Potential Flow For a wy fle wniels Viscous forens are neg higgble, Irvotaionaliy may be 4 yaliol assumption: Tre Polesbial Jumckion. 4 used for afin he Velouly Field In an irrotalional fi Dus et he Wreatond dem heferreel To poveriked [lee theory Atirough alt peak fuirels posses yiscosnby, bid thie plier Of Jnviserl Bits canary situations In wrich the assum Ai comes clarably shmoplifes tre anealyics, onol yal provid flow theory ¥ of Useful Mavlts. Laplace's Equation: Mays consevahen e9, dor an nce pres be flee Can be written 2. gveo . For an lerotationsl floo we 2" define 2 velocaty potential funekon Suet thet a: og 1, For, am tn comp verse ble (99$)=° gies my | oe prrotali onol flo Note: — fpulions for Aaplace's e% are called harenonic fr Ps: See Aaplaces ey m cyl: 4 sph. coorolinaluWe ale know, for incompressible flow ys OL 4 ve ov 3 on “For jrvotationel -flow - Ov du = oe oye da /-avy)-2 oY ) =o 5 ( S) 2() or Ob PY 20 — Agam Lople : Se yt gn eee Note: 1. Amy Solu of Laplace’ ex: or stream function (hich is 2b). gor an iyrotalional, incom press ble flor - Kaplan's eq. IS second: oro Urwar PDE. Sum dary paticulen golutions oa Unean DE woke pepresenls a velocly polentaal 2. 3. the solu. Pthe ca: Th 4 rb Dy ane mm separate solu 5, Laplaw ev then b2 d,+g 4-0 4G, Balbo ayelu . We com sey that sinw ivrotetional, neem presen bic fled % goons by Aaplace's 2a, A compl catee! Alo patie Togetnn for an yoloak flo Gan be represent by deleting Q nurmbw oy elementary flown dolu. the arc alto sokal.Comer ota cleat flow Orr Oli (ferent shapes dike asphne, Om geveforl ete. Gach flor ws oli herent. But they AIL aire, qower meet by v=o. Hori ale we obo Tamni sthae oliff event flows, by usry dafgerer Bc. ow, Let us corvreler oli herent chemnunlan flor « Un form z4low. Congioln a emiform i a ; Cuvee. C Nelo Veo orientiol mi tve wel, bro am bs uri form iow A 4 physteally +t | Postble imeomprussi ble (Feo) I andl irrotalional (Fx =0) Fon Anfer fost A velo. pelem-tél for unifprm ‘flow cam be clbtetned Such thet G2 V. 1. Ob-uz Veo — C1. 2- 2. “=O oy Jrtegratiy above 2xy‘uint % weheve: Gr Vow t£) 73 whae fey) Ka fn dyy onty. Site quel ey-(2) wert Y- Bs com + 90>) rW) gee) Comperiy (3) 4 (4) ge Veg t-emti — (S) Pre vally intersTeal rh yelouty, 4 Ve= VF A cms Were, .', me emery B= Var — (5) Since, we ave 4 clenivetiveFoy the Uniforrn flowrcones olneel before - Ov teva (7) oy aw:-“v=O — (8) ow Vaitegrating eg(D wert yf ey (8) wrt x, onc! compar'y we have ye voy - (a) Crreuledion: eS “f Veds r= ~Veo- fds 2 Veo*O=0 Aine inlegead 3, di around a closed! urve Bf Aro, I = - (Ox) ds YVxvsco “4 20: alemtically Zev. Foy irrobational flow . Souree flow a ee if 7 Ree 1 fo’ it 0) Source, ‘low Simke flor : : Con ole a 21, incompressible Alow whine all streamlines ae steigtt Linu emnantiong fren @ comtral point, 0 : he veloc. a wee each sircambine Vany Imveselip wait chis Gnu om O.lalhy pgolil velo citip be Vi, d targortiS Velo be NV whe VErO. :From Incompressa Gs likp 7.V = Vi) + 2 OMe = WAVER L (2am) 13k a0 => D(a) -6 On Oo, MWe © Lj afte imbegaaly « G70 5 houree low CXo Note: i Sinle Hows « The alee Bow relate ttre Volwrne dow fromthe source pe Yolurne los nate frown «Hn Source Te 2» flow shown before che seme rhany plone teen. Comola the may flows Qcrogdhe surface Of te extinct 5 reclius ¥ anal heey kt L The elemeritel amas fies Acrors fe, Sus Clement ds ve Vick = Vy (rol6)(4), Simee Vr id same act any 8 for fintet v. The bal onass flow aevorethe surface Oh the cy Lemotr a mms (je Vr (vedo) L = Sm (7% dg= 2Ard (vr ov mM W mn RAY s or a= RIK: = 2hrVr_—- 2AY Com Party witty Ve = g cs A/ox Nole. A. Aehines “fhe sowree lenglh 5 ib A phy sctealley the nate y Volume flow f7om sthe Source , per —. clepth porpenecliculan ‘Te The page » AP my S Also, 296 =\y= A — (Ay or any t L 2B =Ve=0 — CB y 36 Urilegrttes A) wrt 1 9B) wrt 6, weget d= Alr+st@) — «) 