Thermal Engineering-II Course Code: 4351903

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (GTU)

Competency-focused Outcome-based Green Curriculum-2023 (COGC-2023)

Semester-V

Course Title: Thermal Engineering-II

(Course Code: 4351903)

Diploma program in which this course is offered Semester in which offered

Mechanical Engineering 5th Semester

1. RATIONALE

The course on thermal engineering covers a wide range of topics related to the principles of
thermodynamics and their practical applications in various engineering systems. Students will
learn about Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs), gas turbines, refrigeration, air conditioning, and
IC engine fuels, which are all critical components of thermal system/device. The course will
deliver the working principles of IC engine, including the several type of engines, their
components, and their applications. The course will cover ICE fuels and their properties. It also
covers the gas turbine cycles, effect of variable and its applications. Finally, course will also cover
refrigeration and air conditioning systems, including the principles of heat transfer, refrigerants.
Overall, this course provides a comprehensive understanding of thermal systems/devices and
their applications, which are essential for engineers who is working in various industries.

2. COMPETENCY

The course content should be taught and implemented to develop different skills so that students
can acquire the following competency.

 Apply basic concepts, laws, and principles of thermal engineering to select and
operate the IC engines, gas turbines, refrigerators and air conditioners.

3. COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

The practical exercises, the underpinning knowledge, and the relevant soft skills associated with the
identified competency are to be developed in the student for the achievement of the following COs:

Analyze performance of internal combustion engines using performance parameters and

CO-1
heat balance sheet.
CO-2 Select IC engine fuels and related support system for internal combustion engines.
CO-3 Identify salient features of open and closed cycles gas turbines.
CO-4 Analyze the performance of refrigeration system using standard procedures.
CO-5 Estimate air conditioning parameters for particular appliances.

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Thermal Engineering-II Course Code: 4351903

4. TEACHING AND EXAMINATION SCHEME

Teaching Scheme Total Credits Examination Scheme

(In Hours) (L+T+P/2) Theory Marks Practical Marks Total
L T P C CA ESE CA ESE Marks
3 0 2 4 30* 70 25 25 150
(*): Out of 30 marks under the theory CA, 10 marks are for assessment of the micro-project to
facilitate integration of COs and the remaining 20 marks is the average of 2 tests to be taken
during the semester for the assessing the attainment of the cognitive domain UOs required for
the attainment of the COs.
Legends: L-Lecture; T– Tutorial/Teacher Guided Theory Practice; P -Practical; C – Credit, CA -
Continuous Assessment; ESE -End Semester Examination.

5. SUGGESTED PRACTICAL EXERCISES

Following Practical Outcomes (PrOs) are the sub-components of the Course Outcomes (COs). Some
POs marked '*' are compulsory, as they are crucial for that particular CO at the 'Precision Level' of
Dave's Taxonomy related to the 'Psychomotor Domain'.
Approx.
Sr.
Practical Outcomes (PrOs) Unit No. Hrs.
No.
Required
01 Demonstrate various IC engine and its components. * I 02
02 Prepare an actual valve timing diagram of given IC engine. * I 02
Perform a test on four stroke Petrol engine test rig. also prepare
03 I 04
a heat balance sheet. *
Perform a test on four stroke Diesel engine test rig. also prepare
04 I 04
a heat balance sheet. *
Measure a friction power of multICylinder petrol engine using
05 I 02
Morse test.
Measure and analyze the emitted gases from IC engine (in
06 II 02
context of pollution).
07 Demonstrate various gas turbines and its components. * III 02
08 Demonstrate various tools for refrigeration tubing operation. * IV 02
09 Determine the COP of VCRS system. * IV 02
Demonstrate leak detection with various leak detection
10 IV 02
techniques, evacuation and refilling of refrigerant
11 Determine of properties of air. * V 02
12 Determine of capacity of window / split air-conditioner. * V 02

Total (Hours) - 28

Note:
I. More Practical Exercises can be designed and offered by the concerned course teacher to
develop the industry-relevant skills/outcomes to match the COs. The above table is only a
representative list.

