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41 views114 pages

Bio .Pp1 Prediction Master Cycles

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KCSE 2023 PREDICTION CYCLES

BIOLOGY PAPER 1
KCSE 2023 TOP PREREDICTION CYCLE 1-10
CLASS OF KCSE 2023 NOVEMBER
The set Comprises of 10 Prediction Cycles prepared by a panel of
Top Writers from KNEC Nairobi HQ

Kenya Educators Consultancy is proud to announce that in KCSE 2022

National Examination, More than 55% of our predictions from the same
panelists appeared in the national exam (KCSE)

All KCSE 2023 November Candidates are advised to take the questions
in this package of predictions serious as they prepare for the national
exams!

FOR MARKING SCHEMES AND SIMILAR RESOURCES :

CONTACT:
MR MACHUKI – 0724333200
OR
ORDER ONLINE AT:
www.kenyaeducators.co.ke

Confidential!!!

All the best to all KCSE 2023 Candidates as they prepare for the national exams

KENYA EDUCATORS CONSULTANCY

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231/1
BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
Time: 2 hours

KCSE 2023 TOP PREDICTION MASTER

CYCLE 1

NAME………………………………………………………CLASS…………………………

SCHOOL………………………………………………….SIGNATURE…………………

INSTRUCTIONS

a. Write your name, school and class in the spaces provided

b. Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

c. This paper consists of 9 printed pages

d, Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and no questions are missing.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE

1-31 80

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SECTION A

1. Name two branches of microbiology (2marks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Give two important functions of a fruit with regard to a plant (2marks)

3. Construct a food chain with the following: (1mark)

Orange fruit, large bird, fruit fly, small bird

4. A student wrote the scientific name of Baobab tree as adansonia Digitata.

(a) Identify two mistakes made by the student (2marks)

(b) Identify the species name (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. State the differences between light and electron microscopes in terms of the following:
(2marks)

(a) way of illumination

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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(b) Source of illumination

6. Explain how parasitism differ from predation (2marks)

7. (a) Explain how papain is used as a meat tenderizer in food processing industries (2marks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Name a plant excretory product that is toxic to plasmodium (1mark)

8. Distinguish between ilium and ilium (1mark)

9. Explain why Egyptian mummies are not regarded as fossils (1mark)

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10. Explain what would happen to digestion and blood sugar regulation if the pancreatic duct of
a mammal was blocked. (3marks)

11. Equal amounts of three different sugar solutions were placed in the visking tubings X, Y and
Z. the tubings were placed in a beaker of water containing 5% sugar solution. The set up was
left for two hours. The results were as shown below.

(a) Name the process being tested in this experiment (1mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Account for the observation (3marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. (a) Define the term allergy (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Distinguish between allograft and isograft (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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13. State two adaptations of the placenta to its function (2marks)
............................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
14. The diagram below shows chemical reactions I and II which are controlled by enzymes.
Glucose + Glucose

Reaction II Reaction I
Enzyme B Enzyme A
X + Water
(i) Into which class of carbohydrates is X? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Name reaction I and enzyme A (2marks)
Reaction I…………………………………………………………………………………...
Enzyme A…………………………………………………………………………………...
15. The figure below illustrates aerobic respiration in a cell

(a) Name the raw material named X and products A and B (3marks)
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Identify process T (1mark)
...........................................................................................................................................................

16. Name a characteristic in man controlled by multiple alleles (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Some scientists argue that Lamarck’s theory is false and not valid. What is your scientific
view on this? (3marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
18. State two natural ways in which in which seed dormancy can be terminated (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
19. Explain why the temperate bears have thick adipose tissues (2marks)
............................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
20. Study the diagram shown below of the anterior view of a lumbar vertebra of a mammal.

(a) Name the parts labelled: A, and B, (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) State the adaptation of the part labelled D. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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21. Distinguish between parthenocarpy and parthenogenesis (2marks)
............................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
22. State three symptoms of menopause (3marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
23. The figure below shows feet of various birds. Study the diagram and answer the questions
that follow.

bird A bird B bird C

bird D bird E

(i) Name the type of evolution represented by the diagrams. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(i) Using Darwin’s theory of evolution, explain how the feet of bird E would have evolved.
(3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. Describe how contraction of the diaphragm muscles leads to inhalation (4marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
25. Explain the effect of burning of fossil fuels on the health of humans (3marks)
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
26. State two distinguishing characteristics of members of the kingdom Monera (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
27. State two structural differences between the xylem and the phloem (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. Explain why seeds buried deep in the soil fail to germinate (2marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
29. Explain how starch provides energy for living organisms (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
30. The diagram below shows part of the inner ear

(a) Name the apparatus (1mark)

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…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) State the function of the apparatus (1mark)
............................................................................................................................................................
(c) Name the parts labeled 1 and 5 (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
31. (a) state the role of the following hormones during lactation (2marks)
(i) Prolactin
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Oxytocin
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Other than the role mentioned above, give another role of oxytocin in the body of a
female (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

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Name.............................................................................................. Adm No.........................................

Signature................................................................. Date.............................................

231/1

BIOLOGY

PAPER 1

FORM FOUR

TIME:2 HOURS

KCSE TOP PREDICTION MASTER CYCLE 2

Instructions to candidates.

a) Write your name and adm number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
c) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
d) This paper consists of 8 printed pages.
e) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated
and that no questions are missing.
f) Candidates should answer all the questions in English.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Section Question Maximum Candidate’s
Score Score

A 1-28 80

Total Score

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1. A student was viewing a slide preparation of an onion cell under high power of a light microscope and
observed that the features of the cell were blurred.
a) Name the part of the microscope the student would use to obtain sharper focus of the features.
(1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

b) State the function of mirror in a light microscope. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. (a) Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells. State two structural features which suit them to
their function. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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(b) Apart from gaseous exchange, give one other function of stomata. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. The diagram below is a specialized mammalian cell.

a) Name the parts labeled B and D (2mks)

B……………………………………………………………………………………………………

D…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

b) State the function of the following

i. Part labeled A (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

ii. The portion marked C (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. In an experiment to investigate a product of photosynthesis, the set up was as shown in the diagram
below. The apparatus was placed in the sun.

