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Lesson 04 - Frequency Distribution

This document discusses various methods for organizing and displaying numerical data, including ordered arrays, frequency distributions, histograms, frequency polygons, cumulative frequency distributions, and ogives. It explains how to create ordered arrays, frequency distributions with class intervals and frequencies, histograms by grouping data into class intervals and counting frequencies, frequency polygons by plotting class midpoints against frequencies, and cumulative distributions and ogives by calculating cumulative frequencies or percentages.

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CST21048 DULAPANDAN A.R.
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20 views14 pages

Lesson 04 - Frequency Distribution

This document discusses various methods for organizing and displaying numerical data, including ordered arrays, frequency distributions, histograms, frequency polygons, cumulative frequency distributions, and ogives. It explains how to create ordered arrays, frequency distributions with class intervals and frequencies, histograms by grouping data into class intervals and counting frequencies, frequency polygons by plotting class midpoints against frequencies, and cumulative distributions and ogives by calculating cumulative frequencies or percentages.

Uploaded by

CST21048 DULAPANDAN A.R.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Organizing Numerical Data

Numerical Data 41, 24, 32, 26, 27, 27, 30, 24, 38, 21

Ordered Array Frequency Distributions


Cumulative Distributions
21, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 30, 32, 38, 41

Stem and Leaf Histograms Ogive


Display
Tables Polygons
Organizing Numerical Data

 Data in raw form (as collected):


24, 26, 24, 21, 27, 27, 30, 41, 32, 38
 Data in ordered array from smallest to largest:

 Stem-and-leaf display:
 Ungrouped data distribution is a table, which
shows the each of value of the variable together
with number of times it occurs.

Ex: 21, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 30, 32, 38, 41
 Grouped Data Distribution
 A tabular arrangement of data by classes together
with the corresponding class frequencies is called a
grouped data distribution.
Weight of 100 students at XYZ University
Weight (Kg) Total No. of Student (f)
60-62 5
63-65 18
66-68 42
69-71 27
72-74 8
Total 100
 Class Interval- 60-62 in above table is called
class interval.
Class Limits- The end numbers in the class
interval
 Open Class Interval- Either no upper limit or no
lower class limit. (Eg: - “74 years and over”)
 Class Boundaries - 59.5-62.5
 In practice, the class boundaries are obtained by
adding upper limit of one class interval to the lower
limit of the next-higher class interval and dividing
by 2.
 The Size/ Width of a Class: The difference
between the lower and upper boundaries
Tabulating Numerical Data:
Frequency Distribution
 Sort raw data in ascending order:
Example: consider the following marks scored by 30
students in as examination.
41 55 48 47 53 48 33 32 42
55 44 38 60 65 71 80 41 53
47 48 55 20 31 34 42 51 35
35 26 25

 Find range: Maximum-Minimum


 Select number of classes: (usually between 5 and 15)

 Compute class interval (width):

 Determine class boundaries (limits):

 Compute class midpoints (ie. Class mark)

 Count observations & assign to classes


Frequency Distributions

Class Frequency Class Class Mark


Interval Boundaries
Relative Frequency Distributions and
Percentage Distributions

Class Frequency Relative Percentage


Interval Frequency
Cumulative Frequency Distributions
Less than / More than

Class Frequency Less than More than


Interval cumulative cumulative
frequency frequency
Graphing Numerical Data:
The Histogram

Histogram

7 6
6 5
Frequency

5 4 No Gaps
4 3
3 2
Between
2 Bars
1 0 0
0
5 15 25 36 45 55 More

Class Boundaries
Class Midpoints
Graphing Numerical Data:
The Frequency Polygon
Data in ordered array:
12, 13, 17, 21, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44, 46, 53, 58

Frequenc y

4
3

0
5 15 25 36 45 55 More

Class Midpoints
Tabulating Numerical Data:
Cumulative Frequency
Data in ordered array:
12, 13, 17, 21, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44, 46, 53, 58

Cumulative Cumulative
Class Frequency % Frequency
10 but under 20 3 15
20 but under 30 9 45
30 but under 40 14 70
40 but under 50 18 90
50 but under 60 20 100
Graphing Numerical Data:
The Ogive (Cumulative % Polygon)
Data in ordered array:
12, 13, 17, 21, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44, 46, 53, 58

Ogive

100

80
60
40
20

0
10 20 30 40 50 60

Class Boundaries (Not Midpoints)

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