Mutation

CHAPTER 7.0 : MUTATION

PART A : MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. During the transcription of a certain protein, an extra cytosine was placed into a gene region,
throwing off the correct amino acid sequence. What type of mutation occurred?
A. Transposon C. Base-pair substitution
B. Insertion D. Deletion

2. Which of the following genotypes causes Klinefelter syndrome?

A. XO C. XXY
B. XX D. XYY

3. If a piece of DNA breaks off a chromosome and attaches itself to a non-homologous

chromosome at another location, what type of change has occurred?
A. Translocation C. Deletion
B. Duplication D. Inversion

4. What type of mutation is in the following base sequence?

original: ATCGATCGCGAT
mutated: ATCGAACGCGAT

A. insertion C. substitution
B. translocation D. inversion

5. A point mutation that changes a codon specifying an amino acid into a stop codon is called a
A. missense mutation. C. frameshift mutation.
B. nonsense mutation. D. deletion mutation.

6. Changing the codon AGC to AGA represents a ____ mutation.

A. Missense C. Frameshift
B. Nonsense D. Deletion

7. A mutation that causes a change in a single nucleotide in DNA

A. will have no effect on the resulting protein
B. changes the corresponding nucleotide in mRNA, resulting in a different codon
C. causes the codon to be correct, but the anticodon to be incorrect
D. causes protein synthesis to stop

8. Why are male mutation rates higher than female?

A. The Y chromosome is unstable
B. Men have only 1 X chromosome
C. More cells so more DNA
D. Greater number of germ cell divisions

9. When a chromosome is broken in two places and reconnected so that a region is flipped
from the normal order, this is called...
A. Inversion C. deletion
B. Duplication D. reciprocal translocation

10. Mutations can result from:

A. certain types of drugs and radiation. C. neither a nor b.
B. mistakes in the replication of DNA. D. both a and b.
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 Mutation

PART B: STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

1. Figure below shows karyotype of an individual having a Down Syndrome. Karyotype is a

picture that shows the chromosomes own by an individual.

a. Is the individual a man or a woman? Way?

_________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

b. i. Down Syndrome is a genetic disease caused by chromosomal mutation a type of

aneuploidy. What is meant by aneuploidy?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

ii. Explain how aneuploidy occurs.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
c. Referring to the information above, give the reason for Down syndrome.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

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d. State two characteristics of a person having Down syndrome.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

2. Figure below shows non-disjunction occurring on sex chromosome during oogenesis. A, B,

C and D are individual born as a product of abnormalities in sex chromosomes occurring as
a result of non-disjunction.

XX
Egg without Egg with 2 X
chromosome chromosome

Non-disjunction
XX

Normal

sperm X Y X Y

A B C D

Base on figure above, answer the question below;

a. i. Name the abnormality of individual A.

____________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

ii. If an A individual is married to a normal man, what is the possibility for the
individual to have a normal baby? Give your explanation.
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

b. If a C individual is married to a normal man, what is the possibility to have;

i. a daughter with XXX genes

____________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]
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ii. normal son

____________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

iii. a son with abnormal chromosome

____________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

c. i. List down the gamete for C individual.

___________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

ii. State the son’s of individual C genetic disease if she were married to a normal man.

___________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

d. D individual is a man having abnormalities to his sex chromosome due to non-disjunction

that occurs during the formation of his mother’s ovum. Give one characteristic that is shown
by individual D.

_________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]
e. What will happen to individual B?

_________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

PART C: ESSAY QUESTIONS

1. a. Explain the meaning of the following items;

i. Mutation
ii. Mutant
iii. Mutagen
and give 2 examples of mutagen
[5 marks]

b. Explain what happens when one nucleotide is inserted into the middle of the DNA
molecule.
[5 marks]
2. Explain four types of chromosomal aberration.
[8 marks]

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