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a) State the confirmatory test for gas Y. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

b) Explain why Elodea is the most suitable plant for this experiment. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

c) State the function of the sodium hydrogen carbonate in the experiment. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. (a) Name one hormone involved in insect metamorphosis. (1mk)

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) State the importance of metamorphosis to the life of insects. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6. A student measured the diameter of a mitochondrion on a photomicrograph whose magnification was

X50, 000 to be 1mm. What was the actual size of the mitochondrion in micrometers? (2mks)

7. The diagrams below are of two conducting elements of the xylem tissue.

a) Identify each of them (2mks)

A………………………………………… B………………………………………………

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b) What makes the cellulose side wall of both A and B impermeable to water and solutes? (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

8. State two advantages of natural selection to organisms. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

9. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

a) Name the process taking place in step labeled I (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

______________________________________________________________________________
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b) Give two reasons why accumulation of substances D in the body leads to an increase in the heart
beat. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

c) Identify substance E (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

10. In an experiment to investigate certain physiological process, a student had his experiment set up
as shown below.

To ascertain the occurrence of the physiological process investigated he carried out food test on the
water in the beaker. Both starch test and reducing sugar test at the beginning of the experiment
were negative. After the set up was left undisturbed for 20 minutes, starch test was still negative but
that of reducing sugar was positive.

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a) State the physiological process which takes place in the human body illustrated by the set up
above. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

b) Name the part of the human body where the processes stated in (10) (a) above takes place.
(1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

11. A group of students were walking in the forest and they came across two organisms A and B
showing the following characteristics

A B
- two pairs of walking legs per segment - one pair of walking legs per segment
- one pair of antennae - one pair of antennae
- jointed appendages - jointed appendages

State the class to which each organism belongs (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

12. (a) Name the principal site of gaseous exchange in the lungs of humans (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) State two ways in which the structure named in (12) (a) above is adapted to its function
(2mks)

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

13. An investigation was carried out on a terrestrial ecosystem. The population sizes and species
biomass were determined and recorded as shown in the table

Species Population size Species biomass

A 1×103 1×103
B 1×103 1×10-1
C 1×105 1×10
D 1×10 1×104

a) If these organisms had feeding relationships, construct a simple food chain involving all the
organisms (1mk)

b) Construct pyramid of numbers using the data provided above. (2mks)

c) State one disadvantage of using pyramid of numbers in expressing feeding relationships in

ecological ecosystem. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

14. Why is excretion of nitrogenous wastes more of a problem to animals than plants? (2mks)

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

15. (a) Give two possible ways of establishing the genotype of an organism whose genotype is
unknown. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Why is that a father can only transmit hemophilia to his daughter but not to his son? (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

16. (a) Explain why swallowing and breathing in cannot occur at the same time. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Why is it necessary that pepsin be produced in its inactive forms? (1mk)
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

17. (a) Name the part of the brain which deals with regulation of body temperature. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) The graph below shows the temperature of two organisms A and B under different
external temperature. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

Give the terms used to describe organisms A and B (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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(c) What advantage does organism A have over B (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

18. State two distinguishing features used in separating members of the phylum Arthropoda into
various classes. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

19. (a) Name two kinds of nuclei found in a mature pollen grain. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) State what is meant by double fertilization in flowering plants. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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20. Carbon (iv) oxide can be transported from the tissues t the lungs within the red blood cells.
Give two advantages of this mode of transport. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

21. (a) Differentiate between the primary growth and secondary growth in woody plants. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Name two tissues responsible for secondary growth in flowering plants. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

22. (a) State two significance of myelin sheath. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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(b) Name the cell that secretes the myelin sheath. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(c) List the following in order in which they are involved in a simple reflex action. Motor
neurone, effectors, stimulus, intermediate (relay) neurone, sensory neuron, impulse, receptor.
(1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

23. The diagram below shows part of the mammalian circulatory system.

a) Identify the blood vessel marked Q (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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b) State two differences in the composition of blood in vessel R and P (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

24. Name two strengthening tissues in woody plants. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

25. State three structural adaptations of a thoracic vertebra to its function (3mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

26. (i) Name the type of response exhibited by the growth of pollen tube towards the ovary in a
flowering plant. (1mk)
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(ii) State two importance of response named in 26 (i) above to the plants. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

27. Explain why sweat accumulates on a person’s skin in a hot humid environment. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

28. Name the deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin A in human. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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NAME:……………………………………………………………………………………...CLASS………….……………………

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231/1
Biology
Paper 1
(THEORY)
TIME:2 HOURS

KCSE TOP PREDICTION MASTER CYCLE 3

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES
a) Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided.
c) Answer ALL the questions in this question paper.
d) Answers must be written in the spaces provided
e) This paper consists of 10 printed pages.
f) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing.
g) Candidates should answer all the questions in English.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY.

QUESTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

SCORE

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

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Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1. State two characteristics of organisms that are easily observed in both animals and plants. (2 marks)

2. Fingerlings of fish were introduced to two different ponds. Those fingerlings in bond one all died
within four days but the fingerlings in pond two survived.

Suggest the likely reasons why the fingerlings in pond one died. (3 marks)

3. A student observing a specimen through a microscope viewed a blurred image of the specimen.
Suggest two possible reasons for this observation. (2 marks)

4. State two processes that take place during anaphase of mitosis. (2 marks)

5. Distinguish between convergent and divergent evolution. (1 mark)

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6. (a) Terrestrial insects such as locusts were captured and their blood was analysed. It was found that
the blood does not have blood pigments such as haemoglobin. Explain. (2 marks)

(b) State how the tracheal system in insects is adapted to gaseous exchange. (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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7. State two functions of a diastema in herbivores. (2 marks)

8. The diagram below shows part of a starch molecule.

(a) Identify what the circles and the lines joining them represents. (2 marks)

Circles ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Lines …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) Draw how the structure will appear after the enzyme amylase has acted on the starch molecule and
name the products. (2 marks)

Drawing:

Products …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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9. Explain two ways in which the chloroplast is adapted to photosynthesis. (2 marks)

10. The diagram shown below represent cells from a certain type of epithelial tissues in mammals.

(a) Name the part labeled V. (1 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) Identify the region of the mammalian body where the epithelial tissue maybe found. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Explain what would happen to red blood cells if blood glucose concentration increased due failure
of the secretion of insulin. (3 marks)

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12. State three biotic factors that could affect an antelope living in Masai Mara. (3 marks)

13. A drop of a person’s blood shows clumping in serum of blood group B but not in serum of blood
group A.

(a) Identify the blood group of this person. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Name the antibodies found in blood of the following groups. (2 marks)

(i) Blood group A …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Blood group AB ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. list three methods used to show energy flow through the ecosystem. (3 marks)

