BUSINESS STUDIES

Project 2- CASE STUDY ON A PRODUCT

PROJECT ON JACKFRUITS

Presented By:
Twinkle Kejriwal
 Grade: XI-C

INDEX
Introduction
Health benefits
Risks and warnings
Change in prices
Farmers survive covid 19
Change in price due to transport
Warehouse facilities
Functions of warehouse
Climate conditions required for growth
Processing of jackfruit
Jackfruit- a south Indian fruit
Consumer analysis
Conclusion
Bibliography
 PROJECT ON JACKFRUITS:
INTRODUCTION:

Jackfruit is a tropical tree fruit grown in Asia, Africa and South

America. Under its thick, bumpy rind is a stringy flesh that you can eat
raw or cooked in a variety of dishes.
Jackfruit is the last tree-borne fruit in the world, weighing up to 40
pounds or more. The scientific name for jackfruit is Artocarpus
heterophyllus.
Like many fruits, jackfruit contains some fiber for healthy digestion and
very little fat.
Jackfruit also contains vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals that have
health benefits.
The combination of potassium, fiber and antioxidants can benefit heart
health. Jackfruit also contains flavonoids and lignans, plant compounds
that may help fight inflammation.
Jackfruit’s health benefits aren’t a new discovery. Ancient people used
jackfruit as medicine. In folk medicine, where jackfruit is grown, people
have used it for its antimicrobial and antifungal properties. But no large
studies have proven that it has medicinal value, so don’t use it to treat
health conditions.
When jackfruit is unripe, it has a neutral flavor that pairs well with
savory dishes. Jackfruit’s biggest claim is to frame its ability to imitate a
barbecue meat sandwich.
Ripe jackfruit will have a sweet, tropical fruit flavor that works well as a
snack or added to sweet dishes. It tastes like other tropical fruits like
mango, banana or pineapple when ripe.
HEALTH BENEFITS OF JACKFRUITS:
Jackfruits are a good source of:
Vitamin c
Magnesium
Potassium
Phosphorus
Folic acid (vitamin b9)
Niacin (vitamin b3)
Pyridoxine (vitamin b6)
Jack fruit maybe higher in some vitamins and minerals than apples,
apricots, bananas and avocados.
The antioxidants present in jackfruit protect the cells in our body from
all the harmful bacteria and help the body work right.
They may help prevent diseases like cancer, heart diseases as well as eye
problems and muscular degeneration. While the inside flesh is high in
these disease-fighting compounds, the seeds may contain even more.
The nutrients in jack fruit may help cure the following diseases:
Constipation- Helps in maintaining the bowel movements
regularly.
 Ulcers- Helps in preventing the formation of ulcers in your
stomach
Diabetes- The body absorbs and digests the fruit slowly than
other foods which means your blood sugar won’t rise as quickly
as it might when you eat other foods.
High blood pressure- The potassium in the fruit helps in keeping
the blood pressure in check.

RISKS AND WARNINGS:

While a jackfruit allergy is rare, you’re at higher risk if you have a birch
pollen allergy. This means that you have an itchy mouth or swollen lips
when you eat other foods in this group such as apples, almonds, carrots,
celery, cherries, and hazelnuts.
Jackfruit can cause drowsiness if combined with medication used during
and after a surgery. Stop taking jackfruit at least 2 weeks before a
scheduled surgery.

CHANGE IN PRICES OF JACKFRUITS:

There is a spurt in the arrival of jackfruit in the Thammampatti market,
thanks to the good crop season in kolli hills of the neighboring
Namakkal district.
Jackfruit is a major cash crop in more than 100 villages situated in the
kolli region. The tribal villages experienced widespread rainfall, leading
to a good cropping season. With good yield during this harvest period,
jackfruit stock arrives in the mini trucks and load trucks and load vans
every day from the village of kolli’s hills. As such many temporary
shops selling jackfruits have sprung up on all the main roads.
Due to the bulk arrival, the price of the fruits has registered a steep fall.
The fruit, which was priced between Rs. 150 and Rs. 200, is now being
sold between Rs. 50- Rs. 100 based on their size.
Palakkad: jackfruit is the most popular fruit in villages and cities alike
but the production has declined this time. Though tones of jackfruits are
sent to other states, the farmers get only a meagre amount.
One ton of jackfruit fetches only Rs. 7000. Two years ago, price of a ton
of jackfruit was Rs. 18000, the farmers said. When the jackfruit is sent
to other states, the middlemen get the profit. Many merchants purchase
the fruit from hill ranges.
Small scale vendors arrive with vehicles and buy jackfruits for
wholesale. They pay Rs. 30 for one jackfruit regardless of its size. The
price of one jackfruit was Rs. 100 2 years ago.
Jackfruit is produced more in Ranni and the premises in Pathanamthitta.
The fruits are sold to small scale merchants in Erumelli. Wholesale
vendors take them to other states.
Biscuit, baby food and similar value added products are made from
jackfruit. Farmers said that climate change resulted in low production of
jackfruit this time.
HOW DID JACKFRUIT FARMERS SURVIVE COVID 19:
Jackfruit, along with mango and banana, is one of the 3 primary
horticultural crops in Tamil Nadu and parts of Kerala.
Due to the nationwide lockdown in the wake of the novel coronavirus
disease (covid 19) pandemic, millions of jackfruits are yet to be picked
up from trees, causing huge losses to farmers and seasonal contractors.
COVID- 19 is a nightmare to agriculture in general and horticultural
products in particular. While jackfruits are cultivated commercially in
Tamil Nadu’s Cuddalore, Pudukottai, Dindigul and Thanjavur districts,
they are grown in backyards in Kerala for domestic use.
In Karnataka’s Tumkuru and Hassan districts, farmers raise jackfruits in
so-called strip plantations, where a field is partitioned into long, narrow
strips which are alternated in a crop rotation system.
The jackfruit tree flowers during December- January and is ready for
harvest in March- April as a summer fruit.
Farmers in Tamil Nadu grow jackfruit in more than 30,000 acres of
orchards; as intercrop with mango, gooseberry, cashew and sapota and
in strip plantation on dry land field bunds.
Within a couple of months of flowering, farmers cut a few fruits and sell
them to be used for making curry. Healthy fruit grows in size and is
ready for harvest after 4 months.
Realizing the economic significance of this crop, many farmers
borrowed and invested to grow it in large orchards in Alangulam and
Aranthangi taluks in Pudukottai, Pandruti taluk in Cuddalore, Sirumalai
hills in Dindigul district an Oranthanadu taluk in Thanjavur.
Red, sandy soil, with moderate humidity, is ideal for growing this crop
without much water and chemicals and the fruits grown in these areas
are tasty.
In 2018, cyclone Gaja devastated Thanjavur, Dindigul and Pudukottai
districts and uprooted and spoiled jackfruit trees which caused heavy
losses to the farmers.
Due to normal rainfall and favorable climatic conditions in 2019,
jackfruit trees yielded well and farmers were happy.
But then came covid 19.
Besides farmers, petty traders also make a quick buck during the
jackfruit season in crowded places like bus stands, railway stations and
regular large market yards.