2A 4 b= conte + for) — cy) Compary (C) Z(d) we seetrot - fide (Af 7) Inv 3 f@)> const - Note: The const can be chroppecl . g A ey Since weore intersted ni Velo. 2A hich & olevivat ve x B. Derivative he comt deere. Gimilerle for stream dumclion ie ie See ye j av = Ye=o J > Int wind. & Int wind ¥ Yeh 0+ £9 Ws comtt +£08) en Vy pra e arCee ee stright Lows from onqin 2 How equi polentatl Lins Gre a civels With anta at ong 3. Hows gtreamlinus 4 equ potential Wns ane omutually 4. Cit eulation for source Aion - Cole itt on 4 Uniform fies with @ fouree - = : eens % + SS = BAD {hse Ub = Veorsines beAo aS cae et b= Vorsino + AO By Consol a source oh, strengt> N, louitesl ed the ovigm. Suapenimpece on thik @ uniform flow ite Velocity Veo « Wa Yeorsina + A A O. , Assume kA Br \> Laws y, k woome” OTS b> (A) 4 Ves -2¥ = —\bo sind Nele. Vr for goures flows A a ~ q the comp } free sitreann Nels m wackial olireclion yy Veocoso, 1 the Vy obtained aboveOY the (Souree + Unierm) Alon % Shonply she sum QB phetro Velo culig fielob. 2, Thk Kemet tant veith the Linu mature Of the, Le place's “5. oe stoq nation points mithe flow cam be obtatrict by setup \ie WVo te Zev. Veo tose +A =0 2AY Veo sin@ =O Seluiyder x48, we get. (ne)= (AfanVeo) »™) Note: 4. Stogmelion pst rs (Akg Vo) dincetly upstream Source A. DB imercages 1 A imeretes or Veo. Substi tity the Stagnation pt: coovelinatr rile the Ip ey. a. Veo AN Sink + A x = one. AB Veo ol ow = A= —- | Notes. 4. In invisecet Flow, Velo at becky surface 8 tangent th “the booke Trenefore amy Stream of the combintel Alem ( ha lfhecry) Coulet be neplaccel by asolrel surface hike Same shape: cont» > Yepresena curve Ake. 2. Streamline Age ack aa oliviclrp gheamliore - Pt sepavaty Fluicl coma {rem {ree stream 4 emanty rem dine Source. 3. The flow obteusece! bafere re presenti -the low! oversoli Sere nahi te beoly ARG. Ps: Gee Rankine ouak.; Uniform +Boura. + Sink]. Kelvin onalPoublet flows : Ce One cln a gourvee of Strength A 4 sink 4 strength -A. 1 Sepsrctec! by a olictance i: A P 7P ey A r// / |b J leo ae i o Xe JA = const A = 1s Sink A Se DD Source, -Simk pew bY Doublet At amy point P niche flor s the Stream fundion 4. 2 A (@-6)=-A AB ; 26> O-6, an ar New, Let ')) approach revo 1A such awey that “UA remain cont Unto Limit dp 20 4 LAzcomsld, we obtain aspeciel flow paltan Krown as oloublit - The ahengdts 4, cleubLit vs LAS Lea = Lt (-4 as) leo 2A ky = laecomtt Un tine Limit AB>cla2o 4 A>?» VE From 4igb)- \ a= lsin@ bz y= lesa b= Yo a king 7-8 eee A _Isinee ee any. ne ky Sconstt= lt sion Ce tae iS ¥- Leos I= const ye -D sina An by Sirnilanty , g = hk cose) > PS: “berive i6 aA TY “Te oben the seam hina dh acloublet . Ye -R sho - comtt aoc Pa veaias o Y= —k_ sino Ae Com parry above ey with T= deine ar necally from amalyled qeomily the vecleind wh polor eavels rats va 4 Bele with a cliamela Wonder yorlical aris anA with comb lecaticl oy! dinclly above Ong . Stream Linu fora cloublit are a family Gh citels with old, Wane ~ Bifperent ciretis for OAifyerenit Value dh c. — pus le the plaenp & Sine Tothe wight H Source, the oliveeKon flor 6 out Of the onige to lef. Jf we iniTincharge, the Souree the sink locctlions, the flow elir. wouled change . j clivedlion . ~ Therefore, we can cay thot @ cloublet has A seme] a scoerated WAU, By conversion, chu cliveckon vb ghoron by an arrow Fort from simk te source. For the Linit 20, Source dente fall ontop feachotru,. The do vet camel tach others athe abo lule majniteele become inf redely large mine Lint. strematiy (2 — 20); Ths have 4 Fiore values. Of then strengths anal we have a singe lant ON Von jmoldlamninele. form. hich can = helpful to inturpket “hudoublet asbetns Ymclucet by @ cliserete cloublet a strength placed a tre ongen: Double a singularity ‘that molar about UE fhe dlowble lobecl cheeules How pattun. “Nom lifting ons ovr a wverlow cyl now a i bmifarm lind Doublet A = Neo rsino Ye ok sine Flow over acylinclr ye Veo sind -s sine OY We Vo ring (1-8) 7 R fe 7 eae \ AR Veo Vr = Ldk = on eR ap ener (Io) 2 (389) Veocasd. a Ve = -O8 2. a & a [% vein) 28° +(! 