DIFFERENTIATION

lo)=0
x)= nx1

dlogex)=
dlee
a)= aloge a
dx
INTEGRAL
0 dx =c

ADEMY
DEMY
x"dx = 11+1 +C

Sdx loEelx| + c
Sex dx =ex +c

a dx logea
a

(sin x)= coS * cosx dx =sinx +C

dx
a

dCOSx) =-sin x sinx dx =-cos

(tan
dx x)= sec x S sec2x dx anx+

d
dcotx) =-
coseczx f coseix d cotC
dsecx)=
dx secxtanx sec tàudx= secx +c
a
dcosec x) = COsecx cotx Cosec x totx dX =-cosec x +C

log sin x) =
cotx c o f x dx = log|sin xl +c= - log|cosecx| +C
T H

log cosx) = -

tan x tan x dx =loglsecx|+c=- loglcosx| +c

dlog(secx + tan x)E Feg S secx dx loglsecx + tan x|
=
+ c=
log tan (+ +C
dlog(cosecx- ¢otx))cosécx S cosecx dx =loglcosec x - cot x| + c =log tan +c

sinx) d x = sin"l x +c

cos )= 1
dx -cos1x +c
dztan 1
Sdx= tanlx +c

cotx) =4 dx=-cot-1x +c
(secx)=
dx
1
dx =
sec-lx +c

cosec2)= dx = -cosecx +c

lla)= sH dk =
|xl +c
 J(ax +b)"dx 1 (ax+b)n+1

F dx=tan

Tedx=log |x + Vx +a?+c

Va-d =/e- r sin

a 71+1

S sin(ax + b) dx = -cos(ax + b) +c

c
SOMEIMPORTANT INTEGRALS

2 a
CADEM4Y
eaxD dx =eax+b + c

STdx log(ax +b)+c

Sdx2loga
Tdk=log a+-a
a d x sin-1+c

SV-a dx =~-a -log x+ -a"+c

S 4 dx= +a + log|x +V+a+c 2

eax
Je sin bx dx = asin bx -

b
cos bx+C e
eaX
cosbx dx = n l a cos bx + b sin bx|] +c

SeXf) + f'()] dx =e"f(x) +c .vdx =uf v dx- S v dx} dx

u.v)=u

MAB
iv
.du
da dx

SOMEBASIC FORMULAE
Properties of log
loge e = 1 el0Be = xA
log(MN)= logM + log N log= log M - log N
log M = N log M
bgT =0 e =1 loge 0 =-oo e - =0
loge o 0 e =0o
oge M NM = eN

Series:
1+2+3t. n(n+1)
2 12422+334. + n 2 = "u+1)(2n+1)
6

13+23+3 .********. ** ***°°°°.

A.P a+ (n-1)d S-[2a +(n-1)d)=<la +) A.M. + b

2

P. an a r n - 1
S -1)
(r-1) G.M.= Vab

axa =antn a a =am-n ( a ) = amn

ax b= (ab)"
nl = n(n-1}! n!

RKMATHS ACAna
P(n,(n-r)! C(n,r) n
r!(n-r)!
 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF TWO ANGLES
sin(A+B) = sinAcosB + cosAsinB
2. sin(A-B) = sinAcosB - cosAsinB
3. cos(A+8) = coSAcosB - sinAsinB
4. cos(A-B) = cOSAcosB + SinAsinB
S. tan(A+8) =anA+ tanb tan(A-B) = n A - t a n B
1-tanAtanß 6.
14 tanAtanB
1 cot(A+B) = CotAcotB-1 8. cot(A-B) = coACotB+1
cotB+ cotA
cotB-cotA
MY
9. tan+A)= tanA COSA+ SInA
1-tanA cosA-sinA
11.
-tanA cosA-sinA tanA) 14tanA CosA+sinA
10. =

sin(A+B)sin(A-B) sin?A - sin?B cos B cos A

=
= -

12. cos(A+B]cos(A-B) = cos'A sin'B =cos?B,sin?A

13. sin(A+B+C) =sinAcosBcosC+ cosAsinBcosC + cosAcosBsinC-
sinAsinBsinC
14. cos(A+B+C) =cosAcos BcosC - cosAsin BsinC sinAcos BsinC sinAsinBcosC
- -

15. tan(A+B+C) =A+tan+ tanC - tanAtanBtanC

1-tanAtanB-tanBtanC--tanctanA

FORMULAE TO TRANSFORM THE PRODUCTINTOo SUM OR DIEFERENCE AB-FORMULAE)

1. 2sinAcosB =sin(A+B) + sin(A-B) 2. 2coSAsinB sin(A+B)-sin(A-B)
3 2cosAcosB = cos(A+B) + cos(A-B) 4. 2sinAsin B =gos(A-B) cosA+B
-

FORMULAETO TRANSFORM IHE SUM ORDIFFERENCE INTOPRODUCT(CD-FORMULAE)

1. sinC+ sinD =2sin(%
3. cosC+ cosD =2cos(
2sinCsinD= 2cossin(
cosc-cosD 2sinsin(
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS.OFANGLE 2A IN TERMS OF ANGLE A
1. sin2A =
2sinAcosA =
2tanA 2. cos2A =cos?A - sin?A 2cos?A 1 1 - 2sin?A =
tan'A 1+tan'A
3. tan2A= 2tanA 4. Cot2A = COtA-1
1-tan'A 2cotA

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIÓS OF ANGLE 3A IN TERMS OF ANGLE A