15. Name three organelles that would be abundantly present in secretory cells. (3 marks)

16. Give three ways in which the red blood cell is adapted to transport oxygen? (3 marks)

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17. Describe how the leaves of submerged plants are adapted to gaseous exchange. (3 marks)

18. Name the part of the seed whose growth brings about epigeal germination. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

19. State three aspects of light that affect the rate of photosynthesis. (3 marks)

20. (a) Identify the class with organisms that have three body parts and three pairs of legs. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Suggest three reasons why members of the class named in (a) above are adapted to all types of
habitats. (3 marks)

21. (a) List three types of gene mutation. (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) (i) What are sex-linked genes? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Name two conditions that are sex-linked. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22. (a) State any two rules of binomial nomenclature. (2 marks)

(b) Define the term species. (2 marks)

23. (a) Name two digestive enzymes produced in their inactive form. (2 marks)

(b) Explain why the enzymes named in (a) above are produced in inactive form. (2 marks)

24. (a) Define immunity. (1 mark)

(b) Giving an example in each case, give two main types of immunity. (4 marks)

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

25. Identify three methods that cause fruit dispersal. (3 marks)

26. State three factors that increase the rate of traspiration. (3 marks)

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NAME………………………………………………………….INDEX NO………………………

SCHOOL…………………………………………………….. DATE……………………………

ADM NO………………………..

231/1
BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
(THEORY )
TIME: 2 HOURS

KCSE TOP PREDICTION MASTER CYCLE 4

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
● Write your name, Index and Adm number in the spaces provided above.
● Answer all questions in the spaces provided on the question paper.
● Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
● Additional pages must NOT be inserted.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Question Maximum Score Candidate’s Score

1-27 80

This paper consists of 8 printed pages. Candidates should check to ascertain that all pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are
missing.

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1. Name the blood vessel that suppIies:
(a) The heart with nutrients. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) The foetus with oxygen (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Explain why it is important to stain specimen to be observed under a light microscope. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What is wilting? (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. State the significance of the following steps while testing for disaccharide in food sample. (2mks)
(a) Addition of dilute hydrochloric acid
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Addition of sodium bicarbonate.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. a) (i) Name the fluid produced by sebaceous gland. ( 1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) State two function of the fluid name in 5 a) (i) above. ( 2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Explain how malpighian layer of the skin is adapted to perform its function. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. A certain animal had one cell from its alimentary canal observed under light microscope. A total of 40
chromosomes were seen.
(a) State the number of chromosomes in
(i) The spermatozoan of this animal (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) One of cells in the tongue. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Name a structure in mature plant where meiosis takes place. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. A biological washing detergent contain enzymes which remove stain like mucus and oil from clothes
which are soaked in water with the detergent.

(a) Explain why stain would be removed faster with detergent in water at 35oC rather than 50oC (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Why is boiling clothes with the detergent less likely to remove stain. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Name an enzyme that catalyses the decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate to facilitate
transportation of carbon (IV) Oxide. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. Form 2 students from samba secondary school set up an experiment as shown below.

(a) Explain the change observed at the end of the experiment. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………
a) Explain what would happen if water has been used instead of potassium hydroxide. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. State two advantages of metamorphosis to the life cycle of insects. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………

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10. The concentration of lactic acid in blood during and after an exercise was determined. The results
are shown in the graph below.

(a) (i) By how much did the lactic acid increase at the end of 10 minutes? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) After how many minutes was the lactic acid concentration 78mg/100cm3 ( 2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) What would be the concentration of lactic acid at the 60th minutes. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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(b) Give a reason for the high rate of production of lactic acid during the exercise. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
11. Name the part of human brain that perform the following function (2mks)
(a) Controls peristalsis
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Control intelligence
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. Outline the differences between Darwin’s theory and Lamarck’s theory of evolution. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Give three functions of cystokinin hormone in plant . (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
14. Explain why plants do not require specialized excretory organ. (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
15. The diagram below represents a stage in cell division.\

(a) Identify the stage of cell division (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Give a reason for your answer (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
16. Outline three functions of colon . (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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17. State two advantages of closed circulatory systems in mammal. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
18. Explain what happens to excess amino- acids in the liver of humans (3 Mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. (a) Which portions of the human nephron are only found in the cortex? (3 mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) (i) What would happen if a person produced less antidiuretic hormone? (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
20. Explain double fertilization as used in flowering plants. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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21. State one survival value for each of the following in plants (1mark)

a) Haptotropism in stems
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
(1mark)
b) Thigmonasty in Mimosa pudica
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………

c) What is meant by the term polyploidy? (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
d) Give an example of a genetic disorder caused by non-disjunction in somatic cell
(1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………

22. (a) Explain how mammalian trachea is adapted to its function ( 2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Name the gaseous exchange site in bony fish. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
23. Explain the role of the following hormone in homeostasis
(a) Insulin ( 3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Aldosterone hormone when there is less water in blood stream. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
24. Outline three difference between plant divisions Bryophyta and Pteridophyta (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
25. Name two products of light stage of photosynthesis that are useful in light independent stage. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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26. State two functions of xylem tissue. ( 2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

27. State two function of golgi apparatus ( 2mks)

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Name………………………………………Adm No……
Class…………… Date……………………………
231/1
BIOLOGY
Paper 1
KCSE TOP PREDICTION MASTER CYCLE 5

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

Write your Name, Class and Adm NO in the spaces provided above.
Answer all the questions in this paper in the spaces provided.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY:

Question Maximum Candidate’s
Score Score
1 - 27 80

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ATTEMPT ALL THE QUESTIONS
1. Some form one students wanted to collect the following animals for study in the laboratory. State
the suitable apparatus they should use.
i) Housefly (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

ii) Scorpion (1 mk)

.
..........................................................................................................................................................

iii) Ants (1 mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………….......
2. State two reasons why a snake is classified as a reptile. (2 mks)
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................

3. (a) Explain the role of oxygen in Active transport (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Name two processes that depend on Active transport in animals (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

............................................................................................................................................................................

4. Explain how sunken stomata lower the rate of transpiration (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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5. State how xylem vessel is adapted to its function (3mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6). a) Define the term immunity. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………......
b) Distinguish between natural immunity and acquired immunity. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

c) Identify one immunizable disease in Kenya. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

7. (a) State two adaptations of the alveolus to its functions. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Suggest a reason for asthmatic patient producing a wheezing sound during breathing? (1mk)

.........................................................................................................................................................................
(c) What is the significance of the cartilage found in the human trachea being incomplete (c- shaped
rings) (1mk)

........................................................................................................................................................................

