 4 L.H.S=AB= aeeeeeeneneaneeeeee -| Ox(-3)+1x5 0x4 +1x(-2) | © | 2x(-3)+(-3)xS 2x4+(-3)x(-2) _[ 0+5 0-2] -| 6-15 846) 5-2 a ial >) [? SL: 4] RHS=B4= s -2}/2 -3 -| ~3(0)+4(2) -3(1)+4(-3) | 5(0)+(-2)(2) S(I) +(-2)(-3) _f0+8 -3-12 “(0-4 5+6 8 -15 {4 i (i) From (i) and (ii) . we getLAS #KHS AB>BA Hence proved (ii) A(BC) =(4B)C Solution: We cannot solve because matrix C is not given. Q7 if a} “jana -| > 1 1 3 then verify that (i) (4B) =Bi4' (4B)'=B 1A" Solution: Given that 3 A= 1 -1 3-5 24 ana | | (i) (ABY = BA’ AB= erreeeeeeeeeeeee _| 3(2)+2(-3)3(4)+2(-S) | 12)+(-)C3)_ 14) +(-NCS) on _[6-6 12-10 ~([2+3 4+5 | _[o 2] 59) 0 27 LH.S=(4By = (aay =|? 5) os 23] 0 2x34(-3)x2 2(1)+(-3)(-1) [4x3+(-5)x2_ 4(1) +(-5)(-1) _| 6-6 2+3 +i: 10 4+5| 0s -) | =i) From equal (i) and (ii) we get LHS-RILS (AB) = BA’ Hence proved (ii) (4B) =B'A* laa-f 2 IS 9 =0x9-2x5 0-10 10 (Non singular) Inverse exists 9 -2] Adj(AB)= (4B) [ 0} 1 LHS=(4B) | = —— Adj(AB (48) "= qt) =2(-5)-4x(-3) -10+12 (non singular) 2. B" exists1 =3(-1)-21 =-3-2 = -5 (non singular) AT exists -1 -2 Ae | -1 3 \4-| 1 A! =—x AdjA ll _ 1p 544 10-12] ~ 10[-3-2 -6+6 | = (ii) From equation (i) and (ii) we get LHS =R.HS (4B) ' = BA Hence provedQL Find the determinant of following matrices. Solution: -1 1 A= 2 0 To write the determinant form 11 | Al | 2 O = EDO -@) 0) =0-2 2 Solution: oa B= 12 2] To write in determinant form ee) [BI -y =(1)C2)-(@) GB) 2-6 =-8 3 2] 3 2} Solution: To write in determinant form = (3) 2)-G3) @) 6-6 =0 To write in determinant form B 2 IDE 1 4| =G)4)-2)() 12-2 Q2 Find which of the following matrices are singular or non- singular? l4l= @) (4)-@)(6) |4l= 12-12 To write in determinant formiat | lal= (4) 2)-@)0) |Bl= 8-3 [B|= 5 It is non-singular matrix [7 -9 (ii) C= | Solution: [5] To write in determinant form 7-9 ICFh s | Icl-ME)-@)C9) le|= 35+27 \cl= 62 In not equal to zero so It is non-singular matrix. (ole | 24 Solution: [5-10 D= 2 4 To write in determinant form 5-10 [DE 2 4 P|=(8)(4)-(-2)(-10) [P| = 20-20 |pj=o0 It is singular matrix. Q.3 Find the multiplicative inverse of each 1 3 i) A= o a3 4] Solution: [> dl A= 2 0 To write in determinant form HI 3 2 4 l=) (2)(3) |4|=0-6 |4]= -6#0 (Non-Singular) A‘exists To write in Adj A aya=|° > Oa 1 A!=—x AdjA Al a [AF Putting the values 1 ayo 3), x eS 6 A'= 2A] gt ah ~6 ~6 Ole 3 6 +6 +1 +6 ot _| > 2 i pila 3 6 1 2 w of) 3] Solution: [3 To write in determinant formB B|=)CS)-(-3)2) |B|--5+6 |B|=1 #0 (Non-Singular) BT exists 5 -2 AdjB = 301 Bia, sg |B| Putting the values 2 6 9 Solution: To write in determinant form , 2 6 IC\= 3. -9| ~2)(-9)-(3)(6) 8-18 =0 Singular C" Does not exists. 1 (iv) D=|2 1 ale Solution: To write in determinant form D= Sele VAL too 3a 4 vale 1 |D|= ie 0(Non Singular) D" exists 3 AdjD = t it 2 pt = «sap |D| By putting the values 2 al NI> pi 4 ara=|! lana Q. A=], [anda then Then verify that(i) A(AdjA)=(AdjA)A=(@et AJL Solution: A(AdjA)=(AdjA)A=(detA)I I 2 at 4 6 6 =2 1 26 2 Aabs=| | ale "] 6-8 (-2)+2] [i -8+6 | (Ad a)=|- ° (Adj A) [? $|——e Gam 2|lhlge2 canna] rs ‘l casa] (6)x12%4 _[ 6-8 12-12 ~|-444 846 . 20 . caaisna | 4 (ii) aia 1 01 _[-2x1 0x2 =| ml (detayt=| > 4 (iii) [0 -2;-—————_ Hence proved From eq (i), (ii) and (iii) A(AdjA)=(AdjA)A=(det AI (6)x2+(-2)x6 Cae) (Y(2)+((6) | (ii) =BB'=I=B"B Solution: BB" ; To write in determinant form = —4 + 0(None singular) =B' exists. To write in AdjB 201 New [3 -]1f-2 1 BB = — 2 -2] 41-2 3 1p 7721 ~-4[2 -2]/-2 3 1f[-6+2 3-3 ~ 4|-4+4 2-6 _1[-4 0 ~ 4,0 -4 4 6 _|4 ono a BB! = 2—— 8 ones b =o cs WI " re em 4| — « or ee Rw Lo v4 " k|- & Loo o on ea an ayFrom (i) and (ii) BB"=I=B"B Hence proved Q5 Determine whether the given matrices are multiplicative inverses of each other. - 35 7-5] oy alam S| , [: 5] 2 1 Solution: and 47) [4 3 3 s\[7 -5 [aL 3] 21+(-20) -15+15 Ge eel i The given matric inverse of each other. are multiplicative t2 alle 3] _[-3+4 2+(-2) ~6+6 4+(-3) 1 Given matrices are multiplicative inverse of each other Q6 (i) (AB)'=B'A™ Solution: (AB)'=B'A [ose 1 2 _[4x(-4)+00) © | <1c(-4) + 20) _[-16+0 -8+0 442 2+(-2) _[-16 -8 [6 0 To write in determinant form I-16 -8| |4B| = 6 0 |4B| = 0-(-48) [AB|=48 To write in Adj (AB) . 