Now these local places are shut. Only head loaders and push cart sellers
are selling on bare minimum scale in local temporary market yards.
During normal years, mounds of jackfruits welcome travelers on both
sides of busy Chennai- Kanyakumari national highway from
Villuppuram to Thiruchirappalli and farmers, pretty traders and
contractors do good business.
Contractors normally pay advance after assessing whether the tree is
flowering. This year, they paid crores of rupees as advance expecting a
good harvest.
Unfortunately, they have been unable to harvest, process and supply to
major markets like Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad and Mumbai.
The demand for jackfruits is around 100 tones every day during peak
season and the total turnover is around Rs. 150 crores.
Shortage of labor for harvesting, grading, loading and restriction on
truck movements have affected the business. Now, contractors are in for
huge losses as the advance cannot be taken back from farmers. This is
because it was an informal agreement based on mutual trust.
Farmers have already spent the advance amount for cleaning the
gardens, fencing, pruning the trees and intercultural operations including
removing weeds and thorny bushes to pave for a smooth harvest and
transportation of the fruits.
Resource-poor marginal and small farmers are unable to pay the advance
while some large farmers are willing to adjust a partial amount during
the next crop season.
In normal years, mini trucks go close to the gardens, transport it to
distant places of other states. The drivers have now been rendered
jobless.
Local laborers, who are experts in identifying ripened fruits and
harvesting fruits without causing damage to others, have also been
rendered jobless.
The activities in manufacturing and services, that provide non-essential,
may be suspended, though with serious consequences. However,
agricultural operations cannot be postponed much longer. Any delay
may disturb the production system and affect India’s food security.
Therefore, the unions as well as the state governments are trying hard to
resume agriculture- related activities.
CHANGE IN PRICES DUE TO TRANSPORT FACILITIES:
Organic fruit farmers in agency areas can now heave a sigh of relief as
Integrated tribal development agency (ITDA) has taken a big leap to
help them strengthen their livelihood.
In order to fetch a minimum support price(MSP) for the tribal farmers
for their produce and remove the involvement of middlemen, the ITDA
decided to provide a transport facility and help the farmers sell their
produce directly to the consumers.
At present, the facility is provided to pineapple, custard apple and
jackfruit growers. Elaborating further, ITDA project officer
Gopalakrishna Ronaki says, “The tribal farmers are not getting
remunerative price for their produce due to the presence of middlemen.
The ITDA is facilitating vehicles to transport the fruits produced by the
tribal farmers and thereby enhancing their livelihood.”
At present there may not be enough drivers available to take the most
efficient routes. This leads many companies to increase their wages to
make a career in trucking more attractive, or to entice truckers to switch
companies. Salaries are quite attractive, but the end consumer pays the
price difference.
How Transportation Brokers Can Help:
As you can see the effect on prices in the absences of effective
transportation system is having many moving parts, which is where a
product transportation broker can assist. Many warehouses and
distribution centers have experienced the logistic nightmare of working
with the wrong transportation companies. This helps the farmers who
cannot carry their fruits to other markets due to lack of adequate
transport facilities. He noted that transportation is key to rural farmers
ferrying their produce to the towns, adding that they cannot achieve
success if they fail to transport their fruits to consumers.

