PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS

Object

Ask yourself ‘is what I am doing fulfilling the stated object or am I just gathering useless
information'.

THINK

Equipment

Gather up all the necessary equipment before you start. It is annoying to have to go
searching for equipment halfway through a job.

THINK.

Method

Read the instructions before starting.

If in doubt - ask.

Measurements

Record measurements as you take them, don't commit them to memory.

Most people have a very poor memory for details.

Calculations

Be neat and logical in your approach. If an error is made it should be traceable by checking
back.

Be careful with your mathematical processes, be especially careful when dealing with
brackets. If in doubt - ask.

Conclusions

The main things to be looking for are -

(a) What is the end result.

(b) Possible sources of error.
(c) Suitability of the method.
LAB No. 1 MICROMETER CALIBRATION

Object
To calibrate an outside micrometer.

Equipment
Outside micrometer, set of slip gauges.

Method
Check the micrometer when fully closed, then use the slip gauges to check the micrometer
fully open.

Next, use the slip gauges to check the micrometer at five (5) positions equally spaced
between fully closed and fully open.

Record the results and complete the graph below.

Results
Nominal Micrometer 0 5 10 15 20 25
reading
Error

Conclusions
Is the micrometer error -

(a) Progressive.

(b) Periodic (or cyclic).

(c) Random?

Is the maximum error within the accuracy normally expected from a micrometer?
LAB. No. 2 USE OF SINE CENTRES

Object
To measure an external taper using the sine centres.

Equipment
Sine centres, slip gauges, D.T.I. and stand.

Method
Place the taper in the sine centres. Build up the slip stack as shown in the drawing until the
same reading is obtained at both ends of the taper. Rotate the taper to check if it is running
true. Run the D.T.I. along the taper length to check if the taper is straight sided.

Measurements
Slip stack (H) = …………………..
Roller centre distance (L) = …………………..

Calculations
The included angle of the taper is found using the formula:

N.B. Sine ½ θ used for double taper object ( ) and sine θ used for single taper object ( )

Conclusions
(a) What is the taper included angle? ………………….

(b) Comment on possible sources of error.

LAB No. 3 INTERNAL DIAMETER MEASUREMENT – METHOD 1

Object
(a) To measure accurately an internal diameter.
(b) To check the diameter for ovality.

Equipment
Precision balls, slip gauges.

Method
Place two balls gently into the diameter to be measured.

Measure the gap between the balls using the slip gauges as shown in the drawing.

When the gap has been found accurately repeat the procedure three (3) more times at 45O
intervals.

Record the results.

Results

Position
1 2 3 4
Ball diameter x2

Gap

Diameter

Conclusions

(a) Is the diameter oval? ___________________________

(b) If so by how much? ___________________________

(c) What is the mean diameter? ___________________________

LAB No. 4 INTERNAL DIAMETER MEASUREMENT – METHOD 2

Object
To measure correctly an internal diameter.

Equipment
Vernier height gauge, precision balls.

Method
Place three (3) balls of the same diameter gently into the diameter to be measured. Place a
fourth, larger ball on top as shown in the drawing.

Measure the height (H) to the top of the large ball.

Record the measurements and calculate the diameter.

Measurements
Diameter of large ball (D) = ………………………………………………
Diameter of small ball (d) = ………………………………………………
Height of ball pile (H) = ………………………………………………

Calculations
Diameter of the hole = d + 2BC
Using Pythagoras Theorem.

and and

This, when expanded gives the formula

Conclusions
(a) What is the hole diameter? ………………………………………………

(b) Comment on possible sources of error.

(c) Is this a practical method of measuring a diameter? ……………………………

LAB No. 5 MEASUREMENT WITH VARIOUS INSTRUMENTS

Object
To compare the limits of accuracy obtainable with various instruments.

Equipment
metric vernier calipers, metric micrometer, dial gauge (D.T.I.), comparator mechanical,
comparator electrical, set of metric slip gauges, one specimen

Method
Obtain an exact metric equivalent slip gauge for the specimen size used.

Measure the specimen using:

1. Micrometer
2. Dial Gauge (D.T.I.)
3. Comparator Mechanical
4. Comparator Electrical

Complete the chart below

Results
Slip gauge size = ……………………………mm

METHOD ERROR MEASUREMENT

Micrometer

Dial Gauge (D.T.I.)

Comparator Mechanical

Comparator Electrical

Conclusions
Comment on:

1. Repeatability.

2. Accuracy.

3. Ease of measurement of each methods