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Thermal Engineering-II Course Code: 4351903

II. Care must be taken in assigning and assessing the study report as it is a Third-year study
report. The study report, data collection, and analysis report must be assigned to a group. A
teacher has to discuss the type of data before the group starts their market survey.
The following are some sample 'Process' and 'Product' related skills (more may be added/deleted
depending on the course) that occur in the above-listed Practical Exercises of this course required,
which are embedded in the COs and, ultimately, the competency.
Sr. No. Sample Performance Indicators for the PrOs Weightage in %
For Demonstration type PrOs (PrOs Number: 1, 7, 8 & 10)
1 Knowledge 30
2 Quality of Report 30
3 Participation 20
4 Punctuality 20
Total 100
Experimentation/performance type PrOs (PrOs Number: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11 & 12)
1 Knowledge 20
2 Procedure follows 15
3 Observation Skill 20
4 Analysis 10
5 Quality of Report 20
6 Punctuality 15
Total 100

Sample rubrics Performance Indicators for the PrOs

Demonstration type PrOs (PrOs Number: 1, 7, 8, & 10)
Criteria % 10 9-8 7-6 5
Student give Student give
Students give
the correct the correct Student give the
the correct
Knowledge 30% answers answers correct answers
answers 90%
between 70- between 50- less than 50%.
or more.
89%. 69%.
Neat Only
Several
Handwriting, formatting A few
elements are
figure, and is improper required
missing
Quality of table. (Location of elements
30% (content in
Report Complete figures/tabl (labeling/
paragraph,
labeling of es, use of notations) are
labels, figures,
figure and pencil and missing.
tables).
table. scale).
Excellent Moderately Focused
focused focused limited Participation is
Participation 25%
attention in attention on attention in minimum.
the exercise. exercise. the exercise.
Submission late
Submission Submission
Timely by more than
Punctuality 15% late by one late by two
Submission. two
laboratory. laboratories.
laboratories.

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Thermal Engineering-II Course Code: 4351903

Experimentation/performance type PrOs (PrOs Number: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,9, 11 & 12)

Criteria % 10 9-8 7-6 5
Student give Student give
Student give Student give
the correct the correct
the correct the correct
Knowledge 20% answers answers
answers 90% or answers less
between 70- between 50-
more. than 50%.
89%. 69%.
Students
Students Students
Students follow follow all the
follow all the follow all the
all the procedures
procedures procedures
Procedure procedures without
15% with some without
follows with precaution precaution in
precautions in precaution in
in a logical a logical
a logical an illogical
order. order.
order. order.
Excellent Moderately Focused
Observatio focused focused limited Participation is
20%
n Skill attention in the attention on attention in minimum.
exercise. exercise. the exercise.
Student Student
Student
Student understand always need
need help to
understand the most of the help to
understand
data and data and understand
some of the
Analysis 10% analyze analyze the the data and
data and also
correctly the obtained test also in
in analyzing
obtained test results with analyzing the
the obtained
results. help or obtained test
test results.
support. results.
Neat Only Several
A few
Handwriting, formatting is elements are
required
figure, and improper missing
Quality of elements
20% table. Complete (Location of (content in
Report (labeling/
labeling of figures/tables paragraph,
notations)
figure and , use of pencil labels, figures,
are missing.
table. and scale). tables).
Submission
Submission Submission
Timely late by more
Punctuality 15% late by one late by two
Submission. than two
laboratory. laboratories.
laboratories.

