Ways of Social Change Making Sense of Modern Times

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Ways of Social Change, 2nd edition

April 2015
READING QUIZ QUESTIONS

Note to Instructors

Many instructors find a reading quiz to be a useful tool that encourages students to do
assigned reading in a timely fashion. These multiple-choice questions provide a readings
quiz for Ways of Social Change.

The questions are designed to evaluate only the reading activity and memory of your
students. They do not evaluate students’ comprehension, deeper understanding and
critical thinking of the book’s topics. In my experience, these can be better cultivated and
evaluated in discussions and other means of assessment, for example short-answer
exams, and by engaging in the Topics for Discussion and Activities for Further Study at
the end of each chapter.

Questions to these readings quiz questions are arranged in the order in which the quiz
material appears in each chapter, providing a measure of how far the student has read.
Correct answers are indicated with an asterisk.

As with any multiple-choice question, there could be more than one right answer, but
only one answer is the best answer. Other answers may be interesting, possible, and
worth discussing, but they are not what the students have read in Ways of Social Change.

Chapter 5. Social Movements

It is difficult to read a daily newspaper and not come across at least one article on:
a. a dramatic scientific breakthrough
b. a political scandal
*c. a group of people who have organized in order to affect social change
d. terrorism

Where was the angry, violent student protest described in the opening of this chapter:?
*a. London, England
b. Delhi, India
c. Missoula, Montana
d. Cape Town, South Africa
What is the area of “public life that involves groups of people in activities outside the
formal arena of politics”?
*a. civil society
b. criminal activity
c. the leisure industry
d. society

Studying social movements has often taken two forms:

a. watching movements from afar and joining movements to learn “from the inside”
b. studying nonviolent movements and investigating violent movements
c. seeing them as threats to social order and security and seeing them as agents of needed
change in society
*d. finding out how movements develop and remain active, and finding out if and which
desired outcomes resulted from social movement activity

In most cases, social movements are:

a. opposed by the state that tries to discredit them
b. well organized and long-lasting
*c. not successful
d. supported by the majority of people in a society

The Occupy Central student protests in Hong Kong in the fall of 2014 against changes in
the way Hong Kong is governed ended when:
a. three students were killed by riot police
*b. public support dwindled and the police cleared the protesters’ camps
c. The Chinese government gave in and changed their plans for Hong Kong
d. several leaders were found to be agents of the Chinese government

When asked why their Black playmates couldn’t use the public swimming pool, Iris
Summers’ children were told:
a. Black people spread polio
*b. They can swim in the river
c. They don’t pay taxes, so they can’t use public facilities
d. All of the above were given as reasons for barring Blacks from public pools

What is the term used as a shorthand for the laws and everyday practices upholding
discrimination and prejudice against African Americans?
a. racism
b. patriarchy
c. Negritude
*d. Jim Crow

In general terms, social movements are:

*a. disruptive of normal life and usual ways of addressing problems
b. paid for by groups of elites who remain anonymous and unseen
c. made up of outsiders, i.e. people who feel marginalized and outside of society
d. as likely to try to stop social change as they are to promote social change

The target of many, if not most social movements is:

a. the legal system
b. the moral breakdown in society
*c. authority, usually systems of authority like those of government or large corporations
d. minorities and other less-powerful groups in society

What are the three things people do, to use Albert Hirschman’s terms, when they sense
that something is wrong?
a. communicate, disrupt, attack
*b. exit, voice, and loyalty
c. resist, rebel, and repeal
d. join, separate, and disguise

Social movements’ successes usually affect or benefit people who were not involved in
the social movement, because social movements usually:
a. fail to hit their target
b. are hijacked by powerful groups who use them for their own benefit
c. attract people who want things for others, not for themselves
*d. pursue collective goods rather than gains only for the participants

When something benefiting a large group of people cannot be denied to those who
successfully avoided contributing to achieve the benefit, this is called _______.
a. slippage in the system
*b. the free rider problem
c. universalism
d. social democracy

Which of the following is an illustration of people who benefit from social movement
activity but make no contribution through their own efforts to the movement’s success?
*a. non-union workers who receive union-negotiated pay, benefits, and job security in
“right-to-work” states
b. children
c. people concerned they will be penalized if publicly identified with a social movement
d. political elites

