Republic of the Philippines

Western Mindanao State University

An Implementation of Monitoring System for Traffic Violations using image processing.

A Thesis proposal to the faculty of

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of

Researchers

Falmark G. Lumpoc
Genelou A. Mamolo
Shaina Marie B. Pardillo

Course Adviser
Darllaine R. Lincopinis

January 25, 2022

The study of implementing a monitoring system for traffic violations using image processing
likely emerged from the need to improve traffic enforcement and safety. Image processing techniques
allow for the automated detection and analysis of traffic violations, such as running red lights or
speeding or identify any violation, by analyzing images captured by cameras installed at intersections or
on roads it confirming to [3], In this paper, they propose a platform surveillance monitoring system using
image processing technology for passenger safety in railway station. The suggested system uses many
cameras to monitor practically the full length of the track line in the platform. Image processing
technology is used to identify in real-time whether a person or harmful obstacle is present in the set
monitoring region. The approach is effective due to its clear distinction between the lower-level image
processing component and the higher-level module, creating a general, knowledge-based framework for
monitoring vehicles in the environment. It can help to increase the efficiency and accuracy of traffic
violation detection, as well as reduce the workload of human traffic officers. The implementation of such
a system would involve the use of computer vision and machine learning algorithms to analyze the
images and identify traffic violations.

Humans have developed incredibly fine-tuned visual abilities: we can recognize faces instantly,
distinguish between different colors, and process a lot of visual data swiftly. The world is constantly
changing, though, so if you stare at something long enough, it will eventually change. Even a massive,
sturdy structure, like a mountain or a building, can change how it looks depending on the time of day. So
as this study, it will process an image that captures specific violations, which can monitor the number
violations on the road in some part of Pagadian City in accordance with [1], Road congestion, air
pollution, and accidents have increased as a result of rising traffic density and global population
expansion. Over the previous ten years, the global total number of cars has grown dramatically. In this
situation, traffic monitoring is undoubtedly quite difficult in many Indian towns. In the majority of cities,
we still rely on people to perform this arduous chore by hand. Numerous problems, such as
management staff availability, efficiency, and accuracy, arise when attempting to manually control a
large amount of traffic. This study will help and assist the local government in some parts of Pagadian
City in identifying potential traffic violations by going beyond the basics of image processing with or
without their presence.

In summary, the study of implementing a monitoring system for traffic violations using image
processing aims to improve traffic enforcement and safety by automating the detection and analysis of
violations through the use of computer vision and machine learning algorithms. This approach separates
low-level image processing from high-level knowledge-based tracking, providing a more efficient and
accurate system that reduces the workload of human officers. The implementation of this system aligns
with the goals of the Republic Act No. 4136, also known as the Land Transportation and Traffic Code,
which aims to compile laws related to land transportation and traffic rules.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In the past, many vehicles have violated traffic laws without facing consequences or paying for
their violations. This can lead to road accidents and traffic congestion, causing inconvenience for people,
particularly those who are in a hurry. To address this problem, the team decided to implement a system
that can monitor specific vehicle violations. The following are examples of violations that the system can
monitor

 Double Parking
 Unloading/Loading Area
 Wrong Parking

AIM OF THE STUDY

Traffic violations are now common on various types of roads. The researchers aim to assist the
local government and traffic enforcement officials in monitoring and identifying violations committed by
individuals with or without the presence of a traffic enforcement or government employee.

 to help the traffic enforcement or government employee to detect the violation committed by
individuals with or without their presence.
 To reduce the traffic in the said area.
 To monitor the days and times when violations are committed of the individuals.

RESEARCH LOCALE

Bulatok, Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur is our research locale. (no exact location for now)

METHODOLOGY

Rapid application development (RAD) is an agile project management strategy popular in

The key benefit of a RAD approach is fast project turnaround, making it an attractive choice for
developers working in a fast-paced environment like software development. This rapid pace is made
possible by RAD’s focus on minimizing the planning stage and maximizing prototype development.