6. MAJOR EQUIPMENT/ INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED

This major equipment with broad specifications for the PrOs is a guide to procure them by the
administrators to a user in uniformity of practice in all institutions across the state.
Sr.
Equipment Name PrO. No.
No.
Models of:
1. 01
- 4-stroke Petrol engine cut section

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Thermal Engineering-II Course Code: 4351903

- 4-stroke Diesel engine cut section

- 2-stroke Petrol engine cut section
- 2-stroke Diesel engine cut section
- Carburetor cut section
- Spark plug cut section
- Fuel Injector cut section
- Fuel pump cut section
- MPFI system
2. Actual cut section of 4-stroke Diesel engine for valve timing diagram. 02
3. Four stroke Petrol engine test rig. 03
4. Four stroke Diesel engine test rig. 04
5. MultICylinder 4-stroke Petrol engine test rig for Morse test. 05
Exhaust gas analyzer:
6. - Petrol engine 06
- Diesel engine
Models/charts of:
7. 07
- Gas turbines
8. Refrigeration tubing operation kit. 08

9. VCRS test rig. 09

I. Leak detection kit.
10. 10
II. Evacuation and refilling station for refrigeration system.
11. Psychometer and thermometer for wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures. 11

12. Window/split air conditioner test rig. 12

7. AFFECTIVE DOMAIN OUTCOMES

The following sample Affective Domain Outcomes (ADOs) are embedded in many of the above COs
and PrOs. More can be added to fulfill the development of this course competency.
a. Work as a leader/ team member.
b. Follow safety practices.
c. Follow ethical practices.
d. Maintain tools and equipment.
e. Practice environment-friendly methods and processes. (Environment related)
The ADOs are best developed through laboratory/field-based exercises. Moreover, the level of
achievement of the ADOs, according to Krathwohl's 'Affective Domain Taxonomy,' should gradually
increase as planned below:
I. 'Valuing Level' in 1st year
II. 'Organization Level' in 2nd year.
III. 'Characterization Level' in 3rd year.

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Thermal Engineering-II Course Code: 4351903

8. UNDERPINNING THEORY

Based on the higher-level UOs of Revised Bloom's taxonomy formulated for developing COs and
competency, the primary underpinning theory is given below. If required, more such UOs could be
included by the course teacher to focus on attaining COs and competency.
Unit Outcomes (UOs)
Unit Topics and Sub-topics
(4 to 6 UOs at different levels)
1.1 IC Engine
- Concept
- Working principle
- Major components & Its functions
- Terminology
- Classifications
1.2 Cycles on P-v and T-s diagram on which IC
engines work
1.3 Four Stroke Petrol Engine
- Construction & Working
1.4 Four Stroke Diesel Engine
- Construction & Working
1.5 Two Stroke Engines
- Construction & Working of Petrel
1.a Describe ICEs with
Engine
classification.
- Construction & Working of Diesel
1.b Explain various
Engine
components and
1.6 Theoretical and actual valve timing
Unit – I terminology used in ICEs.
diagrams
Internal 1.c Describe the working
1.7 Fuel Injection system
Combustion principle, construction
- Carburation
Engines and working of the ICEs.
- Fuel pump
1.d Explain various systems
- Multi Point Fuel Injection (MPFI)
used for ICEs.
- CRDI
1.e Calculate the ICEs
1.8 Cooling System
performance parameters.
1.9 Lubrication system
1.10 Ignition system
1.11 Governing & Scavenging system
1.12 Exhaust system (considering pollution
reduction)
1.13 Supercharging & Turbocharging
1.14 Performance testing of IC engines
- Performance parameters (Indicated
power, Brake power, Friction
Power, A/F ratio, specific fuel
consumption, efficiencies)
- Heat balance sheet
- Morse test
1.15 Simple numericals.
2.a List characteristics and 2.1 Fuels
Unit– II properties of fuels used - Concept
IC Engine Fuels for ICEs. - Types/classifications
2.b Explain various petroleum - Properties/characteristics
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Thermal Engineering-II Course Code: 4351903