8. Define the following terms;

(i) Inter specific competition. (1mk)

......................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Carrying capacity (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....

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9. Suggest two methods that can be used to determine the type of food eaten by animals. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. (a)State one significance of genetics counseling (1mk)

.....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Part of a strand of DNA molecules was found to have the following sequence
A-T-C-G-G-G-A-T-C-T. What is the sequence?

(i) Of the complementary strand? (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) On a m- RNA strand copied (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11). The paddles of whales and the fins of fish adapt these organisms to aquatic habitats.

a) Name the evolutionary process that may have given rise to these structures. (1mk)

.......................................................................................................................................................................

b) What is the name given to such structures? (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

c) Give two examples of vestigial organs in man. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

.......................................................................................................................................................................
12. Name the organelles that carry out the following functions (4mks)

(i) Destroy old and worn-out organelles

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(ii) Formation of spindle fibres

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Osmoregulation

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iv) Selective passage of substances into the cell

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. (a) Why would you give an athlete glucose and not sucrose after a race? (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) What happens to lactic acid after oxygen debt recovery? (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

14.State the difference between glycolysis and kreb”s cycle based on the following.
a) where they occur . ( 1 mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Amount of energy produced. ( 1 mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) End product(s) (1 mk )

……………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. a) Under which of the following magnifications would one see a larger part of the specimen X40 0r
X500? Give a reason. (2 mks)

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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State how magnification is worked out in a light microscope. (1 mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. The illustration below shows a transverse section through a mammalian kidney.

(a) Name the structures labelled X and Y.

X ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ( 1mk)

Y ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1mk)

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(b) State the process in Q that leads to the formation of glomerular filtrate. (1mk)

......................................................................................................................................................................
c) State one function of sebum (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. State three differences in composition between umbilical artery and umbilical vein. (3 marks)

Umbilical vein Umbilical artery

18. (a)What is meant by the term taxonomy? (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b)When are two organisms considered to belong to the same species. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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19).The diagram below shows part of alimentary canal of a mammal

(i)Name the parts labeled A and C (2mks)

A …………………………………………………………………………………………

C ………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii)State the function of the part labeled B. (1mk)

............................................................................................................................................................................

20). The graph below shows the relationship between body temperatures and external temperatures in a
human being and a snake. Study it and answer questions that follow.

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a) What happens to the temperature of each organism as the external temperature increases. (2 mks)
Human –……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Snake –.........................................................................................................................................................

b) Humans are described as homoithermic. State the advantage of this condition. (2mks)
..........................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

21.a)State three differences between light stage and dark stage of photosynthesis. (3 mks)

Light stage Dark stage

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22. Define;

i) Pulmonary circulation (1mk)

................................................................................................................................................................

ii) Systemic circulation (1mk)

................................................................................................................................................................

23 .The diagram below represents a plant cell that was subjected to a certain treatment.

At the start At the end of the experiment

a) Account for the shape of the cell at the end of the experiment. (2 mks)

......................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

b) Draw a diagram to illustrate how an animal cell would appear if subjected to the same treatment. (1mk)

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24. a) Give a reason why each of the following steps are followed when preparing cross sections of a leaf
for examination under a microscope.

i) Cutting thin sections. (2 mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

ii) Placing the sections in water. (1 mk)

...........................................................................................................................................................................

25. Explain why the population of people with sickle cell anaemia is higher in malaria prone areas. (3mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

26. The diagram below is of a stage in cell division

With a reason identify the stage.

Stage (1 mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Reason (1 mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

27. The graph below represents growth pattern in a group organism

(a) Name the type of growth curve (1 mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Name the phylum that shows this type of pattern (1 mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) State one disadvantage of this type of pattern (1 mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

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THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

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NAME……………………………………………………..CLASS…………………………...

ADM………………………………………………

231/1

BIOLOGY
Paper 1
Time: 2 Hours.

KCSE TOP PREDICTION MASTER CYCLE

Instructions
1. Write your name, Index Number and School in the spaces provided above.
2. Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided above.
3. Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
4. Additional pages must not be inserted.
5. Check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed and that no
questions are missing.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Question Maximum Candidate’s
Score Score

1-25 80
1. (a). State the meaning of the following terms. (1mark)

(i). Science -
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii). Biology- (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Explain the following braches of biology. (3 mark)

(i). Zoology -
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii). Entomology -
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….

(iii). Morphology –

2. The diagram below illustrates a process in an organism of a given species

a.) Identify the process taking place in the organism above. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
State two economic importance of the organism above. (2 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. HIV/AIDS is a major killer disease with no known treatment. Anti-Retroviral drugs
are used to manage it.

(a). What is the role of anti-Retroviral drugs in HIV/AIDS management. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b). Suggest two ways of controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. Name two bones that articulate to form a ball and socket joint at the hip. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. The figures below illustrates specialized cells in an animal’s body.

(i). Identify the cells M and N. (2 marks)

M–

N–

(ii). State the structural differences between M and N. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii). Which of the above specialized cells is found in the gut. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Explain why tracheids are not efficient in transporting water up the plant. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Insect’s blood is noted to lack a respiratory pigment. Explain. (2 marks)

8. Give two destinations of food translocated from the leaves of plants. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Name the organelle that is likely to be found in abundance in
a.) An enzyme secreting cell. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b). Cell producing lipid related secretions (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. A form one student trying to estimate the size of onion cells observed the following
on the microscope field of view. (2 marks)
If the student counted 20 cells across the field of view. Calculate the size of one cell in
micrometers. (3 marks)
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................

11.a). Name the cells that secrete mucus in the human alimentary canal (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b). Explain the role of hydrochloric acid in protein digestion in the stomach of mammals.
(2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. Assume you are a nutritionist, name the kind of vitamins you would recommend to
patients with the following conditions
(a). Poor night vision. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b). Bleeding gums (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c). Excessive bleeding after an injury. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

13. State the characteristics that distinguish the following organisms into their respective
classes,millipedes,spider and Tsetsefly (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Name two classes of phylum Arthropoda with cephalothorax (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. (a). Name the main group of organisms which comprises the kingdom monera.
(1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(b). State any three ways in which the organism; named in (a) above affect human lives.
(3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. (a). The experiment illustrated below was set up to investigate a certain physiological
process using a raw Irish potato tuber.

