OCR Maths FP1

Topic Questions from Papers

Complex Numbers

Answers


PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 M1 Eliminate to obtain a quadratic in x or y
A1
M1 Obtain
Solvegiven answer
to obtain x correctly
= PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(±) 5 or y = (±) 2
±( 5 – 2i ) 6
A1 6 Obtain correct answers as complex numbers
1
3. (i) 22 – 2i B1B1 2 Correct real and imaginary parts
6
5. 2 M1 Showconjugate
correct process
(ii) z*(r= +2 –1)3i – r(r + 2) B1 Correct seen orfor subtracting fractions
implied
(i) 5 – 14i B1B1 3 Correct real and imaginary parts
(r + 2)(r + 1)
1 M1 Attempt to use w*
(iii) 4 + 1 i A1 2 Obtain given answer correctly
(r + 1)(r A1 2 Obtain correct answer in any form
17 17 + 2)
PMT 7
(ii) EITHER (Q3, June 2005)
2 1 3 2 n+1 M1
n Mark Express terms as differences using (i)
4725 – + – ... – Scheme June 2005
3 2 4 3 n+2 n+1 A1 At least first two and last term correct

4.
2 M1
M1 Attempt
Show or to equate
imply thatreal and
pairs imaginary
of terms parts of
cancel
2 n2 + 1 1 (x + iy)2 and 21 –20i
x – y = 21 –and xy = – 10 A1A1
A1 4 Obtain correct
Obtain each result
answer in any form
n+2 2
M1 Eliminate to obtain a quadratic in x2 or y2
M1 Solve to obtain x = (±) 5 or y = (±) 2
±( 5 –OR n

Σ
2i )
A1
M2 6 State
Obtainthat ur = f(nas+complex
correct answers 1) – f(1)
numbers
r=1
A1A1 6
5. 2 M1 Each term
Show correct
correct process for subtracting fractions
(r1 + 1) – r(r + 2) (Q4, June 2005)
(i)
(iii) B1 ft 1
Obtain value from their sum to n terms
2(r + 2)(r + 1)
1 7
A1 2 Obtain given answer correctly
6.
3 (r + 1)(r + 2)
(i) Circle B1 Sketch(s) showing correct features, each mark
Centre (0, 2) B1 52 independent
Radius 2 B1
(ii) Straight
EITHER
line B1
2 1 origin
Through 3 with
2 positive
n + 1slope n M1
B1 5 Express terms as differences using (i)
– + – ... –
(ii) 03or 02+0i 4
and 23 + 2i n+2 n+1
A1
B1ftB1f 2 At leastintersections
Obtain first two and as
lastcomplex
term correct
numbers
T
t
M1 7 Show or imply that pairs of terms cancel
n+1 1
4725 (a) (i) α+ +2 β =2 2 αβ = 4 Mark Scheme
8. – B1B1 2 Values stated
n A1 4 Obtain correct answer January
in any form2006June 2005)
(Q6,
(ii) EITHER
2Mark2 Total M1 2 2
Use α + βn = (α + β ) – 2αβ
2
α +β = –4
Σ
OR A1 2
M2 O btainthat
State given answer
ur = correctly
f(n + 1) – f(1)
4 OR r=1
1. (i) 2 + 16i –i –8i2 M1
M1 Attempt
Findtonum
multiply correctly
eric values of roots, square and add
10 +15i A1A1
A1
A1 2 Obtain
Eachcorrect
term answer
correct
Obtain given answer correctly
(iii)
(ii) 1 M1 Multiply numerator & denominator by conjugate
(iii) B1 ft 1
A1 Obtain
Obtain value from
denominator 2 5 2their sum to n terms
2 State or use α β = 16
1 2x + 4x + 16 = 0 B1
7
(10 + 15i) or 2 + 3i A1ft 3 Their part (i) or 10 + 15i derived again / 5
5
6. (i) Circle B1 Sketch(s) showing correct features, each mark
Centre (0, 2) B1 5 independent
Radius 2 B1 (Q1, Jan 2006)
2. 2 Straight line B1
1
× 1origin
1 =Through × 2 ×with
3 positive slope B1
B1 5Show result true for n = 1or 2
6 53
(ii)
1 0 or 0 +0i and 2 + 2i 2 B1ftB1f 2 Obtain intersections as complex numbers
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) + (n + 1) M1
t Add next term to given sum formula, any letter OK
6 7
8. (a) (i) α + β = 2 αβ = 4 DM1
B1B1 2Attempt to factorise
Values stated or expand and simplify

1 (ii) EITHER
(n + 1)(2n + 2){2(n + 1) + 1} M1
A1 Correct 2 2 2
2
α +β = –4 Useexpression
α + β =obtained
(α + β ) – 2αβ
6 A1 5 2
Obtain given answer correctly
A1 Specific statement of induction conclusion, with no
OR M1 5 errors seen
Find numeric values of roots, square and add
A1
(iii) Obtain given answer correctly
 (ii) ⎛ 30 ⎞ B1 A – B correctly found
4725 ⎜ ⎟ Mark Scheme PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
January 2006
⎝ 03 ⎠