and alternative fuels for 2.2 Petroleum fuels

ICEs. - Natural gas
2.c Measure and analyze the - Gasoline or petrol
pollution parameters. - Diesel
- Fuel Oil
- Kerosene
2.3 Alternative fuels
- Alcohols
- Hydrogen
- LPG
- Biogas
- CNG
- Biofuel
- Supply requirement for CNG and LPG
2.4 Rating of engine fuels
- Octane Number
- Cetane Number
2.5 Pollution and control
- Emission norms
- Effect emitted gases
2.6 Analysis of exhaust gas
3.1 Concept and classifications
3.2 Brayton cycle
- P-v and T-s diagram
3.a Describe the concept of - Actual cycle
gas turbine. 3.3 Open and closed cycle gas turbine
3.b Explain a working of open 3.4 Performance improvement methods
and closed cycle gas - Intercooling
turbines. - Reheating
Unit-III Gas
3.c List the effect of - Regeneration
Turbines
operating variables in gas 3.5 Essential gas turbine power plant
turbines. components
3.d Calculate the - Compressor
performance parameter - Combustion chamber
of gas turbines. - Turbine
3.6 Usages of gas turbine
3.7 Gas turbine fuels
3.8 Simple numericals
4.a Describe the processes 4.1 Concept of refrigerators and heat pumps
and elements of VCRS 4.2 Reverse Carnot cycle and Bell column
with functions of each cycle
element. 4.3 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle
4.b Operate VCRSs, observe - Major components
Unit– IV the changes in properties - P-v, T-s and P-h diagram
Refrigeration of refrigerant during each - Working
process on VCRS and - Mathematical analysis
calculate / analysis the 4.4 Performance of VCRS
performance using 4.5 Effect of Change in operating condition
thermodynamic charts/ 4.6 Simple numerical on VCRS performance
diagrams. 4.7 Application of VCRS
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Thermal Engineering-II Course Code: 4351903

4.c Calculate various - Domestic refrigerator

performance parameters
- IC plant
of VCRS. - Water cooler
4.d List characteristics of
4.8 Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System
refrigerants used for
(VARS)
VCRSs. 4.9 Refrigerant
- Characteristics
- Properties of refrigerants
- Commonly used refrigerants
- Eco friendly refrigerants
5.1 Air conditioning
- Concept
- Types
- Applications
5.1 Plot and interpret various
5.2 Properties of air
air conditioning processes
- Psychometric relations
Unit–V on psychometric chart.
- Humidity and temperature
Air- 5.2 Measure various air
measurement
Conditioning properties.
5.3 Psychometric chart
5.3 Explain working of various
- Psychometric processes
air-conditioners.
5.4 Simple numericals
5.5 Air conditioner
- Window air conditioner
- Split air conditioner
9. SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION TABLE FOR QUESTION PAPER DESIGN

Distribution of Theory Marks

Unit Teaching
Unit Title R U A Total
No. Hours
Level Level Level Marks
I Internal Combustion Engines 14 7 7 7 21
II IC Engine Fuels 06 3 7 0 10
III Gas Turbines 08 3 4 7 14
IV Refrigeration 09 4 4 7 15
V Air-Conditioning 05 3 0 7 10
Total 42 20 22 28 70
Legends: R=Remember, U=Understand, A=Apply and above (Revised Bloom's taxonomy)

10. SUGGESTED STUDENT ACTIVITIES

Sr.
Activity.
No.
1. Enlist IC Engine specifications which is available in your laboratory.
2. Search different ICE components from scrap and identify type of defect/ failure.
Visit any Industry working on IC Engine manufacturing/ running or power plant working on
3.
IC Engine.
4. Visit any automobile service center in nearby area.
Visit any Petrol/ Diesel/ CNG/ LPG station and study different fuel filling systems along with
5.
different parameters affected.
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Thermal Engineering-II Course Code: 4351903

6. Enlist VCRS system specifications which is available in your laboratory.

7. Prepare chart VCRS/ VARS.
8. Visit cold storage plant, ice plant and air-conditioning Plant to observe VCRS or VARS.
9. Preparation of small model of VCRS.
10. Built up/ evacuate VCRS available at your institute.
11. Prepare property table for different types of refrigerants/ alternate fuels.
12. Undertake 2 to 5 days of training in an automobile workshop.