(i). Suggest a possible physiological process that was being investigated. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii). Explain the results obtained in the above experiment after a few hours. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii). State the observations that would have been made if the experiment was repeated using
boiled potato. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b). Explain why growing grass die a few days when salt is sprinkled on it. (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
17.Give an example o a sec-linked trait in human one
(i). Y- chromosome- (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii). X-Chromosome- (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
18. The diagram below represents a portion of a certain nucleic acid
G A C C A U U C G A

With reason identify the type of nucleic whose portion is shown above
Identify- (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Reason- (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
19. The diagram below show a pair of homologous chromosomes. Study them and answer
the questions that follow.

(i). State the genetic significance of the phenomenon. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. The table below shows the percentage composition of carbon (IV) oxide and Oxygen in
inhaled and exhaled air. Inhaled air contain oxygen 20% and carbon (IV) oxide 0.04%.
Gas Inhaled air Exhaled air
Oxygen 20% 17%
Carbon (IV) Oxide 0.04% 40%

Explain the differences in the percentage of the two gases in inhaled and exhaled air
(a). Oxygen. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b). Carbon (IV) oxide. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

21. Give the forms in which the following gases are transported in blood. (3 marks)

(a). Oxygen
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b). Carbon (IV) Oxide

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c). Carbon (II) Oxide

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

22. The following graph represents a growth pattern observed in a group of animals.

(a). Name the type of growth shown above. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b). Name the phylum of animals whose members display the growth pattern named in (a)
above. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c). Identify the process which lead to increase in body size at part marked S. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. The diagram below show a tip of a plant coleoptile with light coming towards it from
one direction.

(a). How would the plant respond to light. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b). Give the name of such a response. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c). What is the advantage of plant responding in this way? (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. The diagram below illustrates parts of a nephron from a mammalian kidney.

(a). Name the fluid found in part labelled Q. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b). Identify the process that lead to the formation of fluid named in (a) above. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c). Which two hormones exert their effect in the nephron? (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………

25. Name the habitat of the following plants. (2 marks)

(i). Xerophytes –
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii). Halophytes -
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name: …………………………………………………………. Adm No: ……………….
School: ……………………………………………………….. Class: …………………..
Signature: …………………………………………………….. Date……………………..
BIOLOGY
(QUESTION PAPER I )
FORM FOUR
TIME: 2 HOURS

KCSE TOP PREDICTION MASTER CYCLE 7

INSTRUCTIONS
1. All Questions are Compulsory
2. Write your Answers in the Spaces Provided
3. Wrong Spelling of Technical Terms shall be Penalized

Max Student’s Score

Score

80
1. The diagram shown below represents a nuscleus

a) State the role of the organelle labelled Q (1mk

………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name a Kingdom whose members lack structure labelled P (1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Which is the general term given to organisms whose cells have structure P?
……………………………………………………………………………………..…(1mk

2. a) Name the TWO components of a lipid molecule (1mk

………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State TWO disadvantages of using fats as respiratory substrates (2mks

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. a) Name the pigment that protects humans from the negative effect of Ultraviolet lights
……………………………………………………………………………………..….(1mk
b) Explain how sunlight contributes to stronger bones and teeth in human beings (2mks

4. Name the main target organ of the following hormones: (2mks

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a) Aldosterone ….. ……………………………………………………………………….
b) Insulin ………………………………………………………………………………….

5. a) What is asexual reproduction? (1mk

………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Give TWO disadvantages of sexual reproduction (2mks

6. The diagram shown below represents a seeding. Use it to answer questions that follow

a) Give a reason why the plant above is a member of Class Dicotyledonae (1mk

………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Explain why the biomass of part labelled A will be lower compared to the one found
in the seed stage of the same plant (2mks

7. a) State TWO ways in which blood clotting is important to a human being (2mks

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b) What are the roles of thrombokinase enzyme during blood clotting? (2mks

8. The diagram shown below represents a flower

a) Name the agent of pollination for the flower shown above (1mk

………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Give TWO reasons for your answer in a) above (2mks

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. State the differences between cones and rods in terms of the following (2mks
Feature Cone Rod
Visual acuity
Photochemical

10. Use the diagram of a nerve cell shown below to answer questions that follow

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a) With a reason, give the identity of the nerve cell (2mks
Identity …………………………………………………………………………………
Reason ………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Explain the significance of absence of part labelled H in nerve cells found in the brain.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..…(2mks

11. Give THREE features that make modern man to be more adaptable to the environment

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………..………………….….(3mks

12. The diagram below represents a living organism

a) State TWO economic importance of the above organism in the food industry (2mks

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b) Why does the rate of respiration reduce under the following conditions? (2mks
i) Low temperature
………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii) Metabolic poison
………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………..

13. State TWO reasons why Biotechnology is important in modern science (2mks
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. a) Fill in the table shown below to give differences between continuous and discontinuous
variation (2mks
Continuous Variation Discontinuous Variation

b) Explain how variation is important in the process of evolution? (3mks

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..……….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. a) Define the term species (1mk

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b) State TWO contributions of Carolus Linnaeus (1708 – 1778) to taxonomy (2mks

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. a) In an experiment, Peter counted 9 cells along the diameter of field of view of a light
microscope measuring 3.0mm. Determine the diameter of one cell in micrometers (3mks
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..………..
b) Why is electron microscope safer to the eye than light microscope during use? (1mk

17. The following diagram represents results of an experiment carried out on two sets of
germinating seeds.

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a) Account for the result shown in test tube X (2mks

b) What is the importance of dipping the boiled seeds in a disinfectant in test tube Y?

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………..….………(1mk

18. The diagram shown below represents a section of the vertebral column

S
T

a) Name the part labelled S (1mk

……………………………………………………………………………………..………..

b) State TWO ways in which part T is important to movement in human beings (2mks

……………………………………………………………………………………..………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. Describe how the following cells adapt the structures where they are found to their
functions
a) Companion cell (2mks

b) Schwann cell (2mks

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20. A mother had a still birth and the expelled foetus showed clear signs of anaemia and
jaundice
a) Give the name of this disorder (1mk

……………………………………………………………………………………..………..

b) Describe how the disorder arose (3mks

……………………………………………………………………………………..………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..………..

21. The following equation represents a section of the Nitrogen Cycle

Y
Ammonia Nitrite X

Process Z
a) Name: i) Bacterium labelled Y ……………………………………………….(1mk
ii) Compound X ……………………………………………………….(1mk
b) Explain how Process Z affect plant growth in an area? (2mks

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..………..

