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BGP Presentation

Autonomous systems are networks that share the same routing policy and administrative control. They use interior gateway protocols within the autonomous system and exterior gateway protocols between autonomous systems. Interior routing automatically discovers routes within a trusted domain, while exterior routing is specifically configured between peering autonomous systems to set administrative boundaries.

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Hamed Moghaddamnia
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29 views15 pages

BGP Presentation

Autonomous systems are networks that share the same routing policy and administrative control. They use interior gateway protocols within the autonomous system and exterior gateway protocols between autonomous systems. Interior routing automatically discovers routes within a trusted domain, while exterior routing is specifically configured between peering autonomous systems to set administrative boundaries.

Uploaded by

Hamed Moghaddamnia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Autonomous Systems

• A network(s) sharing the same routing policy


–Possibly multiple IGPs
–Usually under single administrative control
• Contiguous internal connectivity
• Inter-Domain Routing Protocols (EGPs) provide
the ability to determine optimal paths through a
collection of Autonomous Systems
EE156 - Computer Network Architecture
Interior vs. Exterior Routing
• Interior
– Automatic discovery
– Generally trust your IGP routers
– Routes go to all IGP routers
• Exterior
– Specifically configured peers
– Connecting with outside networks
– Set administrative boundaries
EE156 - Computer Network Architecture
Stub Network
B
ISP
A
• No need for BGP
AS 100 –ISP advertises the stub
network
–Policy confined within ISP
policy
• Default to the border
EE156 - Computer Network Architecture
Multi-Homed Network
ISP1
A D
ISP2
B C
AS 200

• Many situations possible


–Multiple links to same ISP
–Secondary for only backup
–Loadshare between primary and secondary
–Selectively use different ISPs
EE156 - Computer Network Architecture
Service Providers
AS AS
100 A H 200
B C

AS
300
D F
E

G
• All routers run BGP AS
400
• iBGP used to carry exterior routes
• IGP carries local information only
EE156 - Computer Network Architecture
BGP - General Operation

• Learns multiple paths via internal


and external BGP speakers
• Picks THE bestpath and installs it in
the IP forwarding table
• Policies applied by influencing the
bestpath selection
EE156 - Computer Network Architecture
Description - rfc1771

• BGP speaker advertises only the routes that


it itself uses
–“hop-by-hop” routing paradigm
• Reliable Transport Protocol
–no need to implement fragmentation, reTX,
ACKs and sequencing (TCP takes care of this)

EE156 - Computer Network Architecture


Summary of Operation

• TCP connection established (port 179)


• Exchange messages to open and confirm the
connection parameters
• Initial exchange of entire table
• Incremental updates
• Keepalive messages exchanged

EE156 - Computer Network Architecture


Message Types

• OPEN
• UPDATE
• NOTIFICATION
• KEEPALIVE
• size: 19 to 4096 octets

EE156 - Computer Network Architecture


OPEN Message
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Version |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| My Autonomous System |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hold Time |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| BGP Identifier |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Opt Parm Len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| Optional Parameters |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

EE156 - Computer Network Architecture


OPEN Message (Cont.)
• Used to initiate a neighbor relationship
• Version: default is 4
• My AS (2 octets)
• Hold Time (default = 180)
• Optional Parameters
–authentication
–multiprotocol routing information
EE156 - Computer Network Architecture
External Neighbors (eBGP)

AS 109
A

• BGP speakers in 131.108.0.0/16 .1

different AS 131.108.10.0/24

AS 110
• Should be directly .2 B

connected
150.10.0.0/16

EE156 - Computer Network Architecture


Internal Neighbors (iBGP)
AS 100
D
A
B

• BGP peer within the same AS E

• Not required to be directly


connected
• iBGP neighbors should be fully
meshed! EE156 - Computer Network Architecture
Information Transfer

• From eBGP -> advertise to all


• From iBGP -> advertise only to eBGP
–full iBGP mesh is required!!
• Propagate ONLY the best path

EE156 - Computer Network Architecture


BGP - Attributes
• NEXT_HOP = IP address of eBGP peer
from which the route was learned
• AS_PATH = contains the list of AS
traversed to reach a destination
• LOCAL_PREFERENCE = indicator of
preferred exit
• MED = indicator of preferred entrance

EE156 - Computer Network Architecture

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