7. k=3 B1 2
5 (a) (i) 13 Find k
B1 1 Obtain correct answer, decimals OK
MT (ii) 4
–1 b
M1 Using tan /a, or equivalent trig allow + or -
4725 - 0.59 A1
Mark Scheme Obtain 0.59 June 2006
A1 3 Obtain correct answer
MT 2 (b) (i) 3 2
M1 For 2 other correct vertices
4. Σr + Σr M1
M1 Consider the sum
Express LHS as two separate
in Cartesian form & parts
equate real
A1 2 andcompletely
For imaginary parts
correct diagram
4725 12 – 2i1 A1A1
Mark Scheme Obtain x = 1 and y = -2 June 2006
Σr =
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) A1
A1 4 Correct
Correct formula stated as a complex number
answer written
6 32
(c) Σ r + Σ r
4. M1
B1
Consider the sum as two separate parts
Sketch of vertical straight line
B1 2 Through ( - 0.5, 0)
3 1 2 2
Σ r =11 –n 1(n⎞ + 1)
2⎛ B1
Σr ⎜= 4 n(n ⎟+ 1)(2n + 1)
(ii) A1 B1 2 Each
10 column
Correct correct
formula stated
8. (i) ⎝ 06 1 ⎠ 4 (Q7, Jan 2006)
B1 For correct vertex (2, -2)
1
⎛ 0 ⎞n(n3 ⎛12 ⎞
+ 1)(n
2 ⎛+ 2)(3n
22 ⎞ + 1)
⎛ 0 ⎞ M1 Attempt to factorise and simplify or expand
Σ
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜
12 r = n (n + 1) ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ B1 For all
both vertices correct
expressions
⎝ 0 ⎠ ⎝40 ⎠ ⎝ – 2 ⎠ ⎝ – 2 ⎠ A1
B1 3 Correct formula
For correct stated
diagram
A1 Obtain given answer correctly or complete
5
3. B1 1 verification
Conjugate seen
6 (i)1 2 + 3i
n(n + 1)(n + 2)(3n + 1) M1 5 Attempt to factorise and simplify or expand
3 12
(ii)(ii)
Either ⎛1 0 ⎞ M1
B1,B1 Reflection,
both in x-axis
expressions (Q3, June 2006)
⎜ ⎟ Attempt to sum roots or consider x terms in
⎝0 –1⎠ B1
A1
5
Correct matrix
Obtain given answer correctly or complete
expansion or substitute 2 – 3i into equation
verification
A1 and equate imaginary parts
⎛2 0⎞ M1
B1,B1 5 Enlargement, centre O s.f.2
5.7 ⎜
(i) -7ip = -4 ⎟ A1
B1
B1 6 Correct
Correct
Real matrix
partanswer
correct
⎝0 2⎠
B1 2 Imaginary part correct
Attempt at product of roots or consider last
(ii)Or2 + 3i ⎛ – 1 0 ⎞ B1,B1
B1 Reflection,
term
iz in the y-axis
in expansion
stated or implied i2 = -1 seen
ororconsider real parts
⎜ ⎟ B1 4 Correct
Correct matrix
answer
5. (i) -7i
q = 13⎝ 0 1 ⎠ B1
B1
Real part correct
Real part correct
-5 + 12i B1 3 Imaginary part correct
B1 52 Imaginary part correct
⎛ –2 0 ⎞
(ii) 2 + 3i ⎜ ⎟ B1,B1
B1 Enlargement,
iz centreorOi2s.f.
stated or implied = -1–2seen
1 ⎝ 0 –2⎠ M1
B1 Multiply by conjugate
Correct matrix
(iii) (4 – 7i) or equivalent B1
A1
Real part correct
Real part correct
-55+ 12i B1 3 Imaginary part correct
⎛ 20 ⎞ A1 3 Imaginary part correct
Or B1,B1 Stretch, in x-direction s.f.shown
2
⎜ ⎟ 8 N.B. Working must be
⎝ 01 ⎠ B1 Correct matrix
M1 Multiply by conjugate
(iii) 1 (4 – 7i) or equivalent
6.. (i) Circle , Centre O radius 2 A1 B1
B1 Real part
Sketch correctcorrect features
showing
5 ⎛1 0 ⎞ B1,B1
A1 3 Stretch, in part
Imaginary corrects.f. -2 (Q5, June 2006)
y-direction
One straight
⎜ line ⎟ B1
B1 Correct matrix must be shown
⎝
Through 0O –
with ⎠ slope
2 +ve B1 8 N.B. Working
In 1st quadrant only B1 5
9
6..
8 (ii) 1 + i, 3Centre O radius 2
(i) Circle B1 B1 Sketch showing correct features
M1 26 Attempt to find intersections by trig, solving
One straight line B1
equations or from graph
Through O with +ve slope B1
A1 2 Correct answer stated as complex number
In 1st quadrant only B1 5
7
(ii) 1+i 3
M1 Attempt to find intersections by trig, solving
equations or from graph
A1 2 Correct answer stated as complex number
7
(Q6, June 2006)
26
 a=5 A1 2 Obtain correct answer 2
M1 imaginary
Obtain each parts
resultof (x +iy) and 15
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2 2 3
x –y = 15 and xy = 4 A1
DM1A1 Eliminate to obtain a quadratic in x2
+8i
2.9 M1 Attempt to equate real and
± (4 + i) M1
A1 6 or y2 each result
Obtain
imaginary parts of (x +iy)2 and 152
DM1 6 Eliminate to obtain
Solve to obtain (±)4 , or iny x=
x =a quadratic
x2 –y2 = 15 and xy = 4 A1 A1 +8i 2
± (4 + i) A1 6 (±y)1
or
M1 Obtain each result
6 Solve
Obtain to obtain
only x =two(±answers
correct )4 , or as
y =
DM1 to obtain a quadratic in x2
Eliminatenumbers
complex
3. M1
(±)1
Expand to obtain r3 – r
± (4 + i) A1 6 or y2
M1 Obtain
Consider only correct two
difference answers
of two as
standard
6 Solve
complex
results to obtain
numbers x = ( ± ) 4 , or y =
3. 1
n (n + 1) − 12 n(n + 1)
2 2 A1
M1 Obtain correct
Expand to obtain 3
unfactorised
r –r answer
4
(±)1
M1
M1 Attempt todifference
Consider factorise of two standard
Obtain only correct two answers as
results
1
n 2 (n + 1) 2 − 12 n(n + 1) A1
A1 Obtain factor
complexcorrect
numbers
1
4
n(n + 1) answer
ofunfactorised
4
3
3. M1 Expand to obtain r – r (Q2, Jan 2007)
A1
M1 6 Attempt to factorise
1
4
n(n − 1)(n + 1)(n + 2) Obtain correct answer
M1 Consider difference of two standard
6
A1 results factor of 4 n(n + 1)
1
Obtain
4.
10 (i)
4
n (n + 1) 2 − 12 n(n + 1)
1 2 A1
B1
Obtain correct unfactorised answer
Circle
A1 6
1
4
n(n − 1)(n + 1)(n + 2) Obtain correct answer
M1 Attempt to factorise
B1 6 Centre (1, -1)
A1
B1 3 Obtain
Passingfactor
1
of (0,
through n(n + 1)
4 0)
4. (i) B1 Circle
A1 6
n(n − 1)(n + 1)(n + 2)
(ii)
1
4
B1
B1
Obtain
Centre
correct
Sketch (1, -1)
answercircle
a concentric
6
B1
B1 3 Inside (i)through
Passing and touching
(0, 0) axes
4. (i) B1
B1 3 Circle
Shade between the circles
(ii) B1 Sketch a concentric circle
B1 Centre (1, -1)
5. (i) B1
B1 1 Show given
Inside (i) andanswer
touchingcorrectly
(Q4, Jan 2007)
axes
PMT B1 3 Passing through (0, 0)
B1 3 Shade between the circles
20
(ii) B1 Sketch a concentric circle
4725
5.
11 (i) Mark Scheme
B1 1 Show given answer correctly Jan 2007
B1 Inside (i) and touching axes
(ii) M1 Attempt to solve quadratic equation
20
B1 3 or substitute
Shade between x +the
iy and equate real
circles
and imaginary parts
5. (i) − 1 ± i 3 A1
B1 1 Obtain answers
Show given as complex
answer correctlynumbers
(iii) A1 3 Obtain correct answers, simplified
B1 Correct root on x axis, co-ords.
20 shown
B1
Other roots in 2nd and 3rd quadrants
B1
3 Correct lengths and angles or co-
ordinates or complex numbers
7 shown