11. SUGGESTED SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES (if any)

These are sample strategies that the course teacher can use to accelerate the attainment of the
various outcomes in this course.
Unit Unit Title Strategies
I Internal Combustion Engines
II IC Engine Fuels o Real-life examples, Demonstration of
III Gas Turbines natural systems, Movies/Animations.
IV Refrigeration o Numericals, Massive Open Online Courses
V Air-Conditioning (MOOCs).

12. SUGGESTED MICRO-PROJECTS

Only one micro-project is planned to be undertaken by a student that needs to be assigned at the
beginning of the semester. The number of studentsin the group should not exceed three.
The micro-project could be industry application based, internet-based, workshop-based, laboratory-
based, or field-based. Each micro-project should encompass at least COs with in integration of PrOs,
UOs, and ADOs. The duration of the micro project should be about 4-5 (four to five) student
engagement hours during the course. The students ought to submit a micro-project by the end of
the semester to develop the industry-oriented COs.
A representative list of micro-projects is given here. This has to match the competency and the COs.
Similar micro-projects could be added by the concerned course teacher or using suggested student
activity.
A representative list of micro-projects is given here. The concerned faculty can add similar micro-
projects based on student activities (chart/presentation/report/model/animation):
1. Prepare a demonstration model of IC engine parts on wooden board.
2. Prepare a demonstration model of pistons of different size on wooden board.
3. Prepare a demonstration model of connecting rods of different size on wooden board.
4. Prepare a display chart of different types IC engine systems.
5. Prepare a display chart of different types of IC engine fuels.
6. Make a PowerPoint presentation on the latest industry trends in IC engines.
7. Prepare a tabulated summary of the types of four-stroke Petrol engines used in a vehicle
which are available in the market. (Summary includes number of cylinders, capacity, types

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Thermal Engineering-II Course Code: 4351903

of cooling system, types of ignition system, types of governing system, types of fuel supply
system etc).
8. Prepare a tabulated summary of the types of two-stroke Diesel engines used in a vehicle
which are available in the market. (Summary includes number of cylinders, capacity, types
of cooling system, types of ignition system, types of governing system, types of fuel supply
system etc).
9. Prepare a tabulated summary of the types of four-stroke Diesel engines used in a vehicle
which are available in the market. (Summary includes number of cylinders, capacity, types
of cooling system, types of ignition system, types of governing system, types of fuel supply
system etc).
10. Prepare a chart of possible minor fault and remedies while driving two wheelers and four
wheels.
11. Prepare chart of CNG/LPG/Diesel/ Petrol engine fueling system.
12. Make a PowerPoint presentation on the latest trends in IC engines fuels.
13. Carry out a comparative study of gas turbines used in power plants and the upcoming latest
technologies in a gas turbine.
14. Make a PowerPoint presentation on the latest industry trends in gas turbines.
15. Prepare a tabulated summary of the types of refrigerators used for domestic, dairy products,
soft drinks which are available in the market. (Summary includes cooling capacity, types of
compressors, types of refrigerants, types of expansion system, types of evaporation system
etc).
16. Prepare a tabulated summary of the types of air conditioners used in a home, office, mall,
cinema and vehicle which are available in the market. (Summary includes tonnage capacity,
types of compressors, types of refrigerants, types of expansion system etc).
17. Prepare a chart of installation and maintenance of A.C. at home or office.
18. Collect and analyse technical specifications of split air conditioner from manufacturers'
websites and other resources.
19. Collect and analyze technical specifications of refrigerator from manufacturers' websites and
other resources.

