Introduction to Physical Science 14th

Edition Shipman

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1. The law of reflection applies to

A) specular reflection.
B) diffuse reflection.
C) irregular reflection.
D) all of these.

2. The angle of incidence of a light wave is

A) different depending on whether there is diffuse or specular reflection.
B) measured from a normal to the surface.
C) equal to the angle of refraction.
D) measured relative to the surface of the material.

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3. A light wave traveling in air strikes a plane mirror surface at an angle of 20° relative to
the normal. The wave is reflected at an angle of
A) 20° relative to the surface.
B) 20° relative to the normal.
C) 70° relative to the normal.
D) none of these.

4. A reflected ray of light leaves a plane mirror's surface at an angle of 60° relative to the
normal. The angle of incidence was
A) 60° relative to the surface.
B) 30° relative to the normal.
C) 90° from the surface.
D) none of these.

5. A reflected ray of light leaves a plane mirror's surface at an angle of 50° relative to the
normal. The angle of incidence was
A) 50° relative to the surface.
B) 50° relative to the normal.
C) 90° from the surface.
D) none of these.

6. The angles of incidence and reflection

A) are not related.
B) can never be equal.
C) are measured from a normal to the reflecting surface.
D) add to 90°.

7. Which of the following statements is true of the angles of incidence and reflection?
A) They are not related
B) They can never be equal
C) They are always equal
D) They add to 90°.

8. A rainbow results from

A) both reflection and refraction.
B) refraction only.
C) neither reflection nor refraction.
D) reflection only.

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 9. A ray of light in water strikes an air–water interface at an angle of incidence greater than
the critical angle. The ray
A) emerges but is bent away from the normal.
B) travels along the interface.
C) emerges but is bent toward the normal.
D) is totally reflected into the water.

10. When the Sun is on the horizon, it is actually lower than it appears because of
A) refraction.
B) dispersion.
C) scattering.
D) reflection.

11. A pencil partially submerged in a glass of water appears broken or offset because of
A) polarization.
B) diffraction.
C) interference.
D) refraction.

12. The bending of waves around corners is called

A) reflection.
B) refraction.
C) diffraction.
D) interference.

13. A flashlight beam is seen because of

A) specular reflection.
B) diffuse reflection.
C) dispersion.
D) refraction.

14. The law of reflection

A) applies only to plane mirrors.
B) is limited to regular reflection.
C) must be modified for diffuse reflection.
D) applies to all reflecting surfaces.

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15. The bending of light because of a speed change as it moves from one medium to another
is called
A) diffraction.
B) refraction.
C) reflection.
D) the Doppler effect.

16. The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium is known as
the index of
A) reflection.
B) refraction.
C) diffraction.
D) none of these.

17. The speed of light in a material is 2.35  108 m/s. What is the index of refraction of this
material?
A) 1.28
B) 0.783
C) 2.35
D) 0.294

18. A particular material has an index of refraction of 2.25. What percent of the speed of
light in vacuum is the speed of light in the material?
A) 75%
B) 13%
C) 25%
D) 86%

19. The speed of light in a particular transparent medium is 1/8 the speed of light in a
vacuum. What is the index of refraction of the material?
A) 2.7
B) 0.38
C) 8
D) 0.13

20. The index of refraction of transparent materials is

A) equal to 1.
B) greater than 1.
C) less than 1.
D) any of these.

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21. When light enters a denser medium and is refracted,
A) the wavelength is unchanged.
B) the wave speed increases.
C) the frequency is unchanged.
D) the wavelength increases.

22. The separation of white light into its component colors is called
A) polarization.
B) diffraction.
C) dispersion.
D) refraction.

23. The observation of a “wet spot” on a hot highway in the summer is caused by
A) dispersion.
B) diffraction.
C) refraction.
D) reflection.

24. If a ray of light passes from air into glass, the angle of incidence will be
A) less than the angle of refraction.
B) sometimes greater and sometimes less than the angle of refraction.
C) greater than the angle of refraction.
D) equal to the angle of refraction.

25. If a ray of light passes from air into glass, the light will
A) travel along the normal.
B) bend toward the normal.
C) bend away from the normal.
D) continue traveling in the same direction.

26. Dispersion occurs in a medium because

A) the index of refraction depends on wave amplitude.
B) of regular reflection.
C) of diffuse reflection.
D) the index of refraction depends on the wavelength.

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27. The trapping of light in “light pipes,” or fiber optics, is due to
A) total internal reflection.
B) refraction.
C) absorption of the outside light.
D) diffraction.

28. Polarization involves

A) the orientation of field vectors.
B) only longitudinal waves.
C) diffraction.
D) interference.

29. A liquid crystal display (LCD) using a “twisting” effect in the display involves
A) polarization.
B) interference.
C) refraction.
D) diffraction.

30. Light for which the electric field vector is restricted to one plane is said to be
A) linearly polarized.
B) linearly refracted.
C) linearly reflected.
D) unpolarized.

31. The bending of light rays around corners is called

A) reflection.
B) refraction.
C) interference.
D) diffraction.

