Basics
Basics
transport of charge through a metal or a semiconductor depends not only on the properties of the electron but also on the arrangement of atoms in the solid
Conductivity of these materials can be varied over orders of magnitude by changes in temperature, optical excitation, and impurity content
One of the most important characteristics of a semiconductor, which distinguishes it from metals and insulators, is its energy band gap
● Lattice
periodicity in a crystal is defined in terms of a symmetric array of points in space called the lattice
one atom or a group of atoms having the same spatial arrangement, to get a crystal
the lattice contains a volume or cell that represents the entire lattice
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the total electronic configuration for Si (Z = 14) in the ground state is
Ls22s22p63s23p2
of Si; two valence electrons are in an 5 state and two are in ap state.
Energy Bands