6. (i) B1 Correct expression for u(Q5,

n+1 Jan 2007)
M1 Attempt to expand and simplify

un+1 – un = 2n +4 A1 3 Obtain given answer correctly

 4725 (ii) Mark Scheme Obtain correct answer a.e.f. June 2007
det M = 12 M1 2 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
non-singular A1ft Substitute a = 2 in their determinant
(iii)
112 EITHER EITHER M1 B1 Use trig to find an expression for a (or b)
a=2 A1 Obtain correct answer
PMT M1 M1 AttemptObtain
to findcorrect answer and state a
other value
OR A1 consistent conclusion
Obtain correct answer a.e.f.
b = 2 3, M1 A1 3
(Allow 3.46 )
4725 OR M1 Mark Scheme State 2 equations for a and b June 2007
A1 A1 M1 4 det M = 0 so non-unique solutions
A1 Attempt to solve these equations
A1 Attempt to solvea.e.f.
and obtain 2
a=2 b=2 3 Obtain correct matrix
answers
9 ⎛ 2 0 ⎞ B1 1 Correct
4 SR ± inconsistent equations
(i) ⎜ ⎟ scores A1 only
⎜ 0 ⎟ Deduce that there are no solutions
⎝ 2⎠
2 3 1 2 2 B1 Show result true for n = 1 (Q1, June 2007)
(1 = ) × 1 × 2 0
Substitute a = 4 and attempt to solve
(ii) Rotation 4 (centre O), 45 , clockwise B1B1B1 Add Sensible
3 next
Obtain alternatives
2tocorrect OK, must be a
M1 given inconsistent
termtransformation
single sum formula
1(iii)2 2 3 M1(indep) Attemptequations
to factorise and simplify
n (n + 1) + (n + 1) A1 8 Deduce no solutions
4 Circle, centre (3, 0), Correct expression obtained convincingly
13
8 (i) A1 B1B1 5 Sketch showing correct features
y-axis a tangent at origin B1 1 Matrix
N.B. multiplication
treat 2 diagrams or
asacombination
MR
1 2 2
Specific statement of induction conclusion
(nStraight
+ 1) (n +
line, 2) B1 of transformations
4 ⎛0⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛2⎞
(iv) through (1, 0) with +ve slope
⎟ ⎜ only ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
B1
In⎜1st0 quadrant M1
B1 5
⎝ ⎠ ⎝1⎠ ⎝ –1⎠ ⎝0⎠ A1 26 For at least two correct images
(ii) Inside
2 circle, below line, B2ft Sketch showing correct region
3 3Σrabove – 3Σr +
x-axis Σ 1 M1 Consider
For the sum
correct of three
diagram separate
2 SR: B1ft for any 2 correct features
terms

8
Correct formula stated
2 1 B1 State correct value
3Σrdet=C =n(n
(v) 2 + 1)(2n + 1) A1 (Q8, June 2007)
2 State correct relation a.e.f.
area3of square has been doubled B1 2
3Σr = n(n + 1) A1 Correct formula stated
2 9
10
14 (i) A1 M1 CorrectAttempt
term seen to equate real and imaginary
parts of
Σ2 1 =2 n M1 Attempt
(x
to simplify
+ iy)2
and 16+30i
nx – y = 16 and xy = 15
3 A1 6 Obtain given answer correctly
A1A16 Obtain each result
4 B1 Transpose leading diagonal and negate other 2
M1 Eliminate st in x or
to obtain a quadratic
(i) ⎛ 5 –1⎞
1 diagonal 2 or solve sim. eqns. to get 1 column
⎜2 ⎟ B1 2 Divideyby the determinant or solve 2nd pair to
⎝ –3 1 ⎠ get 2nd column
M1 Solve to obtain
±( 5 + 3i )
(ii)
M1 Attempt = use
x to (±) B
5-1or y =find
A-1 or (±)B3
(ii) Attempt at matrix multiplication
⎛ 2 0 ⎞
1
M1(indep)A1 4 6 element
One Obtaincorrect,
correct a.e.f,
answers as complex
⎜
2 ⎟ numbers
⎝ 23+ 30i
z = 1± 16 –5⎠ 6 All elements correct, a.e.f.
A1ft NB ft consistent with their (i)
M1* Use quadratic formula or complete the
A1ft square
6 + 3i, -4 - 3i A1
*M1dep 5 Simplify to this stage
A1 A1ft Use answers from (i)
Obtain correct answers
22 11
(Q10, June 2007)

20
 correct value is − 3
7 A1 Obtain correct answer
4 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
415 (i) z* = 3 + 4i B1 Conjugate seen or implied
21 +12i B1 2 Obtain correct answer