CHANGE IN PRICE DUE TO WAREHOUSE FACILITIES:

Lack of storage, marketing and infrastructure development facilities are
the major obstacles to ensuring fair prices of seasonal fruits.
Farmers have been producing tones of various kinds of fruits, harvesting
huge quantities of fruits, but they could not get fair prices due to absence
of storage and transport facilities, Adeyemo, Deputy Director,
Department of General Administration, Agricultural and Rural
Management Institute (ARMTI).
It was said that farmers have counted heavy losses following absence of
storage facilities, which made them sell their fruits at throwaway prices.
Every year tones of different kinds of rotten seasonal fruits such as
mangoes, pineapples, watermelons, oranges, tomatoes, bananas, papaya,
jackfruits and guavas worth over millions of millions are being perished
due to lack of cold storages, fruit processing plants, marketing and
transport facilities.
The government was called on to support farmers set up cold storages,
fruits processing plants, modern road and marketing facilities.
It came to be known that farmers are facing serious infrastructure and
logistic problems, including lack of cold storage and transport facilities.
The most effective way of preserving and keeping food items fresh after
harvest is to store those in suitable temperatures and freezing produce
straight after harvest is also a common method used around the world
mostly for highly perishable produce.
This type of storage facilities provides a very long shelf life, but it
requires an effective cold chain infrastructure.
FUNCTIONS OF WAREHOUSE:
A warehouse can be considered as a space dedicated to storing goods
and materials efficiently. Warehouses are used by nearly all kinds of
persons and entities engaged in business, like manufacturers,
wholesalers, exporters, importers, etc.
Numerous types of business require warehouses, including transport and
customers, among others.
So, in the most straightforward words, a warehouse is a building for
storing goods. But in practice, it is much more than that.
While this task seems relatively insignificant compared to other business
process segments, it’s imperative to realize that is a dynamic operation
and can generate a profitable return on investment when employed
efficiently. The role of a warehouse is crucial to say the least.
1. Storage – The primary function of a warehouse is to provide
storage space for equipment, inventory or other items. It offers
appropriate facilities to the enterprises for storing their goods when
they aren’t for a sale. This helps prevent wastage of stock and
ensure its protection and safety. Such goods may be held from the
time of their production to their consumption.
2. Safeguarding of goods – A warehouse offers protection to goods
from loss, theft or damage due to unfavorable weather conditions
like heat, wind, dust and moisture, etc.
A warehouse can make particular arrangements for different
products catering to their nature. A warehouse can significantly cut
down losses due to spoilage of goods and wastage during storage.
 3. Financing – financing is another one of the diverse functions of a
warehouse. Warehouse financing is a type of inventory financing
that involves a loan provided by a financial institution to a
manufacturer, company, or processor. In this case, goods,
inventory or commodities are deposited in a warehouse and used as
collateral for the loan.
When goods are transferred to any warehouse, the depositor gets
a receipt, which acts as evidence about the deposit of goods. The
warehouse can also issue a certificate in favor of the owner of the
goods, which is called ‘Warehouse-keeper’s warrant’. This is a
document of title and can be passed on by simple endorsement and
delivery. So while the goods are in the custody of the warehouse-
keeper, the owner can procure loans from banks and other financial
institutions, pledging this warrant as security.
4. Price stabilization- Warehouses play a crucial role in the process
of price stabilization. They help control violent fluctuations in
prices by –
 Storing goods, when their supply exceeds demand in the market. 
 Releasing goods, when the demand gains pace.
When there is excess demand in the market, the extra inflow of
goods may further decrease their price and lead to losses for the business
owners. Hence, in this case, the warehouses hold the stock back until the
demand for such goods rises again.
This is how warehouses ensure a regular supply of goods in the market
by matching supply with demand, hence, stabilizing prices.
5. Risk bearing- The moment goods are delivered for storage, the
liability of these goods transfers to the warehouse-keeper.
Consequently, the risk of loss or damage to goods is borne by the
 warehouse keeper. Since it is now its obligation to return the goods
in good condition, the warehouse becomes responsible for any
mishappenings. Thus, it takes all precautions to prevent any such
situation. The stored goods may also be insured for compensation
in case of loss.

CLIMATE CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR GROWTH OF

JACKFRUITS:
1. Soil and climate:
Jackfruit can be grown on a wide variety of soils but, it is grown
well in a rich, deep, alluvial and well-drained soil. It can grow on
an open textured or lateritic soil provided sufficient nutrients are
available. It grows well in a warm, humid climate up to an
elevation of 1500msl.

2. Propagation:
Seed- Jackfruit is commonly propagated by seeds. Seed should be
sown immediately after extraction since they lose their viability
during storage.
Air layering- It is one of the best methods to obtain true to type
plant. Air layering of one-year-old shoot of bearing plant gives
higher success when treated with 500ppm.
3. Planting:
Seedlings are planted in square system with spacing of 10m x 10m.
June to August is ideal time for planting

4. Manure and fertilizers:

Both chemical and organic fertilizers are recommended. Fertilize
the jackfruit with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium
at 6 months to 3 years in the ratio 8:4:2:1.
 5. Irrigation:
Jackfruit is cultivated in northeast as a rain fed crops. The young
trees are sensitive to drought. So for better growth of the seedlings,
watering should be done during summer and winter months.

6. Insects/ pests:
Shoot and trunk borer: The caterpillar bore into the shoots bud and
fruit and cause severe damage. The infected part should be cut and
destroyed.
Fruit rot: The pathogen usually infects the male inflorescence and
fruits. The rot starts near, the stalk end, which get covered with the
mycelium.