22. Samson had a road accident resulting in serious head injuries that left him with the
following conditions: Loss of balance, low body temperature; poor speech, unregulated
breathing and memory loss. Name the part of the brain affected that led to the following:
i) Low body temperature …………………………………………..…………….…,,..(1mk
ii) Memory loss ……………………………………………………..………….……..(1mk

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iii) Unregulated breathing ………………………………………….…………………(1mk

23. The graph shown below represents effect of substrate concentration on rate of enzymatic
reaction

a) Account for the rate of enzymatic reaction when the substrate concentration was
between 0.3 to 0.5%. (2mks

b) Name the substrates for the following enzymes

i) Carbonic anhydrase …………………….………………………………………(1mk
ii) Thrombin ……………………………………………………………………....(1mk

24. A tilapia fish has a full length of 300mm but measures 200mm from the mouth tip to its
anus. Determine the tail power of the fish (2mks
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..………..

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Name………………………………………………………………… Adm No………………………………..
School…………………………………………………………………. Class…………………………………….
Signature……………………………………………………………….. Date………………………………………

BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
FORM FOUR
TIME:2 HOURS

KCSE TOP PREDICTION MASTER CYCLE 8

INSTRUCTIONS
1. All Questions are Compulsory
2. Write your Answers in the Spaces Provided
3. Wrong Spelling of Technical Terms shall be Penalized

Max Student’s
Score Score

80
1. State TWO ways in which the study of Biology has helped the world in the accelerated
fight against the recent Covid-19 pandemic. (2mks
………………………………………………………………………………...……………
…………………………………………………………………………...…………………
………………………………………………………………………………...……………

2. a) Give ONE function of centrioles (1mk

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name a Kingdom in which all members lack centrioles in their cells (1mk
………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. a) Name the skin pigment formed by cells in the mammalian skin

……………………………………………………………………………………...…(1mk
b) Which genetic disorder is associated with the absence of the pigment named in 2a)?
…………………………………………………………………………………...……(1mk
c) How does the skin pigment help protect human beings against skin cancer?
………………………………………………………………………………...………(1mk

4. Explain the following observations

a) More water hyacinth plants are found growing along the shore of Lake Victoria than in
the deep waters
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...………(1mk
b) Green plants grow faster in lower altitudes areas than in higher altitude areas
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...……...(2mks

5. State TWO functions of a cover slip in light microscope work

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6. Use the diagram of the heart shown below to answer the questions that follow

a) From the diagram, give a reason to show that X is the left ventricle
………………………………………………………………………………...………(1mk
b) Name a class of organisms where all members have the heart structure above
…..……………………………………………………………………………….....…(1mk
c) Why are the muscles found in the heart above said to be myogenic?
………………………………………………………………………………...………(1mk

7. Account for the following

a) Red blood cells lack mitochondria
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………….………………………………...……...(1mk
b) The testes are found hanging outside the body in male human beings
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………….………………………………...……...(1mk

8. a) Why is pancreas said to be a dual gland?

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………….………………………………...……...(1mk
b) Name the endocrine tissue in the pancreas
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………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………….………………………………...……...(1mk

9. A student made a set up shown below to study a physiological process

A B

a) In which beaker did the dialysis tubing reduce in size?

………………………………………………………………………………...………(1mk
b) Account for your answer in a) above
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...……...(2mks

10. The diagram below shows a graph of body temperature of two different organisms against
changing environmental temperature

a) State the name used to refer to animal A in terms of thermoregulation

………………………………………………………………………………...………(1mk
b) State TWO advantages animal B has over animal A

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………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...……...(2mks
11. The diagram shown below is of a flower

a) Name the agent of pollination for this flower

………………………………………………………………………………...………(1mk
b) Give TWO adaptive features from the diagram to support your answer in a) above
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...……...(2mks

12. The process of gamete formation is represented below

XX XX

XX X X

P Q

a) State a reason why the process above represents gamete formation in female mammals
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………...…...…….....(1mk

b) Name the chromosomal mutation represented above

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………………………………………………………………………………...………(1mk
c) Identify the genetic disorder that arise when the following gametes are fertilized
i) P ………………………………………………………………………….(1mk
ii) Q ………………………………………………………………………….(1mk
13. A sample of air was passed through pyrogallic acid and its volume reduced from 8 cm3 to
7 cm3. When it was later passed through lime water, the volume reduced to 6.8cm3.
a) What was the role of pyrogallic acid in this experiment?
………………………………………………………………………………...………(1mk
b) Determine the percentage of Carbon (IV) oxide in the sample of air
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...……...(2mks
c) Is this sample of air exhaled air or inhaled air?
………………………………………………………………………………...………(1mk

14. The stage-wise process of germination of a seed is shown below

Y
X

a) Give a reason why the diagram above represents hypogeal germination

………………………………………………………………………………...………(1mk

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b) Account for the change in dry weight of the cotyledon at stage X and Y

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...……............
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...……...(2mks

15. Barbra observed animal cells in a field of view of a light microscope as shown below. If
she used a total magnification of X1000 determine the actual diameter of one cell

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...……...........
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...……...(3mks

16. Explain the importance of the following features

a) Acrosome in the spermatozoa
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...….…..(2mks

b) Hair-like structures in the fallopian tube

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...….…...(1mk

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17. a) What are vestigial structures?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...….…...(1mk
b) Explain why divergent evolution is advantageous to living organisms?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...….…..(2mks
18. The various stages of mitosis are represented below

a) Identify the stages represented by the letters:

i) D ……………………………………………...………………………………..(1mk
ii) E …………………...…………………………………………………………..(1mk
b) What shows that the process represented above is taking place in a plant cell?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………….……..…..(1mk

19. The diagram shown below represents the various nerve cells

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R

a) Use arrows to show direction of impulse in a reflex arc in the diagram above (1mk

b) Outline expected TWO structural differences between nerve cell R and X

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...……...(2mks

20. State the function of the following muscles in the body

i) Cardiac sphincter muscles

ii) Erector pili muscles

21. The diagrams below are of seedlings before and after an experiment.

END

START

a) Under which light condition was the experiment carried out

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…………………………………………………………………………….……..…....(1mk
b) Which term describes the appearance of the seedlings at the end of the experiment
…………………………………………………………………………….……....…..(1mk
c) What is the importance of the above experiment in crop production?