The concern motivating people to engage in a social movement is generally called a:

a. catalyst
b. pseudo-event
c. meme
*d. grievance

Why do some people participate in a social movement while others who feel the same
way do not?
a. participants are often in situations involving others who are participants
b. it is more convenient for some people to participate than others
c. having been a past movement participant increases chances you’ll do it again
*d. All of the above are reasons for social movement participation

Social movements try to mobilize moral resources such as:

*a. leaders and visible supporters who have public favorability and respect
b. convincing arguments that they are honest and trustworthy
c. theological and other religious doctrines that back up what they stand for
d. testimonials of faith from people outside the social movement

It is important for social movements to establish what sociologists call a “definition of the
situation” that they are involved in; this is also known as social movement___________.
a. ideology
b. resource mobilization
*c. framing
d. situationalism

Why do we know and honor Rosa Parks?

a. she was the first black woman to refuse to give up her seat in a public bus
*b. she tested the enforcement of a Supreme Court decision upholding another woman’s
refusal to give up her seat on a public bus, setting off of the Montgomery Bus Boycott
c. her refusal to give up her seat on a public bus started the first legal action that
challenged racial segregation
d. she refused to give up her seat on a public bus; Whites were so impressed with her
courage they stopped segregating busses and all public facilities and services

Diagnostic, proscriptive, and motivational are three types of social

movement____________.
a. ideologies
b. leadership
c. organizations
*d. framing

When a homeowner receives her city or county tax assessment for her home, and she
calls a city or county tax office to complain, she is:
a. sure to be unsuccessful
*b. acting individually, but if many people deliberately do this together, they may starting
a social movement tactical repertoire
c. engaging in what Snow calls “quotidian disruption”
d. acting outside the normal range of acceptable citizen behavior

In what country did protests include writing statements critical of the government on the
paper currency/banknotes everyone handled?
*a. Iran
b. England
c. Zimbabwe
d. the Soviet Union

Why do social movement participants sometimes engage in provocative, dramatic,

flamboyant, and even lewd public displays and activities?
a. some participants become so emotional they are willing to do these things
*b. they are trying to get public attention for their cause or message
c. it is important that a social movement be fun, as well as serious, in pursuing a cause
d. a dramatic presentation is required in order to critique the absurdity of normal life

Disruption and violence on the part of social movements:

a. always fail to help the movement achieve its goals
*b. have sometimes been effective in helping the movement achieve its goals
c. always improve a movement’s chances of success
d. are helpful tactics in opposing state actions, but not when used against corporations

Soon after 1900 what radical organization formed to agitate for better working conditions
for miners, loggers, migrant workers, and others in the West and Northwest?
a. Communist Party
b. Guild of Dignified Labor (GDL)
c. Chamber of Commerce
*d. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

The discussion beginning on page 167 outlines the history of a movement whose goal
was to:
a. increase women’s rights across the globe
b. end war
*c. strengthen the power of workers
d. create democratic societies

Where was the violent labor strike in 1936 that opened the door for workers across the
industry to unionize?
a. the docks in Naples, Italy
b. Appalachia’s mines
*c. auto plants in Detroit, Michigan
d. London’s garment district

Labor union membership in the US:

a. is associated in the public mind with membership in the Communist Party
*b. reached its peak in the 1950s and has declined thereafter
c. requires workers to vote for a particular political party and slate of candidates
d. was never popular with Americans, and especially since Ronald Reagan’s presidency

Opportunities for social movement activities, involving a range of tactics, are greater in:
a. cities than in rural areas
b. wealthy countries than poor countries
c. universities than high schools
*d. democratic nations than authoritarian nations

Movements find opportunities for support when there are divisions or fissures among:
a. intellectuals and the media
b. social movement participants
*c. powerful elites
d. ethnic groups

Some environmental movement groups made an unlikely ally over what public issue?
*a. the production of ethanol from corn
b. contraception and the provision of birth control
c. genetically-modified crops
d. the regulation of gun ownership

What technology is a new source of power for social movement protesters in

authoritarian nations?
a. guns and other military hardware made available by a worldwide trading network
*b. the Internet
c. GPS and other satellite tracking devices
d. the network of international human rights organizations