8) (vetine) ] ye ae (i+ ) Vosing.Teor local} stognation polis we put Vr=04Vvezo (ce) Vio os =O 7 (+ ge sino 50 Simultamecusly colt beth equations dor 146, ne final chso stagnation pores y lecalecl at (6) = (RO) A (RR). Thess Ponte are clenoke! as A ancl B. By pethe coorveli malis AAIB ws templets cthel Same streamline ae AGB, The ey: wp we ind Lpzo. Tres of tha gheambline rp = (Veo vate) (I~ & ) =o Sines 82% ¢ B20 ctliciear te above eq hence the enters herinorital anus exlencling Infimilil, for upsdeamn oh & ame clown team dhA ) 4 pert jthe stoqrellion Streamline - Nere: L Entice qlee fields symontled eal about bath -fra hovizontas aol the yutical anu. tence thy preasune dlisht bulon K alto spanomct eal. Thus ture vb mo net Lge omalno Aras. a. Zero Litt A easy tb cligat but mero otras in veal bife onal mo ene - 3. Thi paraclow bdween treoréhical dutal oltag wos fivet ebrarel by Teaw LeKonct d’Ateonbeit 1 1744 and hence Known a5 dl! Mem bert’ Prreclon: A Durr ig G19 centurns this Paracloe was uneeplar nee! by dhe research -Now we leno thadt olwag Wi clue Ly viscous efgeeis Which gener Arict’oredt shear ofrese 4 the Sus face Ofte booty Thr cares “he -flow to seperate fromthe Sut face enrthe bacle Sfre bocleg thew orcaly a wele ArA latoy np The symone ihe flow about tae Yatical ances . “The Velo. cbistri bukion on cylincl Surface Ae Vez Oj Velo. solid surface =D - Vo= -2.vo sine. j Ault magriteete (bvelo- Vz Va. TSN S clue tow sin convertion Vo vitve. counlreloentse. ae Ve 3 meres {= 2V00) at -thetop (82%) ancl batlom| 83%, , Apply Reveroullis 2. belweery a point ni free strecm and apotsit onthe ezine: bom. ut-¥ % fy 2y oh CA a a 1 eye a cor Cp2 |-4sinto. PS Cp clistribulion Ow the evils ey limelus surface «Nevlew flow - Ne = Filesiol pawt) cla onevet mA clrebes (, Peemct about « point - ~ MRO eet Vs yer with 4, > AU stream Ling are Concentrie circles Vortex flows whe Ve i in versely Proportional to v. Un a porely civeulatery ( free vor flow) Velocity. aan be written as. FVs4 1 (208) +4 due =o Ths foe an Imcom prssibte #low » motion, thetangeriliat Loto = Ce ee Ake, Vx = 0 => dWe + Ye = or Y ow dle = _dy Veo 7 oy | eee OF Uy ac, = For Fimcby 6 we tele TP arounel a streamline y- Tea § Vids = —Vg(2x~) Vo = lv DAY Seer sr alg 1a For Vortex Flo, Tu aslation alum about alt streem Linus Ydbu Same, [= -2Ac.TB the stremgdy athe Vortec Flow - PSt Why vores How v irrtationat except atineorien, . Whst happens at r=0 Fine OxV at rr0- ee (ea Now, 24 =o =; Lob = Ve: -P ov tT 3S ary Urlegrating abou IT my BR 3 Gion ovr A cyLindr- On -@-- 4 Vor 33, Laws OV Srength 7 re one ee et Yas Inrt const BR 4 = Vo rsine ) (1-8) Ginex The const vs erbidray Let it lao» Comet Yee 2 ine R = -© mR anAe G (Verna) 1-8) * = ng Gheambnn are symmebrical aboul vertical erud (modtrse) beter OPSYMerAjerl abot horizortl aris ( Litt exch) Becoure, a Vorlew 4 : Strengda MT fax beem acloltal torre flow, The Wenlalion Abort the exlimal 4 finite (=I) Now , we eam cid the velociLiu by acloluy rw component Flod Veloriter’s - as of Vo = ~ (16 £) Yosme~ F —() aay “For Locettuxp the slegpraction points pa Vr= Ve=o From ey) ys 2, Subeditechi eR wh 44 @). weget 6: 1G P ) =) 4AVoeR Oat ie » O must be rite 374 G4™ quselrant - i —— ¢ \ ee ay P< anvoR by PF =4AVoR o) PF 7 4aveR The two stegreon Points (1,2) ave chown mi Hig for eR ard @ a8 Given by 25,03). Above sult A Valecl only them U/un ak =(" cp-pe) cose Rae J per umit olipte oo ey S: Derive thet - Ait i= - C° (p-peo)sime Rola. (dakem-+ve upisereh) 8 ir Smee the Intayrel Ba =-L 4y2 4K R \ Gi any odel power > RYo Jy 7 sino over 2h aw Zero - whe k= TL an Lo = = Rel (kutta-Toukowski “theorem )