Quarter 4- Lesson 4: Developing Paragraphs that Illustrate Text Types

Text types classify texts according to their purposes, so they are structured differently, too. Some texts narrate a
series of events, while others explain how something works. Other text types give instructions or list procedures, while
others argue for a point to convince readers. In this module, sample text types are given and explained so that you can
eventually write your own paragraphs.

Text types may be categorized in a number of ways. The following lists the more common text types you read
almost every day.

1. Narrative – tells a story which can be fiction (made-up story) or non-fiction (real events). Shorts stories and
other traditional tales are examples of fiction, while biographies are examples of narrative non-fiction.
2. Explanation - explains a particular subject or topic through ideas that support it. It is a kind of factual text
that explains how or why things are. It elaborates on how or why something occurs or give information on
how to do something.
3. Expository – are also informational texts that present factual data on a topic through description, sequence,
comparison and contrast, cause and effect, and problem-solution.
4. Procedural text - lists a sequence of actions or steps needed to make or do something. Some examples
include recipes, science experiments, assembly manuals, or instructions for playing games. This should not
be confused with explanations on processes, because procedural texts are more directive and imperative.
They instruct readers on how to go about processes.
5. Recount - retells past events which may either be personal or factual.
• Personal recount - retells past events that the writer was personally involved in. Diary entries and short
personal memoirs are examples of personal recounts
• Factual recount - retells events that also happened in real life but may not be about the writer
himself/herself. News reports and witness statements are examples of factual recounting.
6. Persuasive text - intends to convince the readers/listeners to believe, perform a certain action or change
mind. Examples of persuasive text types include advertisements, editorials, debate speeches, arguments,
and persuasive essays and speeches.

Text types are distinguished from one another based on their purpose, their structure, and recurrent language features.

Example 1. Narrative

Friendship Detour by Clarit, Tresh Aga’s fun afternoon was replaced with sadness. The moment he checked his
timeline on Facebook, Bobby was the topic. Aga was shocked that his best friend, Bobby died. Five hours earlier, they ate
chicken barbecue and enjoyed the view of their favorite beach resort. After that, they proceeded to a nearby restaurant
and ordered the best-selling halo-halo. They saw other friends enjoying their meals, too. Aga just decided to go home to
rest for the next day’s trip. They both got into their motorbikes. That was the last time Aga saw him.

Example 2. Explanation

Why Sleep is Important Sleep is like food for your brain. Getting enough sleep is important for your physical and
mental wellbeing. Sleep lets your mind recharge and process information. It’s the only part of the day that your body
gets to rest and repair. Sleep can also help you feel better, think more clearly, and concentrate better. It gives you energy
to complete tasks and can make you more alert. Without enough sleep you may have problems with thinking,
concentrating, memory, reaction times and mood.

Example 3. Expository text

There are several characteristics which distinguish plants from animals. Green plants are able to manufacture
their own food from substances in the environment. This process is known as photosynthesis. In contrast, animals,
including man, get their food either directly from plants or indirectly by eating animals which have eaten plants. Plants
are generally stationary. Animals, on the other hand, can usually move about. In external appearance, plants are usually
green. They grow in a branching fashion at their extremities, and their growth continues throughout their lives. Animals,
however, are very diverse in their external appearance. Their growth pattern is not limited to their extremities. It is
evenly distributed and only occurs in a definite time period. Therefore, the differences between plants and animals is
quite significant.

Example 4. Procedural Text

Example 5. Personal Recount

Memories Last a Lifetime by Clarit, Tresh My family used to visit my grandparents’ farm in the province. I had all
the first-time experiences such as: riding on a carabao, climbing fruit trees, swimming in the river and pounding pinipig
rice. I could not forget also how my mother cooked her special bibingka or rice cake for us. I felt that life in the farm was
fun. It made me realize that happiness cannot only be found at the city but also in the countryside.

Example 6. Factual recount

Footsteps in the Moon by Clarit, Tresh Riding in a spacecraft named Apollo 11, Neil Armstrong and company
were determined to reach the moon. On July 20, 1969, they successfully made it. “One giant leap for mankind!” the
historical line exclaimed by Neil Armstrong. This has been a tough challenge to an astronaut’s mission that brought
success to his nation. Such honor made him noteworthy. Carrying his nation’s flag placed on the moon’s surface was a
victory.

Example 7. Persuasive text

Treshella White Beauty Soap by Clarit, Tresh Using “Treshella White Beauty Soap” truly gives an amazing effect. It
makes your skin look smooth and silky white. It contains glutathione and Vitamin C. Hurry! Grab this product from stores
nationwide and experience young-looking skin like no other.
WHAT’S MORE (Answer the activities on your NOTEBOOK)
Activity 4: Express your thoughts! (WEDNESDAY)

Directions: Read each paragraph and choose a sentence that best completes its idea based on the suggested text type.
Copy the paragraph and write the chosen sentence on the blank.

1.NARRATE ME NOW! (Narrative Text)

Once there was a family in a certain village. The father who was very ill talked to his sons Troy, Robert and Felix
one evening. ______________________ One day, I will be gone, so you must have to find the three boxes in the
mountain. Those boxes will help each of you prosper in life,” he said.

A. “You have to visit our farm. C. “I am old and getting weaker each day.

B. “You must take care of each other. D. “I would be glad if you could find the treasures.

2. CONVINCE ME (Persuasive Text)

Skipping breakfast is very common to young people. They think it is not necessary. However, I believe that eating
breakfast is important to start the day right. The following are the advantages of having breakfast: it gives your body
energy and strength and makes your brain function well. _______________________________. So, now is the right time
to start eating breakfast to stay healthy and productive.

A. Eating breakfast is advisable.

B. While, skipping breakfast is a diet practice.

C. However, eating breakfast is advantageous.

D. On the other hand, missing breakfast will lead to a lot of health problems.

3. RECALL YOUR EXPERIENCE (Personal Recount)

Mr. Santos said, “Dear son, I can still remember when my father told me his secret. It was about the treasures he
buried in the mountain. _________________. I was very determined and excited to find those treasures, so, I never
thought of dangers on my way, but I was desperate because I was selfish to think, “When I found the treasures, I could
have owned the largest part of the land in the mountain.”

A. He offered me the treasure box. C. He gave me the large portion of the land.

B. He went home with the treasure. D. He challenged me to search the treasures.

Activity 5: Identify and Arrange Me (WEDNESDAY)

Directions: Read the sentences in the box and copy the diagram into a separate sheet of paper. Then, arrange the
sentences in the diagram accordingly. Write only the letters. Finally, at the center, write the text type used.

1-5

A. So, Max just decided to cancel the plan and waited for Ana’s free time.
B. Max told her if she’s willing for a jog.
C. Anna responded to Max that she was unavailable.
D. One afternoon, Anna received a call from her friend Max.
(THURSDAY)

(FRIDAY)