Techniques
Image processing techniques are utilized to automatically detect and analyze traffic violations,
such as double parking, wrong parking and Unloading/Loading Area, by analyzing images captured by
cameras placed at intersections or on roads. This can improve the effectiveness and precision of
identifying traffic violations.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In accordance with [1], Road congestion, air pollution, and accidents have increased as a result
of rising traffic density and global population expansion. Over the previous ten years, the global total
number of cars has grown dramatically. In this situation, traffic monitoring is undoubtedly quite difficult
in many Indian towns. In the majority of cities, we still rely on people to perform this arduous chore by
hand. Numerous problems, such as management staff availability, efficiency, and accuracy, arise when
attempting to manually control a large amount of traffic. This study examines various traffic monitoring
systems that aim to keep up with and manage heavy traffic flow while maximizing human interaction.
These systems can be used to identify moving vehicles, detect traffic jams on a road, gauge vehicle
speed, measure intersection traffic density, detect the presence of VIP cars or ambulances, detect road
accidents, mark a pedestrian path, and many other things. Image processing approaches outperform
traditional in situ and in-vehicle technologies, which are typically employed for intrusive and non-
intrusive traffic monitoring. The purpose of this paper is to review past research into traffic monitoring
utilizing image and video processing methods as well as potential future research.

confirming to [3], In this paper, they propose a platform surveillance monitoring system using
image processing technology for passenger safety in railway station. The suggested system uses many
cameras to monitor practically the full length of the track line in the platform. Image processing
technology is used to identify in real-time whether a person or harmful obstacle is present in the set
monitoring region. We verify system performance in actual conditions based on the experimental
findings. The suggested image processing approach enables robust train state and object detection.
Additionally, to cope with the accident right away, the system sends video information and an alarm
message to the local station, central control room, and train.

In keeping with [5], The method for detecting automobiles in urban traffic scenes using rule-
based reasoning based on visual input is presented in the study. The formal distinction between the
high-level and low-level image processing modules, which offers a general-purpose knowledge-based
framework for tracking vehicles in the scene, is the approach's strength. In the daytime, the image
processing modules use spatiotemporal analysis to extract visual information from the scene, while at
night, they use morphological analysis of headlights to do so. The high-level module utilizes a series of
heuristic rules tailored to urban traffic situations while dealing with symbolic data, such as cars and their
properties (area, pattern, direction, and others), and is built as a forward chaining production rule
system. The system's flexibility and robustness are a result of the interaction between high-level and
low-level image processing artificial intelligence algorithms.

In agreement with [7], The multifunctional imaging-based instrumentation system for the online
monitoring and characterization of fossil fuel fueled flames is presented in this study. The apparatus
incorporates an optical probe for transferring light from a furnace's flames into an optical assembly,
where it is divided into four beams with distinct spectral ranges. The light from the flames is captured by
two high-performance monochromatic charge-coupled devices cameras, which then send the picture
signals to a microcomputer, where the signals are transformed into digital images. The photographs of
the flames have been processed using specialized application software that uses cutting-edge digital
image processing methods, two-color pyrometry, and power spectral analysis. The photos are used to
calculate a variety of flame properties, such as the ignition point and area, spreading angle, brightness,
nonuniformity, flicker, and temperature. Results from experiments conducted utilizing a 1 MWth coal-
fired combustion test facility (CTF) show that the system is capable of providing continuous, on-line,
instantaneous measurement of the flame parameters. The observed flame parameters are discovered to
be sensitive to the combustion environment and can thus be employed as markers of flame stability.