32. The change in the direction of a wave resulting from its encountering a small slit is
known as
A) interference.
B) diffraction.
C) reflection.
D) polarization.

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33. The greatest diffraction occurs for
A)  < d.
B)  = d.
C)  > d.
D) none of these; that is, it makes no difference.

34. The least diffraction occurs for

A)  < d.
B)  = d.
C)  > d.
D) none of these; that is, it makes no difference.

35. An object is placed 10 cm to the left of a converging spherical lens. The lens has a focal
length of f = 25 cm. Where is the image formed?
A) 7.1 cm to the right of the lens
B) 7.1 cm to the left of the lens
C) 17 cm to the right of the lens
D) 17 cm to the left of the lens

36. An object is placed 5 cm to the left of a converging spherical lens. The lens has a focal
length of f = 10 cm. Where is the image formed and what kind of image is formed?
A) 10 cm to the right of the lens, Real
B) 10 cm to the left of the lens, Virtual
C) 10 cm to the right of the lens, Virtual
D) 10 cm to the left of the lens, Real

37. An object is placed 10 cm to the left of a converging spherical lens. The lens has a focal
length of f = 25 cm. What kind of image is formed and what is its orientation?
A) Real/Upright
B) Virtual/Upright
C) Virtual/Inverted
D) Real/Inverted

38. An example of a diverging spherical mirror is

A) a bathroom mirror.
B) a round Christmas tree ornament.
C) a flashlight reflector.
D) none of these.

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39. An example of a converging spherical mirror is a
A) flashlight reflector.
B) bathroom mirror.
C) spherical truck mirror.
D) hubcap.

40. A concave mirror will produce

A) only inverted images.
B) real or virtual images.
C) only virtual images.
D) only real images.

41. All real images

A) cannot be focused on a screen.
B) are erect.
C) can be focused on a screen.
D) are inverted.

42. An object is placed at the center of curvature of a concave mirror. The image is
A) inverted, real, and the same size as the object.
B) virtual and the same size as the object.
C) virtual and smaller than the object.
D) virtual and enlarged.
E) erect, real, and the same size as the object.

43. A lens that is thicker at the center than at the edge is

A) a diverging lens only.
B) a convex lens only.
C) a converging lens only.
D) both a convex lens and a converging lens.

44. A lens that thicker at the edge than at the center is

A) a diverging lens only.
B) a convex lens only.
C) a converging lens only.
D) both a convex lens and a converging lens.

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45. Images of objects are formed by lenses because of
A) refraction.
B) diffraction.
C) internal reflection.
D) all of these.

46. The image of an object at the focal point of a concave spherical mirror
A) looks the same as the object.
B) is said to be formed at infinity.
C) is real.
D) is reduced.

47. The image of a convex mirror is always

A) virtual, inverted, and larger.
B) virtual, upright, and smaller.
C) real, upright, and smaller.
D) real, inverted, and larger.

48. A(n) ______________ image is defined as one that can be brought to a focus on a
screen.
A) virtual
B) real
C) upright
D) inverted

49. A(n) ______________ image is defined as one that cannot be brought to a focus on a
screen.
A) virtual
B) real
C) upright
D) inverted

50. The image formed by a diverging spherical lens is always

A) upright.
B) reduced.
C) virtual.
D) all of these.

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51. A diverging lens produces an image of a real object. This image is
A) reduced, upright, and virtual.
B) enlarged, inverted, and real.
C) reduced, inverted, and virtual.
D) enlarged, upright, and real.
E) enlarged, upright, and virtual.

52. The image of a real object formed by a single converging lens cannot be
A) real, inverted, and enlarged.
B) real, inverted, and the same size as the object.
C) virtual, upright, and enlarged.
D) real, inverted, and reduced.
E) virtual, upright, and reduced.

53. A visual defect wherein a person can see distant objects clearly but not nearby objects is
called
A) dispersion.
B) destructive interference.
C) farsightedness.
D) nearsightedness.

54. A visual defect wherein a person can see nearby objects clearly but not distant objects is
called
A) dispersion.
B) destructive interference.
C) farsightedness.
D) nearsightedness.

55. For normal vision, an object can be seen clearly when it is beyond the
A) far point.
B) nearsighted point.
C) farsighted point.
D) near point.

56. The photoreceptors responsible for color vision are called

A) rods.
B) cylinders.
C) cones.
D) cans.

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57. The photoreceptors responsible for "twilight" vision are called
A) rods.
B) cylinders.
C) cones.
D) cans.

58. For total internal reflection, light is ______________ and none is ______________.
A) refracted; reflected
B) refracted; transmitted
C) reflected; transmitted
D) transmitted; reflected

59. For total internal reflection, light is ______________ and none is ______________.
A) reflected, refracted
B) refracted; transmitted
C) transmitted, refracted
D) transmitted; reflected

60. Optics is divided into ray optics and ______________ optics.

61. A change in the direction of a wave resulting from its meeting an opaque material is
called ______________.

62. Reflection from smooth surfaces is called ______________ reflection.

63. Reflection from rough surfaces is called ______________ reflection.

64. According to the law of reflection, the angle of reflection is equal to ______________.

65. When a wave is ______________, the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence.

66. A change in the direction of a wave because of a change in the velocity of the wave is
called ______________.

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67. When light strikes a transparent medium, some light is reflected and some is
____________.