…………………………………..………………………………………….……..…..(1mk

22. State the function of the following cells in the body of organisms
a) Palisade
…………………………………..………………………………………….……..…..(1mk
b) Schwann
…………………………………..………………………………………….……..…..(1mk
c) Sertoli
…………………………………..………………………………………….……..…..(1mk

23. a) Mary suspects that she has diabetes mellitus. Using a sample of her urine describe a
school laboratory procedure she can follow to confirm it is true
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...……...(3mks
b) Why is insulin not administered orally?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...….…...(1mk

24. The following is an illustration of a bone M

a) Give the name of the bone

………………………………………………………………………………...….…...(1mk

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b) State an advantage of the joint formed at the part labelled M
………………………………………………………………………………...….…...(1mk
c) State the function of the part labelled N
………………………………………………………………………………...….…...(1mk

25. a) Distinguish between population and community as used in ecological studies

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...……...(2mks
b) State the formula for population estimation using capture recapture method
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………....……...(1mk

26. The diagram below shows the structure of germinating pollen grain

a) Name the type of cell division that formed the parts labelled A
………………………………………………………………………………...….…...(1mk
b) State the role of part labelled B
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………....……...(1mk

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27. The picture of a common animal is represented below

a) Name the class to which the organism shown above belongs

………………………………………………………………………………...….…...(1mk
b) Give TWO reasons for your answer in a) above
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………....……..(2mks

28. The following experimental set up was placed in sunshine to investigate a biological
process

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a) Account for the expected result in the level of water in the beaker labelled B
………………………………………………………………………………...….…..........
………………………………………………………………………………...….…..........
………………………………………………………………………………...….…..(2mks
b) Why were the set up C and D included in the experiment?
………………………………………………………………………………...….…...(1mk

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231/1
BIOLOGY
Time: 2 hours
KCSE 2023 PREDICTION MASTER CYCLE 9
Name …………………………………………….……… Index Number…………………………..

Signature ………………….…...……….. Date …………………………………………………..

Instructions To Candidates

1. Write your name and class in the spaces provided above.

2. Append your signature and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
3. Spelling errors especially of biological terms shall be penalized
4. Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
5. Candidates should answer the questions in English
6. This paper consists of 9 printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages
are printed as indicated and no questions are missing

For Examiner’s Use Only

Question Maximum score Candidate’s score

1 – 30 80

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SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this Section in the spaces provided
1. (a) Define the term mutation. (1 mark)
................................................................................................................................................

(b) Give a reason why mutations that occur in gametes are significant.
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c ) How does translocation occur during chromosome mutation?
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Give three ways in which atmospheric nitrogen is fixed into nitrates. (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………
3. What is the effect of relaxation of diaphragm muscles during breathing in mammals?
(3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………
4. Explain why the rate of transpiration is high when there is an increase in light intensity. (4 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………..………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………...………………………………………

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5. The graph below shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

X Y

Rate of photosynthesis

Light intensity
(a) Account for the rate of photosynthesis between X and Y. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………...………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Suggest a change that can be made to the set up to extend the rate of photosynthesis beyond point
X. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. How do the following antibodies defend the body against disease?

(a) Agglutinins (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Lysins (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. A person hammered a nail two meters from the ground surface in the stem of a ten metres tall tree. Two
years later, the tree had growth taller and thicker. Explain where you would expect to find the nail.
(2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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8. The diagram shows a section through a human eye.

State what happens to P and Q When focusing on a close object at night (2 marks )
P
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Q
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. With reference to oxygen and carbon (iv) oxide concentration, state the difference between inhaled and
exhaled air. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Distinguish between Osmotic Pressure and Osmotic Potential. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. Identify three events that occur during interphase as a prerequisite for cell division . (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………..………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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12. The table below shows blood components and how they become modified in the process of urine
formation.
Blood plasma Glomerular filtrate Urine
Component
g/100cm3 g/100cm3 g/100cm3
Glucose 0.15 0.15 0.00
Proteins 7.89 0.00 0.00
Mineral salts 0.68 0.68 0.50
Urea 0.10 0.10 1.50

State one possible reason for each of the following observation.

(i) No protein in the glomerular filtrate. (1 mark)
......................................................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) No glucose in urine. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(iii) Increased level of urea in urine. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………..………………………………………………………………………………………………

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13. Fig. 5.1 shows the marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus

(a) Marine iguanas are reptiles. State two features that are used to classify animals as reptiles.
(2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………..………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) State two structures that are present in plant cells that are not present in the cells of reptiles.
(2 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………..………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

14. (a) State the name given to the study of fossils (1 mark)

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(b) Give two reasons why the study of fossils is significant. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. (i) Identify the mode of feeding of the animal whose dental formula is shown
below (1mark)

I O C O PM 3 M 3
3 O 3 3

(ii) Give reasons for your answer in 7(i) above (2marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

16. Explain why there are no blood clots in normal blood vessels? (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
17. What do you understand by the term parthenocarpy? (1 mark)

18. What role does the Eustachian tube play in the mammalian ear? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. Name two substances in plants that are deposited in collenchyma cells that make them effective to
provide mechanical support. (2 marks)

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20. The diagram below shows surface view of a human brain.

(a) Name the parts labeled Q and R. (2 marks)

Q
………………………………………………………………….
R
………………………………………………………………..

(b) State the function of the parts labeled R. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………...................................................................................................................................

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21. The figure below shows a diagram of part of the male reproductive system.

(a) State the letter on Fig. 5.1 that identifies: (1 ½ marks)

i. Where sperm are made .....................

ii. The part that carries urine and sperm out of the body .....................

iii. Where the fluid that is added to the sperm is made .....................

(b) Sperm must pass through different structures in the female reproductive system to reach an egg
cell. State the names of three of these structures. (1 ½ marks)
i. ...............................................................................................................................
ii. ...............................................................................................................................
iii. ................................................................................................................................

(c) State two ways that sperm are adapted for their function.
i. .................................................................................................................................
ii. ..................................................................................................................................

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22. The figure below is a fine structure of a generalized animal cell seen through an electron microscope.

(a) Name the parts labeled A and B. (2 marks)

A ……………………………………………………………………….
B ………………………………………………………………………
(b) How is the structure labeled B adapted to its function. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

23. State two ways in which skeletal muscle fibres are adapted to their functions. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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24. State one similarity and one difference between parasitic and predatory modes of feeding.
(2 marks)

Similarity
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Difference
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

25. (a) A student was viewing a slide preparation of an onion cell under high power of a microscope.
The features of the cell were blurred (not clear). Which part of the microscope should be used to obtain
a sharper outline of feature? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

26. What are the advantages of Closed Circulatory system over Open Circulatory System.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. Name four organic bases that are present in a RNA molecule. (1 mark)

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28. The wing of a bat and that of an insect are analogous structures. What kind of evolution is this?
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
29. Explain how sunken stomata lower rate of transpiration. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………….……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….
30. As far as the causes are concerned, state the differences between Discontinuous and Continuous
Variations. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………….……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

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NAME….……………………………………….ADM NO………..DATE……………SIGN…..