PROCESSING OF JACKFRUITS:
 JACKFRUIT- A NATIVE SOUTH INDIAN FRUIT:

The jackfruit is native to south India. It has a long history of

cultivation in Kerala and other southern states, and finds mention in
ancient Sangam literature. Archaeological findings suggest that
jackfruit was cultivated in India 3,000-6,000 years ago.

Jackfruit has traditionally been viewed as a source of affordable

sustenance, as it is easy to grow, is resistant to pests and drought, and
has a large yield. The average jackfruit tree yields over a hundred
fruits a year. Combined with its versatility as a fruit that lends itself to
a variety of dishes — sweet and savory, simple and special occasion
— the jackfruit has long been an intrinsic part of Kerala cuisine, and
Malayali identity. In Kerala, the triumvirate of coconut, jackfruit and
mango trees is an extension of the home. With food processing
technologies becoming more accessible, and a growing demand for
processed jackfruit snacks beyond India, jackfruit is now becoming an
economically significant part of Kerala’s food industry. In recognition
of its special status, in 2018, the Kerala government designated
jackfruit the official state fruit.
 CONSUMER ANALYSIS:
The Jackfruit Market size is estimated to reach $359.1 million by 2026,
growing at a CAGR of 3.3% during the forecast period 2021-2026.

 Geographically, the Asia Pacific region accounted for the highest

revenue share in 2020. It is poised to dominate the Jackfruit market over
the period 2021-2026 owing to the high popularity of the fruit in the
region and the presence of a favourable climate for its cultivation.
 An increase in awareness of the health benefits provided by jackfruits
such as cardiovascular health, immunity boost, and anti-inflammatory
properties are driving the market. However, the dearth of adequate
storage facilities for these perishable fruits acts as a significant challenge
to the Jackfruit market. 
 Detailed analysis on the Strength, Weaknesses, and Opportunities of the
prominent players operating in the market will be provided in the
Jackfruit Market report.

Jackfruit Market Segment Analysis-By Distribution Channel:

On the basis of Distribution, the Jackfruit market is segmented into
Online Retail, Retail Stores, Supermarkets, and Food & Drink Specialty
Stores. The Supermarket segment accounted for the largest share of the
market in 2020 owing to their rapid expansion in major developing
regions and their high penetration in developed countries. The large size
of Supermarkets allows them to house a wide variety of jackfruit
products which is not possible for specialty stores. Moreover, they have
temperature-controlled shelves to ensure the jackfruit products remain
fresh for a longer duration. The E-commerce segment is predicted to be
the fastest growing during the forecast period with a CAGR of 3.8%
owing to the increase in the use of smartphones and rise in awareness
regarding online shopping. Moreover, the Covid-19 pandemic and the
resulting restrictions placed on traveling and shopping have further
boosted the growth of E-commerce sites. The growth in internet
connectivity in major developing nations is another reason for the surge
in online shopping. For instance, the internet penetration rate in India
increased from 18% in 2014 to 50% in 2020. 

Jackfruit Market Segment Analysis-By Geography:

The Jackfruit Market based on Geography can be further segmented into

North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and the Rest of
the World. The Asia Pacific was the largest segment in 2020 with 37%
of the Jackfruit market share and is predicted to remain as the dominant
segment during the forecast period 2021-2026. The growth in this
segment is owing to the high investment by private companies in the
development of new and innovative jackfruit products. Moreover, the
policies implemented by the governments of the region in order to
increase production and supply of the fruit have also aided in boosting
demand. The North American segment is projected to register the
highest growth during the forecast period owing to the increase in
awareness regarding the fruit’s nutritional benefits.

Jackfruit Market Share, By Geography, 2020 (%)

CONCLUSION:
The jackfruit, also known as jack tree, is a species of tree in the fig,
mulberry and breadfruit family. Its origin is in the region between the
Western Ghats of southern India, all of Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and the
rainforests of the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia.
Jackfruit is commonly used in South and Southeast Asian cuisines. Both
ripe and unripe fruits are consumed. It is available internationally canned
or frozen and in chilled meals as are various products derived from the
fruit such as noodles and chips.
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