BRICKS

A molded rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln until hard and used as a building and paving material. Such blocks of clay used as a
building material.
TYPES OF BRICKS
Clay Bricks: Clay bricks are made from clay that is molded and fired at high temperatures. These bricks are commonly used for construction
purposes.
Concrete Bricks: Concrete bricks are made from cement, sand, and water and are much denser than clay bricks. These bricks are widely used for
load-bearing walls.
Fly Ash Bricks: Fly ash bricks are made from a mixture of fly ash, cement, and sand. They are lightweight, eco-friendly, and have excellent thermal
insulation properties.
Fire Bricks: Fire bricks are made from special materials that can withstand high temperatures. These bricks are used in fireplaces, furnaces, and
other high-temperature applications.
Sand Lime Bricks: Sand lime bricks are made from a mixture of sand, lime, and water. These bricks are very strong and are commonly used for
load-bearing walls.
Engineering Bricks: Engineering bricks are made from high-density materials and are much stronger than traditional bricks. They are commonly
used for commercial and industrial construction projects.
Decorative Bricks: Decorative bricks are available in a range of colors, sizes, and textures. They are commonly used for enhancing the aesthetics of
a building.

Clay brick Concrete brick Fly ash brick Fire brick Sand lime brick

Engineering brick Decorative clay

TYPES OF CLAY USED IN CONSTRUCTION:
Ball Clay: Ball clay is a fine-grained clay that is commonly used for making pottery, but can also be used in construction for its
binding properties.
Kaolin Clay: Kaolin clay is a type of clay that is commonly used in the paper and ceramics industries. It is also used in construction as
a binder in bricks and mortar.
Bentonite Clay: Bentonite clay is a type of clay that swells when it comes into contact with water, making it an effective sealant for
foundations, dams, and other structures.
Fuller's Earth Clay: Fuller's earth clay is a type of clay that is used for its absorbent properties, particularly in the cleaning and refining
of oil.
Fire Clay: Fire clay is a type of clay that can withstand high temperatures and is commonly used for lining furnaces and other high-
heat applications.
Terracotta Clay: Terracotta clay is a type of clay that is commonly used for making decorative tiles, pottery, and bricks.

Ball clay Kaolin clay Bentonite clay Fuller’s earth clay

Fire clay Terracotta clay

ROOF TILE-PAN
A roof tile-pan, also known as a pan tile or pantile, is a type of roofing tile that has a
distinctive S-shape. This shape allows the tiles to interlock, creating a weatherproof
barrier that protects the underlying roof structure from the elements. Pan tiles are
typically made from clay, but can also be made from concrete or other materials.

POT TILES
Pot tiles are semi-circular hollow tiles having tapering dimension in the longitudinal
direction. The length of these tiles varies between 15CM TO 25 CM. These tiles are
manufactured by a potter on potter’s wheel. Polishing is done on inner and outer
sides with the help of the wet cloth.

MANGLORE TILES
Mangalore tiles, also known as Mangalorean tiles or Mangalore roof tiles, are a
type of roofing tile that is commonly used in South India. These tiles are named
after the city of Mangalore in the Indian state of Karnataka, where they are
traditionally made by hand.

Mangalore tiles are typically made from locally available clay, which is molded and
fired at high temperatures. They are known for their unique shape
FLOORING AND PAVING :

BRICK TILES:

Flooring and paving brick tiles are a popular choice for both indoor and outdoor surfaces because of their durability,
versatility, and aesthetic appeal. Here are some things to consider if you're thinking about using brick tiles for your
flooring or paving project:

Material: Brick tiles can be made from a variety of materials, including clay, concrete, and natural stone. Each material
has its own unique characteristics and will offer different benefits and drawbacks, so it's important to choose the
right one for your specific needs.
Size and shape: Brick tiles come in a range of sizes and shapes, from standard rectangular shapes to more complex
patterns and designs. The size and shape of the tile you choose will depend on the overall look you're going for and
the specific requirements of your project.
Color: Brick tiles are available in a variety of colors, from classic red and brown to more modern shades like gray and
black. Consider the color of your tiles carefully to ensure they complement your existing décor and style.
Texture: The texture of your brick tiles will impact both the look and feel of your surface. Smooth tiles are ideal for
indoor areas, while rougher textures may be better suited for outdoor areas that require better traction.
Installation: Installing brick tiles can be a complex process, especially for larger projects. It's important to work with an
experienced contractor who can ensure your tiles are properly installed and provide you with a high-quality finished
product
CLAY TILES:

Flooring and paving clay tiles are a popular choice for their durability, natural beauty, and versatility. Here are some things to
consider if you're thinking about using clay tiles for your flooring or paving project:

Material: Clay tiles are made from natural materials that are fired at high temperatures, which gives them their characteristic
strength and durability. They can be glazed or unglazed and come in a variety of colors and textures.
Size and shape: Clay tiles come in a range of sizes and shapes, from classic rectangular shapes to hexagons and other geometric
shapes. The size and shape of your tiles will depend on your specific project requirements and the overall look you're going
for.
Color: Clay tiles are available in a range of colors, from earthy browns and reds to more vibrant blues and greens. Some clay
tiles are even made to resemble natural stone or wood. Consider the color of your tiles carefully to ensure they complement
your existing décor and style.
Texture: The texture of your clay tiles can vary, from smooth and glossy to more textured and rustic. Some tiles even have a
handcrafted look that can add character and charm to your space.
Installation: Clay tiles require a professional installation to ensure they are properly laid and grouted. Your installer will need to
ensure the subfloor is level and stable before beginning installation.
CEREMIC TILES
Flooring and paving ceramic tiles are a popular choice for their durability, versatility, and affordability. Here are some
things to consider if you're thinking about using ceramic tiles for your flooring or paving project:

Material: Ceramic tiles are made from natural clay that is fired at high temperatures. They can be glazed or unglazed
and come in a variety of colors and textures.
Size and shape: Ceramic tiles come in a range of sizes and shapes, from classic rectangular shapes to hexagons and
other geometric shapes. The size and shape of your tiles will depend on your specific project requirements and the
overall look you're going for.
Color: Ceramic tiles are available in a wide range of colors, from neutral tones to bold and vibrant hues. They can
also be made to resemble natural stone or wood, offering a cost-effective alternative to more expensive materials.
Texture: The texture of your ceramic tiles can vary, from smooth and glossy to more textured and rustic. Some tiles
even have a handcrafted look that can add character and charm to your space.
Installation: Ceramic tiles are relatively easy to install and can be laid over a variety of surfaces. However, they
require a professional installation to ensure they are properly laid and grouted
STRUCTURAL USE OF BRICK MASNORY IN
FOUNDATION:
Brick masonry is a popular choice for foundation walls due to its durability, strength, and ability to withstand heavy loads.
Here are some things to consider when using brick masonry for foundation walls:

Load-bearing capacity: Brick masonry is a load-bearing material, meaning it can support significant vertical and lateral
loads. The thickness and quality of the bricks used, as well as the size and spacing of the mortar joints, must be carefully
designed and executed to ensure the wall can withstand the loads it will bear.
Water resistance: Foundations are exposed to moisture from the surrounding soil, which can cause damage over time. Brick
masonry walls should be designed with proper drainage systems and water-resistant barriers to prevent water infiltration
and damage.
Soil conditions: The soil conditions on which the foundation will be built must be taken into account when designing the
wall. The wall must be strong enough to resist soil pressures and prevent settlement or heaving.
Reinforcement: In some cases, reinforcement may be necessary to enhance the strength and stability of the brick masonry
foundation wall. This can include reinforcing bars, steel mesh, or other types of reinforcement.
Professional installation: Brick masonry foundation walls require a professional installation to ensure they are properly
designed and constructed. This includes proper excavation, footing design and installation, and wall construction.
WALL:
Brick masonry is a popular choice for wall construction due to its strength, durability, and aesthetic appeal. Here are
some things to consider when using brick masonry for wall construction:

Load-bearing capacity: Brick masonry is a load-bearing material, meaning it can support significant vertical and lateral
loads. The thickness and quality of the bricks used, as well as the size and spacing of the mortar joints, must be
carefully designed and executed to ensure the wall can withstand the loads it will bear.
Moisture resistance: Brick masonry walls are exposed to moisture from the surrounding environment, which can cause
damage over time. The wall must be designed with proper drainage systems and water-resistant barriers to prevent
water infiltration and damage.
Thermal performance: Brick masonry walls have good thermal mass, meaning they can absorb and store heat. This can
help regulate indoor temperatures and reduce heating and cooling costs.
Fire resistance: Brick masonry walls are highly fire-resistant, providing a safe and durable building envelope.
Aesthetics: Brick masonry walls offer a variety of textures, colors, and patterns that can enhance the visual appeal of a
building. Careful attention to the design and execution of the wall can create a beautiful and functional structure
PIERS:
Brick masonry is a commonly used material for constructing piers due to its strength, durability, and ability to
withstand heavy loads. Here are some things to consider when using brick masonry for pier construction:

Load-bearing capacity: Brick masonry is a load-bearing material and can support significant vertical and lateral loads.
The thickness and quality of the bricks used, as well as the size and spacing of the mortar joints, must be carefully
designed and executed to ensure the pier can withstand the loads it will bear.
Moisture resistance: Piers are exposed to moisture from the surrounding environment, which can cause damage over
time. The pier must be designed with proper drainage systems and water-resistant barriers to prevent water
infiltration and damage.
Soil conditions: The soil conditions on which the pier will be built must be taken into account when designing the pier.
The pier must be strong enough to resist soil pressures and prevent settlement or heaving.
Reinforcement: In some cases, reinforcement may be necessary to enhance the strength and stability of the brick
masonry pier. This can include reinforcing bars, steel mesh, or other types of reinforcement.
Professional installation: Brick masonry piers require a professional installation to ensure they are properly designed
and constructed. This includes proper excavation, footing design and installation, and pier construction.
COLOUMN:
Brick masonry is a commonly used material for constructing columns due to its strength, durability, and aesthetic appeal.
Here are some things to consider when using brick masonry for column construction:

Load-bearing capacity: Brick masonry is a load-bearing material and can support significant vertical and lateral loads. The
thickness and quality of the bricks used, as well as the size and spacing of the mortar joints, must be carefully designed
and executed to ensure the column can withstand the loads it will bear.
Moisture resistance: Columns are exposed to moisture from the surrounding environment, which can cause damage over
time. The column must be designed with proper drainage systems and water-resistant barriers to prevent water
infiltration and damage.
Reinforcement: In some cases, reinforcement may be necessary to enhance the strength and stability of the brick masonry
column. This can include reinforcing bars, steel mesh, or other types of reinforcement.
Aesthetics: Brick masonry columns offer a variety of textures, colors, and patterns that can enhance the visual appeal of a
building. Careful attention to the design and execution of the column can create a beautiful and functional structure.
Professional installation: Brick masonry columns require a professional installation to ensure they are properly designed and
constructed. This includes proper footing design and installation, column construction, and proper attachment to the
structure.
ARCHES:
Brick masonry is a popular choice for constructing arches due to its strength, durability, and versatility. Here are some
things to consider when using brick masonry for arch construction:

Load-bearing capacity: Brick masonry is a load-bearing material and can support significant vertical and lateral loads. The
thickness and quality of the bricks used, as well as the size and spacing of the mortar joints, must be carefully designed
and executed to ensure the arch can withstand the loads it will bear.
Curved design: Arches are curved structures and require careful design to ensure they are structurally sound. The curvature
of the arch must be carefully calculated and the bricks must be arranged in a specific pattern to distribute the loads
evenly.
Keystone: The keystone is the center stone at the top of the arch and is critical to the arch's stability. The keystone must be
properly sized and placed to ensure the arch can support the loads it will bear.
Moisture resistance: Arches are exposed to moisture from the surrounding environment, which can cause damage over
time. The arch must be designed with proper drainage systems and water-resistant barriers to prevent water infiltration
and damage.
Aesthetics: Brick masonry arches offer a variety of textures, colors, and patterns that can enhance the visual appeal of a
building. Careful attention to the design and execution of the arch can create a beautiful and functional structure.
LINTELS:
Brick masonry is commonly used for lintel construction due to its strength, durability, and availability. Lintels are
structural elements that span an opening in a wall, such as a window or door, and support the weight of the structure
above. Here are some things to consider when using brick masonry for lintel construction:

Load-bearing capacity: Brick masonry lintels must be designed and constructed to support the weight of the structure
above. The thickness and quality of the bricks used, as well as the size and spacing of the mortar joints, must be
carefully designed and executed to ensure the lintel can withstand the loads it will bear.
Reinforcement: In some cases, reinforcement may be necessary to enhance the strength and stability of the brick masonry
lintel. This can include reinforcing bars or other types of reinforcement embedded in the brick masonry or installed as
a separate element.
Moisture resistance: Lintels are exposed to moisture from the surrounding environment, which can cause damage over
time. The lintel must be designed with proper drainage systems and water-resistant barriers to prevent water
infiltration and damage.
Thermal expansion: Brick masonry lintels are subject to thermal expansion and contraction, which can cause cracking and
damage over time. Proper design and installation must take into account the potential for thermal movement and allow
for expansion and contraction without causing damage.
Professional installation: Brick masonry lintels require a professional installation to ensure they are properly designed and
constructed. This includes proper sizing and placement of the lintel, proper installation of reinforcement, and proper
attachment to the structure.