Data Communication and Network

(EL-317)
LABORATORY MANUAL
Fall 2015

(LAB# 09)
Dynamic Routing Protocols (RIP v1 & v2)
Engr. Aamir Ullah Khan

Student Name: ___________________________

Roll No: _____________ Section: ___________

Date performed: _____________________, 2015

Manual Submission Date: ______________, 2015

_______________________________
LAB ENGINEER SIGNATURE & DATE

MARKS AWARDED: /10

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER AND EMERGING SCIENCES, ISLAMABAD

Prepared by: Engr. Aamir Ullah Khan Version: 2.0

Verified by: Mr. Shahid Qureshi
LAB: 09 Dynamic Routing Protocols (RIP v1 & v2)

Objective
To understand what is RIP protocol and its associated parameters. Deploying a computer
Network fully functional on RIP
Equipment Required
A working computer having Cisco packet tracer installed.
Introduction
The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is one of the oldest distance-vector routing
protocols, which employs the hop count as a routing metric. RIP prevents routing loops by
implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in a path from the source to a
destination. The maximum number of hops allowed for RIP is 15. This hop limit, however,
also limits the size of networks that RIP can support. A hop count of 16 is considered an
infinite distance, in other words the route is considered unreachable. RIP implements the split
horizon, route poisoning and hold down mechanisms to prevent incorrect routing information
from being propagated.
Originally, each RIP router transmitted full updates every 30 seconds. In the early
deployments, routing tables were small enough that the traffic was not significant. As
networks grew in size, however, it became evident there could be a massive traffic burst
every 30 seconds, even if the routers had been initialized at random times. It was thought, as
a result of random initialization, the routing updates would spread out in time, but this was
not true in practice. Sally Floyd and Van Jacobson showed in 1994 that, without slight
randomization of the update timer, the timers synchronized over time. In most current
networking environments, RIP is not the preferred choice for routing as its time to converge
and scalability are poor compared to EIGRP, OSPF, or IS-IS (the latter two being link-state
routing protocols), and a hop limit severely limits the size of network it can be used in.
However, it is easy to configure, because RIP does not require any parameters on a router
unlike other protocols.
RIP uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as its transport protocol, and is assigned the
reserved port number 520.
Timers in RIP:
The routing information protocol uses the following timers as part of its operation:-
Update Timer
Invalid Timer
Flush Timer
Hold down Timer

Update Timer
The update timer controls the interval between two gratuitous Response Message. By default
the value is 30 seconds. The response message is broadcast to all its RIP enabled interface.
Invalid Timer
The invalid timer specifies how long a routing entry can be in the routing table without being
updated. This is also called as expiration Timer. By default, the value is 180 seconds. After
the timer expires the hop count of the routing entry will be set to 16, marking the destination
as unreachable.

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Flush Timer
The flush timer controls the time between the route is invalidated or marked as unreachable
and removal of entry from the routing table. By default the value is 240 seconds. This is 60
seconds longer than Invalid timer. So for 60 seconds the router will be advertising about this
unreachable route to all its neighbours. This timer must be set to a higher value than the
invalid timer.
Hold-down Timer
The hold-down timer is started per route entry, when the hop count is changing from lower
value to higher value. This allows the route to get stabilized. During this time no update can
be done to that routing entry. This is not part of the RFC 1058. This is Cisco's
implementation. The default value of this timer is 180 seconds.
Limitations of RIP:
The hop count cannot exceed 15, otherwise it will be considered invalid.
Most RIP networks are flat. There is no concept of areas or boundaries in RIP networks.
Variable Length Subnet Masks are not supported by RIP version 1.
RIP has slow convergence and count to infinity problem.
EXAMPLE 1:
In this example we will configure dynamic routing protocol RIP (v1 & v2) and ensure
connectivity.

Router 0 : Network ID 192.168.1.0

Fast Ethernet 0/0 192.168.1.1
Serial Interface 0/1/0 192.168.5.2
Fast Ethernet 0/1 192.168.2.1
Router 1: Network ID 192.168.2.0
Serial Interface 0/1/0 192.168.5.1
Fast Ethernet 0/0 192.168.3.1
Fast Ethernet 0/1 192.168.4.1

192.168.1.2
PC 0
GW: 192.168.1.1
192.168.2.2
PC1
GW: 192.168.2.1
192.168.3.2
PC 2
GW: 192.168.3.1
192.168.4.2
PC3
GW: 192.168.4.1

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Router Configurations:
Router 0:
Router>en
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface serial 0/1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router 1:
Router>en
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

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Router(config)#interface serial 0/1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

Confirmation: After successful configuration of routers, we configure RIP on both routers

to interconnect different networks.
Router 0:
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#version 1
Note: For version 2 we use version 2
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.5.0
Router 1:
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#version 1
Note: For version 2 we use version 2
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.5.0

Confirmation After successfully creating the topology, you can check the connectivity of
the network by selecting a packet from the right window and sending it from PC to another as
shown below:

Finally, you can see that the packet transmission is successful as shown by the message
window:

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LAB EXERCISE:
Exercise 01:

Exercise 02:
Design the following network using Packet Tracer. Configure RIP Protocol (Version 2) and
ensure the connectivity of the system.

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Exercise 03:
Design the following network using Packet Tracer. Configure RIP Protocol (Version 2) and
ensure the connectivity of the system.

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