(ii) 3 – 5i B1 Correct z – i or expansion of (z – I)2 seen

B1ft Real part correct
-16 – 30i B1ft 3 Imaginary part correct

(iii) M1 Multiply by conjugate

9
+ 12
i A1 Numerator correct
PMT 25 25
A1 3 Denominator correct
4725 Mark Scheme 8 June 2008
5 (Q4, Jan 2008)
4725 ⎛ ⎞ − 13 Mark
B1 Scheme January
4B seen or implied or 2 elements correct 2008
4725 ⎜ Further
⎟
(i) ⎜ 1 ⎟
Pure Mathematics
B1 2 1 Obtain correct answer
⎜ − 10 ⎟
616 (i) ⎝ ⎠ B1 Horizontal straight line in 2 quadrants
⎛1 21 ⎞ B1 Through (0, 2)
1 (i) ⎜ ⎛ 8 ⎟16 − 4 ⎞ Two elements
B1 Obtain correct
⎝ 5⎜ −1⎠ ⎟ M1
B1 Straightaline
3 x 3 matrix
(ii) ⎜ 0 0 0 ⎟ A1A1A1
B1 4 Through
B1
Each rowO(or
All
column)
with positive
four elements
correct
correctslope
⎜ 6 12 − 3 ⎟ B1 st
5 2 In 1 quadrant only
(ii)
⎝ ⎠
(ii) EITHER
B1 B1 State or diagonals
Both obtain algebraically
correct that y = 2
(iii) (8) M1 Obtain a single value
4725 1 2 ⎛ 2 3−+
1⎞2 i M1
MarkA1
Scheme 32B1
Use suitable trigonometry
⎜ ⎟ A1 Divide
Obtain
Obtain by determinant
correct
correct answer mustJune
answer,a.e.f. 2008
have matrix
decimals OK must
3 ⎝ −5 4 ⎠
88 be a complex number
2
78 (i) α + β = −k M1 B1 UseState
det or
A use
= 0correct value (Q6, Jan 2008)
OR
αβa==2k-6 A1 2B1
B1
Obtain
State correct
Solveorsim.
answer
useeqns.
correct
1st value
column correct
⎛ 1 − 3⎞ M1
B1 2nd column
Attempt to express
correct sum of new roots in
(ii) A-1 = 1
a+6
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ B1
16
Both of α + βcorrect
diagonals
terms , αβ
2 (i) 5α β (α + β) − 2αβ
⎝ 22 a ⎠ B1ft B1 Divide by modulus
Correct det A
17
0.927+ or= 53.1o A1
B1 Obtain
Correctcorrect expression
argument, any equivalent form
β α αβ -1
M1 2 Premultiply column by A , no other method
α β
(ii)(a) + x == a + 6(k, −y 4=) a + 6
14 2−a
Circlecorrect
B1 Obtain centre from their A-1
(3, 4) a.e.f.
Aanswer
A1 Obtain correctanswers
β α 2 A1ft B1 Through O, allow if centre is (4, 3)
α′β′ = 1 A1ft 5B12 Correct product of new roots seen
(b) A(3, 4) 7B1 Half line with +ve slope
2 1
8 (i) x − (k − 4) x + 1 = 0 M1 B1ft Obtain
Starting
B1 Obtain correct
nextatterms answer, must be an eqn.
(3, 0)
2
u2 = 4, u3 = 9, u4 = 16 A1 2 7 All terms correct(implied by correct arg shown)
B1 Parallel to OA ,
3
(ii) un = n2 B1 1 Sensible conjecture
Alternative for last made
5 marks
O α
M1 Obtain expression for u = in terms of k and
(iii) B1 State that conjecture is trueβfor n = 1 or 2
r
M1 α uorn+k1 in
Find β of n
andterms
3 (i) A1 M1
A1 Common
Obtain ( n + denominator
1
Obtain a correct of (r +(Q2,
)2 expression 1)! orJune
r!(r + 2008)
1)!
(r + 1)!
A1 rearrange to get α in terms of u
4A1 Statement of Induction conclusion
A1
7M1 Obtain given
Substitute intoanswer correctly
given equation
9 2
A1 Obtain correct answer
1
9 (i)
18 (i) 1 − α 3 + 3α 2 β + 3αβ 2 + β 3
(ii) M1 M1 Attempt
M1 Correct
Express to equate
binomial
terms real and imaginary
asexpansion
differences using (i) parts
seen
(n + 1) ! A1 2 Obtain + iy)2 and
of (x given answer5 + 12iwith no errors seen
x 2 − y 2 = 5 and xy = 6 A1 Obtain 1st two
At leastboth resultsand last term correct
B1 B1 M1 Show pairs cancelling
M1 Eliminate to obtainvalues
State or use correct a quadratic in x2 or y2
(ii) Either α + β = 5, αβ = 7 A1 Correct answer a.e.f.
±(3 + 2i) M1 Solve a 3 term quadratic & obtain x or y
4
A1 Obtain correct answers as complex nos.
α 3 + β 3 = 20 M1 5 Find numeric value for α 3 + β 3
4 (ii) 5 – 12i A1 B1
B1B1 Establishreal
Correct result
andisimaginary
true, for nparts
= 1 ( or 2 or 3 )
M1 Obtain correct
Attempt to answerA and An, or vice versa
multiply
2
(iii) M1 Correct process
M1 Attempt to solvefor matrix multiplication
a quadratic equation
M1 A1 UseObtain 3n + 1,and
new sum 0 and 1
product correctly in
x 2 = 5 ± 12i 6A1 Obtain
Obtain correct
A1 quadratic ½(3 n + 1 answers
expression – 1)
x = ±(3 ± 2i) A1ft A1A1 Each pair
Statement
A1 Obtain correctof correct answers
of Induction
equation a.e.f. only
conclusion,
x2 – 20x + 343 = 0 84 if 5 marks earned, 1 but may be in body of
working x = u
Substitute 3

M1 A1 (Q9, June 2008)

Or 6 Obtain correct answer
2 1 Complete method for removing fractional
u 3 − 5u 3 + 7 = 0 M2 powers
 4725 Further Pure Mathematics 1 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

1
19 M1 Multiply by conjugate of denominator
A1 A1 Obtain correct numerator
7
26
+ 17
26
i. A1 4 Obtain correct denominator
MT 4
2 ⎛ 5 0⎞ B1 Both diagonals correct (Q1, Jan 2009)
⎜⎜
(i) 1
⎟⎟ B1 2 Divide by correct determinant
⎝ − a 2⎠
10