As reported with [8], Millions of people lose a great deal of time and productivity as a result of
traffic congestion. Distributing traffic information to drivers, who can then choose (or be assisted by a
navigator) to route around congested regions, is one potential solution to this problem. Induction loops
and video cameras are examples of static sensors that can be used to collect traffic data, but other
methods include having individual vehicles transmit their location, speed, and journey duration. The
latter strategy has only recently emerged; therefore, its potential is less appreciated than the former,
which has been widely utilized. Due to this, we examine a practical test scenario that enables the
assessment of the efficacy of such a solution. The following steps were taken as part of this process: (a)
we designed a system that enables vehicles to crowd-source traffic information in an ad hoc manner,
allowing them to dynamically reroute based on individually collected traffic information; (b) we
implemented a realistic network-mobility simulator that allowed us to evaluate such a model; and (c) we
carried out a case study that assesses whether such a decentralized system can assist drivers in reducing
trip times, which is the primary Based on data from a traffic survey conducted in Portland, Oregon, this
study shows that such guidance systems can significantly increase traffic flow. Finally, we put our
method into practice and conducted some actual trials at UCLA's C-Vet test bed to see if our strategy
was workable.

In accord with [2], The autonomous traffic surveillance system described in this study uses a
single camera to predict key traffic metrics from video sequences. The suggested method has a good
ability to classify vehicles into more precise classes by introducing a new "linearity" feature in vehicle
representation, in contrast to previous methods that can classify vehicles to only automobiles and non-
cars. The suggested approach can also effectively address the issue of vehicle occlusions brought on by
shadows, which frequently prevent further vehicle counting and categorization from succeeding. A
brand-new line-based shadow algorithm uses a set of lines to remove all unwanted shadows in order to
tackle this issue. The information from the lane-dividing lines is used to design the utilized lines. As a
result, an automatic method of lane-dividing line detection is also suggested. The identified lane-dividing
lines can also offer crucial data for feature normalization, which can greatly improve the precision of
vehicle classification by increasing the invariance of vehicle size. Following the extraction of all
information, an ideal classifier is created to accurately classify automobiles into several groups. When
identifying a vehicle, the built-in classifier can gather several pieces of information from its motions and
the database to determine the best categorization for that vehicle. Greater classification robustness can
be attained as more evidences are used. The proposed method is superior than other conventional
methods, according to experimental findings, which simply use a single frame and the vehicle size to
classify vehicles.

According with [4], A common platform for inter-vehicle communication is required to realize an
intelligent transportation system that supports safe driving, dynamic route scheduling, emergency
message dissemination, and traffic condition monitoring. Vehicles are an integral part of people's lives in
modern society, into which more and more high-tech devices are integrated. The e-Road project's Traffic
View specifies a framework for gathering and disseminating data on the cars on the road. Using such a
system will give a driver of a car access to traffic information, which aids in driving in conditions like
foggy weather or choosing the best route for a long trip. The fundamental layout of Traffic View and the
many algorithms employed in the system are described in this paper.

REFERENCES:

[1] D. J. Hemanth, G. Vadivu, M. Sangeetha, and V. E. Balas, Artificial Intelligence Techniques for
Advanced Computing Applications. Springer Nature, 2020.

[3] Sehchan Oh, Sunghyuk Park and Changmu Lee, "A platform surveillance monitoring system using
image processing for passenger safety in railway station," 2007 International Conference on Control,
Automation and Systems, Seoul, 2007, pp. 394-398, doi: 10.1109/ICCAS.2007.4406975.

[5] R. Cucchiara, M. Piccardi and P. Mello, "Image analysis and rule-based reasoning for a traffic
monitoring system," in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 119-
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[7] Gang Lu, Yong Yan and M. Colechin, "A digital imaging based multifunctional flame monitoring
system," in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1152-1158, Aug.
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[8] I. Leontiadis, G. Marfia, D. Mack, G. Pau, C. Mascolo and M. Gerla, "On the Effectiveness of an
Opportunistic Traffic Management System for Vehicular Networks," in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent
Transportation Systems, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1537-1548, Dec. 2011, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2011.2161469.

[2] Jun-Wei Hsieh, Shih-Hao Yu, Yung-Sheng Chen and Wen-Fong Hu, "Automatic traffic surveillance
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Systems, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 175-187, June 2006, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2006.874722.
[4] T. Nadeem, S. Dashtinezhad, Chunyuan Liao and L. Iftode, "TrafficView: a scalable traffic monitoring
system," IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management, 2004. Proceedings. 2004,
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