231/1
BIOLOGY
PAPER 1
FORM FOUR
TIME: 2 HRS

KCSE TOP PREDICTION MASTER CYCLE

10
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided.

2. Sign and write date of examination in the spaces provided above.
3. Read all questions and answer in the spaces provided.
4. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages
are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.
5. No blank spaces should be left during examination as they do not score.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

GRAND TOTAL

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1. (a) State the function of a mirror in a light microscope. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Give one reason why the coarse adjustment knob should not be used to lower the high
power objective. (1 mark)

2. The set below illustrates a certain physiological process:

(a) (i) Name the physiological process (1 mark)

(ii) Give two examples of the process names in (a) (i) above in plants. (2 marks)

(b) State two ways by which the movement of dye molecules in the set up would be going
down. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

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3. The table below shows the percentage concentration of certain substances in blood plasma
glomerular filtrate and urine in a human being at a particular time.

Percentage concentration
Substance Blood plasma Glomerular filtrate Urine
Glucose 0.023 0.02 0.0
Water 92.70 92.70 96.08
Protein 5.69 0.0 0.0
Urea 0.087 0.098 2.6

(a) Explain the likely impact on the composition of urine in case of the following:
(i) Vigorous physical exercises (2 marks)

(ii) A meal rich in proteins (2 marks)

(b) Name the processes responsible for:

(i) Presence of glucose in glomerular filtrate (1 mark)

(ii) Absence of glucose in urine (1 mark)

4. State three factors that affect the rate of diffusion. (3 marks)

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. How does nutrition as a characteristic of living organisms differ in plants and animals? (2 marks)

6. The diagram below represents a certain organism collected by a student at the sea shore.

(a) Name the class to which the organism belongs. (1 mark)

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(b) Give three reasons for your answer in (a) above. (3 marks)

7. The figure below is a fine structure of a generalized animal cell as seen under an electron microscope.

(a) Name the parts labeled A and B. (2 marks)

A ………………………………………………………………………

B ………………………………………………………………………

(b) How is the structure labeled B adapted to its function? (2 marks)

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8. In an investigation, a student extracted three pieces of pawpaw cylinders using a cork borer. The
cylinders were cut back to 50mm length and placed in a beaker containing a solution. The results after
40 minutes were as shown in the table below.

Feature Result
Average length of cylinders (mm) 56 mm
Stiffness of cylinders Stiff

(a) Account for the results in the table above. (3 marks)

(b) What would be a suitable control set-up for the investigation? (1 marks)

9. The table below shows results of a study of three plants C, D and E growing in different habitats.

Feature Plant C Plant D Plant E

Number of stomata on upper surface of 4 20 6
leaf per square area
Number of stomata on lower surface of 6 0 8
leaf per square area
Thickness of leaf cuticle (mm) 0.4 0.1 0.2

Surface area of roots (cm3) 2000 1000 1200

(a)Which one of the plant C, D and E grows in an area of relatively low water availability?(1 mk)

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(b) Explain your answer in (i) above. (2 marks)

10. The diagram below shows part of the mammalian system

(a) Name the parts labeled F and G. (2 marks)

F ……………………………………………………………………………

G ……………………………………………………………………………

(b) State one function of each of the parts labeled H and J (2 marks)

H …………………………………………………………………………

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J ………………………………………………………………………….

11. The diagram below shows a reproductive structure of a plant.

a) i. Identify the reproductive structure. (1mk)

ii. In which part of the reproductive system is the structure produced? (1mk)

b) Name division of the plant that produces the reproductive structure above. (1mk)

c) Name structures E and F (2mks)

E…………………………..
F……………………………
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12.a) What is pollination? (1mk)

b) Cross pollination leads to cross fertilization which results to hybrid vigour. State three mechanisms
that encourages cross pollination instead of self pollination. (3mks)

13. Define the terms; (2mks)

i. Ovulation

ii. Implantation

14. Explain why

a) A pregnant woman needs to be on a diet rich in proteins and mineral salts such as calcium. (2mks)

b) A drop in progesterone levels during pregnancy my cause miscarriage. (2mks)

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15. Outline two precautions taken when collecting and observing specimens. (2mks)

16. Below is a diagram representing one of the apparatus used in biological studies?

i) Identify the apparatus. (1mk)

ii) Name two animals which require the use of the apparatus during their collection.
(2mks)

17. a) What are the benefits of scientific skills acquired in studying Biology? (2mks)

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b) Outline two ways in which an aircraft can be compared to a bird apart from flying. (2mks)

18. Name two structures used for gaseous exchange in plants. (2mks)

19. What is meant by each of the following?

i) Pyramid of biomass? (1mk)

ii) Pyramid numbers?(1mk)

20. (a) Name the organism that;

i. Causes malaria (1mk)

ii. Transmits malaria (1mk)

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b) State two control measures for malaria (2mks)

21. a) What is meant by the term binomial nomenclature (1mk)

b) State two guidelines that should be followed when typing scientific name. (2mks)

22. An individual is of blood group B positive.

a) Name the antigens in the individual’s blood. (2mk)

Compiled and Distributed by Kenya Educators Consultancy, P.O.BOX 15400-00500, Nairobi.

Tel 0724333200 E-mail [email protected]. ORDER MARKING SCHEMES AT
www.kenyaeducators.co.ke or Contact 0724333200/0768321553/0795491185
b) Give the reasons why the individual cannot receive from a blood group A donor. (2mks)

23. Colour blindness is a sex linked trait controlled by a recessive b. If a mother is a carrier and the
father is normal, what is the chance that their son will be colour blind? Show your working. (3mks)

24. State two advantages of using a coverslips when preparing a specimen for observation under a light
microscope. (2mks)

Compiled and Distributed by Kenya Educators Consultancy, P.O.BOX 15400-00500, Nairobi.

Tel 0724333200 E-mail [email protected]. ORDER MARKING SCHEMES AT
www.kenyaeducators.co.ke or Contact 0724333200/0768321553/0795491185

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