68. When light enters a denser medium, the speed of the light ______________.

69. Light traveling from a more dense to a less dense medium is refracted ______________
the normal.

70. Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of incidence of the light is greater than
the _________ angle.

71. For total internal reflection, light is reflected and none is ______________.

72. If we restrict the vibrations of the electric field vector of a wave to one direction, the
wave is said to be linearly ______________.

73. The preferential orientation of the EM field vectors of light is called

__________________.

74. Polarizing sunglasses have the transmission axis oriented ______________.

75. Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) make use of the wave phenomenon called
______________.

76. ______________ waves cannot be polarized.

77. A change in the direction of a wave as a result of its encountering a sharp edge or a slit
is called ______________.

78. A diamond is said to have “fire” because of ______________.

79. The change in wave motion produced by phase and amplitude relations of two or more
waves is called a(n) ______________ effect.

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80. A(n) ______________ consists of many narrow parallel slits very close together.

81. FM radio reception may be blocked by buildings because the wavelengths are too short
to be ______________ around buildings.

82. Complete destructive interference occurs for two waves of the same amplitude and
frequency when the waves are ______________ degrees out of phase.

83. The waveform of interfering waves is described by the principle of ______________.

84. A(n) ______________ image is defined as one that can be brought to a focus on a
screen.

85. A(n) ______________ image cannot be focused on a screen.

86. A lens that is thicker at the center than at the edge is called a(n) ______________ lens.

87. A person who can clearly see nearby objects but not distant ones is ______________.

88. When an object is inside the focal point of a concave mirror, a(n) _______________
image always results.

89. The image of a convex mirror is always virtual, _________, and smaller.

90. Unlike spherical mirrors, spherical lenses do not have a focal length equal to
_____________.

91. For normal vision, an object can be seen clearly when it is beyond the _____________.

92. The photoreceptors responsible for color vision are called ______________.

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 93. The speed of light in diamond is 1.24  108m/s. What is the index of refraction of
diamond?

94. A particular material has an index of refraction of 1.25. What percent of the speed of
light in a vacuum is the speed of light in the material?

95. The speed of light in a particular transparent medium is 5/8 the speed of light in a
vacuum. What is the index of refraction of the material?

96. An object is placed 20 cm in front of a concave spherical mirror. Sketch ray diagrams
and give the general characteristics of the images for mirrors with radii of curvature of
(a) R = 30 cm and (b) R = 10 cm.

97. A plane mirror stands vertically on a table. A ruler lies on the table in such a position as
to make an angle of 30° with the mirror. Determine the angle between the ruler and its
image.

98. An object is placed 20 cm from a converging spherical lens. Sketch ray diagrams and
give the general characteristics of the image for (a) a lens with a focal length of f = 15
cm and (b) a lens with a focal length of f = 25 cm.

99. An object 30 cm in front of a concave spherical mirror (f = 10 cm) is moved toward the
mirror until it is 20 cm from it. Sketch ray diagrams for these cases and estimate the
factor by which the image magnification changes.

100. A simple magnifying glass has a focal length of 6.0 cm. An object is placed 4.0 cm from
it. Sketch a ray diagram and give the characteristics of the image.

101. A double convex lens has a focal length of 0.10 m. An object 0.05 m high is placed 0.15
m from the lens surface on the principal axis. Sketch a ray diagram and give the
characteristics of the image.

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Answer Key
1. D
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. A
11. D
12. C
13. B
14. D
15. B
16. B
17. A
18. A
19. C
20. B
21. C
22. C
23. C
24. C
25. B
26. D
27. A
28. A
29. A
30. A
31. D
32. B
33. C
34. A
35. D
36. B
37. B
38. B
39. A
40. B
41. C
42. A
43. D
44. A

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45. A
46. B
47. B
48. B
49. A
50. D
51. E
52. E
53. C
54. D
55. D
56. C
57. A
58. C
59. A
60. physical, or wave
61. reflection
62. specular
63. diffuse
64. the angle of incidence
65. reflected
66. refraction
67. transmitted or refracted
68. decreases
69. away from
70. critical
71. transmitted or refracted
72. polarized
73. polarization
74. vertically
75. polarization
76. Longitudinal
77. diffraction
78. dispersion
79. interference
80. diffraction grating
81. diffracted
82. 180
83. superposition
84. real
85. virtual
86. convex, or converging
87. nearsighted
88. virtual
89. upright, or erect
90. R/2

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 91. near point
92. cones
93. 2.42
94. 80%
95. 1.6
96. a. Real, inverted, and magnified
b. Virtual, upright, and magnified
97. 60°
98. a. Virtual, upright, and enlarged
b. Real, inverted, and smaller
99. Increases by a factor of 2
100. Virtual, upright, and enlarged
101. Real, inverted, and smaller

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