1. Sin3A =
3sinA -

4sin A 2. cos3A = 4cos'A - 3cosA

3. tan3A 3tanA-tan'A
=
4.
cot3A =cotA-3cotA
1-3tan'A
3cot A-1

TRIGONOMETRICAL RATIOS OFSOMEIMPORTANT ANGLES

1. sin18' = * 5-14 4
2. Cos18' =
10+25 sin72
3. cos36' V5+sina4 4. Sin36° = V10-25 = Cos54*

GENERAL sOLUTIONS OF TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS INSTANDARD FORMS

Trigonometic equatión General solution

sin6 = 0f n , nEZ
cOse 6=(2n+1), n¬Z
tane=0 6 nn, n¬Z
sine = sina 6 = nn +(-1)'a, nEz
5. cose=cosa 2nTt a, n¬Z
6. tan = tana e = nit + a, n¬Z

sin 0 = sin'a )
7. cos 0 = cos a 8 nt t a, n¬Z
tan 0 = tan'a)
 INVERSETRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
he nveTse of a funetwon f:A >B existsilfis one-oneonto i.e, a bijection and is given by (x)=y / ' ) - *.
nsider the sine
i t
function wjtl1 doniain R and range [-1, 1l. Clearly this funetion is not a bijection and so it is not invertible.
Such a way that it becomes one-one, then it would become invertible. If we consider sine as a
if we estu
function with d o a i t

and co-donmain 1-1. i),. then it is a bijection and therefore, invertible., The inverse of sine fiunction is defined as
2
sin x= 0o sin 0 where - and x-[-1,1).
Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
(1) Meaning of inverse function
i) sin sin r-: ) (iii) tan0 t a n r -0
(ii) cos *
cOSX =6
iv) cot =x cotx =0 (v) sec 0 =x (vi) cosec 0 = x - cosecx = 0
(2) Domain and range of inverse
sec x =0
functions

Functioon Domain (D) Range (R/Principal Valuc Branch(PVE)

Sin X -Isxsl or [-1,1)
s0s or-
COS -Isr<I or [-1, J 0 0 T Or [0,7}
tan N -<X < l.e., x eR or (-o, co)
<0 or
cotr -0X < 1.e., x ER or (-o, o) 0 <0< Or (0,7)

sec S-1,x21 or (-0,-1]u[l, co) 0

2
00sT or |0,
x-1, x 2l or (-o,-1]U[l,o)
COsec
0,- s0s5 or0u

(3) sin (sin)) =

0. Provided that s0s cos (cos 0) = 0, Provided that 0 6<T

tan (tan ) = 0, Provided that cot (cot 0) = 0, Provided that 0 <0 <T
2

see (sec )=0, Providedthat 0 s 0< 2 or<0

2
s7

cosec (cosec ) =
0. Providedthat s0<0 or 0 <0s
2
Si, cos(cos x) = x, Provided that - 1 <x s1
(4) sin(sin x) = x. Providedthat i Sx

cot(cot x) = x, Provided that - o<x <o

(tanx) Provided that o < X < 0
-

tan =
X,

sec(secx) = x. Provided that -oo < x ` -l or 1 <x < o

cosec (cosec x) =X, Provided that -co<I S -l or 1< x < o

-sin"" cos(-x) = T - cos'x, tan(-x) = - tanx

(5) sin(-r) = x

cot(-x) = T - cotx sec-x) = 7 - secx cosec(-x) = -cosecx

sinx+cosr = for all x e [-1,.1] tan r +cot" x = *, for all x eR

(6)

secr+ cosec "x = forall x e (-0,- 1]u[l,o)

(7) Conversion property : Let, sinx= y r Sin cOsee y= y =cosec

tan COt Sec = COsec

cos x sin i - x =
tan -Sec Sec =COseC cot

tanx =sin COS = cot = sec i +x = cosec

Not: O sin =
coseex,for all x e (-o,1]U[l,o)
1

Ocos =
seex, for all x e (-o, i]u[l,o)

cotx for > 0

atan
- T cot for r <0
Formulae for Sum and Difference of Inverse Trigonometric Function

. tan x+tan y = tan If x > 0. y >0 and xy < 1

- xy
- *2 ryz
tan y = tan f x>-1 X+tany +tan-z tan
=
2 tan X tan
3
I+Xy
+1
cot-XY
1
4 cot x+ Cot y =cot-l 5. cot x -cot y =

y - x

y+X
6. sin x+sin"y=sin ' {x1 -y +yvl-x*}; lf -1sx,y Sl and x3 +y' sl orif xy <0 and x +y' >1
7. sin'x-sin'y =sin' {xy1 -y -yyi x*), If -1 s x;ys l andx* +y' slifor ay >0 and x +y' >1
-

8 cos x + c o s y = cos {xy -v1 -x* VI -y*},If - 1 Sx,y s i and x +y 2 0 .

9. cos x - cos y = cos {xy + V1 - x*VI-y},If -i sx,y sl, and x Sy.

Inverse Trigonometric Ratios of Multiple Angles

2 3 sin x =sin"(3x -4x*), Ifsxs
1.
2sinx =sin (2xv1 -x*), If -Sx
N2
If 0 < r l 4. 3 cos x = cos"(4x* - 3x), Ifsx S1
2 cosx =cos"(2xi 1),
-

5 2 t a n r = tan
.f-1<xsl 6. 2tan x=sin-2 If -1 Sx

7. 2 tanx =cos-! If 0 x<o 8. 3 tanx =tani 3x -x*

1-3x2 V3
10. t a n S a ' x - x 3

9. tan Sin
aa -323tan
Va- a a

11. an
tan-+x+V1-x
cos 12. an cosx
VI +x -

V1-x 4