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Module 2A-2 Graphical Method

The document discusses constructing shear force and bending moment diagrams through graphical methods. It provides 3 steps: [1] determine support reactions by drawing a free body diagram, [2] establish V and x axes and plot shear values to draw the shear diagram with slope equal to distributed loads, and [3] establish M and x axes, plot moment values with slope equal to shear to draw the moment diagram. An example problem is worked out showing the shear and moment diagrams for a cantilever beam with a uniform distributed load.

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Dilum VR
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36 views

Module 2A-2 Graphical Method

The document discusses constructing shear force and bending moment diagrams through graphical methods. It provides 3 steps: [1] determine support reactions by drawing a free body diagram, [2] establish V and x axes and plot shear values to draw the shear diagram with slope equal to distributed loads, and [3] establish M and x axes, plot moment values with slope equal to shear to draw the moment diagram. An example problem is worked out showing the shear and moment diagrams for a cantilever beam with a uniform distributed load.

Uploaded by

Dilum VR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIV2503 Structural Design I

Module 2A: Shear and Moment Diagrams


(Revision) – Part A

Lecture Objectives

Part 2 (Graphical method)


 Discuss the relationship between
loading, shear force and bending
moment diagrams
 To show how to plot shear force and
bending moment diagrams using the
graphical method

Relations between Distributed Load,


Shear and Moment
Distributed Load
 Consider beam AD subjected to an arbitrary
load w = w(x) and a series of concentrated
forces and moments
 Distributed load assumed positive when
loading acts downwards

1
Relations between Distributed Load,
Shear and Moment
Distributed Load
 A FBD diagram for a small
segment of the beam having a
length ∆x is chosen at point x
along the beam which is not
subjected to a concentrated force
or couple moment
 Any results obtained will not apply
at points of concentrated loadings

Relations between Distributed Load,


Shear and Moment
Distributed Load
 The internal shear force and bending
moments shown on the FBD are
assumed to act in the positive sense
 Both the shear force and moment
acting on the right-hand face must be
increased by a small, finite amount in
order to keep the segment in
equilibrium

Relations between Distributed


Load, Shear and Moment
Distributed Load
 The distributed loading has been replaced by a
resultant force ∆F = w(x) ∆x that acts at a
fractional distance k (∆x) from the right end,
where 0 < k <1
   Fy  0;V  w( x)x  (V  V )  0
V   w( x) x
 M  0;Vx  M  w( x)xk x   ( M  M )  0
M  Vx  w( x) k (x) 2

2
Relations between Distributed
Load, Shear and Moment
Distributed Load

dV
 w(x)
Slope of the dx = Negative of
shear diagram distributed load intensity

dM
V
Slope of dx Shear moment
Moment diagram = diagram

Relations between Distributed Load,


Shear and Moment
Distributed Load
 At a specified point in a beam, the slope of the
shear diagram is equal to the intensity of the
distributed load
 Slope of the moment diagram = shear
 If the shear is equal to zero, dM/dx = 0, a point of
zero shear corresponds to a point of maximum
(or possibly minimum) moment
 w (x) dx and V dx represent differential area
under the distributed loading and shear diagrams

Relations between Distributed Load,


Shear and Moment
Distributed Load
 Change in shear between points B and C is
equal to the negative of the area under the
distributed-loading curve between these
points
 Change in moment between B and C is equal
to the area under the shear diagram within
region BC
 The equations so not apply at points where
concentrated force or couple moment acts

3
Relations between Distributed
Load, Shear and Moment
Force
 FBD of a small segment of
the beam
   Fy  0; V   F
 Change in shear is negative
thus the shear will jump
downwards when F acts
downwards on the beam

Relations between Distributed


Load, Shear and Moment
Force
 FBD of a small segment of the
beam located at the couple
moment
 M  0; M  M O
 Change in moment is positive
or the moment diagram will
jump upwards MO is clockwise

Construction of Shear Force Diagrams


 Concentrated loads on the structure result in sudden jumps in the shear
force diagram. The magnitude of these changes is equal to the
magnitude of the forces. The direction of the changes is the same as the
direction of the forces causing them.
 If there is no loading on the beam between any two concentrated loads,
the shear force diagram has a constant value.
 The shear force diagram increases or decreases at a constant rate under
a uniformly distributed load. The slope of the shear force diagram is
equal to the magnitude of the uniformly distributed load.
 The shear force diagram changes according to a parabolic function under
linearly ranging loads. The slope of the shear force diagram at any point
on the beam is equal to the magnitude of the distributed load at the point
in question.
 The shear force must be zero at a free end of the beam.

4
Construction of Bending Moment
Diagrams
 The bending moment diagram changes linearly between any two
concentrated loads on a beam.
 The bending moment diagram is a parabolic curve for a uniformly
distributed load.
 The bending moment diagram is a cubic function for a linearly
varying distributed load.
 The bending moment is zero at roller pinned and roller supports
of simply supported beams, as well as the free end of cantilever
beams, unless a concentrated moment is applied at this location.
 When the loading includes an externally applied moment, the
internal bending moment diagram will exhibit a sudden jump.
The magnitude of this sudden change will equal the magnitude of
the applied moment.

Procedure for Analysis (1)

 Support Reactions. Draw the free body


diagram of the beam and determine the
support reactions. Resolve the forces
acting on the beam into components
that are perpendicular and parallel to
the beam’s axis.

Procedure for Analysis (2)

 Shear Diagram. Establish the V and x


axes and plot the known values of the
shear at the two ends of the beam. The
slope of the shear diagram at any point
is equal to the (negative) intensity of the
distributed loading at the point. If w(x) is
a curve of degree n, V(x) will be a curve
of degree n+1.

5
Procedure for Analysis (3)

 Moment Diagram. Establish the M and x


axes and plot the known values of the
moment at the ends of the beam. The slope
of the moment diagram at any point is equal
to the shear at the point. In particular, note
that at the point where the shear is zero,
dM/dx=0, and this may be a point of
maximum or minimum moment. If V(x) is a
curve of degree n, M(x) will be a curve of
degree n+1.

Example 7.7 (same as before)


Draw the shear and bending moments
diagrams for the shaft. The support at A is a
thrust bearing and the support at C is a
journal bearing.

Example 7.50 (same as before)


Draw the shear and moment diagrams for
the beam.

6
Example 7.10
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
cantilevered beam.

Solution
Support Reactions
 FBD of the beam

Solution
 Since the load between 1.2 ≤ x ≤ 2, w = 0,
slope dV/dx = 0, at x = 2, V = +600
Shear Diagram

7
Solution
 Moment diagram is parabolic with a linearly
decreasing positive slope
 Moment Diagram
- 1588
Slope = +1080
Slope = +600
Slope = +600
-100
x (m)
1.2 m 2m

M (kN · m)

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