Java Collections: Maps

USING THE MAP INTERFACE

Dr. Sarah Holderness

PLURALSIGHT AUTHOR
@dr_holderness
Assumptions

Basic Java knowledge using interfaces and

inheritance.
 – The Collection and Map Interfaces
What this course
– Using a Map
will focus on
– Practical example analyzing Tweets
The Java Collections Framework

COLLECTIONS FRAMEWORK

COLLECTION INTERFACE MAP INTERFACE

LIST SET MAP

An ordered group A group of unique values An unordered group key

of values that are without an index value pairs that are
indexed indexed by a key
numerically
The Java Collections Framework

COLLECTIONS FRAMEWORK

COLLECTION INTERFACE MAP INTERFACE

LIST SET MAP

An ordered group A group of unique values An unordered group key

of values that are without an index value pairs that are
indexed indexed by a key
numerically
Comparing a List to a Map
A List
Values

Indices
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A Map
Values

Keys must be
Keys Compass Hat Ball Cards Wand Crystal unique, values
can be repeated
Map Methods

MAP

Map methods:
Map has 25 methods in Java 8,
•containsKey(), and we’ll cover these here.
•containsValue()
•entrySet(),
•forEach()
•get()
•keySet()
•put()
•putAll()
•remove()
•replace()
•size()
•values()
...and more!
The Map Interface

A Map is an Interface, like a Blueprint, that says you MUST

implement these methods to be a Map:
MAP •...
COMPASS: CARDS: •get()
•put()
•putAll()
CRYSTAL BALL: •remove()
•replace()
WAND: HAT: •size()
•values()
...and more!

But we can’t initialize an Interface, so let’s get more specific…

Can We Initialize a Map Yet?

Map<String, Integer> languages = new Map<String, Integer>();

Since Map is ALSO an Interface, we need a non-abstract 


(non-interface) implementation of a Map to initialize.

•Build our own?

•HashMap
•TreeMap
•LinkedHashMap
Can We Initialize a Map Yet?

Map<String, Integer> languages = new Map<String, Integer>();

Since Map is ALSO an Interface, we need a non-abstract 


(non-interface) implementation of a Map to initialize.

•Build our own?

Let’s start with a HashMap -
•HashMap one of the most common Maps used

•TreeMap
•LinkedHashMap
Initializing a Map
Our Map will store the names of some programming languages as
keys and the number of courses in our catalog as values.

Map<String, Integer> coursesByLanguage = new HashMap<>();

Initializing a Map
Our Map will store the names of some programming languages as
keys and the number of courses in our catalog as values.

Map<String,
Map String, Integer>
Integer coursesByLanguage = new HashMap<>();
HashMap<>

General Map What’s in Specific type Leave type out

Interface the Map of Map here, it’s inferred
Initializing a Map
If we declare our variable as a Map instead HashMap, we can easily
change the specific kind of Map as needed.

HashMap<String, Integer> languages = new HashMap<>();

HashMap HashMap

This is not wrong…

...but using a general Map on the left lets us switch out the type
of Map we use on the right without changing any other code!

Using a general Map on

Map<String, Integer> languages = new TreeMap
Map TreeMap<>(); the left is more flexible

Map<String, Integer> languages = new MyMap<>();

Map MyMap
 Maps Can Hold any Types of Keys and Values
Map of Integer keys and String values
Map<Integer, String> ssn = new HashMap<>();

Map of String keys and objects of class MyProduct values

Map<String, MyProduct> products = new HashMap<>();

Map of Integer key and List of Strings value

Map<Integer, List<String>> tweets = new HashMap<>();

 Adding elements to a Map with put()

Map<String, Integer> languagesCount = new HashMap<>();

languagesCount.put("HTML", 5);
languagesCount.put("CSS", 3);
languagesCount.put("JavaScript", 20);

key value

System.out.println(languagesCount.size());

Console output
> 3
 Getting elements from a Map with get()
Map<String, Integer> languagesCount = new HashMap<>();
languagesCount.put("HTML", 5);
languagesCount.put("CSS", 3);
languagesCount.put("JavaScript", 20);

System.out.println("Num of HTML courses: ", languagesCount.get("HTML"));

Console output
> Num of HTML courses: 5
 Checking if a Map Contains a Certain Key
Map<String, Integer> languagesCount = new HashMap<>();
languagesCount.put("HTML", 5);
languagesCount.put("CSS", 3);
languagesCount.put("JavaScript", 20);

if (languagesCount.containsKey("HTML"))
System.out.print("Yes! We do teach HTML");
else
System.out.print("We do not teach HTML");

Console output
> Yes! We do teach HTML
 Iterating through the Map Entries

key "HTML" "CSS" "JS"

value 5 3 20

A Map.Entry is an entrySet() returns a Set of the

individual key/value pair key/value Entries used for iterating

for(Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry : languagesCount.entrySet()) {

System.out.format("%d %s courses%n", entry.getValue(), entry.getKey());
}

Console output
Prints each entry’s
> 3 CSS courses value and key in this
5 HTML courses format.
20 JS courses
 A Map’s Key Set

key "HTML" "CSS" "JS"

value 5 3 20

System.out.println("The languages we teach are: " + languagesCount.keySet());

Note that keySet() returns a

Set and Sets have unique
values. This is possible since
Map keys must also be unique.

Console output
> The languages we teach are: [CSS, JS, HTML]
 Summing the Map Values

key "HTML" "CSS" "JS"

value 5 3 20

int sumCourses = 0;
Note that values() returns a
for(Integer value : languagesCount.values()) { List not a Set since the values
sumCourses += value; do not need to be unique.
}
System.out.println("Total courses: " + sumCourses);

Console output
> Total courses: 28
How are the entries
ordered in a Map?
 • HashMap - no order is guaranteed

Order Depends on • LinkedHashMap - insertion order

is preserved
the Type of Map
• TreeMap - elements are in sorted
order by key
 TreeMap Keys are Sorted
Map<String, Integer> languagesCount = new TreeMap<>();
languagesCount.put("Python", 10);
languagesCount.put("HTML", 5); Notice these are not
languagesCount.put("CSS", 3); added in sorted order
languagesCount.put("JavaScript", 20);

for(Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry : languagesCount.entrySet())

System.out.format("%d %s courses%n", entry.getValue(), entry.getKey());

Console output
Elements are added
> 3 CSS courses in sorted order by
5 HTML courses key to the TreeMap
20 JavaScript courses
10 Python courses
 LinkedHashMap Preserves Insertion Order
Map<String, Integer> languagesCount = new LinkedHashMap<>();
languagesCount.put("Python", 10);
languagesCount.put("HTML", 5); Notice these are not
languagesCount.put("CSS", 3); added in sorted order
languagesCount.put("JavaScript", 20);

for(Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry : languagesCount.entrySet())

System.out.format("%d %s courses%n", entry.getValue(), entry.getKey());

Console output
> 10 Python courses Elements are in the
order in which they
5 HTML courses were added
3 CSS courses
20 JavaScript courses