⎛ 3 − 2⎞ B1 Two elements correct

(ii) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ B1 2 Remaining elements correct
20 (i) ⎝ 2xa2 − y62 ⎠= 2,2 xy = 5
10 M1
4
Attempt to equate real and imaginary parts
A1 Obtain both results a.e.f.
3 M1 Express as sum of 3 terms
n 2 ( n +41x) 2 −+8nx(n −+ 51)(=20n + 1) + n(n + 1)
4 2
A1
M1 2 correct unsimplified
Eliminate terms in x2 or y2
to obtain quadratic
rd
A1
M1 3 correct unsimplified term
Solve to obtain x (or y) values
M1 Attempt to factorise
n(n + 1x) 2=(n± +2 2,) y = ±
10 2
A1 Correct values for both x & y obtained a.e.f.
2 A1ft Two factors found, ft their quartic
±( 10
2
+i 2
2
) A1
A1 66 Correct answers
Correct final answer a.e.f. numbers
as complex
6
MT (ii) z2 = 2 ± i 5 State or use correct
4 B1
M1 Solve quadratic in z2result
M1
A1 Combine matrix
Obtain correct and its inverse
2 answers
⎛ 0 0 ⎞ z = ±( 2 ± i 2 )
10 2
A1
M1 Obtain I or I
Use results of (i) not 1 June 2009
but
⎜⎜
4725 ⎟⎟ Mark
A1Scheme 44 Obtain correct
zero matrix but not 0
⎝ 0 0⎠ A1ft Obtain answers, -1ft must include root
4 S.C. If 0/4,
from conjugate B1 for AA = I
5 Either M1 Consider determinant of coefficients of LHS
4725 Further Pure Mathematics 1
(iii) M1
B1ft 1 Sensibleshowing
Sketch attemptroots at evaluating
correctlyany 3× 3 det
4k – 4 A1 Obtain correct answer a.e.f. unsimplified
M1B1ft Equate of to 0 line, ⊥ to α
detstraight
1. k (iv)
=1
B1
A1ft B1 5 SketchState
Obtain k = correct
1, value ofall
ft provided S 250
M’s orawarded
S 100
B1ft M1 3 Bisector
Subtract S 250 – S 100 ( or S 101 or S 99 )
Or 984390625 – 25502500 = 958888125 M1 A1 14 Obtaineither
3Eliminate correct x orexact
y answer
A1 3Obtain correct equation
2. 3a +5b =1, a + 2b =1 M1 M1 Obtain2nda variable
Eliminate pair of simultaneous (Q10, Jan 2009)
A1 M1 equations
Obtain correct linear equation
a = -3, b = 2 A1 A1 A1 4Deduce
Attempt
that kto= solve
1
5 4 Obtain correct answers.
6 3. (i) 11 – 29i
21(i) Either B1 DB1 B1 B1
2 2Reflection,
Correct real and imaginary parts
in x-axis
Or B1 DB1 Stretch parallel to y-axis, s.f. –1
(ii) 1 + 41i B1 B1 2 Correct real and imaginary parts
MT (ii) B1 DB1 2 4Reflection, in y = -x
4. B1 Both values stated or used
⎛ 0 p 1q⎞
Either 1, pq 8 (Q3, June 2009)
(iii) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ B1 B1 2 Each column correct
⎝ − 1p q0 ⎠ B1 Correct expression seen
pq
(iv) B1B1B1 3 Rotation, 90o ,clockwise about O
6. M1
B1 B19 Use
2S.C.State their
If (iii) values
incorrect,
correct inB1
answers their
forexpression
identifying
22 (i) 3 2,7 4 or –45o AEF A1 4theirObtain correct answer
8 transformation, B1 all details correct
4
(ii)(a)
Or 1 1
8
B1
B1B1 3 Circle,
Substitutecentrex (3,u1 -3),
and use new
p q B1 ft through
quadratic O ft for ( 3, 3) only
(ii)(b) B1
B1 Straight line with
Correct value +ve slope,
stated
p+q=1
B1 3 through (3, -3) or their centre
7 B1
M1 Half line only
Use their values starting
in givenat centre
expression
8
A1 Obtain correct answer
(iii) B1ft Area above horizontal through a,
1 33 B1ft
M1 below (ii) (b)
Find roots of given quadratic
Or
2 B1ft 3 Outside
equationcircle
15 11 Correct values seen
A1
7. (i) 7 M1
M1 Show thatvalues
Use their terms cancel
in given inexpression
(Q6,pairs
June 2009)
8
A1
A1 2 ObtainObtain given
correctanswer
answercorrectly
5. (i) u3 {( )(5u 7)}2 M1 Use given substitution and rearrange
(ii) M1
A1 Attempt to expand
Obtain correct and simplify
expression, or
A1 2 Obtainequivalentgiven answer correctly
3
(iii) u 25u 2 70u 49 0 A1 B1
B1 3 Obtain correct final answer
Correct r stated 1 n
 equation
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
5

323 x – iy B1 Conjugate known

M1 Equate real and imaginary parts
x + 2 y = 12 2x + y = 9 A1 Obtain both equations, OK with factor
of i
M1 Solve pair of equations
z = 2 + 5i A1 5 Obtain correct answer as a complex
number
S.C. Solving z + 2iz = 12 + 9i can get
max 4/5, not first B1
MT 5

(Q3, Jan 2010)