0 8 Adj(AB)=| 5 ag t 4x(-2)+0(C-1) 7] —1x(-2)+2(-1)} oe (ABy! ap aid 1 fo 8 48 [ 6 -16 (Oats 3 48 6 -16 48 48. Oaee 6 8d. To solve RH. S. To write in determinant form[B|=4-(-2) \Bl=4+2 [B|= 6 To write in Adj B 1 2) AdjB =| edi ee) B By putting value Ble bo 4 6 |-1 4 To write in determinant form 4 0 2 |4l-8-(-0) |A[8 To write in Adj A aus |? [Ale 14 1 At =x AdjA |A| 1/2 0 =R ie]1 2 8)>R, 71 S/R of a Matrix: In matrix, all the entries presented in vertical way are called columns of matrix. The number of rows and columns in a matrix specifies its order. If a matrix M has m rows and n columns then M is said to be of order, m—hy—n 0 8 0] ie. ]0 4 8 |the order matrix is 3—by—3 715) Equal M: Let A and B be two matrices. Then A is said to be equal to B, and denoted by A=B, if and only if, (i) The order of A = the order of B (ii) ‘Their corresponding entries are equal pes pero ie. A= and B= are equal matrices 42 4 4-2 Rectangular Mat A matrix M is called rectangular if, the number of rows of M is not equal to the number of columns of M.A matrix is called a square matrix if its number of rows is equal to its number of columns. A matrix M is called a null or zero matrix if each of its entries is 0. fo o “Fo 0 Transpose of a Matrix: A matrix obtained by interchanging the rows into columns or columns into rows of a matrix is called transpose of that matrix, Negative of a Matrix: Let A be matrix. Then its neg entries of A, ~4_[! -2] ie I A= then— A= 3 4| 3 Symmetric Matrix: A square matrix is symmetric if it is equal to its transpose ie., matrix A is symmetric if A'=A tive, —Ais obtained by changing the signs of all the Skew-Symmetric Matrix: A square matrix A is said to be skew-symmetric if 4‘ =—A Diagonal Matri A square matrix A is called a diagonal matrix if at least any one of the entries of its diagonal is not zero and non-diagonal entries must all be zero. 100 ie A=|0 2 0 003 Scalar Matrix: A diagonal matrix is called a scalar matrix, if all the diagonal entries are same and k 00 non-zero. For example | 0 & 0 |where é is a constant #0,1 00k Identity Mat A diagonal matrix is called identity (unit) matrix if all diagonal entries are 1 and it is denoted by 1100 eg,4=|0 1 O|{isa3-by-3 identity matrix ool n of Matrices: Let A and B be any two matrices with real number entries. The matrices A and B are conformable for addition, if they have the same order. Addi two matrices of same order then subtraction of matrix B from matrix A is obtained by subtracting the entries of matrix B from the corresponding entries of matrix A and it is denoted by 4—B Multiplication of Matrices: wo matrices A and B conformable for multiplication, giving product AB if the number of columns of A is equal to the number of rows of B Determinant of a 2-by-2 Matrix: b Let A= [F a] be a 2-by-2 square matrix, The determinant of A, denoted by det A or ¢ |Alis defined as ab |-de.4 a | =ad—be=AER € d| d la | ‘A square matrix A is called singular if the determinant of A is equal to zero 1 2 For example, A= [: of® a singular matrix, since det 4 =1x0-0x2=0 Non-Singular Matrix: ‘A square matrix A is called non-singular if the determinant of A is not equal to zero. ie For example 4= [: | is non-singular, since det A =1x2-0x1=20 Adjoint of a Mai ab Adjoint of a square matrix a-| ‘| is obtained by interchanging the diagonal entries and changing the sign of other entries. Adjoint of matrix A is denoted as Adj A . . d -b ie Adj A= -c oa