Department of

Electronics And Communication Engineering

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

UNIT 4 –DATA PROCESSING

Year/Sem : IV/II
Elective : DE-VI
Subject Code : 18ECE421
Faculty Name : Dr. K.Sathesh

MADANAPALLE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &

SCIENCE
 UNIT IV: DATA PROCESSING

✓Dissemination protocol for large sensor network.

✓Data dissemination, data gathering, and data fusion;
✓Quality of a sensor network;
✓Real-time traffic support and
✓Security protocols
Dissemination protocol for large sensor network.

• Introduction
• Three main design challenges
• Design goals for dissemination protocols in large sensor networks
• Summary of Data Dissemination Protocols for Sensor Networks
Introduction:
• Dissemination protocols in a large sensor network typically take a
data-centric paradigm in which the communication primitives are
organized around the sensing data instead of the network nodes.

• A user expresses his interest in a given data type by specifying a

query message, which then propagates through the network.

• When detecting a nearby stimulus that matches the query type,

sensors generate data reports which traverse the network to reach
the interested user.
Introduction:

• The large scale of a sensor network, the resource constraints

of each node in terms of energy, computation and memory,
and potentially frequent node failures all present formidable
challenges to reliable data dissemination.

• The protocols must be energy efficient, robust against

failures and channel dynamics, and be able to scale to large
networks.
Three main design challenges

1. Network scale
2. Constrained resources at each sensor node
3. Unpredictable node failures and unreliable wireless channel
 1.Network scale

• A sensor network may have thousands or even hundreds of

thousands of nodes to cover a vast geographical area.

• Each sensor node is a potential data source, and multiple sinks may
exist.

• In contrast, a conventional ad-hoc network has no more than a few

hundred nodes in general.
 2.Constrained resources at each sensor node

• To reduce cost and increase spatial sensing coverage, sensor nodes are typically
simple and inexpensive devices manufactured according to the economy of
scale.
• Compared to the typical notebook/desktop computers that serve a conventional
ad-hoc network or wired Internet, sensors tend to have limited battery energy,
relatively low-end CPUs, and constrained memory size.
• Once the battery is depleted, a node may be considered useless.
• Recharging nodes is difficult due to the ad hoc deployment and the large node
population
 3. Unpredictable node failures and unreliable wireless
channel
• The limited energy supply and small size make it infeasible to equip nodes
with powerful radios and large antennas for high communication channel
quality.
• Potential environmental obstacles and interferences further exacerbate the
situation, making the wireless communication channel used by the sensor
nodes prone to errors.
• In a harsh environment, sensor nodes themselves may fail or be destroyed
unexpectedly.
• These operating conditions can be much worse than those of conventional ad
hoc wireless networks.
Design goals for dissemination protocols in large sensor networks

• Generally speaking, there are three desired properties for data dissemination
protocols in a wireless sensor network:
➢Scalable and distributed solution
The dissemination protocol should scale with a large number of nodes,
multiple sources and sinks.
➢Energy efficiency
Since energy is the most critical resource, the protocol should minimize
computation and especially communication operations.
➢Robustness
The protocol should be able to work with highly dynamic, error-prone
wireless communication channels, as well as fallible nodes that may fail due to
damage or energy depletion.
Data dissemination, data gathering, and
data fusion
Quality of a Sensor Network
 Security Protocols for Sensor Networks
• Symmetric and Public Key Cryptography
• Key Management
• Security Protocols for Sensor Networks