Section A

[60 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.

1. Diagram 1 shows the atomic structure of carbon-12 atom.

Diagram 1

Based on Diagram 1,

a) i. Name the positively charged subatomic particle in the atom.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

ii. State the number of neutrons found in the nucleus of carbon-12 atom.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

iii. Another isotope of carbon is carbon-14. What is the difference between carbon-14 and
carbon-12 atoms?

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

b) Z atom has 4 protons and 5 neutrons.

i. Write the standard representation of Z atom.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

ii. Z atom can form an ion. Write the electron arrangement of Z ion.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

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2. Diagram 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements. A, B, C, D, E and F are not the actual
symbols of the elements.

Diagram 2

Based on Diagram 2,

a) What is the basic principle used in arranging the elements in the Periodic Table of Elements?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

b) State two elements that are placed in the same group.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
c) Write the electron arrangement for atom B.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

d) Atomic size of E is smaller than atomic size of D. Explain.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

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3. Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.

Diagram 3

a) What is the meaning of empirical formula?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

b) The result of the experiment is shown as below:

Mass of crucible + lid = 150.05 g

Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium = 156.29 g
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide = 160.45 g

i. Calculate the mass of:

Magnesium : …………………………………………………………………………….

Oxygen : …………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

ii. Determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.

[Relative atomic mass: Mg = 24, O = 16]

[3 marks]

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4. Diagram 4 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reaction between iron(II) sulphate
solution and acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution through the transfer of electrons at a
distance.

Diagram 4

a) What is the function of dilute sulphuric acid in Diagram 4?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

b) State the change of colour of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution after 30 minutes.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

c) Calculate the oxidation number of manganese in manganate(VII) ion.

[1 mark]

d) Write the half equation at carbon electrode Y.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

e) Describe briefly a chemical test to verify the cation produced in the solution at carbon
electrode X.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

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5. a) Diagram 5.1 shows the electron arrangement of sodium chloride compound.

Diagram 5.1

i. State the type of bond for sodium chloride compound.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

ii. How are sodium ion and chloride ion formed from their respective atoms?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]

b) Diagram 5.2 shows the electron arrangement of compound X formed when oxygen reacts
with carbon.

Diagram 5.2

i. State one properties of compound X.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

ii. Chemical equation below shows the reaction between compound X and ammonia to
form urea and water. Complete and balance the equation.

…..NH3 + CO2  (NH2)2CO + ………………

[2 marks]

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 iii. If 24 dm3 of gas X reacts with ammonia, calculate the mass of urea formed.
[Molar mass of urea = 60 g mol-1, Molar volume of gas at room conditions is 24 dm3
mol-1]

[2 marks]

6. Table 1 shows sodium hydroxide solution with different concentrations.

Sodium hydroxide Concentration pH value

solution (mol dm-3)
R 0.100 ………….
S 0.001 11.0
Table 1
a) What is pH?

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

b) Calculate the pH value for solution R.

[2 marks]

c) i. Compare the pH values of R and S solutions.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

ii. Explain your answer in 6(c)(i).

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

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 d) Diagram 6 shows the heating of solid T.

Yellow solid Colourless gas

White solid T when hot and which turns
Heat
white when cold limewater cloudy

Diagram 6
i. Write a chemical equation for the heating of solid T.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
ii. State the cation in white solid T.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

7. Table 2 shows the values of standard electrode potential, Eo for several half-cells that can be
used to answer the following questions.

Half-cell equation Eo (V)

Mg2+(aq) + 2e Mg(s) -2.38

Sn2+(aq) + 2e Sn(s) -0.14

Pb2+(aq) + 2e Pb(s) -0.13
Cu2+(aq) + 2e Cu(s) +0.34

Ag+(aq) + e Ag (s) +0.80

Table 2

a) What is meant by redox reaction?

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
b) Based on standard electrode potential in Table 2,

i. State the strongest reducing agent.

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

ii. Calculate the oxidation number of chromium in Cr2O72-.

[1 mark]
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c) Diagram 7 shows a chemical cell constructed by combining two half-cells.

Diagram 7

i. What would you observe in Beaker A after 30 minutes?

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

ii. Which electrode will undergo oxidation? Explain your answer in terms of standard
electrode potential.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]

iii. Write the cell notation for the voltaic cell in Diagram 7 and calculate the voltage of the
cell, Eocell.

[2 marks]

iv. Based on your answer in 7(c)(iii), describe how can you increase the voltage of the
cell?
………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]

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8. Diagram 8.1 shows the structural formula for a carbon compound X.

