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sUBJECT NOTES

The document discusses key topics in computer networking including types of networks like LANs and WANs, common network topologies, important protocols, networking devices, IP addressing, subnetting, network security concepts, and troubleshooting tools. Specifically, it covers TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP3, and IMAP protocols, as well as routers, switches, hubs, firewalls, IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, VPNs, encryption, ping, and traceroute utilities.

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Ramakant Soni
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
89 views6 pages

sUBJECT NOTES

The document discusses key topics in computer networking including types of networks like LANs and WANs, common network topologies, important protocols, networking devices, IP addressing, subnetting, network security concepts, and troubleshooting tools. Specifically, it covers TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP3, and IMAP protocols, as well as routers, switches, hubs, firewalls, IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, VPNs, encryption, ping, and traceroute utilities.

Uploaded by

Ramakant Soni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

**Types of Networks:**

- LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographic area, like a single building or campus.

- WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans larger distances, often connecting multiple LANs.

- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city or large campus.

- PAN (Personal Area Network): Connects devices within an individual's personal space.

2. **Network Topologies:**

- Bus Topology: All devices share a single communication line.

- Star Topology: All devices connect to a central hub or switch.

- Ring Topology: Devices are connected in a circular manner.

- Mesh Topology: Every device is connected to every other device.

3. **Protocols:**

- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): The fundamental protocol suite of the
internet.

- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Used for transmitting web pages over the internet.

- FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files between a client and a server.

- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used for sending emails.

- POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): Used for receiving
emails.

4. **Networking Devices:**

- Router: For connecting different networks and directing traffic between them.

- Switch: Connects devices within the same network, forwarding data to the intended recipient.

- Hub: Passively broadcasts data to all devices on a network.

- Firewall: A security device that filters and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.

5. **IP Addressing:**

- IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4): Most widely used version of IP addresses.

- IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6): Developed to address the limitations of IPv4 and provide a
larger address space.
6. **Subnetting:**

- Dividing a larger network into smaller subnetworks for better organization and management.

7. **Network Security:**

- Encryption: Protects data by converting it into a code that can only be read with the right
decryption key.

- VPN (Virtual Private Network): Provides secure communication over a public network by creating
an encrypted "tunnel."

- Firewall: A hardware or software barrier that filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based
on predefined security rules.

8. **Network Troubleshooting:**

- Ping: A utility to test the reachability of a host on a network.

- Traceroute: Shows the route and transit times of packets across an IP network.

- Wireshark: A network protocol analyzer for capturing and analyzing packets on a network.

1. **Types of Networks:**

- LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographic area, like a single building or campus.

- WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans larger distances, often connecting multiple LANs.

- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city or large campus.

- PAN (Personal Area Network): Connects devices within an individual's personal space.

2. **Network Topologies:**

- Bus Topology: All devices share a single communication line.

- Star Topology: All devices connect to a central hub or switch.

- Ring Topology: Devices are connected in a circular manner.

- Mesh Topology: Every device is connected to every other device.

3. **Protocols:**

- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): The fundamental protocol suite of the
internet.

- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Used for transmitting web pages over the internet.

- FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files between a client and a server.
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used for sending emails.

- POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): Used for receiving
emails.

4. **Networking Devices:**

- Router: For connecting different networks and directing traffic between them.

- Switch: Connects devices within the same network, forwarding data to the intended recipient.

- Hub: Passively broadcasts data to all devices on a network.

- Firewall: A security device that filters and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.

5. **IP Addressing:**

- IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4): Most widely used version of IP addresses.

- IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6): Developed to address the limitations of IPv4 and provide a
larger address space.

6. **Subnetting:**

- Dividing a larger network into smaller subnetworks for better organization and management.

7. **Network Security:**

- Encryption: Protects data by converting it into a code that can only be read with the right
decryption key.

- VPN (Virtual Private Network): Provides secure communication over a public network by creating
an encrypted "tunnel."

- Firewall: A hardware or software barrier that filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based
on predefined security rules.

8. **Network Troubleshooting:**

- Ping: A utility to test the reachability of a host on a network.

- Traceroute: Shows the route and transit times of packets across an IP network.

- Wireshark: A network protocol analyzer for capturing and analyzing packets on a network.

1. **Types of Networks:**

- LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographic area, like a single building or campus.
- WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans larger distances, often connecting multiple LANs.

- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city or large campus.

- PAN (Personal Area Network): Connects devices within an individual's personal space.

2. **Network Topologies:**

- Bus Topology: All devices share a single communication line.

- Star Topology: All devices connect to a central hub or switch.

- Ring Topology: Devices are connected in a circular manner.

- Mesh Topology: Every device is connected to every other device.

3. **Protocols:**

- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): The fundamental protocol suite of the
internet.

- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Used for transmitting web pages over the internet.

- FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files between a client and a server.

- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used for sending emails.

- POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): Used for receiving
emails.

4. **Networking Devices:**

- Router: For connecting different networks and directing traffic between them.

- Switch: Connects devices within the same network, forwarding data to the intended recipient.

- Hub: Passively broadcasts data to all devices on a network.

- Firewall: A security device that filters and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.

5. **IP Addressing:**

- IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4): Most widely used version of IP addresses.

- IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6): Developed to address the limitations of IPv4 and provide a
larger address space.

6. **Subnetting:**

- Dividing a larger network into smaller subnetworks for better organization and management.
7. **Network Security:**

- Encryption: Protects data by converting it into a code that can only be read with the right
decryption key.

- VPN (Virtual Private Network): Provides secure communication over a public network by creating
an encrypted "tunnel."

- Firewall: A hardware or software barrier that filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based
on predefined security rules.

8. **Network Troubleshooting:**

- Ping: A utility to test the reachability of a host on a network.

- Traceroute: Shows the route and transit times of packets across an IP network.

- Wireshark: A network protocol analyzer for capturing and analyzing packets on a network.

1. **Types of Networks:**

- LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographic area, like a single building or campus.

- WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans larger distances, often connecting multiple LANs.

- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city or large campus.

- PAN (Personal Area Network): Connects devices within an individual's personal space.

2. **Network Topologies:**

- Bus Topology: All devices share a single communication line.

- Star Topology: All devices connect to a central hub or switch.

- Ring Topology: Devices are connected in a circular manner.

- Mesh Topology: Every device is connected to every other device.

3. **Protocols:**

- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): The fundamental protocol suite of the
internet.

- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Used for transmitting web pages over the internet.

- FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files between a client and a server.

- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used for sending emails.


- POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): Used for receiving
emails.

4. **Networking Devices:**

- Router: For connecting different networks and directing traffic between them.

- Switch: Connects devices within the same network, forwarding data to the intended recipient.

- Hub: Passively broadcasts data to all devices on a network.

- Firewall: A security device that filters and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.

5. **IP Addressing:**

- IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4): Most widely used version of IP addresses.

- IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6): Developed to address the limitations of IPv4 and provide a
larger address space.

6. **Subnetting:**

- Dividing a larger network into smaller subnetworks for better organization and management.

7. **Network Security:**

- Encryption: Protects data by converting it into a code that can only be read with the right
decryption key.

- VPN (Virtual Private Network): Provides secure communication over a public network by creating
an encrypted "tunnel."

- Firewall: A hardware or software barrier that filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based
on predefined security rules.

8. **Network Troubleshooting:**

- Ping: A utility to test the reachability of a host on a network.

- Traceroute: Shows the route and transit times of packets across an IP network.

- Wireshark: A network protocol analyzer for capturing and analyzing packets on a network.

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