4
4725 Mark Scheme M1 Express as sum of January
three series
2010
M1 Use standard results
1 2 1
n (n + 1) 2 − n(n + 1)(2n + 1) − n(n + 1) A1 Obtain correct unsimplified answer
4 6
824 (i) M1
M1 Attempt
Attempt to to equate real and imaginary
factorise
2
A1 parts
Obtainofat(xleast
+ iy)factor
& 5 –of12i
n(n + 1)
x12 − y 2 = 5 and xy = −6 A1 Obtain both results, a.e.f
n(n + 1)(n + 2)(3n − 7) A1 6 Obtain Obtain quadratic
fully factorised
12 M1 in x2 orcorrect
y2 answer
M1
6 Solve to obtain x = (±)3 or y = (±)2
± (3 – 2i) A1 5 Obtain correct answers as complex nos
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) B1ft Circle with centre at their
square root
B1 Circle passing through origin
B1ft 2nd circle centre correct relative to 1st
B1 4 Circle passing through origin
9
PMT 9 (i) 17 M1 Show correct expansion process for 2010)
(Q8, Jan
3 × 3 or multiply adjoint by A
M1 Correct evaluation of any 2 × 2 at any
stage
det A = ∆ = 6a − 6 A1 Obtain correct answer
25
4 (i) 5 + 12i B1B1 Correct real and imaginary parts
13 B1ft Correct modulus
67.4o3ora −1.18
1 a +1 − 4 B1ft 4 Correct argument
1
A-1 = 1 2a − 1 − 2 M1 Show correct process for adjoint entries
∆
−3 −3 6
A1 Obtain at least 4 correct entries in
(ii) M1 adjoint by conjugate
Multiply
B1
A1 Dividecorrect
Obtain by their determinant
numerator
A1 7 Obtain completely correct answer
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 27 A1 3 Obtain correct denominator
− − i
85 85
(ii) 5a − 7 M1 7 Attempt product of form A-1C or
1
4a − 5 eliminate to get 2 equations and solve
∆
3
A1A1A1 Obtain correct answer
ft all 3 (Q4, June 2010)
5 (a) 0 1 B1B1 24 Each
S.C. column correct
if det now omitted, allow max A2 ft
1 0 SC B2 use correct matrix from MF1
11
Can be trig form

10 (i)
(b) (i) B1B1 2 Stretch, in x-direction
2 sf 5
(ii) B1 2 Rotation,
B1B1 Correct M 60o seen
clockwise
1 4 1 6
M2 = M3 = M1 Convincing attempt at matrix
0 1 0 1
6
multiplication for M3
A1 3 Obtain correct answer
 (ii) B1B1 2 Rotation, 60 clockwise
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
9 (i) M16 Show correct expansion process for 3 x 3
M1 Correct evaluation of any 2 x 2
det A = a 2 − a A1 3 Obtain correct answer
6 26 (i) (a) B1B1 2 Circle centre (3, –4 ), through origin
(b) B1B1 2 Vertical line, clearly x = 3
(ii) (a) M1 Find a pair of inconsistent
equations
A1 State inconsistent or no solutions
(ii) (b) B1ft
M1 Inside
Findtheir circle equation
a repeated
B1ft
A1 2 And to right of theirsolutions
State non unique line, if vertical
(c) B1 State that det A is non-zero or find correct
6 solution
B1 6 State unique solution
SC if detA incorrect, can score 2 marks
(Q6, June 2010)
for correct deduction of a unique
9 solution, but only once

10
27 (i) Attempt to equate real and imaginary
M1
parts
x2 − y2 = 3 xy = 2 A1 Obtain both results
MT M1 Eliminate to obtain quadratic in x2 or y2
M1 Solve to obtain x or y value
z=2+i A1 5 Obtain correct answer as a complex no.
4725 Mark Scheme January 2011

(ii) B1 1 Obtain given answer correctly

1 (i) (7 9) B1B1 2 Each element correct

(iii) M1 SC (7,9)toscores
Attempt solveB1quadratic equation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
w = 2 ± 11 i
3
A1 Obtain correct answers
(ii) (18) B1*
M1 Obtainnegative
Choose correct value
sign
depB1
M1 2 Clearly given asvalue
Relate required a matrix
to conjugate of (i)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A1 5 Obtain correct answer
w=2–i
12 − 4
(iii) M1 11 Obtain 2 × 2 matrix
6 −2
(Q10, June 2010)
A1 Obtain 2 correct elements
4 A1 3 Obtain other 2 correct elements
7

28 (i) – 12 +13i
2. B1B1 2 Real and imaginary parts correct
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) B1 z* seen
M1 Multiply by w*
27 14
− i A1 Obtain correct real part or numerator
37 37
A1 4 Obtain correct imaginary part or denom.
Sufficient working must be shown
6

(Q2, Jan 2011)

3 B1* Establish result true for n = 1 or 2
M1* Use given result in recurrence relation in a
relevant way
A1* Obtain 2n + 1 correctly
depA1 4 Specific statement of induction conclusion

4 Either B1 Correct value for r stated or used

M1 Express as sum of two series
 2 B1 Establish result true for n = 1 or 2
M1* Add next term to PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
given sum formula
6
29 (i) (a) DM1
B1* Combine
Vertical with
line correct denominator
A1
depB1 2 Obtain
Clearlycorrect
throughexpression
( 4, 0 ) convincingly
(b) A1
B1 5 Specific statement
Sloping line with +veof induction
slope conclusion,
st
B1 Through (1 0,4-2marks
provided ) earned
5B1ft 3 Half line starting on y-axis 45o shown
convincingly
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
k 2 16
3 (ii) B1
B1ft Obtain
Shadedcorrect dettheir (i) (a)
to left of
M1
B1ft Equate their det
Shaded below their to 0(i) (b) must be +ve
k 4 A1 3 slope correct answers
Obtain
3B1ft 3 Shaded above horizontal through their
(0, -2 )
NB These 3 marks are independent, but
4 M1 Express
3/3 only asforsum ofcorrect
fully two series
answer.
3 16 2n(2n 1)(4n 1) 12 2n 8 A1
A1 Each term correct a.e.f.
M1 Attempt to factorise
2
2n (4n 3) A2 6 Completely correct answer, (Q6, Jan 2011)
1 3 (Each
A1 ifcolumn
one factor not found )
7 (i) B1 B1 2 correct
0 1 6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) B1* Enlargement or stretch in x and y axes
530 (i) a 2 B1 Correct modulus
depB1 2 Scale factor 3
arg a 60 , 3 , 1.05 B1 2 Correct argument
(iii) (a) B1 (2,0), (6,2) indicated
B1 (8, 2) seen
(ii) B1
B1 3 Circle
Accurate diagram, including unit square
B1 Centre (1, 3 )
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) detC = 4 B1 Correct value found
B1 Through origin, centre ( 1, 3 ) and
B1 2 Scale factor for area
9 another y intercept
B1 Vertical line
B1* Through a or their centre, with +ve gradient
8 (i) Either
DB1 Correct half line
1 3
α + β = , αβ = B1 6 State or use both correct results in (i) or (ii)
2 2 8
PMT α+β 2
α+β + or α + β + (α + β ) M1 Express sum of new roots in terms of
αβ 3 (Q5, June 2011)
4725 Mark Scheme
α + β and αβ June 2011
M1 Substitute their values into their expression
5
p= A1 4 Obtain given answer correctly
31
9 (i) 16 + 630i B1 1 State correct value
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Or M1 Use a = – ( sum of roots )
a =2 –32 A1 1
Obtain correct answer
3u − u + 2(= 0) B1
M1 Substitute
Use x = ofand
b = product obtain correct
b = 1156 A1 4
u roots
Obtain correct answer
quadratic (equation)
M1
M1 Use sum ofexpand
Substitute, roots ofand
new equation
equate imag. parts
M1
A1 Substitute
Obtain a = -32their values into their expression
5
p= M1
A1 Equate
Obtain real
givenparts
answer correctly
6 A1 Obtain b = 1156
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) M1 Attempt to equate real and imaginary
parts of (p+iq)2 & 16 – 30i or root from (ii)
p2 q2 16 and pq 15 A1 Obtain both results cao
M1 Obtain quadratic in p2 or q2
M1 Solve to obtain p ( )5 or q ( )3
A1 Obtain 2 correct answers as complex nos