Diagram 8.1

a) i. State the meaning of carbon compound.

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
ii. State the functional group of compound X.
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

b) Diagram 8.2 shows a flow chart of a series of changes that occur between some members
of the homologous series.

Diagram 8.2

Based on Diagram 8.2,

i. State the general formula of compound A and B.

Compound A : …………………………………………………………………………
Compound B : …………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
ii. Name Process I and Process II.

Process I : …………………………………………………………………………….…
Process II : ………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

iii. What is the function of H3PO4 in Process II?

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
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 iv. State the physical state of butene at room condition.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

v. Compound A burns completely in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Write
a balanced chemical equation for the reaction occurs.

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
____________________________________________________________________________________

Section B
[20 marks]

Answer any one question from this section.

9. a) Diagram 9 shows two situations of grilling 500 g of meat.

Diagram 9

Based on Diagram 9, in which situation meat will cook faster and state the factor that affect
the rate of cooking meat.
[2 marks]

b) Table 3 shows information about the reactants and the temperature used in three experiment to
study the factors affecting the rate of reaction. Reaction between calcium carbonate and
hydrochloric acid produced gas X which make the lime water chalky.

Experiment Reactants Temperature Time to

/oC collect 50 cm3
of gas/s
I Excess calcium carbonate chips
and 30 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 35 50
hydrochloric acid
II Excess calcium carbonate chips
and 30 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 45 30
hydrochloric acid
III Excess calcium carbonate chips
and 30 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 45 20
hydrochloric acid
Table 3
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 i. What is meant by rate of reaction and state the name of gas X produced.
[2 marks]

ii. Write the chemical equation for the reaction between calcium carbonate and
hydrochloric acid. Calculate the maximum volume of gas X produced in Experiment I.
[Molar volume of gas at room condition is 24 dm3 mol-1]
[5 marks]

iii. Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment II.

[1 mark]

iv. Compare the rate of reaction between:

 Experiment I and Experiment II

 Experiment II and Experiment III

Explain your comparisons with reference to the Collision Theory.

[10 marks]

10. The following chemical equation represents the reaction between two different solutions.

NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq)  NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)

a) State the name of reaction that occured between the two reactants. Determine whether the
reaction is a redox or not. Explain your answer in terms of oxidation number.
[4 marks]

b) Iron is extracted from iron ore, Fe2O3 using coke, C. The production of iron in industry is
represented by the following chemical equation.

3C + 2Fe2O3  4Fe + 3CO2

i. If the factory is able to process 800 kg iron ore per day by using excess carbon, calculate
the mass of the iron produced.
[Relative atomic mass: O = 16; Fe = 56]
[4 marks]

ii. Determine the oxidation number of iron in compound Fe2O3 and state the IUPAC
nomenclature of the compound.
[2 marks]

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c) Two sets of an experiment are carried out to study the effect of other metals on rusting of iron.
For set I, an iron nail is coiled with metal P whereas in Set II iron nail is coiled with metal Q.
Both coiled iron nails are dipped into hot jelly solution containing potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III) solution and phenolphthalein. The results of the experiment are shown
in Table 4.

Table 4

Based on the observations, suggest metal P and metal Q. Explain why there is a difference in
the observations. Include in your answer the half-equations for oxidation reaction and state the
metals that are oxidised.
[10 marks]

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 Section C
[20 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

11. (a). Table 5 shows the observation when magnesium reacts with hydrogen chloride in solvent X
and solvent Y.

Substance Solvent Observation

Magnesium + hydrogen chloride X Bubbles of gas
Magnesium + hydrogen chloride Y No bubbles of gas
Table 5

i. Based on Table 5, suggest the name of solvent X and solvent Y. Explain the
observations.
[7 marks]

ii. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that produce bubbles of gas.
[2 marks]

iii. Reaction between magnesium and hydrogen chloride in solvent X produces a salt
solution containing chloride ion.
Describe one confirmatory test for chloride ion.
[3 marks]

(b). A beverage company has marketed two different types of citrus flavoured drinks, Lemonade
and Orangeade that contains citric acid as shown in Diagram 10. Citric acid is a type of acid
that can be found in citrus fruits such as lemon and orange.

Diagram 10

The concentration of citric acid can be determined using potassium hydroxide solution or any
other suitable chemical.

Plan an investigation to show which of the two drinks contain the higher concentration of
citric acid. Include the conclusion that could be obtained from the experiment. You can use
common laboratory apparatus and materials for your planning.
[8 marks]

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