13. SUGGESTED LEARNING RESOURCES

Sr.
Title of Book Author Publication
No.
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Yunush A. Cengel
1. Tata Mcgraw- Hill.
Approach Michael A. Boles
Charotar Publishing
2. Heat Engines Pandya and Shah
House.
Thermodynamics and Heat power
3. Mathur and Mehta Tata Mcgraw- Hill.
Engineering
Cambridge University
4. Heat Engines D. A. Wrangham
Press.
5. Thermal Engineering R K Rajput Laxmi. Publications
6. A Text book of Thermal Engineering R S Khurmi & J.K. Gupta S Chand & Co.
7. Thermal engineering P.L.Ballaney Khanna Publication

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Thermal Engineering-II Course Code: 4351903

8. Thermal Science and Engineering Dr. D.S.Kumar S.K.Kataria & Sons.

DhanpatRai
9. IC Engine Mathur and Sharma
Publication
10. Principles of Refrigeration Dossat Pearson Education
11. Refrigeration and air conditioning Arora & Domkundwar Khanna publication.
A Text Book of Refrigeration and Air Eurasia Publishing
12. R S Khurmi
Conditioning House
13. Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning R.K.Rajput S.K.Kataria & Sons.

14. SOFTWARE/LEARNING WEBSITES

1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112105128/
2. http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE2DA184A2E479885
3. http://www.kolpak.com/asset/?id=tuqvr
4. https://www.kwangu.com/work/psychrometric.htm
5. http://people.tamu.edu/~i-choudhury/psych.html
6. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwdnzlV3ogoXHbVNKWL1BYOo_8PpyNtnC
7. http://vlabs.iitkgp.ernet.in/rtvlas/exp1/index.html#

15. PO-COMPETENCY-CO MAPPING

Thermal Engineering-II (4351903)
Semester V
POs
PO-1 PO-2 PO-3 PO-4 PO-5 PO-6 PO-7

Engineering practices
Design/ development

Project Management
Basic & Discipline-

Engineering Tools,
specific knowledge

Life-long Learning
Experimentation&
Problem Analysis

sustainability &
environment
Competency
of solutions

for society,
Testing

& Course Outcomes

Apply basic concepts, laws, and principles of thermal

Competency engineering to select and operate the IC engines, gas
turbines, refrigerators and air conditioners.
CO-1: Analyze performance of
internal combustion engines using
2 3 2 3 - 2 3
performance parameters and heat
balance sheet.
CO-2: Select IC engine fuels and
related support system for internal 2 - - - 3 - 2
combustion engines.
CO-3: Identify salient features of
2 - - - - - 2
open and closed cycles gas turbines.
CO-4: Analyze the performance of
refrigeration system using standard - 3 2 3 2 2 2
procedures.
CO-5: Estimate air conditioning
2 3 - - - - 2
parameters for particular appliances.
Legend: '3' for high, '2' for medium, '1' for low, and '-' for no correlation of each CO with PO

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Thermal Engineering-II Course Code: 4351903

16. COURSE CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE (GTU RESOURCE PERSONS)

Sr. Name and

Institute Contact No. Email
No. Designation
Prof. (Dr.) Rakesh
Government Polytechnic,
1. Bumataria 9924402808 [email protected]
Porbandar
(Main Author)
Prof. Nikunj
Government Polytechnic,
2. Sanghani 9510900460 [email protected]
Jamnagar
(Main Author)
Prof. (Dr) Pinkesh R.
Government Polytechnic,
3. Shah 9825472703 [email protected]
Kheda
(Co-Author)
Prof. Kanaksinh Zala Government Polytechnic,
4. 9723280611 [email protected]
(Co-Author) Jamnagar

17. BOS RESOURCE PERSONS

Sr. Name and

Institute Contact No. Email
No. Designation
Dr. S. H. Sundarani,
Government Polytechnic,
1. BOS Chairman & 9227200147 [email protected]
Ahmadabad
HOD Mechanical
Dr. Rakesh D. Patel,
B. & B. Institute of
3. BOS Member & HOD 9825523982 [email protected]
Technology, V. V. Nagar
Mechanical
Dr. Atul S. Shah, BOS B. V. Patel Institute of
4. 7567421337 [email protected]
Member & Principal Technology, Bardoli

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