2 M1 Attempt at all 4 roots

(5 ± 3i) A1 7 State other two roots as complex nos
12

(Q9, June 2011)

10 (i)

1 3
 Question Answer Marks Guidance
4725 Mark Scheme January 2012
1 a 2 52 132 M1 Use formula for modulus PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
Question a = 12 Answer A1
Marks Obtain correct answer Guidance
1 5
tan
PMT 32
1 a 2 5a2 132
M1
M1 Use
Use formula
formula for argument
for modulus
0.395
a = 12or 22.6 or 0.126π A1FT
A1 Obtain correct
Obtain correct answer
answer allow 0.39
5 [4]
4725 tan 1 Mark Scheme January 2012
a M1 Use formula for argument
0.395 or 22.6 or 0.126π A1FT Obtain correct answer allow 0.39 Guidance
2 Question Answer Marks 1 0
[4] State identity matrix is
B1
0 1
4 M1 Express as difference of two series
M1
DM1 Findstandard
Use a pair ofseries
simultaneous
results equations
2 31 p 2 4q 1,2 3 3 p 5q 1, 2 p 3q 0 A1
A1 Correctcorrect
Obtain pair of unsimplified 1 answer
0
distinct equations (Q1, Jan 2012)
4
n ( n 1) 2
n ( n 1) B1 State identity matrix is
M1 Attempt to solve 0 1
p 3 and q 2 M1
A1 Attempt
Obtain to factorise
correct answers
M1
A1 Find
At a pair
least of simultaneous
factor of n( n +1 ) equations From their unsimplified answer
31 np(n 4q1)(n1, 3)(3n p 2)5q 1, 2 p 3q 0 [5]
A1 Correctcorrect
pair of answer
distinct equations
4
A1 Obtain
M1 Attempt to solve
[6]
p 3 and q 2 A1 Obtain correct answers
33
3 M1
[5]
Attempt to equate real and imaginary parts
x 2 y 2 3 and xy 3 2 A1 Obtain both results
5 (a) 0 1 B1 Each column correct
x 4 3 x 2 18 0 or y 4 3 y 2 18 0 M1
B1 Eliminate to obtain quadratic in x2 or y2
1 0 M1 Attempt
3 M1 Solve to to equate
obtain x orreal and imaginary parts
y value
xx 2 y 26 or 3 and [2]
A1 Obtain both correct
results
y xy 3 3 2 A1 Both values
x 4( 63 x 2i 3)
18 0 or y 4 3 y 2 18 0 M1
A1 Eliminate to obtain
Correct answers in x2 or y2
quadraticnumbers
as complex
5 (b) (i) M1
B1
[6] Solve to
Stretch obtain x or y value
x 6 or y 3 A1
DB1 Both values
Scale factor 4correct
in the y direction Not “in the y-axis”
[2]
A1 Correct answers as complex numbers
( 6 i 3)
[6]
(Q3, Jan 2012)
5 (b) (ii) 4 B1 Correct value of determinant
B1 Scale factor for area Allow scale factor of stretch or eqiv.
[2]

34
6 B1 Circle
5
B1 Centre ( 3,1)
B1 Passing through O and crosses y-axis again
B1 Line,
5 with correct slope shown
B1 1
2
line starting at O
B1 Completely correct diagram for both loci Ignore shading
[6]

PMT (Q6, Jan 2012)

6

Question Answer Marks Guidance

35
1 (i) 21 +11i B1 Real part correct
B1 Imaginary part correct
[2]
1 (ii) M1 Multiply by conjugate of denominator or find a
pair of simultaneous equations
26 – 29i A1 Obtain correct numerator or real part
26 29 A1 Obtain correct denominator or imaginary part
i
41 41
[3]
2 (i) 5 2 M1 Multiplication attempt, 2 elements correct
PMT A1 All elements correct (Q1, June 2012)
13 6
[2]
2 (ii) EITHER
Question B 1A 1 ( AB ) 1
Answer B1
Marks Stated or used Guidance
B1ft Divide by correct
( 3 , determinant
36
7 (i) B1B1 Circle, centre 4)
1 6 2 B1ft
B1ft Both diagonals correct
Touching x-axis, ft for ( as centre
4 13 5 B1ft Crossing y-axis twice
B1B1
[3] Horizontal line, y intercept 4
OR [6]
B1 Either inverse correct
7 (ii) –1 +4i 7 + 4i B1B1
B1 State correct answers
Two elements correct in final answer , both
[2] inverses must be correct
7 (iii) B1
B1ft All elements
Inside correct
circle or above line
B1 Completely correct diagram
[2]
8 (i) B1 Show given answer correctly
[1]
(Q7, June 2012)
8 (ii) M1 Express terms as differences using (i)
M1 Attempt this for at least first 3 terms
A1 First 3 terms all correct
A1 Last 2 terms correct
M1 Show terms cancelling
1 1 1 A1 Obtain correct answer, must be in terms of n
1
2 n 1 n 2
[6]
 1 DM1 Attempt to factorise
n( 2n 5)( n 1)
A2 Obtain completely correct answer
6 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
Allow A1 if one bracket still contains a common factor
[6]
337 (i) z 5 B1 Allow 2.2

argz 26.6 or 0.464 B1 Allow -27o or -0.46(3)