What impact is the Internet having on social movement tactics and success?
a. it’s a good way to raise money, but has little utility for social movement operations
*b. it’s not entirely clear, but the Internet is used more and more to mobilize groups,
expose hidden organizational activity, and frame issues favorably for social movements
c. largely negative, inasmuch as “activity” on the Internet takes away from people
actually committing their time and physical selves to a cause
d. very great, to the point that every social movement fails or succeeds in terms of how
well it uses the Internet

Concerning the anti-war movement that opposed the US war in Vietnam:

a. it is almost certain that the war was lost by the US because of the anti-war protests
*b. it is not at all certain that the conduct or length of the war was greatly altered by the
anti-war movement
c. the movement’s use of violence was the most effective tactic in ending the war early
d. the movement’s use of nonviolence was an effective tactic in ending the war early

Why is it often difficult to know how a social movement causes social change?
a. changing social contexts create and erase opportunities for social movements
b. many things drive social change, often simultaneously with social movement action
c. social movements actions can have consequences different from what was intended
*d. All of the above make it difficult to know how social movements drive social change

Mobilizing public opinion was an effective tactic used by what social movement, against
whom?
*a. the movement to limit the promotion of infant formula, against Nestlé Corporation
b. the anti-apartheid movement, against the South African government
c. the Zionist movement to create Israel, against the Palestinians
d. the Christian conservative movement, against public schools

Violence used against what social movement led public opinion to grow much more
favorable toward its cause and helped propel legislation in its favor?
a. the environmental movement
b. the pro-abortion movement
c. the consumer protection movement
*d. the civil rights movement

Following the 1973 Roe v. Wade US Supreme Court decision on abortion, a social
movement emerged to:
a. make adoptions easier
b. make contraceptives more widely available to teenagers
c. encourage sexual abstinence among single women
*d. have abortions restricted as much as possible

The discussion of pro- and anti-abortion public opinion shows how:

a. large amounts of money are the key to effectively changing public opinion
*b. both sides have worked to move public opinion, but it has changed little for decades
c. lawmakers are more responsive to campaign money than public opinion
d. women and men have nearly opposite positions on abortion rights

On the issue of abortion, most Americans say they:

*a. support abortion rights in some circumstances
b. strongly oppose terminating a pregnancy at any time, for any reason
c. are undecided, inasmuch as they believe it will never be an issue for them personally
d. None of the above. Pollsters have determined that opinions on this highly emotional
issue cannot be reliably measured

William Gamson pioneered the study of the effectiveness of social movements by

looking at:
*a. how successful movements were in getting laws passed, court decisions rendered, and
getting heard in political discussions
b. charismatic leadership of social movements
c. court decisions and judges’ attribution of their decision to social movement activity
d. the mobilization of opposition forces against a social movement

Social movements that seek to change “outlooks, personal practices, uses of technology,
and ways of living” are focused on having:
a. legal impacts
b. policy impacts
*c. cultural impacts
d. public opinion impacts
Who said “If you want to change the world, be that change”?
a. John Kennedy
*b. Mohandas Gandhi
c. the Prophet Mohammed
d. Napoleon Bonaparte

Like much of the environmental movement, the ____ movement tries to get people to
change their personal choices and alter their behavior in matters relating to ____.
a. anti-nuclear power…energy use
b. civil rights…institutional racism
*c. food…what they eat
d. family values…marriage and family

What social movements seek to change individuals but avoids trying to make social
change?
a. libertarian movements
b. religious and other spiritual movements
c. reformist movements
*d. escapist and insular movements

Who is quoted at length in the text about how social movement participation changed
him/her:
*a. a homeless man
b. an “ordinary housewife”
c. an Occupy Wall Street participant
d. a Vietnam War veteran

The accumulation of the effects of social movement participation, when many people are
active in one or more movements during the same period of time, can create a:
a. loss of social support for conventional activity, including working and raising families
b. disorganized society
c. breakdown in routine political activity
*d. period effect of social change

The anti-globalization movement is described as:

a. a progressive transnational social movement
*b. resisting the direction of social change being driven by multinational corporations
c. a sometimes violent social movement engaged in “repertoires of disruption”
d. an environmentalist social movement

Which nation in 2009 successfully suppressed a pro-democracy social movement by

banning protests, jailing and killing protesters, and blocking cell phone and Internet
service?
a. Indonesia
b. Russia
*c. Iran
d. Chile