ATAL BIHARI VAJPAYEE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, GWALIOR

(An institute of national importance, Ministry of Education, and Government of India)

Wireless Communication Technology Lab

SUBJECT: Wireless Communication Technology

REPORT: MatLab Based Execution of Signal Operations.

SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Alok Kumar Kamal

SUBMITTED BY:
Anoop yadav(2020IMG-010)
 Experiment 1
___________________________________________________________________
Aim:
To study and simulate amplitude modulation of a given message signal using MATLAB Software.

Objective:
To effectively implement amplitude modulation of a signal on MATLAB without any compilation
errors. And to understand the graphical nature of the same by plotting the results.

Motivation:
Although we have frequently used amplitude modulation mathematical computations in physics, we have
never been able to visualize the same. With the introduction of MATLAB, we are now able to display our
output mathematically. Utilizing this tool to comprehend the idea of
Our motivation for this experiment is modulation.

Simulation Software Used/Tools:

MATLAB.
MATLAB is a tool for computation and visualization in a combined or integrated environment for technical
and mathematical tasks. Since the acronym MATLAB stands for "Matrix Laboratory," it is ideal for matrix
manipulation and problem-solving in applications such as linear algebra, modelling, simulation, and
control. MathWorks is the company behind MATLAB.

Theory:
In Amplitude Modulation we vary the amplitude of the carrier signal according to the
instantaneous amplitude of the message signal.
Let
Message signal m(t) = (Am)cos(2*pi*fm*t)
Carrier signal c(t)=(Ac)cos(2*pi*fc*t)

Then the amplitude modulated signal will be as follows:

S(t) = (Ac + (Am)cos(2*pi*fm*t)) cos(2*pi*fc*t)
= (Ac) (1+ (Am/Ac) *cos(2*pi*fm*t)) cos(2*pi*fc*t)
= (Ac) (1+ (u) *cos(2*pi*fm*t)) cos(2*pi*fc*t)
Here u is the modulation index.

Code:
clear all;
close all;
clc;

% message signal
Am = 5;
fm = 10;
F = 2000;

T = 1 / F;
t = 0:T:2;
m = Am * cos(2 * pi * fm * t);
subplot(4, 1, 1); plot(t, m); title("Message Signal");

% carrier signal
Ac = 5;
fc = 10 * fm;
c = Ac * cos(2 * pi * fc * t);
subplot(4, 1, 2); plot(t, c); title("Carrier Signal");

% modulated signal
y = (Ac + m).*cos(2 * pi * fc * t);
subplot(4,1,3); plot(t, y); title("Modulated Signal");
% demodulated signal

z = amdemod( y , fc , F, 0, Ac) ;
subplot(4,1,4); plot(t, z); title("deModulated Signal");

Output:
Uses of Amplitude Modulation:

Communication between Aircraft: Because AM can pick up many signals on the same channel, it is more
frequently used for pilot-to-ground control communications than other methods like FM.
Broadcast Transmission: AM is still used to transmit over long, medium, and short waves.

Even though the equipment is easy to demodulate and has a low production cost, it is less expensive.
This method of quadrature amplitude modulation combines two carriers that are 90 degrees out of phase.
They are frequently used in moderately fast wireless communication networks, such cellular and WIFI.

Single sideband: An amplitude modulation wave with a single sideband has always been used for high-
frequency radio links. Additionally, a lower bandwidth is used, enabling a more efficient use of transmitted
power.
This is still used for numerous high-frequency systems.
 Experiment 2
______________________________________________________________________________

Aim:
To learn and successfully implement the angle modulation of a signal with the help of MATLAB
software. The angle modulation can be done by two ways:
1) To achieve angle modulation by frequency modulation.
2) To achieve angle modulation by phase modulation.

Objective:
To using methods for frequency modulation and phase modulation, to comprehend the idea of angle
modulation. Additionally, the goal is to efficiently show and plot the changes.

By the use of the "MATLAB" program, before and after modulation

Motivation:
Angle modulation has been the subject of numerous mathematical computations in physics, but we have never be
en able to visualise it.
With the introduction of MATLAB, we are now able to display our output m athematically.
Our goal in conducting this experiment is to better understand modulation by using this technology.

Simulation Software Used/Tools:

.
MATLAB is a tool for computation and visualisation in a combined or integrated environment for technical and m
athematical tasks.
Since the acronym MATLAB stands for "MATrix LABoratory," it is ideal for matrix manipulation and problem-
solving in applications such as linear algebra, modelling, simulation, and control.
MathWorks is the company behind MATLAB.

Theory for Angle Modulation Via Frequency Modulation:

In frequency modulation the frequency of the carrier signal is changed according to the
modulating signal.
Message signal m(t) = (Am)cos(2*pi*fm*t)
Carrier signal c(t)=(Ac)cos(2*pi*fc*t)

Then the frequency modulated signal is given by:

S(t) =(Ac)*(cos(2*pi*fc*t+2*pi*Kf* Integral of(m(t)dt))
=(Ac)*(cos(2*pi*fc*t+Bsin (2*pi*fm*t))

Theory for Angle Modulation Via Phase Modulation:

In phase modulation, the phase of the carrier signal is altered according to the modulating
signal.
Let

Message signal m(t) = (Am)cos(2*pi*fm*t)

Carrier signal c(t)=(Ac)cos(2*pi*fc*t)
Then Phase Modulated Signal:
Spm(t) =Ac* cos(2*pi*Fc*t+Kp*m(t))

Here Kp is the phase sensitivity of PM modulator.

Code for frequency modulation:

clear all;
close all;
clc;
% message signal
Am = 5;

fm = 1;
F = 2000;
T = 1 / F;
kf = 2;

b = kf *(Am/fm);
t = 0:T:2;
m = Am * cos(2 * pi * fm * t);
subplot(4, 1, 1); plot(t, m); title("Message Signal");
% carrier signal
Ac = 5;
fc = 10 * fm;

c = Ac * cos(2 * pi * fc * t);
subplot(4, 1, 2); plot(t, c); title("Carrier Signal");
% modulated signal
y = (Ac)*cos((2 * pi * fc * t) +(b*sin(2*pi*fm*t)));

subplot(4,1,3); plot(t, y); title("Frequency Modulated Signal");

Output for frequency modulation:

Code for Phase Modulation:
clear all;
close all;
clc;
% Frequency modulation

% message signal
Am = 5;
fm = 1;
F = 2000;

T = 1 / F;
kp = 2;
t = 0:T:2;
m = Am * cos(2 * pi * fm * t);
subplot(4, 1, 1); plot(t, m); title("Message Signal");

% carrier signal
Ac = 5;
fc = 10 * fm;
c = Ac * cos(2 * pi * fc * t);

subplot(4, 1, 2); plot(t, c); title("Carrier Signal");

% modulated signal
y = (Ac)*cos((2 * pi * fc * t) +(kp*m));
subplot(4,1,3); plot(t, y); title("phase Modulated Signal");
Output for Phase Modulation:

Uses of Angle Modulation:

 Noise Fm Reduction.
 Frequency Modulation (FM) stereo decoders, FM Demodulation networks for FM
operation.

 Frequency synthesis that provides multiple of a reference signal frequency.

 Used in motor speed controls, tracking filters.

Conclusion:
Frequency modulation and phase modulation have both been successful in achieving the experimen
t's goal, which was to m odify the angle of a carrier wave.
We received the expected results from both outputs.