[2]
3 (ii) B1 z* = 2 + i stated or used
M1 Obtain two equations from real and imaginary parts
a b 2, b a 8 A1 Obtain correct equations
M1 Attempt to solve 2 linear equations
a = 5, b = – 3 A1 Obtain correct answers
[5]
PMT
(Q3, Jan 2013)
4725 Mark Scheme January 2013

Question Answer Marks Guidance

738 (i) (a) B1 Circle
B1 5
Centre O and radius 2
[2]
7 (i) (b) B1 Horizontal line
B1 (3, 1 ) on their line
B1 ½ line to left i.e. horizontal
[3]
PMT 7 (ii) B1 Shade only inside their circle or above their horizontal line
B1 Completely correct diagram
[2]
PMT 84725 (i) M1MarkObtain correct numerator from addition or partial fractions
Scheme June 2013
A1 Obtain given answer correctly (Q7, Jan 2013)
[2]
4725 Mark Scheme June 2013
8 Question
(ii) Answer M1 Marks Express at least three relevent terms using (i)
Guidance
st
1 A1 M11 three Useterms
correct correct
trig expression
Question √3 n Answer A1Last two
A1 Marks Obtain correct
terms correctanswer Guidance
1 ( n 1)( n 2) M1
M1 Correct expression
Use correct for modulus
trig expression
39 2√3
√3 M1 A1FT
A1ShowObtain
correctcorrect
Obtain correct
cancellinganswer
answer aef
3 – 3i A1 B1FT
M1Obtain Correct
givenconjugate
Correct expression seen
answer correctly or implied
for modulus
2√3 i
–√3 A1FT Correct
[5] B1FT Obtain correct
answer answer aef
8 (iii) 3 – 1 3i M1 B1FT
[6]Sum 1Correct
to 1st term orseen
-conjugate startorprocess
impliedat r = 2
A1 Obtain correct answer
2 (i) 7 6i23
–√3 B1FT Each
B1B1 Correct answer
element correct, missing brackets B1 only
[2] [6]
[2]
22 (i)
(ii) 67 2315 B1B1
M1 Each element
Obtain 2 × 2 matrixcorrect, missing brackets B1 only
A1 Obtain 2 correct elements
(Q1, June 2013)
4 10 [2]
2 (ii) 6 15 A1
M1 Obtain other
Obtain 2 × 2 matrix2 correct elements
det CB = 0 A1FT
A1 Obtain
Obtain their det CB,
2 correct must be a 2 × 2 matrix
elements
4 10
singular A1FT
A1 Correct conclusion
Obtain other 2 correct from their det CB
elements
det CB = 0 [5]
A1FT Obtain their det CB, must be a 2 × 2 matrix
3
40 x 2 y 2 11 and xy
singular 6 5 A1FT
M1 Correct conclusion
Attempt to equate real fromandtheir det CB parts of (x + iy)2 and 11 + 12√5
imaginary
PMT [5]
A1 Obtain both results cao
3 x 2 y 2 11 and xy 6 5 M1*
M1 Obtain
Attempta to quadratic
equate real in x2and 2
or yimaginary parts of (x + iy)2 and 11 + 12√5
±( 2√5 + 3i) DM1
A1 Solve a 3 term quadratic
Obtain both results cao to obtain a value for x or y
4725 Mark
A1 SchemeObtain June 2013
M1* Obtain 1a correct
quadratic answer
in x2 or as ycomplex
2 number
±( 2√5 + 3i) A1 Obtain only the other correct answer
DM1 7 Solve a 3 term quadratic to obtain a value for x or y
Question Answer Marks
[6] Guidance
A1 Obtain 1 correct answer as complex number
45 2 2 M1
B1
A1 Express
Establish as sum
result of
truethree
for
Obtain only the other correct answer series
n = 1 or n =2
4 1
n (n 1) 3 1
n(n 1)(2n 1) 1
n(n 1)
4 6 2
A1
M1
[6] Obtain
Multiply 2 correct
M and M (unsimplified
k
, either order ) terms (Q3, June 2013)
rd
4 2 2k 1 2 2 or 2 k 1
2 k 1
2 A1
B1
A1 Obtain
Establishcorrect
result
Obtain correct element3 (unsimplified)
true for n = 1 or term
n = 2
n3 (n 1) M1
M1 Attempt
Multiply toMfactorise,
and Mk, at leastorder
either factor of n
A1 Obtain other 3 correct elements
1 1 1 A2 Obtain correct answer, A1 if not fully factorised
2 2k 2 2 or 2k 2k 2 A1
A1 Obtain correct
Obtain 2k 2 2element convincingly
[6]
A1 Specific
Obtain statement of induction elementsconclusion, provided 5/5 earned so far and
41
6 (i) B1
M1 Use argother
(zk –2 a)3 =correct in equation for l condone missing brackets
A1 verified
Obtain 2for n =21convincingly
arg( z 3i) 1
4 A1
[6] Obtain correct answer
Specific statement of induction conclusion, provided 5/5 earned so far and
B1
M1 Use
verified
z for a nk=in1 equation for C, k must be real
[6]
z 3i 3 A1 5 Obtain correct answer
[4]
(ii) z 3i 3 or e.g. x 2 ( y 3)2 9 B1 5 Obtain correct inequality, or answer consistent with sensible (i)
1
4
arg( z 3i) 1
2 or y x 3, x 0 B1 B1 Each correct single inequality, or answer consistent with sensible (i)
[3] SC if < used consistently, but otherwise all correct, B2
7 (i) 0 1
B1B1 Each column correct (Q6, June 2013)
1 0
[2]
(ii) 1 0
B1B1 Each column correct
0 1
[2]
(iii) 0 1 M1 Attempt at matrix multiplication in correct order
1 0 A1FT Obtain correct answer from their (i) and (ii)

[2]
(iv) Reflection, in y = x B1B1 Correct description of their (iii) only
[2]